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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Roman Coins| ▸ |The Tetrarchy||View Options:   | | | |
In Roman religion, every man has a genius, a presiding spirit. In De Die Natali, Censorinus says, from the moment we are born, we live under the guard and tutelage of Genius. Cities, organizations, and peoples also had a genius. On coins, we find inscriptions to the Genius of the Army, of the Senate, of the Emperor, etc. The legend GENIO POPVLI ROMANI dedicates this coin to the Genius of the Roman People. Genius' image is of a man with a cloak half covering the shoulders leaving the rest of his body naked, holding a cornucopia in one hand, and a simpulum or a patera in the other. RT112738. Billon follis, RIC VI Serdica p. 499, 35; SRCV IV 14506, Cohen VII 40, Hunter V p. 62, 8 var. (3rd officina), Choice VF, well centered, green patina, light porosity, weight 5.735 g, maximum diameter 26.5 mm, die axis 180o, 2nd officina, Serdica (Sofia, Bulgaria) mint, late 307 - 308 A.D.; obverse GAL MAXIMIANVS P F AVG, laureate head right; reverse GENIO AVGVSTI (to the guardian spirit of the Emperor), Genius standing half left, kalathos on head, nude but for chlamys over left shoulder, pouring offering from patera in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, star lower left, B right, •SM•SD• in exergue; $110.00 (€103.40)
Maximian, 286 - 305, 306 - 308, and 310 A.D.
In 305 A.D. the capital of the Western Empire was moved from Rome to Milan.RT113191. Billon follis (large), RIC VI Roma 111b, SRCV IV 13291, Cohen VI 502, Hunter V -, Choice gVF, well centered, dark patina, highlighting deposits, flan split/crack, weight 9.721 g, maximum diameter 29.0 mm, die axis 180o, 2nd officina, Rome mint, 303 - 305 A.D.; obverse IMP C MAXIMIANVS P F AVG, laureate head right; reverse SAC MON VRB AVGG ET CAESS NN, Moneta standing slightly left, head left, scales in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, R crescent S in exergue; from the Michael Arslan Collection; $90.00 (€84.60)
Maximinus II Daia, May 310 - 30 April 313 A.D., Antioch, Seleucis and Pieria, Syria, Civic Christian Persecution Issue
In 311, after the death of Galerius in late April or May, representatives from Nicomedia presented themselves before Maximinus, bringing images of their gods and requested that Christians not be allowed to live in their city. Late in 311, an embassy from Antioch, led by their curator Theotecnus, also requested permission to banish Christians from their city and its territory. Other cities followed with the same request. Maximinus support for Antioch's requests is advertised by this coin type. Fearing his co-emperors, however, Maximinus changed his mind. His edict in May 313 restored privileges and property to Christians. Later in 313, Licinius captured Antioch and executed Theotecnus.RT114686. Billon quarter follis, McAlee 170(b), Van Heesch 3(a), Vagi 2954, SRCV IV 14927, VF, near centered on a tight flan, highlighting earthen deposits, rev. weakly struck, weight 1.602 g, maximum diameter 15.2 mm, die axis 0o, 2nd officina, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, c. 312 A.D.; obverse GENIO ANTIOCHENI, Tyche of Antioch seated facing on rocks, turreted and veiled, stalks of grain in right; upper body of river-god Orontes below, standing facing in waist deep water, arms outstretched; reverse APOLLONI SANCTO, Apollo standing left, patera in right hand, kithara (lyre) in left hand, B right, SMA in exergue; $90.00 (€84.60)
Galerius, 1 March 305 - 5 May 311 A.D.
In Roman religion, every man has a genius, a presiding spirit. In De Die Natali, Censorinus says, from the moment we are born, we live under the guard and tutelage of Genius. Cities, organizations, and peoples also had a genius. On coins, we find inscriptions to the Genius of the Army, of the Senate, of the Emperor, etc. The legend GENIO POPVLI ROMANI dedicates this coin to the Genius of the Roman People. Genius' image is of a man with a cloak half covering the shoulders leaving the rest of his body naked, holding a cornucopia in one hand, and a simpulum or a patera in the other.RB112729. Billon follis (large), RIC VI Heraclea 24b, SRCV IV 14542, Cohen VII 81, Hunter V 15 var. (5th officina), Choice VF, well centered, green patina, traces of silvering, porosity, edge crack/split, weight 8.367 g, maximum diameter 27.6 mm, die axis 180o, Heraclea (Marmara Ereglisi, Turkey) mint, 1 May 305 - 25 Jul 306 A.D.; obverse IMP C GAL VAL MAXIMIANVS P F AVG, head laureate right; reverse GENIO POPVLI ROMANI (to the guardian spirit of the Roman People), Genius standing slightly left, head left, nude but for chlamys over shoulders and left arm, kalathos on head, pouring libations from patera in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, HTΔ in exergue; $80.00 (€75.20)
Maximinus II Daia, May 310 - 30 April 313 A.D.
"This reverse is modeled after the famous statue of the Spirit of the Roman People in the Roman Forum. It is unclear when this statue was last seen as it is now lost. Although the coins celebrate a wide range of spirits (e.g., Rome, Augustus, the Army, etc.), the basic design comes from the same statue." -- Roman Bronze Coins From Paganism to Christianity 294-364 A.D. by Victor FailmezgerRT113902. Billon follis, RIC VI Alexandria p. 682, 135b; SRCV IV 14823; Cohen VII 2; Hunter V -, gVF, well centered, green patina, marks, rough areas of mild corrosion, weight 6.658 g, maximum diameter 26.2 mm, die axis 180o, 3rd officina, Alexandria mint, c. 311 - 312 A.D.; obverse IMP C GALER VAL MAXIMINVS P F AVG, laureate head right; reverse BONO GENIO PII IMPERATORIS (to the good guardian spirit of the pious Emperor), Genius standing slightly left, head left, kalathos on head, nude but for chlamys over shoulders and left arm, patera in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, crescent horns up upper left, Γ (3rd officina) upper right, K - P flanking across lower fields, ALE in exergue; ex Rönesans Salzgitter auction 2 (30 Jun 2023), lot 450; $80.00 (€75.20)
Licinius Junior, Caesar, 1 March 317 - 18 September 324 A.D.
On 1 March 317, Constantine and Licinius elevated their sons Crispus, Constantine II, and Licinius II to the rank of Caesar. Licinius ceded most of Europe to Constantine, and having lost Sirmium, relocated his capital to Nicomedia. The Thracian frontier was established as the boundary between the eastern and western empires.RL114448. Billon follis, Hunter V 44 (also 6th officina), RIC VII Antioch 29 (R1), SRCV IV 15415, Cohen VII 32, VF, slightly uneven obverse strike, nice centering, coloration, and contrast, weight 2.814 g, maximum diameter 19.1 mm, die axis 0o, 6th officina, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, 1 Mar 317 - 320 A.D.; obverse D N VAL LICIN LICINIVS NOB C, laureate and draped bust left, mappa in right hand, globe and scepter in left hand with latter extending over shoulder; reverse IOVI CONS-ERVATORI CAESS (to Jove the protector of the two Caesars), Jupiter standing left, nude but for cloak on shoulders, Victory on globe in right hand, scepter in left, captive with a pointed Parthian cap and beard standing at feet with hands tied behind back, S right, SMANT in exergue; $80.00 (€75.20)
Diocletian, 20 November 284 - 1 May 305 A.D., Roman Provincial Egypt
Athena is the Greek goddess of wisdom, war, the arts, industry, justice, and skill. Her usual attribute is the owl and Nike is her frequent companion.RX114200. Billon tetradrachm, RPC Online X U75951 (27 spec.), Dattari-Savio 5626, Emmett 4030; Geissen 3225, Milne 4811, Curtis 1961, SNG Cop 981, BMC Alexandria 2481, aVF, tight, ragged flan with superficial cracking, weight 7.550 g, maximum diameter 19.0 mm, die axis 0o, Alexandria mint, 29 Aug 286 - 28 Aug 287 A.D.; obverse A K Γ OYA ΔIOKΛHTIANOC CEB, laureate and cuirassed bust right, seen from the front; reverse Athena standing slightly right, head left, spear in right hand, resting left hand on grounded shield, LΓ (year 3) in left field; ex Priapus Numismatics e-auction 1 (5 Nov 2023), lot 651; scarce; $80.00 (€75.20)
Licinius I, 11 November 308 - 18 September 324 A.D.
On 3 July 324, at Adrianople, Constantine defeated Licinius forcing him to retreat to Byzantium. Crispus destroyed Licinius' fleet at the Battle of Hellespont in the Dardanelles, allowing his father to cross over the Bosporus and besiege Licinius. On 18 September, Constantine I decisively defeated Licinius at the Battle of Chrysopolis and became sole emperor.RT112896. Billon follis, Hunter V 118 (also 2nd officina), RIC VII Heraclea 52 (R1), SRCV IV 15222, Cohen VII 74, Choice gVF, earthen deposits, weight 3.437 g, maximum diameter 19.5 mm, die axis 0o, 2nd officina, Heraclea (Marmara Ereglisi, Turkey) mint, 321 - 324 A.D.; obverse IMP C VAL LICIN LICINIVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse IOVI CONSERVATORI (to Jupiter the protector), Jupiter standing slightly left, head left, Victory on globe presenting wreath in right hand, long eagle-topped scepter vertical behind in left, at feet captive right and eagle with wreath in beak left, X/IIΓ right, SMHB in exergue; $70.00 (€65.80)
Licinius I, 11 November 308 - 18 September 324 A.D.
For many years, the two imperial colleagues had maintained an uneasy truce, but temperatures rose again in 321 when Constantine pursued some Sarmatians, who had been ravaging territory in his realm, across the Danube into Licinius' territory. When he repeated this with another invasion, this time by the Goths who were pillaging Thrace, Licinius complained that Constantine had broken the treaty between them.RT114013. Billon half follis, Hunter V 175 (also 4th officina), RIC VII Cyzicus 15, Cohen VII 71, SRCV IV 15216, Choice aEF, dark patina with attractive highlighting earthen deposits, weight 4.201 g, maximum diameter 20.2 mm, die axis 0o, 4th officina, Cyzicus (Kapu Dagh, Turkey) mint, 321 - 324 A.D.; obverse IMP C VAL LICIN LICINIVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse IOVI CONSERVATORI (to Jupiter the protector), Jupiter standing slightly left, nude but for chlamys over shoulders, Victory on globe presenting wreath in right hand, long eagle-topped scepter vertical in left hand, eagle standing left with wreath in beak at feet on left, in right field: X/IIΓ over bound captive seated right and looking left, SMKΔ in exergue; $70.00 (€65.80)
Maximinus II Daia, May 310 - 30 April 313 A.D., Antioch, Seleucis and Pieria, Syria, Civic Christian Persecution Issue
In 311, after the death of Galerius in late April or May, representatives from Nicomedia presented themselves before Maximinus, bringing images of their gods and requested that Christians not be allowed to live in their city. Late in 311, an embassy from Antioch, led by their curator Theotecnus, also requested permission to banish Christians from their city and its territory. Other cities followed with the same request. Maximinus support for Antioch's requests is advertised by this coin type. Fearing his co-emperors, however, Maximinus changed his mind. His edict in May 313 restored privileges and property to Christians. Later in 313, Licinius captured Antioch and executed Theotecnus.RT114685. Billon quarter follis, McAlee 170(f), Vagi 2954, Van Heesch 3(a), SRCV IV 14927, F, near centered on a tight flan, highlighting earthen deposits, weight 1.172 g, maximum diameter 14.7 mm, die axis 0o, 6th officina, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, c. 312 A.D.; obverse GENIO ANTIOCHENI, Tyche of Antioch seated facing on rocks, turreted and veiled, stalks of grain in rights, river-god Orontes swimming below; reverse APOLLONI SANCTO, Apollo standing left, pouring libations from patera in right hand, kithara (lyre) in left hand, Σ right, SMA in exergue; $60.00 (€56.40)
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