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Beginning in 1633 A.D., during the reign of King Injo, the famine relief "Stabilization Office" (Sangpyongchong) began to cast coins using the first two characters of the office name (sang pyong) in the inscription (sang pyong tong bo), meaning "always even universal currency." Sang pyong tong bo coins were cast from 1633 to 1891 and circulated for over 300 years. Numerous government offices and military mints produced the coins as a source of funding, and many were also privately cast. The places indicated by the mintmark were not necessarily the actual mint; they were offices granted the right of coinage. They may have been minted for the office at another location.KO110411. Copper 1 mun, Velde-Hartill type 20.1.2, SCWC KM 175, CKCB 18.262, Craig LCC 20, aVF, light deposits and encrustations, mold error on rev. on Hye (3 straight lines), weight 3.218 g, maximum diameter 24.42 mm, die axis 0o, Seoul, Board of Revenue mint, 1806; obverse Sang Pyong Tong Bo (always even universal currency), one dot tong, hooks on pyong; reverse Hye (Rice and Cloth Department) mintmark above, Sam (three) below; $22.00 (€20.24)
China, Northern Song Dynasty, Emperor Hui Zong, 1100 - 1125 A.D.
Huizong, one of the most famous Song Dynasty emperors, spent most of his life surrounded by luxury, sophistication, and art, but ended in tragedy. An artist, Huizong neglected the army, and Song China became increasingly weak. On Jan 18, 1126, after the forces of the Jin had crossed the Yellow River and came in sight of the Song capital, Kaifeng, Huizong abdicated in favor of his son Emperor Qinzong. The Jin entered Kaifeng on Jan 9, 1127, and many days of looting, rapes, and massacre followed. Huizong and Qinzong were captured and demoted to commoner. Huizong was deported to northern Manchuria, where he spent the last eight years of his life as a captive.CH110848. Bronze 2 cash, Gorny NS 32-2.a, Hartill 16.369, Schjoth 607, Fisher 1017, VF, light deposits, weight 7.522 g, maximum diameter 30.3 mm, die axis 0o, 1101 - 1106 A.D.; obverse Sheng Song yuan bao, seal script, clockwise; reverse plain; $16.00 (€14.72)
China, Northern Song Dynasty, Emperor Hui Zong, 1100 - 1125 A.D.
Huizong, one of the most famous Song Dynasty emperors, spent most of his life surrounded by luxury, sophistication, and art, but ended in tragedy. An artist, Huizong neglected the army, and Song China became increasingly weak. On Jan 18, 1126, after the forces of the Jin had crossed the Yellow River and came in sight of the Song capital, Kaifeng, Huizong abdicated in favor of his son Emperor Qinzong. The Jin entered Kaifeng on Jan 9, 1127, and many days of looting, rapes, and massacre followed. Huizong and Qinzong were captured and demoted to commoner. Huizong was deported to northern Manchuria, where he spent the last eight years of his life as a captive.CH110852. Bronze 2 cash, Gorny NS 32-2.a, Hartill 16.369, Schjoth 607, Fisher 1017, VF, nice blue and green patina, light deposits and encrustations, weight 8.522 g, maximum diameter 30.3 mm, die axis 0o, 1101 - 1106 A.D.; obverse Sheng Song yuan bao, seal script, clockwise; reverse plain; $16.00 (€14.72)
China, Northern Song Dynasty, Emperor Hui Zong, 1100 - 1125 A.D.
Huizong, one of the most famous Song Dynasty emperors, spent most of his life surrounded by luxury, sophistication, and art, but ended in tragedy. An artist, Huizong neglected the army, and Song China became increasingly weak. On Jan 18, 1126, after the forces of the Jin had crossed the Yellow River and came in sight of the Song capital, Kaifeng, Huizong abdicated in favor of his son Emperor Qinzong. The Jin entered Kaifeng on Jan 9, 1127, and many days of looting, rapes, and massacre followed. Huizong and Qinzong were captured and demoted to commoner. Huizong was deported to northern Manchuria, where he spent the last eight years of his life as a captive.CH110853. Bronze 2 cash, Gorny NS 32-2.b, Hartill 16.393, Schjoth 609, Fisher 1018, aVF, earthen deposits, weight 8.092 g, maximum diameter 30.3 mm, die axis 0o, 1101 - 1106 A.D.; obverse Sheng Song yuan bao, running script, clockwise; reverse plain; $15.00 (€13.80)
Japan, Musashi Province, Edo, Fukagawa, 1769 - 1788, Meiwa-sen, Shin Kanei Tsuho, Nami 11 Waves
The very first four mon coins, issued in 1768, had 21 waves on the reverse. Later four mon coins, all with 11 waves on the reverse, can be dated by the type and color of the metal. Meiwa-sen, brassy alloy (68% copper, 24% zinc, and 8% tin), was used for the first 11 wave issue, 1769 - 1788. Bunsei-sen, reddish alloy (75% copper, 15% zinc, and 10% lead), was used for the second issue, 1821 - 1825. Ansei-sen, dark alloy (65% copper, 15% zinc, and 20% lead), was used for the third issue, 1857 - 1859. After 1866, all four mon coins were cast in iron.JA110405. Brass 4 mon, New Kanei; Meiwa-sen (brassy alloy); Shoji; Hartill EJC 4.252; Jacobs-Vermeule K602; Jones Kanei 202; Ogawa 329; SCWC KM C 4.2, aVF, weight 4.292 g, maximum diameter 28.2 mm, die axis 0o, Musashi Province, Edo, Sendashinden Fukagawa mint, 1769 - 1788; obverse kan ei tsu ho, Shoji (regular characters) variety; reverse 11 waves; $14.00 (€12.88)
Japan, Musashi Province, Edo, Fukagawa, 1769 - 1788, Meiwa-sen, Shin Kanei Tsuho, Nami 11 Waves
The very first four mon coins, issued in 1768, had 21 waves on the reverse. Later four mon coins, all with 11 waves on the reverse, can be dated by the type and color of the metal. Meiwa-sen, brassy alloy (68% copper, 24% zinc, and 8% tin), was used for the first 11 wave issue, 1769 - 1788. Bunsei-sen, reddish alloy (75% copper, 15% zinc, and 10% lead), was used for the second issue, 1821 - 1825. Ansei-sen, dark alloy (65% copper, 15% zinc, and 20% lead), was used for the third issue, 1857 - 1859. After 1866, all four mon coins were cast in iron.JA110406. Brass 4 mon, New Kanei; Meiwa-sen (brassy alloy); Shoji; Hartill EJC 4.252; Jacobs-Vermeule K602; Jones Kanei 202; Ogawa 329; SCWC KM C 4.2, aVF, scrapes, weight 4.883 g, maximum diameter 28.2 mm, die axis 0o, Musashi Province, Edo, Sendashinden Fukagawa mint, 1769 - 1788; obverse kan ei tsu ho, Shoji (regular characters) variety; reverse 11 waves; $14.00 (€12.88)
Japan, Musashi Province, Edo, Fukagawa, 1769 - 1788, Meiwa-sen, Shin Kanei Tsuho, Nami 11 Waves
The very first four mon coins, issued in 1768, had 21 waves on the reverse. Later four mon coins, all with 11 waves on the reverse, can be dated by the type and color of the metal. Meiwa-sen, brassy alloy (68% copper, 24% zinc, and 8% tin), was used for the first 11 wave issue, 1769 - 1788. Bunsei-sen, reddish alloy (75% copper, 15% zinc, and 10% lead), was used for the second issue, 1821 - 1825. Ansei-sen, dark alloy (65% copper, 15% zinc, and 20% lead), was used for the third issue, 1857 - 1859. After 1866, all four mon coins were cast in iron.JA110410. Brass 4 mon, New Kanei; Meiwa-sen (brassy alloy); Shoji; Hartill EJC 4.252; Jacobs-Vermeule K602; Jones Kanei 202; Ogawa 329; SCWC KM C 4.2, aVF, dark patina, trace deposits, weight 5.102 g, maximum diameter 28.3 mm, die axis 0o, Musashi Province, Edo, Sendashinden Fukagawa mint, 1769 - 1788; obverse kan ei tsu ho, Shoji (regular characters) variety; reverse 11 waves; $14.00 (€12.88)
China, Northern Song Dynasty, Emperor Tai Zong, 976 - 997 A.D.
| Known by his temple name Taizong after his death, Zhao Jiong was the second emperor of the Song dynasty in China. Taizong was a hardworking and diligent emperor, notable for reunifying China by conquering the Northern Han and for caring for the well-being of his people. He personally led the campaign against the North, increased agricultural production, organized encyclopedias, expanded the courts and the examination system, and further limited the military power of the jiedushi. He personally wrote the inscriptions on his coins. |  |
China, Northern Song Dynasty, Emperor Tai Zong, 990 - 997 A.D.
| Known by his temple name Taizong after his death, Zhao Jiong was the second emperor of the Song dynasty in China. Taizong was a hardworking and diligent emperor, notable for reunifying China by conquering the Northern Han and for caring for the well-being of his people. He personally led the campaign against the North, increased agricultural production, organized encyclopedias, expanded the courts and the examination system, and further limited the military power of the jiedushi. He personally wrote the inscriptions on his coins. | |
China, Northern Song Dynasty, Emperor Shen Zong, 1067 - 1085 A.D.
Shenzong implemented Wang Anshi's famous reforms aimed at improving life for the peasantry and unemployed. He was initially successful against the Tangut Empire but Shenzong's forces were defeated at the City of Yongle battle of 1082. As a result, the Xixia forces grew more powerful and would be a thorn on the side of the Song dynasty in the ensuing decades.CH92271. Bronze 1 cash, Gorny NS 24.a, Hartill 16.175, Schjoth 530, Fisher 945, F, deposits and encrustations, weight 4.483 g, maximum diameter 23.8 mm, die axis 0o, 1068 - 1077 A.D.; obverse Xi Ning yuan bao, seal script, clockwise; reverse plain; from a collection of 90 different Chinese cash coin types (no duplicates) all selected from a single hoard found on Java; $5.00 (€4.60)
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