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Sol Invictus ("Unconquered Sun") was the sun god of the later Roman Empire and a patron of soldiers. In 274 the Roman emperor Aurelian made it an official cult alongside the traditional Roman cults. The god was favored by emperors after Aurelian and appeared on their coins until Constantine. The last inscription referring to Sol Invictus dates to 387 and there were enough devotees in the 5th century that Augustine found it necessary to preach against them. The date 25 December was selected for Christmas to replace the popular Roman festival Dies Natalis Solis Invicti, the "Birthday of the Unconquered Sun."RS114895. Silver denarius, RIC IV 111, RSC IV 39, Hunter III 43, SRCV III 8672, Choice VF, well centered and struck, flow lines, die wear, frosty surfaces, weight 2.366 g, maximum diameter 20.6 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 1 Jan 241 - Jul 243 A.D.; obverse IMP GORDIANVS PIVS FEL AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind; reverse AETERNITATI AVG, Sol standing slightly right, radiate head left, nude but for chlamys over shoulders and left arm, raising right hand commanding the sun to rise, globe in left hand; ex NBS web auction 20 (11 Nov 2023), lot 318; $110.00 (€103.40)
Kingdom of Sicily, Manfred von Hohenstaufen, 1258 - 1266
The inscriptions are only fragmentary, but it is doubtful this type exists will full inscriptions.
Manfred was frequently in conflict with the Papacy and was excommunicated by three different popes. In the Divine Comedy, Dante meets Manfred outside the gates of Purgatory, where the spirit explains that, although he repented of his sins in the moment of death, he must atone by waiting 30 years for each year he lived as an excommunicate, before being admitted to Purgatory proper. Queen Elizabeth is a descendant of King Manfred. ME95104. Billon denaro, Spahr 215, MEC Italy III 616, MIR 10 484 (R, Manfredonia), Travaini 81, F, green patina, typical small squared flan, light corrosion, light earthen deposits, weak legends, weight 0.434 g, maximum diameter 14.8 mm, Messina mint, 1258 - 1264; obverse MAYNFRID, Ω over M; reverse REX SICILIE, two intersecting crosses; $25.00 (€23.50)
Kingdom of Sicily, Manfred von Hohenstaufen, 1258 - 1266
The inscriptions are only fragmentary, but it is doubtful this type exists will full inscriptions.
Manfred was frequently in conflict with the Papacy and was excommunicated by three different popes. In the Divine Comedy, Dante meets Manfred outside the gates of Purgatory, where the spirit explains that, although he repented of his sins in the moment of death, he must atone by waiting 30 years for each year he lived as an excommunicate, before being admitted to Purgatory proper. Queen Elizabeth is a descendant of King Manfred. ME95111. Billon denaro, Spahr 215, MEC Italy III 616, MIR 10 484 (R, Manfredonia), Travaini 81, F, green patina, typical small squared flan, light earthen deposits, uneven strike, weight 0.517 g, maximum diameter 13.3 mm, Messina mint, 1258 - 1264; obverse MAYNFRID, Ω over M; reverse REX SICILIE, two intersecting crosses; $25.00 (€23.50)
Kingdom of Sicily, Manfred von Hohenstaufen, 1258 - 1266
Manfred was frequently in conflict with the Papacy and was excommunicated by three different popes. In the Divine Comedy, Dante meets Manfred outside the gates of Purgatory, where the spirit explains that, although he repented of his sins in the moment of death, he must atone by waiting 30 years for each year he lived as an excommunicate, before being admitted to Purgatory proper. Queen Elizabeth is a descendant of King Manfred. ME95075. Billon denaro, Spahr 217, MEC Italy III 621, MIR 10 485 (R, Brindisi), Travaini 82, Thomsen 2513, F, well centered, typical small squared flan, light corrosion, weight 0.636 g, maximum diameter 14.8 mm, Messina mint, 1258 - 1266; obverse + DEI GRACR, Ω over M; reverse + • SICILIE •, cross pattée with pellet in each quarter; $25.00 (€23.50)
Judean Kingdom, John Hyrcanus I (Yehohanan), 134 - 104 B.C.
John Hyrcanus was the son of Simon the Maccabee and nephew of the folk hero Judah Maccabee, the hero of the Hanukkah story. Soon after Hyrcanus assumed power, the Seleukid kingdom marched on Jerusalem. Antiochus VII and Hyrcanus I negotiated a treaty that left Hyrcanus a vassal to the Syrian king. John Hyrcanus was the first Jewish ruler to issue coins in his own name.JD114834. Bronze prutah, Hendin 6168, Meshorer TJC I, Meshorer AJC S, HGC 10 629, gF, near complete inscription, light corrosion, rev. off center, weight 2.074 g, maximum diameter 14.4 mm, die axis 0o, Jerusalem mint, 134 - 104 B.C.; obverse Paleo-Hebrew inscription with wedge style script: Yehonanan the High Priest and Head (Rosh) of the Council of the Jews, surrounded by wreath; reverse two cornucopias splayed outward, adorned with ribbons, pomegranate or poppy between the horns; $110.00 (€103.40)
Septimius Severus, 9 April 193 - 4 February 211 A.D., Anchialos, Thrace
Anchialos (Pomorie, Bulgaria today) was possibly founded in the 5th or 4th century B.C. as a colony of Apollonia. It is mentioned in Strabo's Geographica as a small town. It was briefly captured by Messembria in the 2nd century B.C., but retaken by Apollonia and its fortified walls destroyed. The western Black Sea coast was conquered by the Romans under Marcus Licinius Crassus in 29 - 28 B.C. after continuous campaigns in the area since 72 - 71. The city became part of the Roman province of Thrace and was formally proclaimed a city under Trajan. Anchialos prospered as the most important import and export location in Thrace during the 2nd and 3rd centuries and acquired the appearance of a Roman city during the Severan Dynasty.RP114893. Bronze AE 27, AMNG II 476, Varbanov II 232, BMC Thrace -, SNG Cop -, F, green patina, encrustations, central dimple on obv., weight 13.341 g, maximum diameter 27.4 mm, die axis 180o, Anchialos (Pomorie, Bulgaria) mint, 9 Apr 193 - 4 Feb 211 A.D.; obverse AY K Λ CEΠ CEYHPOC, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind; reverse OYΛΠIANΩN AΓXIAΛEΩN, Septimius Severus on horseback galloping right, wearing military garb, transverse spear in right hand, reins in left hand; ex Rönesans Salzgitter auction 5 (13 Oct 2023), lot 667; $70.00 (€65.80)
Myrina, Aeolis, c. 188 - 170 B.C., In the Name and Types of Alexander The Great
Temnos (Temnus) on the western coast of Anatolia near the Hermus River, was a small Greek city-state of Aeolis, later incorporated in the Roman province of Asia. Under Augustus it was already on the decline, under Tiberius it was destroyed by an earthquake, and in the time of Pliny (23 - 79 A.D.) it was no longer inhabited. It was, however, rebuilt later. One of the city's more noteworthy figures was the rhetorician Hermagoras.GS114605. Silver tetradrachm, Price 1662, Müller Alexander 935, SNG München -, SNG Alpha Bank -, SNG Saroglos -, SNG Cop -, VF, light tone, attractive style, light silvery encrustations, a few light marks/scratches, weight 16.654 g, maximum diameter 36.0 mm, die axis 0o, Aiolis, Myrina (near Aliaga, Turkey) mint, c. 188 - 170 B.C.; obverse head of Herakles right, wearing Nemean Lion skin, scalp over head, forepaws tied at neck; reverse Zeus Aëtophoros seated left on high-backed throne, bare to the waist, himation around hips and legs, eagle in extended right hand, long scepter vertical behind in left hand, right leg drawn back, AΛEΞANΔPOY downward on right, amphora in left field, palm branch left in exergue; huge 36 mm flan!, ex Aegean Numismatics; $400.00 (€376.00)
Macedonian Kingdom, Alexander the Great, 336 - 323 B.C.
The B A on the reverse refers to BAΣIΛEΩΣ AΛEΞAN∆POY, King Alexander (Alexander the Great). Alexander's genius and charisma led the Macedonian Army across the world creating an empire spanning from Greece to India. His reign begins the Hellenistic Age, a time when civilization flourished. He was regarded as a god and his fame grew even greater after his premature death at thirty-three.GB112981. Bronze unit, cf. Price 386a (trident head right), VF, brown patina, weight 4.875 g, maximum diameter 17.4 mm, die axis 135o, Macedonian mint, posthumous, c. 325 - 310 B.C.; obverse head of Herakles right, wearing Nemean Lion skin, scalp over head, forepaws tied at neck; reverse quiver and bow above, B A across center, club left over trident head right (?, control) below; $90.00 (€84.60)
China, Xin Dynasty, Wang Mang's Interregnum, 7 - 23 A.D., Lot of 5 Coins
| Minted during the lifetime of Jesus! Wang Mang was a Han Dynasty official and consort kin who seized the throne from the Liu family and founded the Xin Dynasty, ruling 9-23 A.D. The Han dynasty was restored after his overthrow, and his rule marks the separation between the Western Han Dynasty (before Xin) and Eastern Han Dynasty (after Xin). Some historians have traditionally viewed Wang as a usurper, while others have portrayed him as a visionary and selfless social reformer. Though a learned Confucian scholar who sought to implement the harmonious society he saw in the classics, his efforts ended in chaos. In October 23 A.D., the capital Chang'an was attacked and the imperial palace ransacked. Wang Mang died in the battle. The Han dynasty was reestablished in 25 A.D. when Liu Xiu (Emperor Guangwu) took the throne. |  |
Seleukid Kingdom, Alexander I Balas, 152 - 145 B.C., Apameia Civic Coinage
| This rare civic coinage type, without the portrait of the Seleukid King, was only issued for one year, 150 - 149 B.C. Apameia was on the right bank of the Orontes River, about 55 km (34 mi) to the northwest of Hama, Syria, overlooking the Ghab valley. Originally named Pharmake, it was fortified and enlarged by Seleucus I Nicator in 300 B.C., who renamed it after his Bactrian wife, Apama. The fortress was placed upon a hill; the windings of the Orontes, with the lake and marshes, gave it a peninsular form. Seleucus had his commissariat there with 500 elephants, 30,000 mares, and 300 stallions. The pretender, Diodotus Tryphon, made Apameia the basis of his operations. Located at a strategic crossroads for Eastern commerce, the city flourished to the extent that its population eventually numbered half a million. It was one of the four cities of the Syrian tetrapolis, boasted one of the largest theaters in the Roman world, and a monumental colonnade. |  |
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