Ottoman Coins (A first guide)

[Istinpolin]

Dear Friends

This category will be an attempt to help those seeking more information on Ottoman Coins without having to browse the whole internet or asking many questions. Of course this is open to any comments, suggestions and corrections.

[Istinpolin]

Part 1

The Ottoman Empire was not an empire at first. It was a Beylik that ruled a small area in Anatolia led by Ertugrul. This Beylik amongst with others emerged with the fall of the Seljuk Empire after the invasion of the Mongols. Here is some information:

Ertuğrul (1198-1281), also Ertoğrul, was the father of Osman I, the founder of the Ottoman Empire. In 1227 he inherited the command of the Kayi tribe of the Oghuz Turks following the drowning of his father, Süleyman, in the river Euphrates, fleeing from the Mongol onslaught. Ertuğrul was given the lands of Karaja Dağ, a mountain near Angora (now Ankara), by Ala ed-Din Kay Qubadh I, the Seljukid Sultan of Rüm. Later he was also given the village of Söğüt with the surrounding lands.

Osman I (1258–1326) (Ottoman عُثمَان ʿUthmān) was the founder of the Ottoman Empire. He was born in 1258 and inherited the title bey (chief) from his father, Ertuğrul, as the ruler of the village of Söğüt in 1281. The birth of the empire originated with the conquest of the Turkish tribe of Eskenderum and the city of Eskişehir (Turkish for 'Old Town') in 1301–1303, although Osman had already in 1299 declared the independence from the Seljuk Empire of his own small kingdom, the Ottoman Principality.
With the fall of the Byzantine fort at Yenişehir ('New Town') the Turks where ready to launch a siege at the large Byzantine towns of Proussa (now Bursa) and Nicaea (now İznik). Osman I died in 1326, the same year that Bursa fell. He was after his death given the title of ghazi (warrior of the faith) by his successors. Whenever a new Sultan ascended the throne, the people would cry out "May he be as great as Osman".

Orhan or Orkhan was the bey (chief) of the newborn Ottoman Empire (at the time known as the Osmanli tribe) from 1326 to 1359. Orhan conquered most of western Anatolia and took part of the political upheaval of the decaying Byzantine Empire by marrying Helen, the daughter of John VI Cantacuzenus the alienated guardian of Emperor John V Palaeologus. As the price of this still prestigious marriage, Orhan helped Cantacuzenus to overthrow John V and his regents. In 1354 Orhan's son, Suleiman Pasha (Süleyman Paşa), occupied Gallipoli (evacuated by its Greek population in the wake of an earthquake) and gave the Ottoman state a bridgehead into mainland Europe.

Murad I (1319 (or 1326) – 1389; nick-named Hüdavendiğar, the God-like one) was the ruler of the Ottoman Empire from 1359 to 1389. He was the son of Orhan I and the Byzantine princess Helen (Nilofer) and became the ruler following his father's death in 1389. He established the Empire by building up a society and government in the newly conquered city of Adrianople (Edirne in Turkish) and by expanding the realm in Europe, bringing most of the Balkan under Ottoman rule and forcing the Byzantine emperor to pay him tribute. It was Murad who established the former Osmanli tribe into an empire. He established the title of sultan in 1383 and the corps of the Janissaries and the devşirm recruiting system. He also organised the government of the Divan, the system of timars and timar-holders (timariots) and the military judge, the kaziasker. He also established the two provinces of Anadolu (Anatolia) and Rumili (Europe).
Murad fought against the powerful emirate of Karamanid in Anatolia and against the Serbs, Bulgarians and Hungarians in Europe. His moves in the Balkans brought together a Christian coalition under the king of Hungary, but they were defeated at the Battle of Maritsa on September 26, 1371 by Murad's capable second lieutenant Lalaşahin, the first governor (Beylerbey) of Rumili. In 1366 the Serbian king was forced to pay tribute to the Sultan and in 1385 Sofia fell to the Ottomans. Murad was assassinated by Miloš Obilic, a Serbian noble, during the Battle of Kosovo. See the conquests of Murad I.

[Istinpolin]

Part 2

The Period of Interregnum:
The Ottoman Interregnum (also known as the Ottoman Triumvirate; Fetret Devri in Turkish) was a period in the beginning of the 15th century when chaos reigned in the Ottoman Empire following the defeat of Sultan Beyazid I in 1402 by the Mongol warlord Tamerlane.
Around 1410 the three sons of Beyazid left alive after the Battle of Ankara ruled each half of the remaindants of the empire. The eldest son, Suleiman Çelebi, ruled northern Greece, Bulgaria and Thrace. His brother, İsa Çelebi ruled Greece and the westernmost of Anatolia, however he was overthrown by the younger half-brother Mehmed Çelebi from his capital in Bursa in 1404. Suleiman then acquired southern Greece as well and Mehmet ruled over Anatolia. Mehmet sent his younger brother Mûsa across the Black Sea with a large army to conquer Suleiman. Mûsa won in Bulgaria in 1410 and Suleiman was forced to retreat south to Greece.
Mûsa then proclaimed himself as sultan of the Ottoman Empire. Mehmed became furious and sent a small army over to Gallipoli where it was defeated. Mehmed later came to his senses and forced an alliance with the Byzantine Empire. Three years later Mehmed sent over a new army that defeated Mûsa in Kamerlu, Serbia. It was then easy for Mehmed I to overthrow his last brother in Greece and become the Ottoman sultan.

The Fall of the Ottoman Empire:
The Ottoman Empire failed to keep up technologically with its European rivals, especially Russia. It suffered a huge naval loss at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571. In the Balkans region it was constantly contested by Habsburgs and for atime the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Its border with the Commonwealth was that of semi-pernament warzone, with Tatars raiding the southern Commonwealth and Cossacks raids pillaging areas as far as Istanbul suburbs. Fighting Persia to the east, Commonwealth and Habsburgs on the west and Russia in the north, the Ottoman Empire was unable to hold any of its gains for long. It barely managed to repulse foregin intervention from Moldavia (1593-1621). After its defeat at the Battle of Vienna in 1683 the Ottoman Empire began a long decline and for a long period was known as the Sick man of Europe. The empire was for many years supported by the western powers, who were trying to counter Russia. The empire finally collapsed in after the defeat of the empire by the Allies in World War I.

Then the major territories were devided up into many different sectors simply as Germany after WWII. The Anatolain parts were devided into a Greek, French and British sectors. In 1919 Mustafa Kemal Ataturk ordered the fight back and the revolution and the battles against Greece, UK and France were finally won and the Turkish Republic was set up in 1923 with Ataturk as the first ruler. The other territories were lost and other nations were founded. The roots of the conflict in Iraq lie in this as Britain simply messed up to provide land of each ethnic group (Kurds, Turkic Iraqis in the north, Suni and Shi'ites) as ordered by Wilson's 14 Points. Also, one major short term cause of the conflict in Israel and Palestine, which remained under the Ottoman for over 500 years peacefully, was also due to British diplomatic failure, the same with conflicts on Cyprus.

[Istinpolin]

Part 3

Here is a list of Ottoman Mints:

KEY
{ }= additional part of mintname not always present
( ) = modern name/country, if different
[ ] = additional notes
?? = uncertain mint
Types of metals:
G = gold
S =silver
C = copper
N = nickel


Istanbul (Constantinople) established itself as the main mint of the Ottoman Empire. Long after all the other mints had  closed down, the Darphane mint was still churning out coins, right up until the very end. A refurbished Darphane continues to be the sole mint of the Turkish Republic

Konstantiniye G,S,C,N [followed by El Mahrusa (the guarded) on some gold coinage of 1223 only]
Islambol G,S [this name was used from 1115-1203]
Dar el-Sultanie el-Aliyye G [on gold coinage of 1187/2 only]
Dar ul Hilafe G [on gold coinage of 1223/15 only, followed by Elaliye (supreme abode) or Elseniye (exalted abode)]

Other mints:

Aden ('Adan, Yemen) G,S,C
Adilcevaz C
Amasya G,S,C
{Kara} Amid (Diyarbakir) G,S,C [Kara on 1009 and later coinage, different mint?]
Ankara S [name used from 886AH onwards]
  Engüriye S,C [original name, pre-886AH]
Antep (Gaziantep) C
Ardanuç G,S
Ayasluk (Selçuk) S,C
Bagdad (Baghdad, Iraq) G,S,C
Balad S
Balya S
Banaluka (Banja Luka, Bosnia & Herzegovina) S
Basra (Al Basrah/Basra, Iraq) G,S,C
Baybirt (Bayburt) G ??
Belgrad (Beograd/Belgrade, Yugoslavia) G,S
Bergama C
Besni S
Bey?ehir S
Bitlis G,S,C
Bolu C
Bosna (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina) C [on a mangir of 1099]
   Saray S,C  [same town, different mint? name used on an akce of 1032 and a mangir of 1100]
Bursa G,S,C
Cerbe (Jerba, Tunisia) G
{el} Cezayir{i Garb} (Alger/Algiers, Algeria) G,S,C [additional portions of name used in various combinations on gold coinage only]
Cizre G,S,C
Çança (Gümü?hane) G,S
   Gümü?hane S (same town, new name, used on coinage of 1143)
Çemiskezek C
Demürkapu (Derbent, Dagestan/Russian Federation) S
Dhi Mamar (in Yemen) S,C
Dimi?k (Dimashq/Damascus, Syria) G,S,C
   ?am G,S [this name found on coinage of 923]
Edirne G,S,C
Egridir C
Elince (Alinca?, Azerbaycan) G [fortress on the road from Naxcivan to Culfa]
Ercis (Erci?) S ?? [on a do ?ahi dated 941, listed under the Hizan mint in Screckovic's book but with a footnote]
Erzincan C ??
Erzurum G,S,C
Filibe (Plovdiv, Bulgaria) S
Gelibolu S
Gençe (Gäncä, Azerbaycan) G,S
Germiyan (Kütahya) S,C
Güzelhisar (Aydin) S
Haleb (Halab/Aleppo, Syria) G,S,C
Harpurt (Harput) S,C
Hille (Al Hillah, Iraq) G,S
{el} Hisn{keyf}{a}  (Hasankeyf) G,S,C [4 different versions of this name, unsure if there were actually multiple mints operating out of the same town]
Hizan S
Inegöl S
Izmir G,S
{El} Kahire (Cairo, Egypt) C
Ka?gar (Kashi, China) G,S,C [named followed by Mahrusai (guarded by God), Darussultanayi (seat of the Sultanate), or Latif (pleasant/beautiful]
Kawkaban (in Yemen) S,C
Kigi C
Kafsa (Gafsa, Tunisia) S
Karahisar (Afyon) S,C
Kars S
Kastamonu S,C
Kayravan (Kairouan, Tunisia) S,C
Kayseri S
Kibris (Cyprus) S
Konya S,C
Kosnataniye (Kostantina, Algeria) G,S,C
Kratova (Kratovo, Macedonia) G,S
Kuçayna (Kucajna, Yugoslavia) G,S,C
Ladik (Denizli) C
Larende/Laderne (Karaman) S
Malhaz (in Yemen) C [Ottoman military camp in Yemen]
Manisa S
Mara? G,S,C
Mardin G,S,C
Midye (Medea, Algeria) S
{El Mahrusa} Misir (Cairo, Egypt) G,S,C,N ["El Mahrusa on some early mangirs only]
Mudava (Moldova Veche, Romania) G,S
Mokha (Al Mukha, Yemen) C
Musul (Al Mawsil/Mosul, Iraq) G,S,C
Müküs (Bahçesaray) S
Nahçivan (Naxcivan, Azerbaycan) G,S
Nigbolu (Nikopol, Bulgaria) S
Novaberda, Novar (Novo Brdo/Kosovo, Yugoslavia) G,S,C [two different mints that operated in the same town]
Nusaybin S,C
Ohri (Ohrid, Macedonia) S
Orduyu Hümayun G [royal army mint]
Prevadi (Provadiya, (Bulgaria) S
Revan (Yerevan, Armenia) G,S
Ruha (Urfa) G,S,C
Sada (Sa-dah, Yemen) C
Sakiz (Hios, Greece) G,S
Sana{n} (San'a, Yemen) G,S,C [extra "n" on pre-974 coins only]
Saray (Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herzegovina) S,C
Selanik (Thessaloniki, Greece) G,S
Serez, Siroz (Serres, Greece) G,S [two different mints that operated in the same town]
Sidrekapsi (Sidherokaps, Greece) G,S
Siirt G,C
Sivas S
Sofya (Sofia, Bulgaria) S
Srebreniçe (Srebrenica, Bosnia & Herzegovina) G,S
?amahi (Shemakha, Azerbaycan) G,S
?irvan (?amaxi, Azerbaycan) G,S,C
Tacura (in Libya) G
Taiz (Ta'izz, Yemen) G,S
Tebriz (Tabriz, Iran) G,S
Tlemsen (Tlemcen, Algeria) G,S
Tiflis (Tbilisi, Georgia) G,S
Tire S,C
Tokat G,S
Trablus[garb] (Tarabulus/Tripoli, Libya) G,S,C
Trablus (Tripoli, Lebanon) S
Trabzon G,S
Tunus (Tunis, Tunisia) G,S,C
Üsküp (Skopje, Macedonia) G,S,C
Van S,C
Zebid (Zabid, Yemen) G,S,C

Taken from the website of Deniz Martinez.

[Istinpolin]

Part 4

The coins of the Ottoman Empire vary in prices like every other dynasty or country. The coins are generally cheaper but of course there are several unique coins and extremly rare coins that are very expensive. Like for example that one Jem Sultan Akce. This one is very rare and very hard to find and prices vary from 700 to 1500 Dollars depending on where you get it from. if you ever can find it. I have never seen one, but in books.




Literature, I view books about coins more important as the coins themselves, is an important topic. The most important books in my opinion are the books by Slobodan Srekovic, Nuri Pere, Necdet Kabaklarli, Cuneyt Olcer and The general book by Stephen Album on Ottoman Coins.

Here is a long list with details on these books. Some books are hard to find:
GENERAL (monetary history, etc.)

Author: Clay, Christopher
Title: Gold for the Sultan: Western Bankers and Ottoman Finance, 1856-1881: A Contribution to Ottoman and to International Financial History
Publishing Info  I B Tauris & Co Ltd, 2001  [ISBN: 1860644767]
Phyisical Description: 448 p.
Language: English
Summary: "The financial collapse of the Ottoman government in 1875 was a pivotal event in the history of the Middle East. Based on extensive use of both financial and diplomatic sources, this book is an economic history of Ottoman finances in the context of the larger political and diplomatic history of the Empire. It covers the reasons for the bankruptcy, examining the lack of financial controls and the consequent accumulation of debt, as well as the role of foreign bankers and the question of "exploitative financial imperialism."

Author: Darling, Linda T.
Title: Revenue-Raising and Legitimacy : Tax Collection and Finance Administration in the Ottoman Empire, 1560-1660
Publishing Info: Leiden : E.J. Brill, c1996. [ISBN: 9004102892]
Series: The Ottoman Empire and its Heritage ; v. 6
Physical Description: xii, 368 p. ; 25 cm. bib.
Language: English
Summary: "This study examines for the first time the finance procedures and documents of the post-classical Ottoman Empire. It provides an overview of institutional and monetary history and a detailed description of assessment and collection processes for Cizye, Avariz and Iltizam-collected taxes, the documents produced by these processes, and the information they contain."

Author: Ender, Celil
Title: Basbakanlik Devlet Arsivleri Osmanli Arsivi'ndeki Nümismatik ile ilgili Belgeler Katalogu : darphaneler, ilgili kuruluslar, madenler, meskukat, kaime, madalya, nisanlar vb. / Documents of Numismatic Importance in the Ottoman Archives : coinage, medals and orders, mints and their administration, mint masters and superintendents, stampers of imperial monograms (Tugra), counterfeiters, etc.
Publishing Info: Istanbul : Türk Nümismatik Dernegi Yayinlari, 1996.
Series: Özel Sayi ; No. 3
Physical Description: 208 p. ; 28 cm.
Languages: Turkish and English
Summary:

Authors: Inalcik, Halil and Quataert, Donald (joint editors)
Title: An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire
Publication Info: New York and Cambridge [UK]: Cambridge University Press, 1994. (Also released as a two-volume paperback set in 1997 -- ISBN 0521585805)
Physical Description: xxxi, [7], 1026 p. : ill., maps ; 23 1/2 cm. bib. p. 380, 623, 743, 934, 981.
Summary: Compilation of works pertaining to socio-economic history of the Ottoman Empire. Includes "Money in the Ottoman Empire, 1326-1914" by Sevket Pamuk (p. 947-985), who would later write an entire book on the subject (see below).

Author: Mukhamadiev, Azgar Gataullovich.
Title: Bulgaro-Tatarskaëiìa Monetnaëiìa Sistema, XII-XV vv.
Publication Info: Moskva : Izdatel'stvo Nauka, 1983.
Physical Description: 162 p., 21 p. pls. : ill. ; 22 cm.
Language: Russian
Summary: Monetary systems in Bulgaria in the 12th-15th Centuries (includes the early Ottoman period).

[Istinpolin]

Part 5

Author: Pamuk, Sevket
Title: A Monetary History of the Ottoman Empire
Publishing Info: Cambridge [UK] and New York : Cambridge University Press, 2000. [ISBN: 0  521 44197 8]
Series: Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization
Physical Description: HC, xxvi, 325 p.: maps, graphs, tables, bib. p. 243
Language: English
Summary: Excellent detailed work the history of money in the Ottoman Empire, from the first ackes through to the end of WWI. More of a socio-economic study but still with LOTS of useful information and background for collectors.

Author: Sahilioglu, Halil
Title: Studies on Ottoman Economic and Social History
Publishing Info: Istanbul: Organisation of the Islamic Conference Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture (IRCICA), 1999
Physical Description: HC, 219 p., ill., 24 cm.
Language: English
Summary: Seven previously published articles pertaining to Ottoman economic and socio-economicc issues, revised by the author for this publication. Topics include problems of money and circulation, techniques of coinage, revenues and expenditures of the treasury, etc

Author: Sakaoglu, Necdet (English translation by Jale Alguadis)
Title: Darphane-i Amire'nin Kisa Tarihi / A Short History of the Darphane-i Amire (Imperial Mint)
Publishing info: Istanbul: Osmanli Bankasi, 1990?
Physical Description: 20 p. : col. ill
Languages: Turkish and English
Summary: Nice booklet about the history of Darphane (the imperial Ottoman mint), with lots of colour photos.

COINAGE

Author: Amphora Coins, Ltd. (corporate author)
Title: The Mintmarks & Dates on Ottoman Turkish and Related Coins : 1299-1928.
Publishing Info: London : Amphora Coins, Ltd., 1977.
Physical Description: 6 leaves.
Language: English
Summary:
Keywords: COINAGE - MINTMARKS,INSCRIPTIONS

Author: Antadze, M. G.
Title: Obrashchenie Tureëtìskikh Monet v Gruzii v XV-XVIII vv (istoriko-numizmaticheskoe issledovanie)
Publishing Info: Tbilisi : Akademiëiìa nauk Gruzinskoi SSR, Institut istorii arkheologii i etnograffi, 1977.
Language: Georgian?
Physical Description: 20 p. ; 20 cm.
Summary: The circulation of Ottoman coins in Georgia, 15th-18th centuries.
Keywords: COINAGE - GEORGIA

Author: Artuk, Ibrahim.
Title: Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Adina Basilan Sikkeler / Coins struck in the name of Kanuni Sultan Suleyman
Publishing Info: Ankara : Türk Tarih Kurumu Basimevi, 1972. (reprinted 2000)
Series: Türk Tarih Kurum Yayinlarindan. VII. Seri-Sa ; 58
Physical Description: xvi, 96 p., 8 plates. : ill. ; 24 cm.
Language: Turkish and English
Summary: Coinage of Suleyman "The Magnificient", during whose reign the Ottoman Empire reached its peak. Arranged by mint, illustrated with full arabic legends and photo plates.
Keywords: COINAGE - SULEYMAN I

Authors: Artuk, Ibrahim and Cevriye Artuk
Title: Fatih'in Sikke ve Madalyalari
Publishing Info: Istanbul : Belediye Matbaasi, 1946.
Physical Description: 39 p., 9 leaves of plates : ill. ; 25 cm.
Language: Turkish
Summary: Coinage of Mehmet "The Conqueror". Illustrated.
Keywords: COINAGE, MEDALS - MEHMET II

Authors: Artuk, Ibrahim and Cevriye Artuk.
Title: Istanbul Arkeoloji Muezeleri Teshirdeki Islami Sikkeler Katalogu. [I and II]
Publishing Info: Istanbul: Milli Egitim Basimevi, 1971-1974.
Physical Description: 2 volumes.
Language: Turkish
Summary: A catalogue of Islamic coins in the Istanbul Archaeological Museum, with emphasis on Anatolian coinage (including Ottoman Empire). Written out Arabic legends and photo plates.
Keywords: COINAGE

[Istinpolin]

Part 6

Authors: Buttrey, T. V., Ann Johnston, Kenneth M. MacKenzie, and Michael L. Bates.
Title: Greek, Roman, and Islamic Coins from Sardis.
Publishing Info: Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981.
Series: Archaeological Exploration of Sardis,  Monograph 7
Physical Description: xxix, 274 p. : ill., 10 plates. ; 28 1/2 cm
Language: English
Summary: Coin finds from archeological excavations in Sardis, Turkey, including some Ottoman copper. Photo plates.
Keywords: COINAGE - COPPER/MANGIR/PUL

Author: Caglar, Osman Nazim.
Title: Son 7 padisah Zamaninda Basilan Bütün Osmanli Madeni Paralari
Publishing Info: Turkey, 1983? Limited numbered printing of 250 copies.
Series: Dundar Numismatik Yayinlari No:2
Physical Description: 364 p.: ill.; 14 cm.
Language: Turkish
Summary: VERY useful pocket guide to the coinage of the last 7 Ottoman Sultans (starting with Mahmud II 1223/1808). Listings by mint, type, and year (gold coins listed in a separate section), with weight/diameter figures and rarity scale. No photos, but lots of well-done line drawings.
Keywords: COINAGE

Author: Edhem, Halil.
Title: Meskukat-i Kadime-i Islamiye Katalogu, Meskukat-i Osmaniye.
Publishing Info: Konstantiniye (Constantinople), 1334 (1915).
Series: Catalogue of Coins of the Imperial Ottoman Museum, Part 6.
Physical Description: 443 p., ill, 12 pls. ; 25 cm.
Language: [Ottoman] Turkish
Summary: Early catalog of Ottoman coinage, from the Imperial Ottoman Museum. Written out legends and photo plates.
Keywords: COINAGE - COLLECTIONS

Author: Erel, Serafettin.
Title: Nadir Birkac Sikke. [1-4]
Publishing Info:  Istanbul, 1963, 1967, 1970, 1973.
Physical Description: 4 volumes.
Language: Turkish
Summary: 4 volume series on rare Turkish coinage, including Ottoman.
Keywords: COINAGE

Author: Ghalib, Ismail.
Title: Takvim-i Meskukat-i Osmaniye
Publishing Info: Konstantiniye (Constantinople), 1307/1891.
Physical Description: 503 p. : 12 pls. ; 25 cm. (?)
Language: [Ottoman] Turkish
Summary: Early catalog of Ottoman coinage, from a private collection. Written-out legends and some photos.
Keywords: COINAGE

[Istinpolin]

Part 7

Author: Kabaklarli, Necdet.
Title: Mangir : Osmanli imparatorlugu Bakir Paralari / Copper Coins of Ottoman Empire, 1299-1808
Publishing Info: Istanbul : Usaklilar egitim ve kültür vakfi, 1998.
Series: Usaklilar egitim ve kültür vakfi yayinlari ; no. 1
Physical Description: xii, 563 p., 67 p. of plates : ill., maps, plates ; 28 cm. bib. p. 23-26
Languages: Turkish and English
Summary: Extensive catalog of Ottoman copper coinage (mangir/pul). Transliterated legends, line drawings and photo plates.
Keywords: COINAGE - COPPER/MANGIR/PUL

Author: Kocaer, Remzi.
Title: Osmanli Altinlari / Gold Coins of the Ottoman Empire
Publishing Info: Istanbul, 1967.
Physical Description: 191 p. : ill. ; 16 cm.
Languages: Turkish and English
Summary: Nice large book that focuses on Ottoman gold issues. Illustrated.
Keywords: COINAGE - GOLD

Author: Kolerkiliç, Ekrem.
Title: Osmanli imparatorlugunda Para
Publishing Info: Ankara : Dogu Ltd. Sirketi Matbaasi, 1958.
Physical Descritption: 180 p., [5] leaves of plates : ill. ; 25 cm. bib. 163-164.
Language: Turkish (some quotations in Ottoman Turkish)
Summary: Coins of the Ottoman Empire. Illustrated.
Keywords: COINAGE

Author: Kürkman, Garo.
Title: Ottoman Silver Marks
Publication Info: Istanbul : Mathusalem Publications, c1996.
Physical Description: 293 p. : col. ill. ; 32cm.
Language: English
Summary: Illustrated.
Keywords: COINAGE - SILVER, COINAGE - MINTMARKS, INSCRIPTIONS

Author: Lane-Poole, Stanley.
Title: Catalog of Oriental Coins in the British Museum.
Publishing Info: Originally published by the British Museum, London, 1875-1890. Reprinted by Forni Editore, Bologna, 1967.
Physical Description: 10 volumes
Language: English
Summary: Volume VII - Coins of Bukhara [Transoxania] from the time of Timur to the Present Day (includes Ottoman Kashgar); Volume VIII - Coins of the Turks (includes Ottoman Empire); Volume X - Additions to Volumes V-VIII
Keywords: COINAGE - COLLECTIONS

Author: Mackenzie, Kenneth M. and Samuel Lachman
Title: Countermarks of the Ottoman Empire, 1880-1922
Publishing Info: London: Hawkins Pub. 1974.
Physical Desription: 56 pp. ill., plates, map.
Language: English
Summary: 19th-20th century countermarked coinage (Greek, Arabic, Hebrew). Illustrated.
Keywords: COINAGE - COUNTERMARKS

Author: Ölçer, Cüneyt
Title: Son Alti Osmanli Padisahi Zamaninda Istanbulda Basilan Gumus Paralar.
Publishing Info: Yenilik Basimevi, Istanbul, 1966.
Series: #1
Physical Description: 64 p., 18 pls. ; 24 cm.
Language: Turkish
Summary: Silver coinage minted in Constantinople (Istanbul) by the last six Sultans. Tugras, mintage figures, rarity tables and photo plates.
Keywords: COINAGE - SILVER

Author: Ölçer, Cüneyt
Title: Yildirim Bayezid'in Ogullarina Ait Akce ve Mangirlar
Publishing Info: Yenilik Basimevi, Istanbul, 1968.
Series: #2
Physical Description: 116, 16 p., 8 leaves of plates : ill., map ; 24 cm. bib. p. 116
Languages: Turkish and English
Summary: The coinage of Yildirim Bayezid's 5 sons (Emir Suleyman Çelebi, Isa Çelebi, Musa Çelebi, Mustafa Çelebi and Mehmet Çelebi--later Mehmet I, "The Conqueror"). Line drawings and photo plates.
Keywords: COINAGE - EMiR SULEYMAN ÇELEBi, iSA ÇELEBi, MUSA ÇELEBi, MUSTAFA ÇELEBi,  MEHMET ÇELEBi (MEHMET I), COINAGE - AKÇE, COINAGE - COPPER/MANGIR/PUL

[Istinpolin]

Part 8

Author: Ölçer, Cüneyt.
Title: Sultan Mahmud II Zamaninda Darp Edilen Osmanli Madeni Paralari.
Publishing Info: Yenilik Basimevi, Istanbul, 1970.
Series: #3
Physical Description: 150 p., 16 pls. : ill., tables, map ; 24 cm. bib. p. 128
Languages: Turkish and English
Summary: Coinage of Mahumud II (1223-1255AH/1808-1839AD). Descriptions and transliterated legends, rarity ratings, mint/type/date charts, line drawings and photo plates.
Keywords: COINAGE - MAHMUD II

Author: Ölçer, Cüneyt.
Title: Sultan Mahmud II Zamaninda Darp Edilen Osmanli Madeni Paralari (3 No.'li Kitaba Ek)
Publishing Info: Istanbul, 1990.
Series: #3/II
Physical Description:
Languages: Turkish and English
Summary: Supplement to the original work, additional listings.
Keywords: COINAGE - MAHMUD II

Author: Ölçer, Cüneyt
Title: Sovyet Rusya Muzelerindeki (Moskova ve Leningrad) Nadir Osmanli Madeni Paralari / Rare Ottoman Coins at Soviet Russian Museums (Moscow and Leningrad).
Publishing Info: Yenilik Basimevi, Istanbul, 1972.
Series: #4
Physical Description: 64 p., 5 pls. : ill.
Languages: Turkish and English
Summary: Catalog of Ottoman coinage in the musuems of Moscow and Leningrad. Line drawings and photo plates.
Keywords: COINAGE - COLLECTIONS

Author: Ölçer, Cüneyt.
Title: Nakish Osmanli Mangirlari / The Ornamental Copper Coinage of the Ottoman Empire. Publishing Info: Yenilik Basimevi, Istanbul, 1975.
Series: #5.
Physical Description: 188, 16 p., 8 pls. : ill., map ; 22 cm. bib p. 188
Languages: Turkish and English
Summary: Ottoman copper coinage (mangir/pul)--over 1000 line drawings as well as some photo plates.
Keywords: COINAGE - COPPER/MANGIR/PUL

Author: Ölçer, Cüneyt.
Title: Sultan Abdulmecid devri Osmanli madeni paralari / Ottoman coinage during the reign of Sultan Abdulmecid Han
Publication Info: Istanbul: Yenilik Basimevi, 1978.
Series: #6
Physcial Description: 119, 47 p., 6 pls. : ill., tables. ; 24 cm. bib. p. 120.
Languages: Turkish and English
Summary: Coinage of Sultan Abdul Mecid (1255-1277AH/1839-1861AD). Descriptions and transliterated legends, rarity ratings, mint/type/date charts, line drawings and photo plates.
Keywords: COINAGE - ABDUL MECiD

Author: Ölçer, Cüneyt.
Title: Sultan Abdulaziz Han Devri Osmanli MadeniParalari/Ottoman Coinage During the Reign of Sultan Abdulaziz Han
Publication Info: Istanbul: Yenilik Basimevi, 1979.
Series: #7
Physical Description: 144, 29 p., 6 pls. : ill., tables. ; 24 cm. bib.
Languages: Turkish and English
Summary: Coinage of Sultan Abdul Aziz (1277-1293AH/1861-1876AD). Descriptions and transliterated legends, rarity ratings, mint/type/date charts, line drawings and photo plates.
Keywords: COINAGE - ABDUL AZiZ

Author: Ölçer, Cüneyt.
Title: Avrupa Muzelerinde Nadir Osmanli Madeni Paralari (Kopenhag, Budapeste, Ashmolean, Viyana, Munih, Berlin, Leningrad) / Rare Ottoman Coins at European Museums (Kopenhagen, Budapest, Ashmolean, Vienna, Munich, Berlin, Leningrad)
Publication Info: Istanbul: Yenilik Basimevi, 1984.
Series: #9
Physical Description: 96 p., 7 pls. : ill.; 24 cm. bib.
Languages: Turkish and English
Summary: Ottoman coinage in 7 European museums: Nationalmuseet Mønt og Medaillesamling (Copenhagen, Denmark); Magyar Nemzeti Muzeum (Budapest, Hungary); the Ashmolean (Oxford University, UK);. Kunsthistorisches Museum (Vienna, Austria); Staatliche Museen, Münzkabinett (Berlin, Germany) Staatliche Münzsammlung (Munich, Germany); and the Hermitage (Leningrad, Russia). Line drawings and transliterations of legends as well as photos.
Keywords: COINAGE - COLLECTIONS

[Istinpolin]

Part 9

Author: Ölçer, Cüneyt.
Title: Sultan Murad V ve Sultan Abdulhamid II Donemi Osmanli Madeni Paralari / Ottoman coinage during the reigns of Sultan Murad V and Sultan Abdülhamid II
Publication Info: Istanbul: Yenilik Basimevi, 1986.
Series: #11
Physical Description: 143, 28 p : ill. ; 24 cm.
Languages: Turkish and English
Summary: Coinage of Sultans Murad V (1293AH/1876AH) and Abdul Hamid II (1293-1327AH/1876-1909AD). Descriptions and transliterated legends, rarity ratings, mint/type/date charts, line drawings and photo plates.
Keywords: COINAGE - MURAD V, COINAGE - ABDUL HAMUD II

Author: Ölçer, Cüneyt
Title: Darphane Muzesi Osmanli Madeni Paralari Katalogu / Catalogue of Ottoman Coins in the National Mint Museum.
Publishing Info: Istanbul : Damga Matbaasi, 1985.
Physical Description: 160 p., 15 leaves of plates : ill. ; 24 cm
Languages: Turkish and English
Summary: Catalog of the nearly 4000 Ottoman coins in the Darphane museum. Basically an inventory listing, although there are some line drawings of major types and a table of mints.
Keywords: COINAGE - COLLECTIONS

Author: Ölçer, Cüneyt
Title: Sultan Mehmed Resad ve Sultan Mehmed Vahdeddin Donemi Osmanli Madeni Paralari / Ottoman Coinage during the Reigns of Sultan Mehmed Resad and Sultan Mehmed Vahdeddin
Publishing Info: Istanbul: Yenilik Basimevi, 1987.
Serires: #12
Physical Description: 112, 40 p., 6 pls. ; 24 cm. bib.
Languages: Turkish and English
Summary: Coinage of the last two sultans, Mehmed V and Mehmed VI. Descriptions and transliterated legends, rarity ratings, mint/type/date charts, line drawings and photo plates.
Keywords: COINAGE - MEHMED V (RESAD), COINAGE - MEHMED VI (VAHDEDDIN)

Author: Ölçer, Cüneyt
Title: Sultan Yavuz Selim Sah bin Bayazid Han Dönemi Osmanli Sikkeleri / Ottoman Coinage During the Reign of Yavuz Sultan Selim I
Publishing Info: Istanbul : Yenilik Basimevi, 1989.
Series: #13
Physical Description:  191, 64 p., 15 p. of plates : ill. ; 24 cm. bib. p. 189-190.
Languages: Turkish and English
Summary: Coinage of Sultan Selim I. Line drawings and photos.

Author: Ölçer, Cüneyt
Title: Son Alti Osmanli Padisahi Madeni Paralari
Publishing Info: Istanbul, 199?
Physical Description: 500+p
Language: Turkish
Summary: Compilation of the author's four previous works, volumes 6,7,11, and 12, covering the last 6 Ottoman sultans.
Keywords: COINAGE

Author: Özden, Betül
Title: Nadir Osmanli Sikke, Nisan ve Madalyalari, 7 Ekim - 5 Kasim 1999 : Istanbul Arkeoloji Müzeleri Koleksiyonu.
Publication Info: Istanbul : Istanbul Arkeoloji Müzeleri, 1999.
Physical Description: 80 p. : ill.; 27 cm. bib.
Language: Turkish
Summary: Catalog of the 1999 exhibition of rare Ottoman coins, medals, and decorations at the Istanbul Archeological Museum. Lots of (mostly colour) photos.
Keywords: COINAGE - COLLECTIONS

Author: Pavo, Elemer.
Title: Török Penzek a Hodoltsag Kori Magyarorszagon / Ottoman Coins That Circulated In Hungary
Publishing Info: Budpapest : Magyar Numizmatikai Tarsulat, 1986.
Physical Description: ill., maps
Languages: Hungarian and English
Summary:  An introduction to Ottoman coinage that circulated in Hungary. Liine drawings of the coins and transliterated legends, as well as mint names and maps.
Keywords: COINAGE - HUNGARY

Author: Pere, Nuri.
Title: Osmanlilarda Madeni Paralar
Publishing Info: Istanbul, 1968.
Physical Desription: 310 p. : 96 pls. ; 25 cm. bib.
Language: Turkish
Summary: Catalog of coins Ottoman coins in the Yapi ve Kredi Bankasi collection in Istanbul. Full descriptions with transliterated/translated legends and photo plates. Along with Jem Sultan, a standard reference collection.
Keywords: COINAGE - COLLECTIONS

Author: Roudometof, Nikos
Title: Topika Nomismata Ståen an. Makedonia 1880-1910
Publishing Info: Kavala, 1991. Distributed by Numismata Orientalia, Tenafly NJ.
Physical Description:  146 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 25 cm.
Language: Greek and/or Macedonian?
Summary: Coinage in eastern Macedonia (Ottoman coins with Greek countermarks), 1880-1910.
Keywords: COINAGE - COUNTERMARKS, COINAGE - MACEDONIA

Author: Schaendlinger, Anton Cornelius
Title: Osmanische Numismatik. Von den Anfängen des Osmanischen Reichs bis zu seiner Anflösung 1922
Publishing Info: Braunschweig : Klinkhardt & Biermann, 1973.
Series: Handbücher der mittelasiatischen Numismatik, Bd. III.
Physical Description: 178 p. : 17 pls. ; 25 1/2 cm.
Summary: Introduction to Ottoman coinage; list of mints (including historical background, Sultans, dates and types).
Keywords: COINAGE

[Istinpolin]

Part 10

Author: Sreckovic, Slobodan
Title: Osmalijski Novac Kovan Na Tlu Juguslavije
Publishing Info: Belgrade, 1987. Limited printing of 500 copies.
Physical Description:  202 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. bib. p. 203.
Languages: Serbo-Croatian, English, and Turkish
Summary: Ottoman Empire coinage struck in the former Yugoslavia (Bana Luka, Belgrade, Kratova, Kucayne, Nova Birda, Ohri, Sarayevo, (Bosna), Uskup and Srebirnice) during the reigns of 14 Ottoman Sultans, from Murad II (1404-1451) to Sulayman II (1642-1691). Historical background, written out legends (with variations), line drawings and photos of the coins.
Keywords: COINAGE - YUGOSLAVIA

Author: Sreckovic, Slobodan (with editorial assistance of Tom Clarke and Kenneth MacKenzie)
Title: Akches. Vol. 1, Osman Gazi - Murad II, 699-848 AH
Publishing Info: Belgrade, 1999.
Physical Description: 190 p. : ill., 1 map, ports. ; 24 cm. Bib. p. 187-188.
Language: English
Summary: First in a several part series, the most detailed work on akçes ever undertaken. All known types and die varieties from all known mints are described an illustrated by detailed line drawings and photos. Impressive work!
Keywords: COINAGE - AKÇE

Author: Sreckovic, Slobodan. (with editorial assistance from Tom Clarke)
Title: Akches. Vol. 2, Mehmed II Fatih - Selim I Yavuz, 848-926 AH.
Publishing Info: Belgrade, 2000.
Physical Description: 186 p. : ill., 22 pls. tabs., ports. ; 24 cm. bib. 181-182.
Language: English
Summary: Second volume in the series (see above).
Keywords: COINAGE - AKÇE

Author: Sreckovic, Slobodan
Title: Ottoman Mints & Coins
Publishing Info: Belgrade, 2002 [ISBN 86-902045-3-9]
Physical Description: 248 p. : ill., maps; 21 cm. Bib. 225-233.
Language: English
Summary: A detailed study of all known Ottoman mints; map, illustrated variations of the name, and a         listing of all known coinage for each mint. Excellent reference!

Author: Stepkova, Jarmila.
Title: Coins of the Osmanli Sultans in the Coin-hoards Found on Czechoslovak Territory.
Publishing Info: Prague : Annals of the Naprstek Museum, 1963.
Physical Description: [50]p. 5 pl., map. 24cm. 1c.
Language: English?
Summary: Ottoman coinage found in Czechoslovakian hoards.
Keywords: COINAGE - CZECHOSLOVAKIA

Author: Sultan, Jem. [William Holberton]
Title: The Ever Victorious : A Beginner's Guide To Ottoman Empire Numismatics.
Publishing Info: Santa Monica, CA, 1971.
Physical Description: 96 p. : ill., 5 pls.
Language: English
Summary: Identification guide; some line drawings and photos included.
Keywords: COINAGE

Author: Sultan, Jem. [Holberton, William]
Title: Coins of the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish Republic : A Detailed Catalogue of the Jem Sultan Collection.
Publishing Info: Thousand Oaks, CA : B. & R. Pub., 1977.  Limited Printing of 200 copies.
Physical Description: 2 v. : ill., 353 pls. ; 26 cm.
Language: English
Summary: Catalog of the famous "Jem Sultan" collection of William Holberton, acquired by the American Numismatic Society in 1997. Vol. 1. Text -- vol. 2. Plates. Along with Nuri Pere, the standard reference collection.
Keywords: COINAGE - COLLECTIONS

[Istinpolin]

Author: Valentine, W. H.
Title: Modern Copper Coins of the Muhammadan States of Turkey, Persia, Egypt, Afghanistan, Morocco, Tripoli, Tunis, etc..
Publishing Info: London : Spink & son, ltd., 1911. (reprinted 2000?)
Physical Description: 2 p. l., 203, [1] p. : front., ill., maps ; 25 cm.
Lanuage: English
Summary: Catalog of copper Middle Eastern copper coinage, including Ottoman Empire issues; the text is all hand-written and is accompanied by meticulous line drawings.
Keywords: COINAGE - COPPER/MANGIR/PUL

Author: Wilski, Hans
Title: Countermarks on Ottoman Coins
Publishing Info: Gütersloh, Germany : Münzhandel und Verlag B. Strothotte, c1995.
Physical Description: x, 331 p. : ill. ; 25 cm. bib. p. 331.
Language: English
Summary: Extensive catalog of countermarks, supercedes previous work by MacKenzie and Lachman.
Keywords: COINAGE - COUNTERMARKS

Author: Yapi ve Kredi Bankasi (corporate author)
Title: Nadir Osmanli Madeni Paralari / Rare Ottoman Coins
Publishing Info: Istanbul, 1972.
Series: Numismatik Yayinlari ; No. 1
Physical Description: 18 p. : pl.
Languages: Turkish and English
Summary: First of three booklets illustrating rare Ottoman coins in the Yapi Kredi collection. Photo plates.
Keywords: COINAGE

Author: Yapi ve Kredi Bankasi (corporate author)
Title: Nadir Osmanli Madeni Paralari / Rare Ottoman Coins
Publishing Info: Istanbul, 1973.
Series: Numismatik Yayinlari ; No. 5
Physical Description: 13 p. : ill, 4 pl.
Languages: Turkish and English
Summary: Second of three booklets illustrating rare Ottoman coins in the Yapi Kredi collection. Photo plates.
Keywords: COINAGE

Author: Yapi ve Kredi Bankasi (corporate author)
Title: Nadir Osmanli Madeni Paralari / Rare Ottoman Coins
Publishing Info: Istanbul, 1976.
Series: Numismatik Yayinlari ; No. 9
Physical Description: 15 p. : ill., 2 pl.
Languages: Turkish and English
Summary: Third of three booklets illustrating rare Ottoman coins in the Yapi Kredi collection. Photo plates.
Keywords: COINAGE

Corporate Author: Yapi Kredi. (Brian Johnson, editor)
Title: "Saltanatin iki Yüzü" : Yazi ve Tugra / "Heads and Tails" : the Two Faces of Sovereignty
Publishing Info: Istanbul : Yapi Kredi Kültür Merkezi, 1995.
Physical Description: 123 p. : col. ill. ; 29 cm. bib. p. 123
Series: Yapi Kredi Sikke Koleksiyonu Sergileri ; 4
Languages: Turkish and English
Summary: Catalog of 4th exhibition of Yapi Kredi coin collection. Tranliterated and translated legends, enlarged colour photos.
Keywords: COINAGE - COLLECTIONS, EXHIBITIONS

[Istinpolin]

Part 11

Important websites

Apart from books, the other most important thing to do is of course ask questions and look up your questions online first.

Here are some useful links you may consider looking up:
http://www.zeno.ru/showgallery.php?cat=580
The Zeno gallery of Ottoman coins. Currently there are more than 600 coins there. You can look up my collection of coins if you go to search and type bcebeci.

[BROKEN LINKS REMOVED BY ADMIN]

If you have any questions or would like me to add anything please let me know about it.

Best wishes,
Burak Cebeci

[Konstantinos G. F]

Hello.  I have read your post. Very informative. I am trying to find information on the Sakiz mint in particular. I know there are at least 4 different Sultans to issue Sultani there:  Süleyman, Selim II, Mehmet III, and Murad III.  At least to the best of my knowledge. Does anyone know if there any others?  If others, please let me know. Also, I know that at least Mehmet III issued Acke in Sakiz. Any other Sultans?  Any other known denominations from Sakiz?

I can’t seem to find any informative text emphasising Sakiz.  Any ideas?

Lastly, I believe a sultani was issued is Smyrna?  Anyone know by whom?  More than one Sultan?  More than just this denomination?  Thanks for any help anyone can provide to me in advance. Thank you.

Konstantinos