Blundered MintmarkThe following coins of Arados were struck between 115-113 B.C (era date 145-146) and belong to série 7, 8 & 10. For those of you acquainted with the
Phoenician alphabet and in particularly that of Arados, the letters highlighted in the image below will appear extremely unusual (No.1-4). Coins struck two years prior and after show no signs of irregularities, as a reference i have added two samples of these coins to the image below (No.5-6)
[1]. If we begin with the highlighted letters on coins 1 to 4, at first glance they seem to resemble beth & nun but mirror imaged. I suppose one could possibly categorise these letters has being blundered, but perhaps there is a more logical explanation for this oddity
[2]. After checking reference books and the coins in my
collection for similar formed letters, no coins struck before or after the aforementioned dates were found. I then began to think along the lines of travelling engraver, someone specifically brought in to produce dies for the three series mentioned above
[3]. This idea prompted me to look further afield and so i started comparing the Sidonian and Tyrian alphabets.
Highlighted letter right, nun ?After many hours of studying the numerous varieties of lettering, i found one version of the Sidonian letter nun which was almost identical but written with the usual rotation. The second was the Tyrian letter sadhe, also extremely similar with a rotation closely matching that of coins 1-4.
Highlighted letter left, beth [4] ?Towards the end of G.Hills introduction to
BMC Phoenicia are the alphabets of all the major Phoenician cities, listed under the city of Tyre is a mirror imaged letter resh
[5].
On page 69 of
Duyrat 2005 (Arados Hellénistique), the author of the book understandably questioned both of these disputed letters but could not decipher their meaning
[6].
Series 7,8 & 10 in
Duyrat 2005 are numbered as follows;
série 7 - No.2447-2455 / série 8 - No.2542-2543 / série 10 - No.4383-4386.In my opinion the chances of blundered lettering occurring on all three series over a period of two years is highly unlikely, unless it was intentional and included as
part of a makers/engravers mark. If the engraver originated from Tyre then the letters could feasibly be mem, yodh followed by sadhe & resh.
I feel these coins will inevitably remain a mystery but hopefully in the not too distant future, i will have the opportunity to study the
BNF coins in hand at the
Paris Museum.
For the purposes of
attribution, i have opted for the following combination of letters, mem, yodh, taw & sadhe. I made this decision purely on gut feeling and for want of a better solution.
[1] No other issues spanning the Persian or Hellenistic period of Arados have similar letters on them.
[2] If the letters were blundered, why didn´t the city leaders stop the production of coins after era date 145 coins were issued ?
[3] Possibly someone from the Aradian dependences or elsewhere in
Phoenicia.
[4] We can almost certainly discount a blundered or mirror imaged beth, below the era date on coin 3 is a perfectly formed letter beth in combination with the disputed letter.
[5] I feel this option needs to be overlooked, see tail of disputed letter on coins 1-4.
[6] The letters reference in
Duyrat 2005; M, Y, N?, S[ts]? or mem, yodh, nun & sadhe.
Listed below are the 10 known samples of série 7 with disputed letters.
Arados 115-113 B.C (145/146), dans le champ droit : B ; à l’exergue : M, Y, T ?, TS ?
115-114 B.C1. 2447 D82-R154,
collection A. Ronde,
Paris. 18,1 mm.
2. 2448 D82-R155,
Berlin. 3,47 g, 18,6 mm.
3. 2449 D82-R156,
New York,
ANS 1944 100 70661
Newell. 4,30 g, 18,0 mm.
4. 2450 D82-R156,
collection W.
Moore,
New York.
114-113 B.C5. D82-R156, Stockholm, collection Martin Rowe No.QX. 5.16 g, 16,99 mm. (Coin No.4 scroll down to images below)
6. 2451 D82-R157?,
Elsen J., Bruxelles, liste 29, fév. 1981, n 13. 7,29 g.
7. 2452 D83-R?,
SNG Copenhague,
Phoenicia, no 67. 4,36 g.
8. 2453 D84-R158, Londres, BM, 1930 2 6 13 E.
Rogers. 3,20 g, 16,8 mm.
9. 2454 D85-R159,
New York,
ANS 1944 100 70662
Newell. 4,32 g, 17,1 mm.
10. 2455 D?-R?,
SNG Fitzwilliam,
Cambridge, no 6015. 5,06 g.
I would like to thank
BNF for allowing the use of their images, coins 1, 2, 4, 5 & 6.
Your opinions are welcome.
https://phoeniciancoins.wordpress.com/2017/01/16/blundered-mintmark-or-travelling-die-engraver/