I found an interesting article on the world wide web about ancient
portraits. This is
part of a chapter about
roman emperors becoming older:
'Among
portraits of
Roman emperors, it is exceptional because it was never updated to show
Augustus’s increasing age. In fact, because of the lack of signs of age and its serene expression, modern scholars have labeled it Classical in reference to ideal images created in 5th-century
Greece and have compared it to Polykleitos’s Doryphoros. The subsequent emperors of the
Julio-Claudian family followed the path set by
Augustus. They maintained likenesses that are recognizable as individuals but that avoid signs of old age. No
portrait of
Livia,
Augustus’s wife, was ever issued showing her as an old woman; the same holds true for the emperor
Tiberius. The first official
portrait type of
Claudius, which was created when he was 51, featured only modest signs of age. The last
portrait type of
Nero diverges most greatly from all other images of the family in that it shows a particularly fat young
man with a fanciful, modish hairstyle and an upturned glance. All three of these characteristics—ample physique, long hair, and a lofty gaze—appear to derive from the
portraits of Hellenistic kings. The first
Flavian emperor,
Vespasian, was already 60 when he came to power.
His official
portrait type stands in contrast to that of
Nero in that it shows an old
man whose signs of age—for instance, the toothless mouth and crow’s-feet around the eyes—are emphasized.
His image is frequently interpreted as a conscious return to the
republican past and veristic
sculpture, which was adopted in order to separate him from the failures of
Nero, the last classicizing
Julio-Claudian. The stylistic definition of this
type of image, however, is modern, and in
Antiquity it was the content of the
portrait that was important. Rather than a young, spoiled, fashionable, and perhaps regal
man,
Vespasian appeared to be old, experienced, hardworking, and traditional. The
portraits of
his young or middleaged sons and successors,
Titus and
Domitian, do not strikingly differ from their
Julio-Claudian predecessors (with the exception of the last
portrait type of
Nero)'.