Those are relatively deep gouges into a hard brass-like
alloy. I think it would take a metal file or steel wire brush and not just sandpaper, even from a belt sander. [Besides belt-sanders are for belt-sander racing and not coin cleaning.]
I have some coins with an even worse cleaning. The relief is all flattened bright copper while fields are
still covered in dark green encrustations. In a few cases I have wondered if they were done on a grinding wheel!!!
But to be safe have you looked under magnification? I also have some coins with similar marks where the marks are clearly ancient - i.e. partially under encrustations/corrosion.
Shawn