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Author Topic: Hollow Cast Lead Heads from Caesarea Maritima  (Read 1507 times)

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Offline v-drome

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Hollow Cast Lead Heads from Caesarea Maritima
« on: May 23, 2021, 08:21:44 pm »
Hi, all.  Here is a another set of interesting lead artifacts, along the lines of the lead amphorae posted earlier, found along the beach near Caesarea in the late 1960's and 70's.  They are in the form of miniature heads, apparently meant to be crimped on to a shaft or other type of object.  My father thought he recalled seeing a similar one attached to an iron blade at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, many years ago, but I have not been able to confirm this.  The thought is that these could have been pommels for small ceremonial daggers awarded to military officers or other dignitaries.  They all have different features and adornments, which sort of reminds me of the different types and features of the horsemen on the FEL TEMP coins, perhaps commemorating victories against the various enemies of Rome.  They all have external mold lines, and smooth interiors with no trace of a seam, so I think they were made in a two part mold using the "slush casting" technique to produce hollow spaces.  At least one type (BCC LH6 and LH7) is known from three identical specimens, all from the same mold, all from Caesarea.  I will be posting the individual objects over the next few days, and anyone having or knowing of similar objects is encouraged to post them along with other ideas or comments.  We are hoping to eventually have these published in a volume which would include lead objects from a number of collections comprised of material from Caesarea, shedding light on what was obviously a major industrial and cultural aspect of the ancient city.  Any corrections or additions to the descriptions and suggestions on the possible ethnic origins of the identifying features would also be most appreciated.
Thanks, V-drome
(click for larger pic)

Offline v-drome

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Re: Hollow Cast Lead Heads from Caesarea Maritima
« Reply #1 on: May 23, 2021, 08:30:14 pm »
BCC LH1
Miniature Lead Head
1st-4th Century CE?
Cast lead figure of a miniature stylized head, possibly crimped on to a
shaft or tang?  This specimen is unusual in that it is slightly larger and
heavier than the other heads,and the face is flat with a hollow neck.
My father recalled seeing a similar object with an iron blade attached to
it at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, but I have not been
able to confirm this.
49 x 23 x 9.5mm.  32.28gm.
Surface find, 1976, Caesarea Maritima

Offline v-drome

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Re: Hollow Cast Lead Heads from Caesarea Maritima
« Reply #2 on: May 23, 2021, 08:45:46 pm »
BCC LH2
Miniature Lead Head
1st-4th Century CE?
Hollow cast lead figure of a miniature stylized head.
Crushed flat, but otherwise well preserved.  This artifact
is part of a collection of similar objects now being studied. 
I hope to have a more complete explanation of these
mysterious items in the future.  It is interesting that the
various pieces in this collection have different facial features,
hair styles, and head coverings.  They remind me of the many
different representations of the enemies of Rome on the
"FEL TEMP REPARATIO" coins.
31 x 22 x 5mm.  8.79gm.
Surface find, 1974, Caesarea Maritima

Offline v-drome

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Re: Hollow Cast Lead Heads from Caesarea Maritima
« Reply #3 on: May 23, 2021, 09:33:28 pm »
BCC LH3
Miniature Lead Head
1st-4th Century CE?
Hollow cast lead figure of a miniature stylized head.
Pierced from the back, and possibly crimped on to a
shaft or tang?  This specimen is unusual among the known
assemblage of these strange objects in that the mold was
prepared along the front and back sides rather than the left
and right sides.  The interior is smooth with no sign of a seam.
Small hole in back, cf. BCC LH9
36.5 x 21.5 x 15mm.  19.02gm.
Surface find, 1974, Caesarea Maritima
(click for larger pic)

Offline v-drome

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Re: Hollow Cast Lead Heads from Caesarea Maritima
« Reply #4 on: May 24, 2021, 05:44:47 pm »
BCC LH4
Miniature Lead Head
1st-4th Century CE?
Hollow cast lead figure of a miniature stylized head, perhaps
wearing a Phrygian? cap or helmet.  Apparently it was fitted
onto a shaft, or tang.  The interior is smooth with no traces
of a seam.  The method of casting may be a technique known
as "slush casting" in a two-part mold.  The function of these
artifacts remains uncertain at this time.
41.5 x 19 x 11mm.  18.64gm.
Surface find, 1975, Caesarea Maritima

Offline Serendipity

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Re: Hollow Cast Lead Heads from Caesarea Maritima
« Reply #5 on: May 24, 2021, 07:51:56 pm »
Fascinating pieces, albeit gruesome if they are modelled on the severed heads of Rome’s enemies. I’m intrigued by how many of these miniature lead heads were found with topknots. If you think about it, and I hope nobody reading this is of a squeamish disposition, but it would have probably been more convenient for Roman soldiers to hold most of these freshly severed heads before spiking by the hair pulled into a topknot.

Offline v-drome

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Re: Hollow Cast Lead Heads from Caesarea Maritima
« Reply #6 on: May 24, 2021, 08:32:07 pm »
BCC LH5
Miniature Lead Head
1st-4th Century CE
Hollow cast lead figure of a miniature stylized head.
Damaged and crushed flat, it may have been fitted to a
shaft, or tang.  This is one of the smallest of the lead heads
in this collection of nine similar objects.
31 x 12 x 6mm.  9.42gm.
Surface find, 1973, Caesarea Maritima

Offline SC

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Re: Hollow Cast Lead Heads from Caesarea Maritima
« Reply #7 on: May 25, 2021, 08:34:05 am »
Super objects!  Lead items seem to be very regional in style.  I have not seen anything like this from elsewhere.

Totally different stuff from the Danube region.

SC
SC
(Shawn Caza, Ottawa)

Offline v-drome

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Re: Hollow Cast Lead Heads from Caesarea Maritima
« Reply #8 on: May 28, 2021, 06:15:54 pm »
BCC LH6
Miniature Lead Head
1st-4th Century CE?
Hollow cast lead figure of a miniature stylized head.
Inscribed around:  KAΛOK-AIPOC.  Identical to and
from the same mold as BCC LH7.  A third identical
specimen was observed in the collection of Dr. H.
and Mrs A. Hamburger, of  Binyamina.  I believe
KAΛOKAIPOC is a personal name, which may(?) also
be translated as "summer" or "in a good time".  Other
ideas are welcome.  I am not an expert in the Greek language
(see note below).
38.5 x 22.5 x 13mm. 13.73gm.
Surface find, Caesarea Maritima, 1975

(Ηίθεον Καλόκαιρο, έχει τόδε
Anthologia  Inscriptionum graecarum,
Boeckhio, p. 410)
Note: The omicron in the anthology quote is
different in that it has a diacritical mark
that seems to change the meaning.

Offline v-drome

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Re: Hollow Cast Lead Heads from Caesarea Maritima
« Reply #9 on: May 28, 2021, 06:37:59 pm »
BCC LH7
Miniature Lead Head
Hollow cast lead figure of a miniature stylized head.
Inscribed around:  KAΛOK-AIPOC.  Identical to and
from the same mold as BCC LH6.  A third identical
specimen was observed in the collection of Dr. H.
and Mrs A. Hamburger, of  Binyamina.  I believe
KAΛOKAIPOC is a personal name, which may(?) also
be translated as "summer" or "in a good time".  Other
ideas are welcome.
37.5 x 21.5 x 11mm.  10.38gm.
Surface find, Caesarea Maritima, 1977
(click for larger pic)

Offline Joe Sermarini

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Re: Hollow Cast Lead Heads from Caesarea Maritima
« Reply #10 on: May 28, 2021, 09:47:28 pm »
Perhaps heads of puppets or dolls?
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Offline mauseus

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Re: Hollow Cast Lead Heads from Caesarea Maritima
« Reply #11 on: May 29, 2021, 02:38:44 am »
Hi,
I had one and sold it to a friend who already had a couple. He told me that, for the most part, they had a topknot in the hairstyle and therefore may represent gladiators. They could be a toy part or some sort of supporters item. The fact one of the ones you show may back that up.

Regards,

Mauseus

Offline v-drome

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Re: Hollow Cast Lead Heads from Caesarea Maritima
« Reply #12 on: May 29, 2021, 03:11:39 am »
I had not thought about toys or dolls.  Pretty scary/ugly dolls, but then so were "Punch and Judy" ;D . Maybe finger puppets?

Offline v-drome

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Re: Hollow Cast Lead Heads from Caesarea Maritima
« Reply #13 on: May 29, 2021, 03:42:18 am »
Hi, Mauseus.  You have an amazing gallery.  Love the "Cigar Box" collection!  Here is number 8, I have one more to post after this.  Anyone with similar objects is welcome to add them to this topic.

BCC LH8
Miniature Lead Head
1st-4th Century CE?
Hollow cast lead figure of a miniature stylized head.
It may have been fitted to a shaft, or tang.  The interior
of the object is relatively smooth and follows the contour
of the head, but there is no visible seam or other features.  The
method of casting may be a technique known as "slush casting"
in a two-part mold.  The function of these artifacts remains uncertain
at this time.
31 x 22.5 x 12mm. 15.09gm.
Surface find, 1973, Caesarea Maritima

Offline v-drome

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Re: Hollow Cast Lead Heads from Caesarea Maritima
« Reply #14 on: May 29, 2021, 04:04:29 am »
BCC LH9
Miniature Lead Head
1st-4th Century CE?
Hollow cast lead figure of a miniature stylized head.  This
is the last of 9 heads in the collection, all with varying styles and
attributes.  It may (?) have been fitted to a shaft, or tang.  The
interior of the object is relatively smooth and follows the contour
of the head, but there is no visible seam or other features inside. 
The method of casting may be a technique known as "slush casting"
in a two-part mold.  The function of these artifacts remains a mystery to me.
38 x 21.5 x 10mm. 19.13gm.
Surface find, 1977, Caesarea Maritima
(click for larger pic)

Offline v-drome

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Re: Hollow Cast Lead Heads from Caesarea Maritima
« Reply #15 on: January 05, 2023, 06:26:18 pm »
Thanks to our new Forum member, Pedro P, I am able to post this link to a lead head in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.  The head is attached to the hilt of a small (ceremonial?) dagger, around 16.7 cm. in length.  Of course, these objects may have had other uses, as well, but I think this is a very important clue.  Thanks, again, to all who have expressed an interest and contributed to this research!

Best regards, Jimi

https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/465356

Title: Dagger

Date: probably 3rd century
Geography: Made in Gaul
Culture: Late Roman
Medium: Iron, copper alloy, silver
Dimensions: Overall: 6 9/16 x 13/16 x 3/8 in. (16.7 x 2 x 1 cm)
hilt: 1 1/4 x 13/16 x 7/16 in. (3.2 x 2 x 1.1 cm)
mount: 5/8 x 9/16 x 1/4 in. (1.6 x 1.5 x 0.6 cm)
silver tip: 5/8 x 9/16 x 3/16 in. (1.6 x 1.4 x 0.5 cm)
Classification: Metalwork-Iron
Credit Line: Gift of J. Pierpont Morgan, 1917
Accession Number: 17.192.51

 

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