In working on this guide, it was fairly easy to create a structured and organized guide for coinage of Hetoum citing Kayqubad. However, issues citing Kaykhusraw are far more complex, and bibliography is less than satisfactory. Some of the more important studies on these, done by Bedoukian, contain some error, as the author had difficulties reading the dates, and some new discoveries have been made since the studies.Because of a limited amount of time availible on hand to me, I have decided to simplify this section of the project and instead provide a general guide.

As far as obverse fieldmarks go, I have chosen to ignore them on the guide to this page. They are far too numerous. While in the earlier issues they are few and simple, with the progression in time, they get complex and numerous. On the reverse, I ignored the various accent marks as well, as around the word "sultan." However, one should pay attention to these as these may aid in understanding the issue.

As far as inscriptions go - on the obverse of some specimens ՈՐ of the ԹԱԳԱՒՈՐ word is ligatured, I have not counted this. Nor have I counted the various engraving varieties of some Armenian letters as Յ but one should pay attention to them. Others may be missing one or two letters, which has also been ignored. As far as the reverse goes, the main inscription, naming the Seljuq sultan and his titles in three lines is the same. However, on margin, where the mint/date component is engraved, there is variety as to what goes in which quadrant. In some cases the letter "waw" or "ﻭ" may be in varying quadrants or missing. I chose to simply write out the full legend. This remains the same for 636-644 A.H.

DRAMS

1. 635 A.H. - The first recorded year of bilingual drams of Hetoum I and Kaykhusraw II. Bedoukian had published these, but unfortunately labelled them as "undated" along with those dated 636, and therefore, the obverse fieldmark combinations for these two years are mixed.

Image courtesy A. Nercissiantz. Wt. 2.98 gm.

2. 636 A.H. - The second recorded year of bilingual drams of Hetoum I and Kaykhusraw II. Bedoukian had published these, but unfortunately labelled them as "undated" along with those dated 635, and therefore, the obverse fieldmark combinations for these two years are mixed. Also the reverse margin is quite odd, reflecting a period of transition. It is pretty irregular, and part might be missing, and it might be hard to read. One should try to tell the date by comparing style of 635 and 636, and not the margin. The year 636 is usually betrayed by a slightly finer style of the horseman when compared with the horseman of 635.

Image courtesy Cmkcoins. Diameter: 25mm. Wt. 2.96 gm.

3a. 637 A.H. - The third recorded year of bilingual drams of Hetoum I and Kaykhusraw II. In addition to date these also bear the name of the mind. The designation 3a refers to the earliest types shows stylistyc transition to a superior engraving quality. Some of these bear traces of overstrike. I suspect on some part of date might be in regular arabic and clearly on others are in diwani.

Ex. CNG, Auction 143, lot 296. Diameter: 26mm. Wt. 2.73 gm.

3b. 637 A.H. - This type shows a marked improvement in the style and quality over the other years. Pay attention to cursive writing and high quality of horseman. A large number of these bear traces of overstrike. On some of these the date appears in diwani and on others in regular arabic. It appears rarely in regular form, and commonly in diwani.

Personal collection. Diameter: 24-25mm. Wt. 3.07 gm.

3c. 637 A.H. - This type refers to the coins in class a and b that bear traces of overstrike. These are common and a large number of 637's appear to be overstruck on earlier Seljuq of Rum dirhams.

A. Nercissiantz collection. Overstrike appears to be a Konya type dirham of 630's A.H.

4. 639 A.H. - For unknown reasons we do not have bilinguals from 638. Those of 637 and 39 are often confused as the reading of the date can challange even the most experienced numismatist. Dates exist in both normal and diwani form.

Ex. Baldwins, Islamic Coin Auction 11, lot 161. Wt. 2.97 gm.
Remark: I am not sure on date. Clearly not in diwani, but not 100% sure it is 639 based on poor image.

5. 640 A.H. - Not much to say on this date.

Ex. Gorny & Mosch, Auction 157, lot 4803. Wt. 2.72 gm.

6. 641 A.H. - It may be hard to tell this date if its worn in the corner.

Personal collection. 26 mm. 2.91 gm.

7. 642 A.H. - Excersize great caution not to mix 641 and 642's.

Ex CNG Auction 58, Lot 1516, Weight 2.95.

8. 643 A.H. - Interesting that Rhodes noted the year this coin was issued the Seljuq sultan Kaykhusraw invaded Cilician Armenia, yet issuance continued in this year and the next. Perhpas degregation in style on some coins may be explained by this. This also speak of the complexities of the Seljuq Armenian relationship at this late stage.

A. Nercissiantz Collection. (Not completely sure on date, an educated guess. No other specimen was availible)

9. 644 A.H. - Final issue year. As with 643 it is pretty rare - the 2 rarest dates. The only known type of bilingual dram to be forged.

From Jim Roberts' collection. 22 mm. (This is a forgery, illustrated for date, no genuine one was availible.)

10a. Half Dram. - First type of bilingual half. No mint or date, curious scroll on top. Clearly done in before 637 or in early part of it the latest.

Ex CNG, Auction 61, Lot 2328, Weight 1.45 gm.

10b. Half Dram. - Second type of bilingual half. Shows mintname Sis. Clearly done in 637 or later. Shows transition in style.

Ex CNG, Auction 61, Lot 2329, Weight 1.05 gm.