In doing a guide to bilinguals, it is also important to compare the bilingual issues to regular issues of both Cilician Armenian and the Seljuqs of Rum. Because there are already ample pages dedicated to regular issues, I will simply link to the other pages with the exception of one type of Cilician regular issue.

In comparing known specimes of both dynasties, we notice that engraving of regular issues is of generally lower quality than that of bilinguals. That is, while the bilinguals up to those dated 637 are of comprable quality to regular issues of both dynasties, after 637, there is a marked improvement in the engraving of bilinguals. It is of interest to note that one copper kardez issue of Hetoum I seems to be engraved by the same group of engravers as these later bilinguals. It is interesting that only a select group of kardez' of Hetoum I employ bilingual style, while all other coinage remains the same. One should take a closer look at the copper coinage of Hetoum I to better understand all varieties and subvarieties involved in this topic. Here is one example of the type and a regular bilingual after it.

Ex. CNG Auction 72, Lot 2301. 5.64 gm.

Regular issue Hetoum-Kaykhusraw, dated 641.

LINKS: I just decided to give some basic links that will get the job done. Know there are more links for both Armenian and Seljuq coins. For a comprehensive list, check out my LINKS.

KAYQUBAD I REGULAR: http://mehmeteti.150m.com/seljuqsofrum/kayqubadhpage1.

KAYKHUSRAW II REGULAR: http://mehmeteti.150m.com/seljuqsofrum/kaykhusrawIIpage1.

HETOUM I REGULAR NO. 1: http://mehmeteti.150m.com/armenians/hetoum1.htm

HETOUM I REGULAR NO. 2: http://www.forumancientcoins.com/armeniannumismatics/hetoum1.html