[Brit. Mus. Catal. Greek Coins, Lycia, Pamphylia, &c., by G. F. Hill (1897).
Babelon, Invent. de la Coll. Waddington (1898), pp. 177-94.
Imhoof, Kleinasiatische Münzen, ii. (1902), pp. 309-54.]
In the following pages I include in the province of Pamphylia only
the strip of low-lying coast-land, some twenty to thirty miles in breadth,
between Mount Solyma, the Lycian boundary, on the west, and the
river Melas on the east. The mountainous country to the north, much
of which was included in Byzantine Pamphylia, I have preferred to call
Pisidia.
Aspendus (Balkyzi), on the river Eurymedon, about eight miles from
the sea, was a populous and wealthy city. It began to coin silver on the
Persic standard early in the fifth century B.C.
The hoplite represents the soldiery for which Aspendus was famous.
Tissaphernes, whose head quarters in 411 were at Aspendus, issued
staters, drachms, and hemidrachms of the Rhodian standard which have
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been attributed to this mint; obv. Head of satrap in Persian tiara; rev.
ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ or abbreviation, the Great King as archer, running; symbol
on stater, galley. See supra, p. 597.
Circ. B.C. 400-300, and later.
Two wrestlers engaged; on the later
specimens, magistrates’ letters between them. [Brandis, p. 494.]
ΕΣΤFΕΔΙΙVΣ Incuse square, Slinger;
in field, triskeles; also, rarely, letters.
AR Staters 170 grs.
Gorgoneion (on later specimens, of the
Helios-type).
Head of Athena [Imhoof, Kl. M., p. 310,
Nos. 7, 8].
AR 15.5 grs. or less.
Aspendus was originally an Argive colony, and Brandis has conjectured that its coin-type, the Slinger, was chosen from the resemblance of
the word σφενδονητης to the name of the town.
Concerning the Pamphylian legends on these and similar coins see
Friedlander, Z. f. N., iv. 297; Imhoof, Z. f. N., v. 133; Bergk, Z. f. N.,
xi. 337; and Lanckoronski-Niemann-Petersen, Les Villes de la Pamphylie,
i. p. 189. The form ΕΣΤFΕΔΙΙVΣ corresponds with the Greek ΑΣΠΕΝΔΙΟΣ. On a variety of the stater the words ΕΛVΨΑ ΜΕΝΕΤVΣ
(B. M. C., Pl. XLIV. 16) are to be explained as a magistrate’s name.
It would appear that the Greek element in the population of the
town gradually decreased down to the time of the Macedonian conquest. The astonishing abundance of the silver money of Aspendus is
a proof of the commercial importance of the town; and the number of
countermarks and barbarous imitations shows that it circulated largely
in the country. For these countermarks, which seem not to be later
than about 360 B.C., see Imhoof, Kl. M., pp. 312f. The later staters.
many of which have the lunate C, continued to be issued probably until
about 190 B.C.
The bronze coins of Aspendus appear to be as a rule later in date than
the silver. The predominant types (see especially Imhoof, Kl. M.,
pp. 316 f.) are—
After the battle of Magnesia, Pamphylia was added to the dominions
of the kings of Pergamum, under whose rule Aspendus appears to have
been practically autonomous, for it was probably about B.C. 189 that it
began to issue dated Alexandrine tetradrachms, ranging from year Α to
ΚΘ and with ΑΣ before the seated Zeus on the rev. (Müller, Nos. 1196-1221). Symbol, on some specimens, a sling. These are the last silver
coins known to have been struck at Aspendus. Many of them bear
countermarks, of which the Seleucid (?) anchor and the tripod are
the most frequent. To this period also belong bronze coins (see
701
Imhoof, Kl. M., pp. 318 f.) reading ΑΣ or ΑC, ΑCΠЄΝΔΙΩΝ. Types—
Star, rev. Club; Shield, rev.Caduceus; Horse, rev. Slinger or Hoplite;
Forepart of horse, rev. Sling.
On the death of Attalus III, B.C. 133, Pamphylia passed, with the rest
of his kingdom, to the Roman people.
Imperial coinage, Augustus to Saloninus. Inscr., ΑCΠЄΝΔΙΩΝ.
Titles—CЄΜΝΗC ЄΝΤЄΙΜΟΥ, ΝЄΩΚΟΡΩΝ (Salonina), ΑCΠЄΝΔΟC Η
CΥΜΜΑΧΟC ΡΩΜЄΩΝ. Types—River Eurymedon; Herakles standing before Eurystheus (?), behind whom is a spear-bearer; Zeus seated
and goddess seated or standing (Hera ?); Twin cultus-statues of veiled
goddess, sometimes in temple, or held by Tyche (Imhoof, Kl. M., p. 319);
Sarapis; Harpokrates; Isis Pharia; Hephaestos forging shield; Athena
voting; City-goddess voting; Nemesis; Triple Hekate; Asklepios;
Apollo with raven; Pantheistic deity; Tyche standing, or of the Antioch
type; Two wrestlers; Athlete holding crown and lyre; Agonistic wreath
with ΘЄΜΙΔΟC and numerals ΤΞΘ, ΤΟΒ or ΤΟЄ, indicating a period
of ten or nine years; &c. Marks of value Ι or ΙΑ (= 10 assaria) in time
of Valerian and Gallienus.
Attalia (Adalia), founded by Attalus II, king of Pergamum. Autonomous bronze from circ. B.C. 159 to Imperial times. Inscr., ΑΤΤΑΛΕΩΝ. Types—Poseidon; Dolphin; Trident; Rudder; Athena; Nike;
Zeus; Hermes; &c. Imperial, Claudius to Corn. Valerianus. Inscr.,
ΑΤΤΑΛΕΩΝ. Types—Head or statue (sometimes in temple) of Athena;
Pergaean Artemis in temple; Nemesis; Artemis with Athena and
Nemesis; Head of Sarapis; Harpokrates; Helios in biga; Mên; Hephaestos forging shield; Agonistic crown on table ΙЄΡΟC ΟΙΚΟΥΜЄΝΙΚΟC:
Wreath ΙЄΡΟC ΟΛΥΜΠΙΑ (or ΟΛΥΜΠΙΟC) ΟΙΚΟΥΜЄΝΙΚΟC; &c.
Marks of value ΑΗ and Ι ( = 8 and 10 assaria) in time of Gallienus.
Alliance coins with Athens (ΑΤΤΑΛЄΩΝ ΑΘΗΝΑΙΩΝ CΥΝΓЄΝΙΑ)
and Side (q. v.).
Magydus (Laara), about five miles east of Attalia. Quasi-autonomous Æ (ΜΑ or ΜΑΓΥ, Bust of Athena, rev.Star in crescent; Head of
Dionysos, rev.Hermes standing. Imperial, from Nero to Salonina. Inscr.,
ΜΑΓΥΔЄWΝ and numerals from ΙΒ to ΜΑ, perhaps referring to games
celebrated at irregular intervals (Imhoof, Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk., 1908,
p. 176). Types—Athena standing; Demeter seated or standing; Zens
seated; Aphrodite standing; Hermes standing; Sarapis standing; Rape
of Persephone; River-god (Katarrhaktes ?).
Olbia (?). To this town, on the borders of Lycia and Pamphylia, Six
(N. Chr., 1898, p. 217) would attribute silver staters and drachms of
the beginning of the fifth century, explaining the legendΛΒΙ as the
Lycian form of Ολβια, and the other legends as a dynast’s name. The
attribution is, however, for many reasons doubtful.
~ΑΝΑTΑΣ ΠΡΕΙΙΑΣ (ϝανασσας
Περγαιας) Artemis huntress holding
wreath and sceptre.
Æ .75-.5
Imperial coinage. Silver ‘cistophori’ of Nerva and Trajan (cultus
figure of DIANA PERG. in temple), perhaps struck at Side. Quasi-autonomous Æ of Flavian period, and Imperial from Tiberius to
Aurelian and Tacitus. Inscr., ΠЄΡΓΑΙΩΝ (or abbrev.), ΠЄΡΓЄΩΝ
(Aurelian); ΠЄΡΓΗΙ; ΝЄΩΚΟΡΩΝ (from Valerian onwards); ΙЄΡΑ
ΛΑΜΠΡΑ ЄΝΔΟΞΟC ΝЄΩΚΟΡΟC ΠЄΡΓΗ ΠΡΩΤΗ (or Α); ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛЄΩC ΠΑΝΦVΛΙΑC (Tacitus). Festivals: ΙЄΡΑ ΑVΓΟVCΤΙΑ,
ΑVΓΟVCΤЄΙΑ ΙЄΡΟC, ΠVΘΙΑ ΑCVΛΙΑ ΙЄΡΟC or ЄΙЄΡΑ, ΙЄΡΟC,
ΤΑΚΙΤΙΟC ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛ(Є)ΙΤΙΟC ΚΑΙCΑΡΙΑ(?), ΘЄΜΙC ΤΟ (= 370,
cf. Aspendus), &c. Mark of value Ι from Valerian onwards. Types—
Artemis Pergaea (ΑΡΤΕΜΙΔΟC ΠЄΡΓΑΙΑC, or ΠЄΡΓΑΙΑC ΑΡΤЄΜΙΔΟC ΑCVΛΟV) in temple, represented as a baetyl decorated with bands
of dancing figures, guarded by sphinxes, star and crescent in field, eagle
usually in pediment (see Roscher, Lex, s.v. Pergaia); numerous forms of
703
Greek Artemis (e. g. in biga of stags); Asklepios and Telesphoros;
Apollo; Aphrodite standing; Dionysos; Triple Hekate; Hephaestos
forging shield; Pan; Hermes, Herakles and standard; Sarapis between
two standards; Harpokrates; Zeus seated; Elpis; River-god Kestros;
Head of City; Eagle in temple between standards; Female figure
(ΘЄΜΙC) seated with palm and wreath; Agonistic chest with purses;
Star and crescent, &c.
Alliance coins with Apollonia Mordiaeum (q.v.), Delphi (ΠЄΡΓΑΙΩΝ
ΔЄΛΦΩΝ ΟΜΟΝΟΙΑ), Ephesus, Mytilene (q.v.) and Side.
Side (Eski-Adalia), a few miles west of the mouth of the Melas. Its
chief type is a play on the word σιδη (pomegranate). Greek inscriptions
do not appear on the early coins, the inhabitants (colonists from Cyme
in Aeolis) having forgotten their original tongue (Arr. i. 26). The
coins point to a connexion with Holmi in Cilicia in the fifth and fourth
centuries B.C.
To the time of Alexander the Great and his successors belong the
Alexandrine AV stater (Müller, Alex., 1248) and AR drachms of Philip III
(Müller, Phil. III, 101, 102). In the third century Side began to issue
bronze (Head of Athena, rev. Pomegranate; or Facing bust of Athena,
rev.Athena fighting).
Attic Standard. Circ. B.C. 190-36.
After the fall of Antiochus, Side continued to be one of the chief mints
on the south coast. The types of the new tetradrachms were perhaps
suggested by those of Alexander’s AV stater.
Nike holding wreath; in field, pomegranate and magistrates’ names.
AR Staters and Drachms
Among the many countermarks found on these coins (see Mowat in
Corolla Numism., pp. 189ff.) are some with a bow in case and initials of
cistophoric mints : ΑΔΡΑ, ΑΓΙΑ, ΕΦΕ, ΛΑ°, ΠΕΡ, ΓΙΕΡΓΑ, ΣΑΛΗ, ΣΑΡ,
ΣΤΡΑ, ΣΥΝ, ΤΡΑ, i. e. Adramyteum, Ephesus, Laodiceia, Pergamum,
Sala (?), Sardes, Stratoniceia ad Caïcum, Synnada, Tralles. The tetradrachms were thus assimilated to the cistophori.
To this period may be attributed bronze coins (size .8-.5) with inscr.
ΣΙΔΗΤΩΝ. Types—obv. Head of Apollo or of Athena, rev.Athena
with spear and shield accompanied by serpent; Nike with wreath;
Pomegranate; or Pomegranate between caduceus and head of Hermes.
From B.C. 36-25 Side was in the dominions of Amyntas of Galatia
(q. v.), who continued in his own name the issue of the tetradrachms.
Imperial Times. Quasi-autonomous Æ and Imperial from Tiberius
to Aurelian. Inscr. and Titles—CΙΔΗΤWΝ; Α ΝЄΩΚΟΡΩΝ (from Gallienus); Γ ΝЄΩΚΟΡΩΝ (Aurelian); CΙΔΗC ΝЄΩΚΟΡΟV; Α. Є.
(= πρωτης ενδοξου ?); ΛΑΜΠΡΟΤΑΤΗC ЄΝΔΟΞΟV; ΠΙCΤΗC ΦΙΛΗC
CVΜΜΑΧΟV ΡΩΜΑΙΩΝ ΜVCΤΙΔΟC CΙΔΗC (Z. f. N., v. 7);
ΝΑVΑΡΧΙC; CΙΔΗ ΜVCΤΙC ΝЄΩΚΟΡΟC, &c. On the Neocories
of Side see Pick in Jahreshefte, vii, pp. 39 f. Festivals, &c., ΙЄΡΟC
ΜVCΤΙΚΟC; ΙЄΡΟC ΠVΘΙΟC ΜVCΤΙΚΟC ΟΙΚΟVΜЄΝΙΚΟC; ΙЄΡΑ
ΠVΘΙΑ ЄΙЄΡΟC ΜVCΤΙΚΟC ΟΙΚΟVΜЄΝΙΚΟC; ΙЄΡΑ ΠVΘΙΑ
ΠΡΩΤΑ ΠΑΜΦVΛΩΝ; ΙC ΑΙΩΝΑ ΤΑ ΠVΘΙΑ; ΙЄΡΟC ΟΙ.ΚΟVΜЄΝΙΚΟC ЄΙCΟΠVΘΙΟC; ЄΙCЄΛΑCΤΙΚΟC; ΔΩΡЄΑ, &c. Marks of
value from Valerian, Є, ΑЄ, Η, Ι, ΙΑ. ΙΔ (= 5, 8, 10, 14 assaria). Names
of deities, ΑΘΗΝΑ ΑCVΛΩ; ΑΠΟΛΛΩΝΟC CΙΔΗΤΟV ΝЄΩΚΟΡΟV;
ΠVΘΙΟC; ΑCΚΛΗΠΙΩ ΝЄΩΚΟΡΩ. Types—Athena with spear, shield,
and serpent; holding thunderbolt and crowning trophy; crowned by
Artemis; voting; holding prow; holding temple; with Apollo and
pomegranate tree; &c. Apollo wearing short chiton and chlamys, with
long branch and phiale (Sidetes); radiate; as kitharoedos with Nike and
agonistic table; with tripod; in temple; &c. City-goddess holding Nike
or prize crown and part of ship. Tyche of Antioch type. Asklepios with
human-headed serpent. Herakles and stag. Three Graces. Goddess on
lion. River-god Melas. Harbour of Side. Galley. Three temples. Temple
with eagle between two standards (the shrine in which the standards
were kept). Soldier with vexillum under battlemented gates; &c.
705
Alliance coins with Delphi (CΙΔΗΤΩΝ ΔЄΛΦΩΝ ΟΜΟΝΟΙΑ), Myra,
Aspendus, Attalia, Perga, Sagalassus, Alexandreia Aeg. (Athena and Isis).
Sillyum (above Assar-keui), between the Cestrus and Eurymedon.
Autonomous Æ of third century B.C. and later with Pamphylian inscr.
ΣΕΛΥ~ΙΥΣ (Σελυϝιυς, see Lanckoronski, Villes de Pamphylie, i. pp. 70 f.).
Types—Head of Apollo, rev. Zeus seated, or fulmen; Head of bearded
helmeted hero, rev. Figure of deity with raised r. hand.
In the second century B.C. Sillyum issued Alexandrine tetradrachms
with ΣΙΛ and dates Γ to Ϛ (Müller, 1222-24), and bronze reading
ΣΙΛΥΕΩΝ. Later the legend is CΙΛVЄΩΝ or CΙΛΛVЄΩΝ. Quasiautonomous and Imperial from Tiberius to Aurelian. Title, ΦΙΛΗC
CVΜΜΑΧΟΥ ΡΩΜΑΙΩΝ. Mark of value Ι from time of Gallienus.
Chief Types—Hero fighting boar; Lion attacking bull; Deity standing
with raised r. hand; Helmeted hero; Mên on horseback or standing,
or his bust (ΘЄΟV ΜΗΝΟC ΑCVΛΟ); Apollo Kitharoedos; Bust of
Apollo; Herakles before Eurystheus (?) as at Aspendus; Aphrodite
standing arranging hair; Demeter with long torch before stele supporting vase; Dionysos; Pan seated; Veiled goddess to front with small
figure beside her; Tyche of Antioch type; &c.
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