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BEST OF

AEQVITI
Aes Formatum
Aes Rude
The Age of Gallienus
Alexander Tetradrachms
Ancient Coin Collecting 101
Ancient Coin Prices 101
Ancient Coin Dates
Ancient Coin Lesson Plans
Ancient Coins & Modern Fakes
Ancient Counterfeits
Ancient Glass
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Anonymous Follis
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Antioch Officinae
Aphlaston
Armenian Numismatics Page
Augustus - Facing Portrait
Brockage
Bronze Disease
Byzantine
Byzantine Denominations
A Cabinet of Greek Coins
Caesarean and Actian Eras
Campgates of Constantine
Carausius
A Case of Counterfeits
Byzantine Christian Themes
Clashed Dies
Codewords
Coins of Pontius Pilate
Conditions of Manufacture
Corinth Coins and Cults
Countermarked in Late Antiquity
Danubian Celts
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Denarii of Otho
Diameter 101
Die Alignment 101
Dictionary of Roman Coins
Doug Smith's Ancient Coins
Draco
Edict on Prices
ERIC
ERIC - Rarity Tables
Etruscan Alphabet
The Evolving Ancient Coin Market
EQVITI
Fel Temp Reparatio
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Friend or Foe
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Helvetica's ID Help Page
The Hexastyle Temple of Caligula
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Illustrated Ancient Coin Glossary
Important Collection Auctions
Islamic Rulers and Dynasties
Julian II: The Beard and the Bull
Julius Caesar - The Funeral Speech
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Library of Ancient Coinage
Life in Ancient Rome
List of Kings of Judea
Medusa Coins
Maps of the Ancient World
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Military Belts
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The [Not] Cuirassed Elephant
Not in RIC
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Numismatic French
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Parthian Coins
Patina 101
Paleo-Hebrew Alphabet
Paleo-Hebrew Script Styles
People in the Bible Who Issued Coins
Imperial Mints of Philip the Arab
Phoenician Alphabet
Pi-Style Athens Tetradrachms
Pricing and Grading Roman Coins
Reading Judean Coins
Reading Ottoman Coins
Representations of Alexander the Great
Roman Coin Attribution 101
Roman Coin Legends and Inscriptions
Roman Keys
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romancoin.info
Rome and China
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Satyrs and Nymphs
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Serrated
Siglos
The Sign that Changed the World
Silver Content of Parthian Drachms
Star of Bethlehem Coins
Statuary Coins
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum
Syracusian Folles
Taras Drachms with Owl Left
The Temple Tax
The Temple Tax Hoard
Test Cut
Travels of Paul
Tribute Penny
Tribute Penny Debate Continued (2015)
Tribute Penny Debate Revisited (2006)
Tyrian Shekels
Uncleaned Ancient Coins 101
Vabalathus
Venus Cloacina
What I Like About Ancient Coins
Who was Trajan Decius
Widow's Mite
XXI

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German numismatic terms and abbreviations

Abb. - Abbildung - illustration
Abbildung - illustration
aber - but
Abkürzungen - abbreviations
abwärts - down (upside down)
Abweichungen - deviations (varieties)
achtel - one-eighth
achtstrahliger stern - eight pointed star
Adl. - Adler - eagle
Adler - eagle
Alderschwert - eagle sword
Adlerzepter - eagle tipped scepter
Androkephaler Stier - man-faced bull
Ähre - grain-ear
Ährenkranz - wreath of grain ears
alle - all
allen - all
auf - on
aufgeplatzter schrötling - cracked (split) flan
Anfang - start or beginning
antike - ancient
As. - Avers - obverse
ASw. - eagle tipped scepter (Adlerschwert)
außer - except
aufwärts - upwards
ausgebreiteten - spread (wings)
Av. - obverse (avers)
Avers - obverse
AZ. - eagle tipped scepter (Adlerzepter)

B - Büste - bust
bärtig - bearded
bart - beard
Bb. - Brustbild - bust
belorbeerte - laureate
ber. - berieben - rubbed, scraped
Beschreibung - description
bis - to
Biene - bee
beiden - two
Beizeichen - mintmark
blickend - looking
Blitzbündel - thunderbolt
Bloße - only
Blume - flower
Blumenkreuz - flower cross
Bogen - bow
Br. - Brustbild - bust
Brd. - Brustbild - bust
Brustbild - bust
Buchstabe - letter'
Bz. - Beizeichen - mintmark

C(h). - Panzer (v. hinten) - cuirassed seen from behind

dahinter - behind
Datum - date
dem - the
desgl. - desgleichen- ditto, same as above
dgl. - desgleichen - ditto, same
Die - the
Dieselben - the same
Dreizackspitze - trident head
Doppelfüllhorn - double cornucopia
Dreifuß - tripod
Dreizack - trident
drittel - one third
drei - three
Durchmesser - diameter

ebd. - ibid
ebenso - ditto
edelmetall - electrum
Eidechse - lizard
Efeublatt - ivy leaf
Efeukranz - wreath of ivy leaves
einfachem - single
(mit) eingerollten Haaren - curled (rolled) hair
einteiligem - one-piece
einem - a (one)
erhoben - raised

Fackel - torch
Falke - falcon
Feld - field
Felsen - rock
Fh. - füllhorn - cornucopia
flatterndem - fluttering (cloak flying behind)
Fliegend - flying
Flossgott - river god.
Flügeln - wings
frühes - early; other forms früh, frühe, früher, etc.
Frühjahr - spring
Füße - feet
Füllhorn - cornucopia
Fuss - foot

Gallien - Gaul
Giebelfeld - gabel
geflügelt - winged
geöffneten - open
gepanzerte - armored/cuirassed
geschlungen - looped
gesenkten - lowered
Gestalt - figure
Getreideähre - ear of grain
Gewand - garment
gewandbuste - draped bust
gewendet (Kopf nach hinten gewendet) - turned (head turned back) also 'gewandt'
gewunden - wound (coiled)
Ggstpl. - countermark
Gleich - same (same as above)

Haare - hair
Halb - half
Halbiertes - halved
halbnackt - half naked
Hälfte - half (2. Hälfte - 2nd half of the year)
Halskette - necklace
hält - holds
haltend - holding
Hase - hare
heilige - saint
Helm - helmet
Herbst - autumn, fall
hl. - heilige - saint
Hm. - Helm - helmet
Hmb. - Helmbüste - helmeted bust
Hs. - obverse (Hauptseite)
Hüften - hips

i.A. - im Abschnitt - in exergue
i. F. l. - in field left (im Feld linker)

ihm - him or it
im - in
in der vorg. R. - in the extended right (hand)
innen - inside

J. - Jahr - year
Jagdhund - hound
Jahr - year
Jahren - years
Jahrgang - year
Jahreshälfte - half year
Jahreszahl - date
Jahrhundert - century
Jg. - Jahrgang - year
just. - justiert - adjusted
justiert - adjusted

K - Kaiser - emperor
Kaninchen - rabbit
Kaiser - emperor
kauernd - cowering (preparing to pounce)
Kb. = Konsularbüste - bust wearing ornate consular robes (often left, holding and eagle tipped scepter)
kein - no, none, not any
Kerykeion - caduceus
keule - club
Kleinkl. - klein - small
asien - Asia Minor
Korymben - berry bunches
Kopf - head
kopfüber - head-first (head down)
Kranz - wreath
Kreis - circle
Krieger - warrior (soldier)

l. - left (links)
L. - laurel wreath (Lorbeerkranz)
lang - long
Lanze - lance/spear
laufend - running
Linien - lines
links - left
Linkskopf - head left
Lorbeerkranz - laurel wreath
Löwe - lion
Löwenfell - lion skin

m. - with (mit)
M. - cloak (Mantel)
M.S. - Meine Sammlung - my collection
Mannes - Man
männlich - male
Mantel - cloak (paludamentum)
Maus - mouse
mit - with
Mittel - middle, central
Mittelerz - an old expression for middle bronzes (dupondii and asses)
Mohn - poppy
Mondsichel - crescent moon
Mst. - Münzstätte - mint
mücke - mosquito
Münzen - coins
Münzstätte - mint
Münzzeichen - mintmark
Mzst. - Münzstätte - mint
mzz. - Münzzeichen - mintmark


nach - after or to, towards (see below)
nach links - to left or facing left
nach rechts - to right or facing right
nach unten - downward
n. l. - facing left or to left (nach links)
n. r. - facing right or to right (nach rechts)
Nackt - naked
Nashorn - rhinoceros
neben - beside (next to)
Nicht-königliche - non-royal
Nicht publiziert - not published
Nilpferd - hippo

o.D. - ohne Datum - no date
o.J. - ohne Jahr - no year
Oder - or
Offizinnummer - officina number
ohne - without
ohne Trennung - without break (legend)
ohranhänger - earring
Östliches - Eastern

P. - cuirass (Panzer)
palmzweig - palm frond
Panzer - armor (cuirass)
Perlkreis - border of dots
Pfeile - arrows
Pferd - horse
Phiale - patera
Prägung(-en (pl.)) - coinage
Punkt - point (pellet or dot)

r. - rechts - right
R. - Rücken - reverse
Randschrift - edge lettering
rechts - right
Reiter - rider (horseman)
Revers - reverse
Römer - Roman (noun)
römisch - Roman (adjective)
römische Münzen - Roman coins
Rs. - Revers - reverse
Rücken gesehen - back seen (bust from behind)
Rückseite - reverse, back
Ruder - rudder
Rs. - reverse
Rschr. - Randschrift - edge lettering

Sammlung - collection
Säule - column
Schakal - jackel
Schale - patera
Scheibe - disc
Schiffsvordertheil- Ship prow
Schild - shield
Schilf - reeds
Schlange - snake
Schleier - veil
Schöpfkelle - ladle (simpulum)
schnabel - bird's beak
Schulter - shoulder
Schrötling - planchet, flan
sechzehntel - one sixteenth
schräg - obliquely
sitzt - sits
sitzend - sitting
Slg. - collection
spätes - late
Spätmittelalter - Late Middle Ages
sprengend - galloping
st. - specimen (stück)
stab - rod
stadtgottheit - city goddess
stempelbruch - die break
Stempelgleich - same dies (often shown as "(stgl.)" immediately following a reference
Steuer - rudder
stiefeln - boots
Strahlenkranz - radiate crown or halo (nimbus)
stehend - standing
Stern - star
Stier - bull
Strahlenkrone - radiate crown
Szepter - scepter

tafel (taf., tf) - plate 
teilweise - sometimes
teilweise auf der l. - in part on the left (slight drapery only on the left shoulder)
Thron - throne
thronend - enthroned
Tisch - table
trägt - carries, bears
Traube - grapes

unbedeutende druckstellen - weakly struck (in part)
über - over
Überprägungsspuren - Signs of overstrike (or ghosting)
Udschr. - Unterschrift - signature
umgewandt - turned around (usually, referring to head turned back)
umwickelt - wraps around
und - and
Unterschrift - signature

V. or Vs. - Vorderseite - obverse
vergleichen - compare with (cf.)
verschleierter - veiled
verzierte - decorated, ornamented
vgl. - see (cf., compare with)
Vierbeiniger Tisch - four legged table
vierundzwanzigstel - 1/24th
viertel - one quarter
vom Rücken gesehen - seen from behind
von - of
von hinten gesehen - seen from behind
vor - before
vorn - in front
Vorderseite - obverse
vorderseitenstempel - obverse die

Waage - scales
Wappen - coat of arms
weibliche - female
Weintraube - bunch of grapes
weiterer - another
Winz - tiny
Wertziffer - numeral of value
wie (genauso wie) - as (same as)
wie vorher - as before (same as the coin above)
wie zuvor (genauso wie die Münze zuvor) - as before (same as the coin above)
WZ. - Wertziffer - numeral of value

Zepter - Szepter - scepter
zwf. - zweifach - double
Zügel - reins
zweiunddreißigstel - 1/32nd
zwölftel - one-twelfth
Zweig - branch
Zwischen - between

Bust terms and abbreviations

bärtigen - bearded
beiden - two
Brust - bust
Br. - bust (Brustbild)
die - the
ebenso - ditto
Gewand - draped (garment)
l. - left (links)
Kopf - head
K. - head (Kopf)
Krone - radiate (crown)
L. - laurel wreath (Lorbeerkranz)
m. - with (mit)
M. - draped (Mantel)
r. - right (rechts)
P. - cuirass (Panzer)
und - and

Samples:
Br. m. L. P. M.  r. - laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Kopf. m. L. r. - laureate head right.
K. m. L. r. - laureate head right.
Brust mit Gerwand r. - bare-headed, draped bust right.
Kopf r. - bare head right.

Rarity

knapp (better 'nicht häufig') - scarce
LP - Liebhaberpreis ("fancy price" - no price given due to rarity)
RR (or RRR) - Rarität - very rare
sehr selten - very rare
selten - rare
unikum - unique

Grading

fast - almost, nearly
gut = G - good
sge. - sehr gut = VG - very good
s. - schön = F - fine
s.s. - sehr schön = VF - very fine
s. sch. - sehr schön = VF - very fine
g. ss. - gutes sehr schön - good very fine
Vorz. erh. - vorzüglich erhalten = EF - extremely fine
vz. - vorzüglich = EF - extremely fine
vz.-st. - vorzüglich - stempelglanz = EF, with luster
bf., bfr., bkfr. - bankfrisch = UNC - uncirculated
kfr. - kassenfrisch - uncirculated
kassenfrisch - uncirculated
P.P. - polierte platte = proof
st. - Stempelglanz = with luster
ea. - Erstabschlag = first struck
stgl. - stempelglanz - FDC


aufpoliert - polished
ausgesprochen - bold

Belegstücke - a replica or a very poor specimen, offered as a place holder the collector can use until a worthy genuine coin can be acquired.
ca. - cirka - about
dezentriert - off center
dkl. - dunkel - dark
Dunkle Tönung - dark toning
Erh. - Erhaltung - condition
Etwas - slight
fast - almost, nearly
gel. - gelocht - holed
gelocht - holed
gereinigt - cleaned
getont - toned
gewelit - flan wave or bend
gl. - glatt - smoothed
glatt - smoothed
Ggstpl. - countermark
Henkelspur - ex jewelry, trace of mounting
Hklsp. - Henkelspur - ex jewelry, trace of mounting
Hksp. - Henkelspur - ex jewelry, trace of mounting
Hornsilberauflage - horn silver (thick black silver oxides)
kl. - klein - small
Knapper Schrötling - tight flan
Kratzer - scratched
Korrosionsp. - corrosion marks/pitting
Korrosionsspuren - traces of corrosion
leicht - slightly
Leichete Tönung - light toning
pat. - patiniert - patinated
patiniert - patinated
poliert - polished
porös - porous
Prägeschwächen - weak strike
Reinigungsp. - cleaning marks
Riss - crack.
Schrötling - planchet, flan
Schrötlingsfehler - planchet defect, flan flaw
Schrötlingsriss - flan crack
subärat - plated
Udr. - Unterdruck - undertype, overstruck
Unterdruck - undertype, overstruck
verschmutzt - dirty
Winz - tiny
Zainende - edge clip/flaw
zaponiert - lacquered
zentriert - centered

German Number Grading Systems

Number grading systems are not used any more in Germany.  There was no standard, one always had to look at the first page of the auction catalogue for an explanation of their system. The last German auction to use this was "Kölner Münzkabinett" until around 2018 - but they used Roman numerals. Their grading key follows below:


Also see: http://www.muenzen-hardelt.de/dic/diction1.html

 

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