Indice Dietro Avanti
Claudio e la Spes
7/11/2005
Illustre professore,
sono ancora una volta ad approfittare della sua disponibilità e dei suoi autorevoli pareri. Recentemente ad un convegno numismatico ho acquistato con altre monete e per un centinaio di euro anche le due monete allegate. Le chiedevo un parere riguardo la loro autenticità in quanto le ricerche effettuate non hanno dato esito positivo.
sesterzio di Claudio:

Peso : 21,4
Diametro orizz. 33
diametro vert.  35
spessore: 30 mm
metallo: ottone
asse ore 5.00

la ringrazio come sempre anticipatamente

fig. 1
Roma, 15.11.2005
Egregio Lettore,
trascrivo di seguito i dati pertinenti alla sua moneta:

Sesterzio1, zecca di Roma, RIC I 294, BMC I 124, 41÷50 d. C., indice di rarità "C"

D. TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP2. Claudio testa laureata a destra.
R. SPES AVGVSTA3. La Spes drappeggiata avanza a sinistra sorreggendo un fiore e sollevando un lembo della veste. S C in esergo.

La ricerca nel web di monete di pari tipologia ha prodotto i seguenti risultati:

  1. http://www.wildwinds.com/coins/sear5/s1854.html Sale: Triton VIII, Lot: 1095. Closing Date: Jan 10, 2005. CLAUDIUS. 41-54 AD. Rome mint. Estimate $2500 Sold For $2600 CLAUDIUS. 41-54 AD. Æ Sestertius (30.45 gm, 6h). Rome mint. TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP P P, laureate head right / SPES AVGVSTA, S C in exergue, Spes advancing left, holding flower and lifting hem of skirt. RIC I 115; von Kaenel - (V471/R458; unlisted die combination); BMCRE 192; CNR XV, 692/1 (same obverse die); BN 218; Cohen 85. Near EF, mottled green and red-brown patina with traces of black, light smoothing in fields, details slightly enhanced. ($2500).
  2. http://www.wildwinds.com/coins/ric/claudius/RIC_0115.1.jpg Claudius. 41-54 AD. Æ Sestertius (28.43 gm). Struck circa 41-50(?) AD. TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP P P, laureate head right / SPES AVGVSTA, S C in exergue, Spes walking left, holding flower and lifting hem of skirt. RIC I 115; BMCRE 192; BN 216; von Kaenel pl. 40, 1802; Cohen 85. Fine, green patina, minor corrosian, reverse smoothing. 721962 Currently $122.50 Sep-20-00.
  3. http://www.wildwinds.com/coins/ric/claudius/RIC_0115.2.jpg Claudius. 41-54 AD. AE Sestertius. Struck 50-54 AD. Laureate head right. R. Spes walking left. RIC I 115; BMCRE 192. $41.00 07/19/99 .
  4. http://www.wildwinds.com/coins/ric/claudius/RIC_0115.3.jpg Currently $116.50 07/14/99, Claudius. 41-54 AD. Æ Sestertius (27.59 gm). Struck circa 41-50(?) AD. TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP P P, laureate head right / SPES AVGVSTA, S C in exergue, Spes walking left, holding flower and lifting hem of skirt. RIC I 115; BMC 192; BN 216; von Kaenel pl. 40, 1802; Cohen 85. Fine, light brown patina.
  5. http://www.wildwinds.com/coins/ric/claudius/RIC_0115.4.jpg Lot Number: 63515 Estimate: $500.00 Final Sale Price: $363.00 Denomination: Sestertius Grade: VF dark green patina Reference: RIC I 115; BMC 192; Cohen 85 Claudius. 41-54 AD. Æ Sestertius (27.05 gm). Struck circa 41-50(?) AD. TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP P P, laureate head right / SPES AVGVSTA, S C in exergue, Spes walking left, holding flower and lifting hem of skirt. RIC I 115; BMC 192; Cohen 85. VF, dark green patina.
  6. http://www.wildwinds.com/coins/ric/claudius/RIC_0115.5-o.jpg

  7. http://www.wildwinds.com/coins/ric/claudius/RIC_0115.5-r.jpg Jan-07-04 US $575.00 ORC0843 Impressive Claudius sestertius gVF Claudius, Æ sestertius, (29.25g) c. 50-54 AD, Rome Mint, TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP P P Laureate head right. / SPES AVGVSTA Spes advancing left, holding flower and lifting skirt, SC in exergue. RIC 115. Good VF, dark brown patina, a few light adhesions, mostly on reverse fields, full flan. Ex-David Vagi / R.M. Smythe with their $1250 ticket.
  8. http://www.wildwinds.com/coins/ric/claudius/RIC_0115.6.jpg Sale: Triton VIII, Lot: 1003. Closing Date: Jan 10, 2005. CLAUDIUS. 41-54 AD. Æ Sestertius (30.23 gm, 7h). Rome mint. Estimate $2000 Sold For $2200 CLAUDIUS. 41-54 AD. Æ Sestertius (30.23 gm, 7h). Rome mint. TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP P P, laureate head right / SPES AVGVSTA, S C in exergue, Spes advancing left, holding flower in her right hand and lifting hem of skirt with her left hand. RIC I 115; BMCRE 192; von Kaenel 472 (V387/R436=this coin); BN 218; Cohen 85. Good VF, mottled olive and brown patina, minor smoothing in fields. ($2000) From the Michael Weller Collection. Ex Leu 72 (12 May 1998), lot 414; Schweizerische Kreditanstalt 3 (19-20 April 1985), lot 510; Dr. H. Mayr-Harting Collection (Glendining's, 15 November 1949), lot 69; Ars Classica XVI (3 July 1933), lot 1574 (where it realized SF 30); R. Ball 4 (23 March 1931), lot 227; M. Paul Vautier and Prof. Maxime Collignon Collections (Naville II, 12-14 June 1922), lot 294; J. Hirsch XXXI (6 May 1912), lot 1113.
  9. http://icon.stoa.org/gallery/album88 Claudius, Orichalcum Sestertius Mint of Rome, 42 A.D. 35 mm, 28.12 gm, die axis: 6:30 Obv: TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP. Laureate head right. Rx: SPES AVGVSTA; SC in ex. Spes walking left holding flower and hitching skirt. RIC I, 99, SR 1854, VM 13.
  10. http://www.mnat.es/exposic/tresor/cast/monedes.htm 1 - Sestercio Anverso: cabeza de Claudio con corona de laurel a la derecha, TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG PM TR P IMP. Reverso: la Esperanza marchando hacia la izquierda y sosteniendo una flor, SPES AVGVSTA S C. Peso, 23,79 a 33,41 g - Ø 32 / 33 a 37 / 38 mm - grosor, 4 a 5 mm. A este tipo corresponden 107 ejemplares, fabricados con 39 cuños de anverso y 81 de reverso distintos. Tipo RIC, I, p. 129, núm. 64, leyenda D.
  11. http://www.geocities.com/icaro32/claudio.html As - 41-42 d.C. Obv. TI CAESAR CLAVDIVS AVG P M TR P IMP Rev. SPES AVGVSTA, S.C. Spes com flores. Fonte: SUTHERLAND,C. op.cit., p. 209, plate XIII.
  12. http://www.forumancientcoins.com/inv0.asp?par=393&pos=1 6909. Orichalcum sestertius, S 1854, RIC 99, S 1853, BM 124, C 85, VF/F, 14.81g, 33.6mm, 180o, Rome mint, 42 A.D.; obverse TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP, laureate head right; reverse SPES AVGVSTA, S C in exergue, Spes walking left, holding flower in right and raising skirt with left; ex Scott Collection; SOLD.
  13. http://www.faulquemont.com/e_claude.html Sesterce en bronze, frappé à Rome en 42 - Ø 33 mm. A/ TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG PM TR P IMP - tête laurée à D. R/ SPES AVGVSTA S.C - Spes avançant à G. Réf. RIC 115 - Sear 1854.
  14. http://www.coinscatalog.com/coin_view.php?id_catalog_int=40103008 Claudius Augustus AD 41 - 54 (25 January AD 41 - 13 October 54) AE Sestertius Rome mint AD 41-50 Coins Catalog ID: 3008 Rarity: scarce Image courtesy of: Galleria Antiquarica Sales Description Obverse: TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP - Laureate head right Reverse: SPES AVGVSTA S C - Spes walking left, holding flower and extending left to raise skirt. References: RIC, vol. I, p. 128, 99 D.Sear, RCTV, vol. I, p. 366, 1853 BMC, 124 Claudius - Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (Tiberius Claudius Drusus) Son of Nero Claudius Drusus and Antonia; Brother of Germanicus and Livilla; Husband of Plautia Urgulanilla, Aelia Paetina, Valeria Messalina and Agrippina Junior; Father of Britanicus, Claudia Octavia and Claudia Antonia; Granduncle and Adoptive step-father of Nero. Mints: Caesarea Cappadociae, Ephesus, Lugdunum, Pergamum, Rome. Biography: Tiberius Claudius Nero Germanicus was a nephew of Tiberius. As a perennially sick young man, and clearly heterosexual, he was looked down upon by his more active relatives. After Caligula was assassinated however, the praetorians acclaimed him as emperor and the Senate, after an initial hesitation, acquiesced. The manner of his election was an important step toward increasing the say of the praetorian corps in imperial affairs, and Claudius duly acknowledged in commemorating their role on his coins. Many did not agree with the guards’ choice, and throughout his reign Claudius had to suppress seven conspiracies, beginning with an abortive revolt by the governor of Dalmatia, Scribonianus, in 42, often with bloody reprisals. His foreign policy was aggressive and on the general successful. Britain was invaded and conquered between 43 and 47; two client kingdoms in Thrace were annexed to Rome as a province, the fleet was reorganized, and the military cursus honorum was overhauled. Highly educated, in all his actions Claudius demonstrated the capacity of a good administrator. Domestically, he increased the coherence and integration of the Empire with introducing provincial families to the Senatorial class, sought to quell the bloody disputes between Greeks and Jews in Egypt, and enhance the prestige and impartiality of the imperial courts of justice. He died in 54, sixty-four years old, perhaps not without the help of his fourth wife, Agrippina, or her seventeen-year old son of a prior marriage, Nero. The official version is that he ate poisonous mushrooms. List all Claudius coins in the Catalog. 
Concludo osservando che, sebbene le caratteristiche fisiche della moneta appaiano accettabili, lo stile e il ritratto di Claudio risultano, a mio avviso, assai improbabili. Perciò escluderei che la moneta sia autentica. D'altra parte BMC indica la presenza di numerose imitazioni (falsi antichi?) della tipologia di figura senza purtroppo documentarle fotograficamente, tranne in un solo caso nel quale il profilo del sovrano risulta, a prima vista, assolutamente normale.

Un saluto cordiale.
Giulio De Florio
 

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Note:

(1) Traggo dal  sito dell'ANS (American Numismatic Society -  http://www.amnumsoc.org/search/) e dai link sopra citati le caratteristiche fisiche di alcuni sesterzi della tipologia di figura battuti dalla zecca di Roma che raccolgo di seguito in tabella:
 

Riferimenti Peso (g.)  Asse di conio (ore) Diametro (mm)
ANS 1 24.31 7 35
ANS 2 28.96 6 35
ANS 3 24.17 6 36
ANS 4 26.29  6 36
ANS 5 23.81  6 37
ANS 6 26.79 6 36
ANS 7 24.38 6 38
ANS 8 23.98 6 34
ANS 9 24.84 6 35
ANS10 24.54  6 35
ANS11 21.12 6 35
ANS12 23.95 6 35
ANS13 25.98 7 34
ANS14 25.17 7 36
ANS15 25.46 6 35
ANS16 25.26 6 36
ANS17 28.88 6 36
ANS18 26.00 6 35
ANS19 22.99 6 34
ANS20 26.91 5 35
ANS21 20.77 7 35
ANS22 24.25 7 35
ANS23 24.30 6 37
ANS24 21.06 7 35
ANS25 25.96 6 36
ANS26 25.74 12 35
ANS27 14.84 6 32
ANS28 17.05 6 35
ANS29 23.04 6 35
ANS30 26.01 6 36
ANS31 24.63  6 37
ANS32 23.44 6 35
ANS33 30.88 6 36
ANS34 23.81 6 33.5
ANS35 23.43 6 33
ANS36 25.90 6 35
ANS37 25.92 7 36
ANS38 27.60 6 33.5
ANS39 22.11 6 34
ANS40 27.77 12 33
ANS41 26.14 7 34.5
ANS42 27.26 6 35
link 1 30.45 6 -
link 2 28.43 - -
link 4 27.59 - -
link 5 27.05 - -
link 6 29.25 - -
link 7 30.23 7 -
link 8 28.12 - 35
link 11 14.81 6 33,6
link 12 - - 33
Dalla tabella si evince che il sesterzio di figura, sebbene di peso un po' inferiore alla media, presenta caratteristiche fisiche (21,4g., 34mm, 5h) comparabili con quelle dei conî d'epoca.
(2) TIberius CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVGustus Pontifex Maximus TRibunicia Potestas IMPerator. Per brevi cenni storici sulla figura di Claudio si rimanda ad altra pagina di questo sito (cliccare qui).
(3) SPES AVGVSTA. La personificazione della Speranza (iconografia basata sul profilo - di solito a sinistra - della Kore arcaica o delle statue di "Persefone", come suggerisce il sito: http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/kinney/small/n3.htm), viene di solito rappresentata nella monetazione romana come leggiadra fanciulla che si muove a passo di danza recando un fiore e sollevando un lembo della veste. Riferisce BMC che la Spes fece il suo primo ingresso nella monetazione romana proprio con questa moneta di Claudio. Ciò potrebbe spiegarsi con il fatto che il giorno natale di Claudio è il primo di agosto nel quale si solevano tributare voti alla Spes. Ma il motivo principale sarebbe legato alla nascita del figlio ed erede di Claudio, poi detto Britannico, il 13 febbraio del 41 d.C. Sarebbe pertanto il primo apparire di un tipo dinastico poi ricorrente in tutte le serie imperiali.
Indice Dietro Avanti