Islamic Rulers
Egypt and Syria
|
EGYPT and SYRIA | |||
| DYNASTY | LOCATION | DATES | NOTES |
| Tulunid Amirs | of Egypt | 868 - 905 | recovered by Abbasids 905 |
| Amirs of Crete | Crete | 851 - 961 | |
| Ikhshidid Amirs | of Egypt | 935-969 | conquered by Fatamids, 969 |
| Qaramitid | Syria and Palestine | 969 - 978 | Isma'ili sect from eastern Arabia who seized parts of Syria and Palestine on the collapse of the Ikhshidids |
| Fatimid Caliphate | Egypt and north Africa | 909 - 1171 | originally from northern Iran, this Ismai'li Shiite dynasty started in the Maghreb, took north Africa from the Aghlabids, 909 and conquered Egypt in 969, founding Cairo (al-Qahira) as their capital. Ended by Saladin 1171. |
| Hamdamids | of Aleppo and Mosul (Syria/Iraq) | 942-1004 | |
| Uqaylid | Jazira (Mesopotamia, Iraq) and parts of Syria | 990 - 1096 | Bedouin dynasty |
| Marwanid | Jazira (Mesopotamia, Iraq) | 983 - 1061 | Kurds |
| Mirdasid | Aleppo, Syria | 1023 - 1079 | Arab tribe of Kilab |
| Numayrid | around Harran (Mesopotamia, Iraq) | 1019 - 1063 | Arab dynasty |
| Seljuk | of Syria | 1078 - 1117 | branch of Great Seljuks that ruled in Iran |
| Burids | Damascus and southern Syria | 1104 - 1154 | Seljuk atabegs |
| Ayyubid Sultans | Syria through Egypt to the Yemen | 1169 - 1461, although branches lasted until the early 16th century. | Founded by  Saladin. They were the Crusader's enemy from the 3rd to 6th Crusades. Egypt was seized by the Mamluks in 1252 and Damascus occupied by the Mongols in 1260. |
| Mamluk Sultans | Egypt | 1250 - 1517 | Mamluks were originally slaves drafted into the Ayyubid army, they saw off the Crusaders and the Mongols. Conquered by the Ottomans in 1517. Puppet Abbasid Caliphs ruled from Cairo, 1261 - 1517 Sha'ban II (al-Ashraf Nasir al-Din) 1363 - 1376 |
Spain
North Africa
Egypt and Syria
Arabian Peninsular
Iran - early period
Iran under Seljuks
Atabegs
Seljuks of Rum
The Mongols and after
Tamerlane
Ottoman Empire