Islamic Rulers
Early period/Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphs
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All dates are A.D. THE FIRST CALIPHS Following the death of Muhammed, his successors were elected. The first four of these successors or Caliphs were known as the "Rightly-guided Caliphs". 'Abu Bakr, 632 - 634 'Umar, 634 - 644 'Uthman, 644 - 656 'Ali, 656 - 661 |
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ARAB-SASSANIAN After the Arab conquests, many of the governors of the farther reaches of the new empire minted coins derived from the local Sassanian coinage. The more notable types were: Tabaristan now Mazandaran, northern Iran, 711 - 793. Governors of Tabaristan, 784 (this example)Eastern Sistan, now in southern Iran, 690 - 786. Arab-Ephthalite, Bactria, now in north-western portion of Afghanistan and southern Tajikistan, 682 - 715. Arab-Bukharan, now Uzbekistan, 775 - 813. Arab-Armenian, c. 700, now between the Caspian and Black Seas, next to the eastern border of Turkey. UMAYYAD CALIPHS ruling from Damascus. Mu'awiya I, 661 - 680. Yazid I, 680 - 683. Mu'awiya II, 683 - 684. Merwan, 684 - 685. 'Abd al-Malik, 685 - 670. al-Walid I, 705 - 715. Sulayman, 715 - 717. 'Umar II, 717 - 720. Yazid II, 720 - 724. Hisham, 724 - 743.al-Walid II, 743. Yazid III, 743-744. Ibrahim, 744. Marwan II, 744-750. ABBASID CALIPHS ruling from Baghdad. al-Saffah, 749 - 754. al-Mansur, 754 - 775.Ibrahim b. 'Abd Allah, Usurper, 762 - 763. al-Mehidi, 775 - 785.al-Hadi, 785 - 786 Harun al-Rashid, 786 - 809.al-Natiq Musa, 810 - 811. al-Amin, 809 - 813. al-Ma'mun, 810 - 833 Abu'l-Saraya al-Shaybani, Usurper, Jan. - Sep. 815. al-Mu'tasim, 833 - 842. al-Wathiq, 842 - 847. al-Mutawakkil, 847 - 861. al-Muntasir, 861 - 862. al-Musta'in 862 - 866. al-Mu'tazz, 866 - 869. al-Muhtadi, 869 - 870. al-Mu'tamid, 870 - 892. al-Muwaffaq, heir to throne 875 - 892. al-Mu'tadid, 892 - 902. al-Muktafi, 902-908. al-Muqtadir, 908 - 932. al-Qahir, 932-934.al-Radi, 934 - 940. al-Muttaqi, 940 - 944. al-Mustakfi, 944 - 946. al-Muti', 946 - 974. al-Muqtadi, 1075 - 1094. al-Mustazhir, 1094 - 1118. al-Mustanjid, 1160 - 1170. al-Mustadi, 1170 - 1180. al-Nasir, 1180 - 1225. al-Zahir, 1225 - 1226 al-Mustansir, 1226 - 1242. al-Musta'sim, 1242 - 1258. In 1258 the Mongols overran Baghdad, killing the Caliph. |
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