AMPHLIPOLIS

Amphipolis was founded by the Athenians in 437 BC on the river Strymon in Macedonia to protect their mining interests in the north. It was the main power base of the Athenians in Thrace but, in 424 BC, surrendered to the Spartan general, Brasidas. The city preserved its independence until 357 when it was captured by Philip II of Macedon, when it became an integral part of Macedonia.

Under Philip V of Macedon (221–179 BC) and his son Perseus of Macedon (179–168 BC), the kingdom clashed with the rising power of the Roman Republic. During the 2nd and 1st centuries BC, Macedon fought a series of wars with Rome. Two major losses that led to the end of the kingdom were in 197 BC when Rome defeated Philip V, and 168 BC when Rome defeated Perseus. Macedon was defeated and in spite of a brief atempt by Andricus to restore the monarchy in 149 BC, became the Roman province of Macedonia.