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MEMORIA FELIX - Constantius71 viewsAE Follis, London, 307 - 310
6.73gm, 24mm
Ox: DIVO CONSTANTIO PIO
O: Laureate, veiled and cuirassed bust right.
Rx: MEMORIA FELIX, PLN in ex.
R: Lighted and garlanded altar; on either side, eagle.
RIC VI.110 (C), ex. Dave HermanPaul DiMarzio
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GENIO POP ROM - Maximinus II71 viewsAE Follis, London, Summer 307
7.56gm, 25mm
Ox: GAL VAL MAXIMINVS NOB C
O: Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Rx: GENIO POP ROM, PLN in ex.
R: Genius standing left, modius on head, naked but for chlamys over left shoulder, holding patera in right hand, cornucopiae in left.
RIC VI.89a (C), ex. Clive EyrePaul DiMarzio
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Constantine I IOVI CONSERVATOI AVGG NN RIC VI Siscia 23471 viewsFollis, 20x22mm, 3.56g.
Obverse: IMP CONSTANTINVS PF AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust R.
Reverse: IOVI CON-SERVATORI AVGG NN, Jupier standing L with victory and sceptre, eagle with wreath at his feet. A in R. field.
Exe: SIS (Siscia, Officina 1).
RIC VI 234, early 313, C.Robert_Brenchley
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Ouazebas71 viewsObverse: Bust rt. Garment draped on shoulders, v-neck collar, wearing a head cloth. Bust is flanked by 3 wheat stalks, cross above. Greek inscription not legible typically +OYAZEBACBACI/\EYC (King Ouazebas) though often incomplete or incorrect.
Reverse: Similar smaller bust to Obv. Enclosed in a circle. Area inside circle gilt. Cross at top and Greek legend outside the circle. +TOYTOAP[CHTHXWPA (May this please the country/people). Numerous variants of lettering, sometimes written upside down or backwards.
Mint :
Date : AD. 4th C
Reference : M-H 54, V29
Grade : F
Weight : 2.0g
Metal : Copper
Comments : AE 17mm, Die Axis 0Peattie
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Constantius II- SPES REIPVBLICE71 viewsConstantius II, 22 May 337 - 3 November 361 A.D.
Obverse:
Head right, bust draped, cuirassed, and perl-diademed.
DN CONSTAN-TIVS PF
DN: Dominus Noster
CONSTAN-TIVS: Constantius
PF: Pius Felix
Reverse:
SPES REI-PVBLICE
SPES: Faith/ hope
REI-PVBLICE: Republic
Emperor helmeted in military dress standing left holding globe in right and spear in left
Domination: Bronze, AE 4, size 15 mm
Mint: ANB, Antiochia. In RIC VIII it is listed as Antiochia 193; dated 6 Nov.355-3 Nov.361; scarce
Peter Wissing
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Constans- Victoriae Avg71 viewsConstans, 9 September 337 - 19 January 350 A.D.
Obverse:
Head right and pearl-diademed
D N CONSTANS P F AVG
D N: Dominus Noster, Our Lord, in the context of our lord and ruler of the Roman people.
CONSTANS: Constans
P F: Pius Felix
AVG: Augustus, emperor
Reverse:
Victoria AVG
Constans, 9 September 337 - 19 January 350 A.D.
Obverse:
Head right and pearl-diademed
D N CONSTANS P F AVG
D N: Dominus Noster, Our Lord, in the context of our lord and ruler of the Roman people.
CONSTANS: Constans
P F: Pius Felix
AVG: Augustus, emperor
Reverse:
Victoria AVG
Victoria: Victory
AVG: Augustus, emperor
Victory standig left, holding laurel wreath and branch.
Domination: Bronze, AE 4, size 14 mm,
Mint: It starts with SM, so Constantinopolis is doubtful. SMALA I think is too long for the space
Browsing through RIC VIII I found the following possibilities:
RIC VIII, Heraclea 43; ex. SMHA
RIC VIII, Constantinopolis 64; ex. CONSA
RIC VIII, Nicomedia 47; ex. SMNA
RIC VIII, Cyzicus 37; ex. SMKA
RIC VIII, Antiochia 66; ex. SMALA
Comments:
0. The Victory sticks out, and the lettering on the reverse is extremely odd.
1. The overall style seems (to me) a little off.
2. There seems to be a raised edge or lip.
3. While Victory is in high relief, the exergue line and most of the exergue are not there.
4. As Evan noted; the style of the legend.
5. Such a long neck this constans..
While any of these things by themselves probably wouldn’t raise any of my doubts, together they do. I could be totally off here but I just have a bad feeling about this one.
Peter Wissing
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Caracalla 198-217 denarius71 viewsOb. ANTONINUS PIVS AVG GERM Head right
Rev. P.M.TR.P.XVII.COS.IIII.P.P. Apollo seated left resting hand on lyre
Ref. Sear 1835
Year 214AD
ANTONIUS PIUS AUGUSTUS GERMANICUS - Antonius Pius is your Emperor and Augustus and has conquered the Germans
PONTIFEX MAXIMUS TRIBUNICIA POTESTAS XVII CONSUL IIII PATER PATRIAE - High priest, Tribune of the People for the seventeenth time, Consul for the fourth time and father of the country
-:Bacchus:-Bacchus
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GREEK, Macedonian Kingdom, Philip II.71 viewsFather of Alexander the Great - 359-336 BC. AE17
Obv.: Head of Apollo facing right. Rev.: Youth on horse prancing right, FILIPPOY in field above; L beneath, between horse's legs.
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Girolamo Priuli Cyprus71 viewsObv: +S. MARCVS. VENETVS
Rev: +HIERON. PRIOLI. DVX
Girolamo Priuli was Doge 1559-1567. This is a billon kartza, carzia or denarius struck in Venice for use in Cyprus
Thanks to Manzikert for attribution
-:Bacchus:-Bacchus
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BYZANTINE, Michael VIII 1261-1282 Constantinople71 viewsObv: Christ Standing
Rev: Emperor Enthroned with Scepter and Globus
Sear 2290, Michael VIII UC 4
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BYZANTINE, Thessalonica Manuel 1230-123771 viewsObv: St. Theodore
Rev: Emperor and St. Demetrius with Sword Between Them, Manus Dei Above
Sear 2182
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Italy- Rome- The Arch of Constantine The Great71 viewsArch of Constantine
The Arch of Constantine is a triumphal arch in Rome, situated between the Colosseum and the Palatine Hill. It was erected to commemorate Constantine's victory over Maxentius at the Battle of Milvian Bridge on October 28, 312 AD. Dedicated in 315 AD, it is the latest of the extant triumphal arches in Rome, from which it differs by the extensive re-use of parts of earlier buildings.
General Description
The arch is 21 m high, 25.7 m wide and 7.4 m deep. It has three archways, the central one being 11.5 m high and 6.5 m wide, the lateral archways 7.4 m by 3.4 m each. The lower part of the monument is built of marble blocks, the top (called attic) is brickwork revetted with marble. A staircase formed in the thickness of the arch is entered from a door at some height from the ground, in the end towards the Palatine Hill. The general design with a main part structured by detached columns and an attic with the main inscription above is modelled after the example of the Arch of Septimius Severus on the Forum Romanum. It has been suggested that the lower part of the arch is re-used from an older monument, probably from the times of the emperor Hadrian (Conforto et al., 2001; for a defence of the view that the whole arch was constructed in the 4th century, see Pensabene & Panella). The arch spans the Via Triumphalis, the way taken by the emperors when they entered the city in triumph. This route started at the Campus Martius, led through the Circus Maximus and around the Palatine Hill; immediately after the Arch of Constantine, the procession would turn left and march along the Via Sacra to the Forum Romanum and on to the Capitoline Hill, passing both the Arches of Titus and Septimius Severus. During the Middle Ages, the Arch of Constantine was incorporated into one of the family strongholds of ancient Rome. Works of restoration were first carried out in the 18th century; the last excavations have taken place in the late 1990s, just before the Great Jubilee of 2000.
Decoration
The decoration of the arch heavily uses parts of older monuments, which are given a new meaning in the context of the Constantinian building. As it celebrates the victory of Constantine, the new "historic" friezes illustrating his campaign in Italy convey the central meaning: the praise of the emperor, both in battle and in his civilian duties. The other imagery supports this purpose: decoration taken from the "golden times" of the Empire under Trajan, Hadrian and Marcus Aurelius places Constantine next to these "good emperors", and the content of the pieces evokes images of the victorious and pious ruler. Another explanation given for the re-use is the short time between the start of construction (late 312 at the earliest) and the dedication (summer 315), so the architects used existing artwork to make up for the lack of time to create new one. As yet another possible reason, it has often been suggested that the Romans of the 4th century lacked the artistic skill to produce acceptable artwork and therefore plundered the ancient buildings to adorn their contemporary monuments. This interpretation has become less prominent in more recent times, as the art of Late Antiquity has been appreciated in its own right. It is, of course, possible that a combination of two or all three of those explanations are correct, as they are not mutually exclusive.
Attic
Above the middle archway, the main inscription (see below) takes the most prominent place of the attic. It is identical on both sides of the arch. Flanking the inscription on both sides, there are pairs of relief panels above the minor archways, 8 in total. They were taken from an unknown monument erected in honour of Marcus Aurelius, and show (north side, left to right) the emperor's return to Rome after the campaign (adventus), the emperor leaving the city and saluted by a personification of the Via Flaminia, the emperor distributing money among the people (largitio), the emperor interrogating a German prisoner, (south side, left to right) a captured enemy chieftain led before the emperor, a similar scene with other prisoners, the emperor speaking to the troops (adlocutio), and the emperor sacrificing pig, sheep and bull. Together with three panels now in the Capitoline Museum, the reliefs were probably taken from a triumphal monument commemorating Marcus Aurelius' war against the Sarmatians from 169 - 175, which ended with his triumphant return in 176. On the largitio panel, the figure of Marcus Aurelius' son Commodus has been eradicated after the latter's damnatio memoriae. On top of each of the columns stand marble statues of Dacian prisoners from the times of Trajan, probably taken from the Forum of Trajan. From the same time date the two large (3 m high) panels decorating the attic on the small sides of the arch, showing scenes from the emperor's Dacian Wars. Together with the two reliefs on the inside of the central archway, they came from a large frieze celebrating the Dacian victory. The original place of this frieze was either the Forum of Trajan, as well, or the barracks of the emperor's horse guard on the Caelius.
Main Section
The general layout of the main facade is identical on both sides of the arch. It is divided by four columns of Corinthian order made of Numidian yellow marble (giallo antico), one of which has been transferred into the Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano and was replaced by a white marble column. The columns stand on bases showing victory figures on front, and captured barbarians and Roman soldiers on the sides. The spandrels of the main archway are decorated with reliefs depicting victory figures with trophies, those of the smaller archways show river gods. Column bases and spandrel reliefs are from the times of Constantine. Above each lateral archway are pairs of round reliefs dated to the times of emperor Hadrian. They display scenes of hunting and sacrificing: (north side, left to right) hunt of a boar, sacrifice to Apollo, hunt of a lion, sacrifice to Hercules, (south side, left to right) departure for the hunt, sacrifice to Silvanus, hunt of a bear, sacrifice to Diana. The head of the emperor (originally Hadrian) has been reworked in all medaillons: on the north side, into Constantine in the hunting scenes and into Licinius or Constantius I in the sacrifice scenes; on the south side, vice versa. The reliefs, c. 2 m in diameter, were framed in porphyry; this framing is only extant on the right side of the northern facade. Similar medaillons, this time of Constantinian origin, are placed on the small sides of the arch; on the eastern side, showing the Sun rising, and on the western side, the Moon, both on chariots. The main piece from the time of Constantine is the "historical" relief frieze running around the monument under the round panels, one strip above each lateral archway and at the small sides of the arch. These reliefs depict scenes from the Italian campaign of Constantine against Maxentius which was the reason for the construction of the monument. The frieze starts at the western side with the "Departure from Milan". It continues on the southern, "outward" looking face, with the siege of a city, probably Verona, which was of great importance to the war in Northern Italy; also on that face, the Battle of Milvian Bridge with Constantine's army victorious and the enemy drowning in the river Tiber. On the eastern side, Constantine and his army enter Rome; the artist here has avoided to use the imagery of the triumph, as Constantine probably did not want to be shown triumphant over the Eternal City. On the northern face, looking "towards" the city, two strips with the emperor's actions after taking possession of Rome: Constantine speaking to the citizens on the Forum Romanum, and distributing money to the people.
Inner Sides of the Archways
In the central archway, there is one of the large panels of Trajan's Dacian War on either wall. Inside the lateral archways, eight portraits busts (two on each wall), destroyed to such an extent that it is not possible to identify them any more.
Inscriptions
The main inscription reads:
IMP · CAES · FL · CONSTANTINO · MAXIMO · P · F · AVGUSTO · S · P · Q · R · QVOD · INSTINCTV · DIVINITATIS · MENTIS · MAGNITVDINE · CVM · EXERCITV · SVO · TAM · DE · TYRANNO · QVAM · DE · OMNI · EIVS · FACTIONE · VNO · TEMPORE · IVSTIS · REM-PUBLICAM · VLTVS · EST · ARMIS · ARCVM · TRIVMPHIS · INSIGNEM · DICAVIT
Which means in English:
To the Emperor Caesar Flavius Constantinus, the greatest, pious, and blessed Augustus: because he, inspired by the divine, and by the greatness of his mind, has delivered the state from the tyrant and all of his followers at the same time, with his army and just force of arms, the Senate and People of Rome have dedicated this arch, decorated with triumphs.
The words instinctu divinitatis ("inspired by the divine") have been much commented. They are usually read as sign of Constantine's shifting religious affiliation: The Christian tradition, most notably Lactantius and Eusebius of Caesarea, relate the story of a vision of the Christian god to Constantine during the campaign, and that he was victorious in the sign of the cross at the Milvian Bridge. The official documents (esp. coins) still prominently display the Sun God until 324 AD, while Constantine started to support the Christian church from 312 on. In this situation, the vague wording of the inscription can be seen as the attempt to please all possible readers, being deliberately ambiguous, and acceptable to both pagans and Christians. As was customary, the vanquished enemy is not mentioned by name, but only referred to as "the tyrant", drawing on the notion of the rightful killing of a tyrannical ruler; together with the image of the "just war", it serves as justification of Constantine's civil war against his co-emperor Maxentius.
Two short inscriptions on the inside of the central archway transport a similar message: Constantine came not as conqueror, but freed Rome from occupation:
LIBERATORI VRBIS (liberator of the city) - FUNDATORI QVIETIS (founder of peace)
Over each of the small archways, inscriptions read:
VOTIS X - VOTIS XX SIC X - SIC XX
They give a hint on the date of the arch: "Solemn vows for the 10th anniversary - for the 20th anniversary" and "as for the 10th, so for the 20th anniversary". Both refer to Constantine's decennalia, i.e. the 10th anniversary of his reign (counted from 306), which he celebrated in Rome in the summer of 315 AD. It can be assumed that the arch honouring his victory was inaugurated during his stay in the city.
Peter Wissing
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ROMAN EMPIRE, Maximianus - Abdication Issue71 viewsFollis, 7.9 gm, 26.9 mm
Obv: D N MAXIMIANO FELICISSIMO SEN AVG
Laureate bust right in imperial mantle holding olive branch and mappa.
Rev: PROVIDENTIA DEORVM QVIES AVGG
Providentia extending hand to Quies holding downward branch and leaning on scepter.
Minted 305-306 at Serdica, mm: Γ/S/•SM•SD•/F RIC 15b.
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ROMAN EMPIRE, Septimius Severus denarius71 viewsSeptimius Severus Denarius - Neptune
OBVERSE: SEVERVS PIVS AVG, laureate head right
REVERSE: PM TRP XVII COS III P P, Neptune standing left, holding a trident, foot on globe
18mm - 3 grams
REFERENCE: RIC228
EF
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POST MEDIEVAL, Spain, Philip IV, 8 Maravedis from Seville 1621-1665 (coin 4)71 viewsobv: Bust right, his inscription around.
rev: Coat of arms.
Note: Note: Philip IV of Castille (Spanish: Felipe IV) (April 8, 1605 – September 17, 1665) was the king of Spain, from 1621 until his death, and king of Portugal as Philip III (Portuguese: Filipe III) until 1640. In his realms he was known as the Planet King, after the Sun (the fourth planet in the astronomy of the time). Thanks Howard Cole for proper ID.
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1204-1261 AD - Latin Occupation of Constantinople - Sear 2024 - AE Trachy71 viewsLatin Occupation of Constantinople (1204-1261 AD)
Date: 1204-1261 AD
Condition: Mediocre
Denomination: AE Trachy
Obverse:  - 
Bust of Christ.
Reverse: MAN HCΛ ΔECΠOTHC
Emperor standing, holding sceptre cruciger.
Sear 2024
1.39g; 16.7mm; 180?°Pep
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Pseudo-autonomous, Thessalonika, AE1571 viewsNike standing left on a globe, holding wreath and palm, crescent moon in left field.
ThEC/CALO/NIKE/WN in four lines, surrounded by laurel wreath, eagle at top
Touratsoglou, Emission II, Group C, 9, same dies (V3, R3), attributed to the time of Nerva- Trajan, 96 - 117 AD.
Moushmov 6651whitetd49
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BYZANTINE, Latin Trachy 1204-1261 Constantinople71 viewsObv: Virgin Enthroned
Rev: Emperor and St. Theodore with Patriarchal Cross Between Them
22-26 mm
Small module imitation of Empire of Nicaea trachy, Sear 2061
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Philip I AR Antoninianus 244-24971 viewsOb. IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG, radiate draped bust right
Rev. LIBERALITAS AVGG II, Liberalitas standing left with abacus & cornucopiae
Ref. RIC 38b, RSC 87
-:Bacchus:-Bacchus
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ROMAN EMPIRE, Gallienus FIDES AVG71 viewsGallienus, 260-268 A.D., Asia mint.
OBV: GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, cuirassed bust right.
REV: FIDES AVG, Mercury standing left holding purse and caduceus. PXV in exergue.
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4.2 Aelia Capitolina (Roman Jerusalem)71 viewsAntoninus Pius
Aelia Capitolina (Jerusalem) city coin
rev. M AVRELIVS CAESAR C A C
young Marcus Aurelius, bare head, Caesar Ecgþeow
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Tanit Punic - SNG 19071 viewsBillon 2 Shekels - Cathage - 300 BC
Weight: 10.9 gms
Obv.: Wreathed head of Tanit left ; Rev.: Horse standing right, palm behind.
SNG 190Tanit
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ROMAN EMPIRE, Philip I AR Antoninianus / Roma reverse71 viewsAttribution: RIC 44b (RIC IV, Part III), Cohen 169
Mint: Rome
Date: 246-247 AD
Obverse: IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG; Radiate, cuirassed, draped bust right, seen from behind
Reverse: ROMAE AETERNAE; Roma seated left, Victory in right hand, scepter in left, shield at side
Size: 23mm x 24mm
Weight: 4.28 grams
Ex CNG, Electronic Auction 121, Lot 243, September 2005
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BYZANTINE, Andronicus II 1282-1328 Thessalonica71 viewsObv: Cross Potent with Rays in Fields
Rev: Winged Emperor Facing Left, Holding Model Castle
Unpublished obverse. Reverse is the same as Sear 2370.
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132 - Probus - RIC 624 - Bust Type H (Siscia) (XXIV)71 viewsObv:– IMP C M AVR PROBVS P F AVG, Radiate bust left in imperial mantle, holding sceptre surmounted by eagle
Rev:– ADVENTVS AVG, Emperor riding left right hand raised, left holding scepter (without captive)
Minted in Siscia (XXIV in exe) Emission 5 Officina 5. A.D. 278
Reference:– RIC 624 Bust type H. Alföldi type 5, n° 96maridvnvm
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Septimius Severus, AE 2871 viewsAV K L SEP SEVHROS
Bust laureate, draped, seen from behind
V AV GALLOV MARKIANOPOLIT
Dionysos (Sabazios?) standing facing, head left, holding thrysos and kantharos, panther at his feet
cf. AMNG Pick 557 but Dionysos is clothed, not nude. Possibly a depiction of a Thracian cult of Dionysos.
cf. Varbanov (Eng.) I, 746 but with legend variations - same obverse die as Varb. 750 with Dionysis reverse
H&J 6.14.8.2 whitetd49
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[2400a] Pergamon, Mysia: AE14, ca. 300 BC71 viewsMYSIA, PERGAMON, Æ14, ca. 300 BC. BMC 15, SGC 3965. 2.0 gm. VF/aVF; Pergamon mint. Obverse: Head of Athena right, in close fitting crested helmet; Reverse; ATHENAS - NIKHFOPOY either side of owl standing, facing, wings closed; all within olive-wreath. Obverse device a clean strike of a lovely Athena. Ex Inclinatiorama.
The city of ancient Pergamon (or Pergamum, today's Bergama) was created by the newly-founded royal dynasty in the mid-third century BCE. It became one of the classic late-Hellenistic cities, on a dramatically steep site, with imaginatiave solutions to the urban design problems created by the site, wonderfully embellished by the generous attention of its royal (and other) patrons. The site divides into two main sections, the steep upper town and the flat lower town. Though today's Bergama is entirely in the lower areas, a number of important remains have survived even there: the Asklepieion, one of the major healing centres of antiqity, the Red Hall (Serapeum), the stadium, a Roman Bridge and tunnel. But it is the upper town that captures the imagination, with its extensive remains, innovations, and drama.
http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~prchrdsn/pergamon.htm
The Attalids, the descendants of Attalus, the father of Philetaerus who came to power in 282 BC, were among the most loyal supporters of Rome among the Hellenistic successor states. Under Attalus I, they allied with Rome against Philip V of Macedon, during the first and second Macedonian Wars, and again under Eumenes II, against Perseus of Macedon, during the Third Macedonian War. For support against the Seleucids, the Attalids were rewarded with all the former Seleucid domains in Asia Minor.
The Attalids ruled with intelligence and generosity. Many documents survive showing how the Attalids would support the growth of towns through sending in skilled artisans and by remitting taxes. They allowed the Greek cities in their domains to maintain nominal independence. They sent gifts to Greek cultural sites like Delphi, Delos, and Athens. They defeated the invading Celts. They remodeled the Acropolis of Pergamum after the Acropolis in Athens. When Attalus III died without an heir in 133 BC he bequeathed Pergamon to Rome, in order to prevent a civil war.
The Great Altar of Pergamon is in the Pergamon Museum, Berlin. The base of this altar remains on the upper part of the Acropolis. Other notable structures still in existence on the upper part of the Acropolis include: a Hellenistic theater with a seating capacity of 10,000; the Sanctuary of Trajan (also known as the Trajaneum); the Sancturay of Athena; the Library; royal palaces; the Heroön; the Temple of Dionysus; the Upper Agora; and the Roman baths complex. Pergamon's library on the Acropolis is the second best in the ancient Greek civilisation (the ancient Library of Pergamum), after that of Alexandria. When the Ptolemies stopped exporting papyrus, partly because of competitors and partly because of shortages, the Pergamenes invented a new substance to use in codices, called pergaminus or parchment after the city. This was made of fine calf skin, a predecessor of vellum. The lower part of the Acropolis has the following structures: the Upper Gymnasium, the Middle Gymnasium, the Lower Gymnasium, the Temple of Demeter, the Sanctuary of Hera, the House of Attalus, the Lower Agora and the Gate of Eumenes.
Three km south of the Acropolis was the Sanctuary of Asclepius (also known as the Asclepeion), the god of healing. In this place people with health problems could bath in the water of the sacred spring, and in the patients' dreams Asklepios would appear in a vision to tell them how to cure their illness. Archeology has found lots of gifts and dedications that people would make afterwards, such as small terracotta body parts, no doubt representing what had been healed. Notable extant structures in the Asclepeion include the Roman theater, the North Stoa, the South Stoa, the Temple of Asclepius, a circular treatment center (sometimes known as the Temple of Telesphorus), a healing spring, an underground passageway, a library, the Via Tecta (or the Sacred Way, which is a colonnaded street leading to the sanctuary) and a propylon.
Pergamon's other notable structure is the Serapis Temple (Serapeum) which was later transformed into the Red Basilica complex (or Kızıl Avlu in Turkish), about 1 km south of the Acropolis. It consists of a main building and two round towers. In the first century AD, the Christian Church at Pergamon inside the main building of the Red Basilica was one of the Seven Churches to which the Book of Revelation was addressed (Revelation 1:12, ESV).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pergamon
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
Cleisthenes
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Mysia, Priapos, c. 3rd Cent. B.C.71 viewsMysia, Priapos, c. 3rd Cent. B.C.
Bronze AE 9, Priapos
0.812g, 9.5mm, 90°
Obv.: laureate head of Apollo right
Rev.: PRIA, cray-fish right, shell below
ex FORVMareich
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ROMAN EMPIRE, Salonina SALVS AVG71 viewsSalonina, 267 A.D., Asia mint. (Antioch?)
OBV: SALONINA AVG, diademed, draped bust right on crescent.
REV: SALVS AVG, Salus standing right, feeding serpent held in her arms.
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71 viewsAnd. II / Michael IX, aEF. The coin is common, but is RARE uncliped.Alexios
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Numidia71 viewsNumidia, Kings of. Micipsa. Circa 148-118 BC. Æ 23mm (9.10 gm). Laureate, bearded head left / Prancing horse left.Tanit
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Justinian I follis71 viewsFollis, 527-532, Constantinople, 5th officina, 16.8g, 30mm, light green patina.vercingetorix
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Britain, Caerleon, Isca Silurum, Inscription to Gaius Valerius Victor - Standard Bearer71 viewsA plaque with inscription found at Caerleon. Caerleon, (known as Isca Sulla to the Romans) was founded by Vespasian and was the headquarters for Legio II Augusta from about A.D. 75 to A.D. 300.
D M
G VALERIVS G F
GALERIA VICTOR
LVGDVNI SIG LEG II AVG
STIP XVII ANNOR XLV CV
RAI AGENT ANNIO PERPETVO H
DIS MANIBVS
GAIVS VALERIVS GAI FILLVS
GALERIA (TRIBV) VICTOR
LVGDVNI SIGNIFER LEGIONIS II AVGVSTAE
STRIPENDIORVM XVII ANNORVM XLV CV-
RAIM AGENTE ANNIO PERPETVO HEREDE
"To the spirits of the departed; Gaius Valerius Victor, son of Gaius, of the Galerian voting tribe, from Lugdunum, standard-bearer of the Second Augustan Legion, of 17 years; service, Aged 45, set up under the charge of Annius Perpetuus, his heir."maridvnvm
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Constans - Constantinople71 viewsAE2/3 Centenionalis, 4.17 g, 21 mm, 12 h, 348-351 AD
Obverse: D N CONSTA-NS P F AVG
Pearl-diademed, draped, cuirassed bust left, holding globe with right hand
Reverse: FEL TEMP REPA-RATIO
Helmeted soldier, head left, spear in left hand, advancing right; with right hand, leading small bare-headed figure from hut beneath tree. Spear points downwards between soldier's legs.
Exergue: CONSIH*
Constantinople mint
RIC VIII 88drjbca
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Titus AR Denarius71 views Titus, as Augustus. 24 June 79 - 13 September 81 A.D.
AR Denarius
Ob: IMP TITVS CAES VESPASIAN AVG P M, laureate head of Titus, facing right.
Rv: TR P IX IMP XV COS VIII P P, diadem on a draped table; also described as throne with back in form of a diadem with corn ears.
Struck 80 A.D.
RIC 242, RSC 313, RCV 846, Sear/RCV 2514
Dark toned, dullish surface.Scotvs Capitis
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Thracia, Nikopolis ad Nestum, Caracalla, Komnick 46 (#2)71 viewsCaracalla, AD 198-217
AE 28, 17.23g
obv. AVT KM AVRH - [ANTWNEINOC]
Bust, laureate, r.
rev. OVL NIKOPOLE - WC PR MECTW
Female deity (Demeter?), in long garment, stg. frontal, head l., holding patera in r. hand and
resting with l. hand on sceptre entwined by snake
ref. Komnick 46 (V8/R44); Varbanov (engl.) 4319; c.f. Moushmov 4058
very rare, about VF
The deity is called by Komnick Hygieia!Jochen
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Cilicia, Tarsos, Maximinus I, SNG Paris II, 159171 viewsMaximinus I, AD 235-238
AE 30, 21.49g
obv. AVT.K.G.IOV.[OVH.MAZIMEI]NOC /P - P
Bust, draped and cuirassed, radiate, r.
rev. TARCOV THC MHTROPOLE[WC]
Apollo, stg. facing on omphalos, head. l., holding bow and arrow in l. hand and
in lowered r. hand dog on fore-legs
in l field A / M / K
in upper r. field G, in lower r. field B
SNG Paris II, 1591 (Thanks to Luigi!)
extremly rare, good F, brown-green patina
Most often this Apollo is named Apollo Lykeios. But this is not correct! Please look at the thread 'Coins of mythological interest'.Jochen
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Cárbula semis (2)71 viewsObserve: Female head to the right. Snake before. X behind.
Reverse: CARBVLA. Lyre.
Weight: 11,3 gr. Size: 27 mm.
FAB. 336. LV.3
Dated: Beginning II Century B.C.
The mint of Cárbula is now in the village of Almodovar del Río near Córdoba. Corduba
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ROMAN EMPIRE, Maximinus I, Denarius71 viewsMaximinus I 235-238 A.D.
Obv: MAXIMINVS PIVS AVG GERM
Rev: PAX AVGVSTI
RIC 19
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BYZANTINE, Andronicus III 1328-1341 Thessalonica71 viewsObv: Emperor and St. Demetrius holding a long cross between them, with a star overhead.
Rev: Winged patriarchal cross (indistinct)
17 mm, .47 g.
Sear 2483
This coin is overstruck on a debased non-Byzantine denier of some sort, which I'm trying to identify (if you can identify it, please let me know!). On the obverse, directly over the star is an "O." To the left of the O is an indistinct letter, and to the left of that is a cross. The reverse looks like a heraldic shield with some lettering around it, indistinct except for a dot followed by an "A" at the top.
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ROMAN EMPIRE, Septimius Severus, Denarius71 viewsSeptimius Severus 193-211 A.D.
Obv: SEVERVS PIVS AVG
Rev: PM TRP XVI COS III PP
RIC 216
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ROMAN IMPERATORS, Mark Antony & Octavian71 viewsMark Antony & Octavian 43 B.C.
Obv: M ANTON IMP III VIR RPC
Rev: CAESAR IMP III VIR RPC
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MACEDON - ALEXANDER III - THE GREAT71 viewsSilver drachm, Price 1750, F, 4.19g, 16.9mm, 0o, Kolophon mint, c. 323 - 319 B.C.; obverse head of Herakles right, clad in lion skin headdress; reverse ALEXANDROU, Zeus enthroned left, eagle in right, scepter in left, right leg drawn back, grain kernel left, spear head right
Alexander III The Great, Macedonian Kingdom, 336 - 323 B.C.
dpaul7
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Galatia, Ankyra, Antoninus Pius, BMC 771 viewsGalataia, Ankyra, Antoninus Pius, AD 138-161
AE 28, 13.15g
obv. [AVT KAI] ADRI ANTW - NEINW CEB PIW
bare head, r.
rev. H METROPOLIC THC - GALATIAC ANKVRA
Amazon (as City Tyche), wearing mural Crown, in short chiton, wearing boots, advancing r. with waving chlamys, holding shield
and double-axe in l. hand and rudder in extended r. hand
BMC 7
about VF, spotted patina
For more information look at the thread 'Coins of mythological interest'.
Jochen
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ILLYRIA - DYRRHACHIUM71 viewsFOUREE DRACHM -- Cekas 94 to 98. c. 200-30 B.C.E. Cow suckles calf, ARISTON. Reverse: double stellate pattern. dpaul7
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ENGLAND - JAMES I71 viewsJames I hammered shilling, silver. Very nice!dpaul7
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Bithynia, Kios, Geta, possibly unpublished71 viewsGeta as Augustus, AD 209-212
AE 24, 7.42g
obv. AYT.KP.CE - GETAC AY
Bust, cuirassed, laureate, r.
rev. K - IA - NW - N
Youthful Hylas, with waving clothes around hips, advancing r., drinking from a
jug he is holding with his r. hand
Ref.: cf. SNG von Aulock 518 (Volusian, only for rv.!), citing Rec.Gen p.330, 125
(Volusian); so possibly unpublished in the major works
very rare, F+, deep brown patina
Hylas was a beautiful young boy, the 'catamite' (Pat Lawrence) of Herakles, abducted by Nymphs near Kios. For more information please look at the thread 'Mythological interesting coins'!
Jochen
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Caracalla - UNIFACE PLASTER CAST71 viewsObv:- M AVREL ANTONINVS CAES, Draped, bare headed bust right
UNIFACE PLASTER CASTmaridvnvm
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027 BC-14 AD - AVGVSTVS AE as - struck by C. Plotius Rufus moneyer (15 BC)71 viewsobv: CAESAR AVGVSTVS TRIBVNIC POTEST (bare head right)
rev: C PLOTIVS RVFVS III VIR AAA FF / S.C.
ref: RIC I 389, C.504 (2frcs)
mint: Rome
11.06gms, 28mm
The moneyers were called tresviri aere argento auro flando feriundo, literally "three men for striking (and) casting bronze, silver (and) copper (coins)". The title was abbreviated III. VIR. AAA. FF. on the coinage itself. These men were also known collectively known as the tresviri monetalis or sometimes, less correctly, as the triumviri monetales.berserker
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177-192 AD - COMMODUS AE dupondius - struck 179 AD71 viewsobv: L AVREL COMMODVS AVG TRP IIII (radiate head right)
rev: IMP III COS II PP / S.C. (Victory advancing left bearing wreath & palm)
ref: RIC III 1614(M.Aurelius), C.237
12.18gms, 25mm
History: In 177, the Quadi rebelled, followed soon by their neighbours, the Marcomanni and Marcus Aurelius once again headed north, to begin his second Germanic campaign (secunda expeditio germanica). He arrived at Carnuntum in August 178, and set out to quell the rebellion in a repeat of his first campaign, moving first against the Marcomanni.berserker
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027 BC-14 AD - AUGUSTUS AE22 of Berytus 71 viewsobv: IMP.CAES AVGVSTVS (bare head of Augustus right)
rev: COL.IVL (founder plowing with two oxen, left)
ref: BMC 52, RPC 4540,
mint: Berytus
8.45gms, 22mm
Colony Berytus (modern Beirut) in Phoenicia. Augustus sent to it part of the veterans takens from two legions (V Macedonica and VIII Augusta) as a reinforcement to the first military settlers of Julius Caesar.berserker
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SPAIN - PHILIP IV71 viewsSPain, Philip IV (1621-1665). 4 Maravedis Resellado. Countermarked in 1652. Type #28 (Cayon). Mint not visible.dpaul7
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14-37 AD - AUGUSTUS memorial AE as - struck under Tiberius (22/23-(?)30 AD)71 viewsobv: DIVVS AVGVSTVS PATER (radiate head of Augustus left)
rev: Altar with double panelled door, uncertain ornaments in top, S-C either side of altar, PROVIDENT in ex.
ref: RIC I 81 (Tiberius), BMC146, C.228 (5frcs)
10.33gms, 26mm
Scarceberserker
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81-96 AD - DOMITIAN AE dupondius - struck 90-91 AD71 viewsobv: [IMP].CAES.DOMIT.AVG.GERM.COS.XV. CENS.PER.P.P. (radiate head right)
rev: FORTVNAE AVGVS[TI] / S.C. (Fortuna standing left, holding rudder and cornucopiae)
ref: RIC II 392, C.132 (2frcs)
mint: Rome
12.97gms, 26.5mm
Fortune, a goddess to whose worship the Romans were devoutly attached.berserker
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26 Macrinus71 viewsDenarius. IMP C M OPEL SEV MACRINVS AVG, laureate bust right / FELICITAS TEMPORVM, Felicitas standing left holding long caduceus & cornucopiae. RIC 56, RSC 8a, BMC 60. Weight 3.31 g. Die axis 6 hr. Max Dia 18.9
mix_val
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Indo-Sasanian, Chaulukyas of Gujarat71 viewsIndo-Sasanian, Chaulukyas of Gujarat, undetermined ruler. Billon Drachm or Gadhaiya Paisa. Struck c. AD 1030-1120 Obverse Highly stylized head of Sasanian king Peroz. Reverse Stylized fire altar. Weight 4.12gm Diameter 16mm Reference Deyell 158; Göbl Hummen Em. 294. Grade Good Very Fine, lightly toned. Late imitation of the coinage of Peroz which was carried into Northern India
by invading Huns more half a millenium earlier.dpaul7
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Britain, Chedworth Villa, 10, Bath complex, Cold room 71 viewsChedworth Roman Villa, Yanworth, nr Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, Gread Britain
One of the largest Roman villa sites found in the UK. Found and initially excavated by the Victorians. Still being excavated today maridvnvm
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Britain, Caerwent, Venta Silurum, 03, West Gate71 viewsVenta Silurum (modern village of Caerwent, Wales, UK) was a Roman city founded sometime after A.D. 75.
The site is open to the public to walk round. The predominant remains being the late 3rd / 4th century stone wall enclosure, which was added to replace the wooden enclosure that dated back to the 2nd century. There were four gates, with the east and west gates being the largest and cotrolling the najority of traffic in/out of the town.maridvnvm
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10-01 - C. POBLICIUS, A. POSTUMIUS S. F. ALBINUS y L. CAECILIUS METELLUS (96 A.C.)71 viewsAR Denarius 18 mm 3.4 gr
Anv: "L·METEL detrás A·ALB·S·F delante de Cabeza laureada de Apolo viendo a derecha - "*" debajo del cuello.
Rev: "C·MALL" (AL en ligadura) - Roma sentada a izquierda sobre una pila de escudos, detrás de ella Victoria coronándola. "ROMA" en exergo.
Ceca: Roma
Referencias: Sear RCTV Vol.1 #220 Pag.114 - Craw RRC #335/1 a-c - Syd CRR #611-611a - BMCRR #724/726/730 - RSC Vol.1 Caecilia 45-46a Pag.21mdelvalle
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Orodes II, AE tetradrachm71 viewsOrodes II, Early-mid 2nd Century A.D., AE Tetradrachm
Obv: Bearded facing bust, wearing diademed tiara. Star within crescent, above an anchor with two bars, to the right. Chaldeo-Pahlavi legend to left.
Rev: Dashes
van't Haaff 13.3.1
Sear GIC 5903
de Morgan 42
Sear CIG 5903
Alram 477
BMC 28 260 1ff
Mitchiner ACW 711-712Howard Cole
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94-21 - CLAUDIO GOTICO (268 - 270 D.C.)71 viewsAE Minimus? (Pequeño módulo) 14 x 13 mm 2.2 gr.
Anv: "[DIVO CLAVDIO]" - Cabeza radiada viendo a derecha.
Rev: "[CONSE]CRATIO" - Aguila parada de frente con su cabeza hacia la derecha y sus alas extendidas.
IMITACIÓN ITALIANA, Después de la revuelta de Mont Caelius (Una de las 7 colinas de Roma, hoy Celio) de Roma en 271 D.C., los monetarios de la ciudad perdieron su estatus de monetarios oficiales, sin embargo continuaron acuñando moneda, indudablemente en Italia del norte, así pasaron a ser simples falsificadores.
Acuñada después de 271 D.C.
Ceca: No oficial
Referencias: RIC Vol.V Parte I #266 Pag.234 - Sear RCTV (1988) #3227 -Cohen Vol.VI #41 Pag.134 - DVM #44/2 Pag.256 - Nor.#1115 - Göbl#98 mOa mdelvalle
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A113-20 - GALERIO Como Cesar de Diocleciano (293 - 305 D.C.)71 viewsAE Follis 27 x 25 mm 9.3 gr.
Anv: "GAL VAL MAXIMIANVS NOB CAES" - Cabeza laureada, viendo a derecha.
Rev: "GENIO POPVLI ROMANI" - Genio de pié a izquierda, desnudo salvo modius en la cabeza y chlamys colgando desde su hombro izquierdo, portando patera en la mano de su brazo derecho extendido de la que cae cierto líquido y cornucopia en izquierda. "ANT·" en exergo y "B" en campo derecho.
Acuñada 304 - 305 D.C.
Ceca: Antiochia (Off.2da)
Rareza: C2
Referencias: RIC Vol.VI (Antiochia) #59b Pag.621 - Cohen Vol.VII #78 Pag.109 - DVM #29 var Pag.281 - Salgado MRBI Vol.III #7169.m. Pag.65 mdelvalle
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A121-70 - Constantino I "El Grande" (307 - 337 D.C.)71 viewsAE3/4 Centenional 16 mm 1.4 gr.
Anv: "CONSTANTINVS MAX AVG" - Busto con diadema rosetada, coraza y Paludamentum (capote militar) sobre ella, viendo a derecha.
Rev: "GLOR-IA EXERC-ITVS" - Dos Soldados de pié enfrentados, sosteniendo un escudo y una lanza vertical invertida cada uno. Entre ellos UN estandarte. "CONSA" en exergo.
Acuñada 336 - 337 D.C.
Ceca: Constantinopla (Off.1ra.)
Rareza: R1
Referencias: RIC Vol.VII (Constantinople) #137 Pag.589 - Cohen Vol.VII #243 Pag.257 - DVM #94 Pag.292 - Salgado MRBI Vol.III #8277.i. Pag.170 - Sear RCTV (1988) #3887mdelvalle
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A121-72 - Constantino I "El Grande" (307 - 337 D.C.)71 viewsAE3/4 Centenional 15 mm 1.5 gr.
Anv: "CONSTANTINVS MAX AVG" - Busto con diadema rosetada, coraza y Paludamentum (capote militar) sobre ella, viendo a derecha.
Rev: "GLOR- · IA EXERC-ITVS" - Dos Soldados de pié enfrentados, sosteniendo un escudo y una lanza vertical invertida cada uno. Entre ellos UN estandarte. "SMKΓ" en exergo.
Acuñada 336 - 337 D.C.
Ceca: Cyzico (Off.3ra.)
Rareza: R4
Referencias: RIC Vol.VII (CYzicus) #135 Pag.659 - Cohen Vol.VII #243 Pag.257 - DVM #94 Pag.292 - Salgado MRBI Vol.III #8277.k. Pag.170 - Sear RCTV (1988) #3887mdelvalle
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A121B-05 - Acuñaciones Conmemorativas Roma - Constantinopla71 viewsAE3/4 Centenional 17 x 18 mm 2.7 gr.
Anv: "VRBS ROMA" - Busto de Roma vistiendo yelmo coronado y con penacho de pluma y manto imperial, viendo a Izquierda.
Rev: "ANEPIGRAFA" (Sin Leyenda) - Loba madre parada a izquierda dando de mamar a Romulo y Remo, a quienes mira. Dos estrellas sobre la loba. "SMKΓ" en exergo.
Acuñada 331 - 333/4 D.C.
Ceca: Cyzico (Off.3ra.)
Rareza: R3
Referencias: RIC Vol.VII (Cyzicus) #91 Pag.656 - Cohen Vol.VII #17 Pag.330 - DVM #2 Pag.292 - Salgado MRBI Vol.III #8305.k. Pag.174 - Sear RCTV (1988) #3894mdelvalle
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Elagabal RIC IV, 4071 viewsElagabal, AD 218-222
AR - denarius, 3.52g, 17mm
Rome, AD 221
obv. IMP ANTONINVS PIVS AVG
bust, unbearded, draped, laureate, r.
rev. PM TRP IIII COS III PP
Sol, nude except chlamys flowing behind him, advancing l., holdingg whip in l. hand and raising r. hand in greeting pose.
RIC IV/2, 40; C.184; BMC 242
VF, slightly toned
The star is here the symbol of the sun-god.Jochen
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020a, CARIA, Knidos. Circa 465-449 BC. AR Drachm.71 viewsCARIA, Knidos. Circa 465-449 BC. AR Drachm - 16mm (6.06 g). Obverse: forepart of roaring lion right; Reverse: archaic head of Aphrodite right, hair bound with taenia. Cahn 80 (V38/R53); SNG Helsinki 132 (same dies); SNG Copenhagen 232 (same dies). Toned, near VF, good metal. Ex Barry P. Murphy.
While this coin falls within the time frame that numismatists call "Classical" Greek coinage, I have chosen to place it in both the "Archaic" (coin 020a) and "Classical" Greek sections of my collection. This specimen is one of those wonderful examples of transition--it incorporates many elements of the "Archaic" era, although it is struck during the "Classical" Greek period and anticipates characteristics of the later period.
As noted art historian Patricia Lawrence has pointed out, "[this specimen portrays] A noble-headed lion, a lovely Late Archaic Aphrodite, and [is made from]. . . beautiful metal." The Archaic Aphrodite is reminiscent of certain portraits of Arethusa found on tetradrachms produced in Syracuse in the first decade of the 5th century BC.
Knidos was a city of high antiquity and as a Hellenic city probably of Lacedaemonian colonization. Along with Halicarnassus (present day Bodrum, Turkey) and Kos, and the Rhodian cities of Lindos, Kamiros and Ialyssos it formed the Dorian Hexapolis, which held its confederate assemblies on the Triopian headland, and there celebrated games in honour of Apollo, Poseidon and the nymphs.
The city was at first governed by an oligarchic senate, composed of sixty members, and presided over by a magistrate; but, though it is proved by inscriptions that the old names continued to a very late period, the constitution underwent a popular transformation. The situation of the city was favourable for commerce, and the Knidians acquired considerable wealth, and were able to colonize the island of Lipara, and founded a city on Corcyra Nigra in the Adriatic. They ultimately submitted to Cyrus, and from the battle of Eurymedon to the latter part of the Peloponnesian War they were subject to Athens.
In their expansion into the region, the Romans easily obtained the allegiance of Knidians, and rewarded them for help given against Antiochus by leaving them the freedom of their city.
During the Byzantine period there must still have been a considerable population: for the ruins contain a large number of buildings belonging to the Byzantine style, and Christian sepulchres are common in the neighbourhood.
Eudoxus, the astronomer, Ctesias, the writer on Persian history, and Sostratus, the builder of the celebrated Pharos at Alexandria, are the most remarkable of the Knidians mentioned in history.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cnidus
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.Cleisthenes
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Pompeii wall painting71 viewsAnother stunning painting from Pompeii. The colors seem like they were painted yesteday.Jay GT4
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Caracalla, Serdika, Emperor on horseback, AE3171 viewsThrace. Serdika. Caracalla.
AE 31 mm, 18.0 g
Obverse: AVT K M AVP CEV ANTΩNEINOC, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right
Reverse: OVΛΠIAC CERΔIKHC, Emperor on horseback right, holding scepter and raising right hand.
GICV -
ex Silenos Coins
Tiathena: 'Very lovely! Beautiful horse! &nd beautiful patina!'areich
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Hybrid Faustina Junior / Marcus Aurelius Denarius71 viewsObv: FAVSTINA AVGVSTA - Draped bust right.
Rev: P M TR P XVIII IMP II COS III / ARMEN - Armenia seated left, mourning, left hand resting on bow and quiver; before her, vexillum and shield.
Cat #: RIC.81 (reverse)
Weight: 4.25goa
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BYZANTINE, Theodore I 1208-1222 Nicaea71 viewsObv: Virgin Enthroned
Rev: Emperor and St. Theodore with Patriarchal Cross Between Them
Sear 2061
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FA027139-0100106-I452. Constantine I AE Follis. Treveri Mint. Marti Conservatori.71 viewsObv: IMP CONSTANTINVS AVG; bust C; laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Rev: MARTI CONSERVATORI; Helmeted and cuirassed bust of Mars right.
Mint marks:
21.7mm; 3.8g; 180 deg.
Minted 310-313 AD.
RIC VI 882; S.Varangian
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BYZANTINE, Bulgarian Imitation 1200-1202(?)71 viewsObv: Virgin Enthroned
Rev: Emperor Holding Sceptre and Akakia
DO IV pl XXVI 2
Imitation of Isaac II Angelus, Sear 2003
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City Commemorative71 viewsAE 17 mm 3.1 grams 337-340 AD
OBV :: CONSTAN-TINOPOLIS. laureate, helmeted, wearing imperial mantle, holding reversed spear bust left
REV :: ** no legend ** . Victory standing left with right foot on prow of ship. Scepter in right hand, left hand resting on shield on ground.
EX :: SMALB ( Alexandria )
RIC VII Alexandria 64
from uncleaned lot 10/2007
RIC RATED R1
Johnny
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Roman Marcus Aurelius Divus Denarius71 viewsDivus Marcus Aurelius Denarius. DIVVS M ANTONINVS PIVS, bare head right / CONSECRATIO, eagle standing right on garlanded altar, head left.
RIC 272 [Commodus], RSC 84, BMC 17
ScarceTanit
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Roman Hadrian Denarius71 viewsHadrian Denarius. Late 117 AD. IMP CAESAR TRAIAN HADRIANVS AVG, laureate bust right, draped far shoulder / P M TR P COS II / PIE-TAS, Pietas, veiled, standing left raising right hand.
RIC 45Tanit
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71 viewsISLANDS off THRACE, Thasos. Circa 500-480 BC
AR Drachm (19mm, 2.42 g)
Ithyphallic satyr running right, carrying off protesting nymph
Quadripartite incuse square
Le Rider, Thasiennes 3; SNG Copenhagen 1016; HGC 6, 332
Ardatirion
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Licinius I RIC VII Alexandria 2871 viewsAE 19 mm 2.9 grams 321-324 AD
OBV :: IMP C VAL LICIN LICINIVS PF AVG. Radiate, draped and cuirassed busr right
REV :: IOVI CONS-ERVATORI . Jupiter standing left holding eagle tipped scepter and Victory on globe , Chalmy across left shoulder, leaning on eagle-tipped sceptre. Eagle with wreath left, captive right. X over II Mu in right field
EX :: SMALA (Alexandria )
RIC VII Alexandria 28
RIC rated R1
from uncleaned lot 09/2007 Johnny
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[18H650] Pontius Pilate prefect for Tiberius Prutah, 31 BC71 viewsPONTIUS PILATUS PRUTAH. Hendin 650, aVF, 14.3mm, 1.94 grams. Minted 31 C.E. FULL "LIH" Date, (H partially hidden behind pretty patina can be revealed.)
THE COINS OF PONTIUS PILATE
Jean-Philippe Fontanille
INTRODUCTION
They are not really beautiful, or truly rare, nor are they of very great monetary value. Yet these apparently modest coins carry in their weight an era and an act which would have immense consequence to the history of the world. Indeed, they are closely associated with three basic factors which saw the foundation of Christianity :
1 - The temporal proximity : Most modern experts agree in recognising that the year now designated 30 C.E. marked the trial and the death of Jesus. Given that time-frame, Pilate's coins were minted in 29, 30 and 31 C.E.
2 - The geographic proximity : The most credible hypothesis indicates that these particular coins where struck in Jerusalem, the city in which the significant events took place.
3 - The human proximity : Pontius Pilate himself designed and put the coins into circulation, and of course he was the man who conducted the trial and ordered the crucifixion of Jesus.
So it is that everyone, whether a believer or simply a lover of history or of numismatics, will find in these coins direct evidence of and witness to an episode the memory of which has survived 2000 years : A momentous event which has to a great extent fashioned the world we know.
Throughout this article we will also note the exceptional character of Pilate's coins: Exceptional in the nature of the images they bear, for the numerous variants they offer, for the presence of countermarks, and above all for the part their originator played in history. The putative appearance of these coins imprints on the Turin shroud has yet to be confirmed by more solid scientific proofs.
Pilate's coins are Roman coins, the words on them are Greek, they were circulated in Judea, and today they are to be found distributed among world-wide collectors after having spent 2000 years buried in the earth. They were minted and used during a period which produced an event destined to change the face of the world, and issued at the command of one of the principal actors in that event. An amazing and dramatic destiny for apparently such humble and unassuming little coins !
For 35 years Pilate's coins were passed from hand to hand every day. They knew the scent of spice-stalls, heard the merchants' ranting, smelled the sweat and dust of daily works. They were alive to the sounds of Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek and Latin voices ¬ now haggling over a price, now offering prayers to YHVH, Jesus or Jupiter.
Nobody prays to Jupiter any more [?], but Pilate's coins are surviving witnesses to a time when the first Christians were considered as a messianic sect among several others in the midst of Judaism in crisis. The absolute split between Judaism and Christianity took place from about 70 C.E, the year which marked the tragic ending of the first Jewish rebellion. It was from that time, too, that Pilate's money ceased to be used.
Like each one of us, who carries always a few small coins in the bottom of our pockets; there is no doubt that some of Pilate's coins resonated to the last words of the most famous of all supplicants. A very long story had its beginning...
2. MANUFACTURE AND CIRCULATION
LOCATION OF MINTS
Although the prefects had their residencies in Cesarea, the administrative capital of the province, it seems that their money was minted in Jerusalem. Indeed, a specimen dated year 31 has been found in this town in an incomplete state of manufacture.
DURATION OF USE
It would seem that Pilate's money was in current use for at least 35 years. Indeed, some of it has been discovered among other coins during the excavation of remains of dwellings destroyed by the Romans during the first Jewish revolt, which is evidence that they were still in use at that time.
AREA OF CIRCULATION
These coins circulated far beyond the frontiers of Judea. Some samples have been discovered as far away as Antioch in present-day Turkey, nearly 500 kilometres from Jerusalem where they were minted. Others have also been found in Jordan. These limits represent a circulation area of at least 100.000 square kilometres, that is five times larger than the size of the state of Israel. Taking into account that it was a time when distances were expressed in terms of days of march, one begins to see the important influence of these coins.
3. THE IMAGES AND THE TEXTS
THE SIMPULUM
A fairly frequent symbol from the Roman religion of the time, the simpulum was a utensil used by the priests during their religious ceremonies. This little ladle, provided with shaft and a handle, allowed the priests to taste the wine which they poured onto the head of an animal destined for sacrifice, after which the soothsayer was empowered to examine the animal's entrails for signs and portents sent to men by the Gods through the medium of the interpreter. As I pointed, none of this would have been obvious at first sight of the motif except perhaps to a Roman citizen. However, it throws some light on the theory put forward by F.A. Banks [Coins of the Bible Days].
This wasn't the first time that the simpulum appeared on Roman coins, but it is the first time it figured alone. This fact gives an additional specificity to Pilate's coins, not only in the context of Judea but also in comparison with all the other coins of the Empire.
THE THREE EARS OF BARLEY
The three ears or barley are featured on the opposing face of the simpulum. Unlike the simpulum, these ears of barley are not in contravention of the Jewish Law. The motif is nevertheless distinctive because it is the first time it appears on a Judean coin. The motif would reappear twelve years later on one of Herod Agrippa's coin, then on another, much rarer, of Agrippa II (ears of barley held in a hand). After that, the motif disappeared altogether from ancient Jewish coins.
THE LITUUS
The lituus was the wooden staff which the augurs held in the right hand; it symbolised their authority and their pastoral vocation. It was raised toward heavens while the priests invoked the Gods and made their predictions. Legend records that Romulus used it at the time of Rome's foundation in 753 B.C.E. It is interesting to note that the cross used in present times is the direct descendant of the lituus. As with the simpulum, Pilate's coinage is exceptional in that it alone displays the lituus as the sole object illustrated on the face.
THE WREATH
The laurel wreath is a symbol of power and victory, and figures on various ancient Greek and Roman coins. In Judea it can be found during the reign of John Hyrcanus I (134 to 104 B.C.E.). After that, Herod Antipas, speaker for Pilate, used it on all his coins. On Pilate's coins, the laurel wreath figures on the reverse side of the lituus, framing the date.
THE DATES
The notation of dates uses a code invented by the Greeks whereby each letter of the alphabet was assigned a number. This code would be used again in Judaism under the name of Guematria. The system is simple : the first ten letters of the alphabet are linked to units (1,2,3...), the following ten letters to tens (10,20,30...) and the four remaining letters to the first four hundreds. The "L" is an abbreviation meaning "year". Tiberius became emperor on September 17 of year 14 C.E, so we have :
LIS = Year 29 C.E. * LIZ = Year 30 C.E. * LIH = Year 31 C.E.
THE TEXTS
The legends on Pontius Pilate's coins are written in Greek. Judea, governed by the Ptolemy dynasty (301 to 198 B.C.E) then by the Syrians until 63 B.C.E, came under the same powerful influence of the Hellenic culture which touched the other territories of the ancient Persian Empire won by Alexander the Great. In spite of a certain amount of resistance, this Hellenistic heritage eventually crept into every aspect of daily life. Apart from the dates, the texts on Pilate's coinage consisted of only three different words : - TIBEPIOY KAICAPOC (Of Tiberius Emperor) on all three coins; - IOYLIA KAICAPOC (Empress Julia) added to the coin of year 29.
http://www.numismalink.com/fontanille1.html
Pontius Pilate
After the deposition of the eldest son of Herod, Archelaus (who had succeeded his father as ethnarch), Judea was placed under the rule of a Roman procurator. Pilate, who was the fifth, succeeding Valerius Gratus in A.D. 26, had greater authority than most procurators under the empire, for in addition to the ordinary duty of financial administration, he had supreme power judicially. His unusually long period of office (A.D. 26-36) covers the whole of the active ministry both of St. John the Baptist and of Jesus Christ.
As procurator Pilate was necessarily of equestrian rank, but beyond that we know little of his family or origin. Some have thought that he was only a freedman, deriving his name from pileus (the cap of freed slaves) but for this there seems to be no adequate evidence, and it is unlikely that a freedman would attain to a post of such importance. The Pontii were a Samnite gens. Pilate owed his appointment to the influence of Sejanus. The official residence of the procurators was the palace of Herod at Cæsarea; where there was a military force of about 3,000 soldiers. These soldiers came up to Jerusalem at the time of the feasts, when the city was full of strangers, and there was greater danger of disturbances, hence it was that Pilate had come to Jerusalem at the time of the Crucifixion. His name will be forever covered with infamy because of the part which he took in this matter, though at the time it appeared to him of small importance.
Pilate is a type of the worldly man, knowing the right and anxious to do it so far as it can be done without personal sacrifice of any kind, but yielding easily to pressure from those whose interest it is that he should act otherwise. He would gladly have acquitted Christ, and even made serious efforts in that direction, but gave way at once when his own position was threatened.
The other events of his rule are not of very great importance. Philo (Ad Gaium, 38) speaks of him as inflexible, merciless, and obstinate. The Jews hated him and his administration, for he was not only very severe, but showed little consideration for their susceptibilities. Some standards bearing the image of Tiberius, which had been set up by him in Jerusalem, caused an outbreak which would have ended in a massacre had not Pilate given way. At a later date Tiberius ordered him to remove certain gilt shields, which he had set up in Jerusalem in spite of the remonstrances of the people. The incident mentioned in St. Luke 13:1, of the Galilaeans whose blood Pilate mingled with the sacrifices, is not elsewhere referred to, but is quite in keeping with other authentic events of his rule. He was, therefore, anxious that no further hostile reports should be sent to the emperor concerning him.
The tendency, already discernible in the canonical Gospels, to lay stress on the efforts of Pilate to acquit Christ, and thus pass as lenient a judgment as possible upon his crime, goes further in the apocryphal Gospels and led in later years to the claim that he actually became a Christian. The Abyssinian Church reckons him as a saint, and assigns 25 June to him and to Claudia Procula, his wife. The belief that she became a Christian goes back to the second century, and may be found in Origen (Hom., in Mat., xxxv). The Greek Church assigns her a feast on 27 October. Tertullian and Justin Martyr both speak of a report on the Crucifixion (not extant) sent in by Pilate to Tiberius, from which idea a large amount of apocryphal literature originated. Some of these were Christian in origin (Gospel of Nicodemus), others came from the heathen, but these have all perished.
His rule was brought to an end through trouble which arose in Samaria. An imposter had given out that it was in his power to discover the sacred vessels which, as he alleged, had been hidden by Moses on Mount Gerizim, whither armed Samaritans came in large numbers. Pilate seems to have thought the whole affair was a blind, covering some other more important design, for he hurried forces to attack them, and many were slain. They appealed to Vitellius, who was at that time legate in Syria, saying that nothing political had been intended, and complaining of Pilate's whole administration. He was summoned to Rome to answer their charges, but before he could reach the city the Emperor Tiberius had died.
Catholic Encyclopedia: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12083c.htm
As the man who presided over the trial of Jesus, who found no fault with the defendant and washed his hands of the affair by referring it back to the Jewish mob, but who signed the final death warrant, Pontius Pilate represents almost a byword for ambivalence.
He appears in a poor light in all four Gospels and in a favourable light in the apocryphal Gospel of Peter where the Jews take all the blame for Jesus' death.
In the later Acts of Pilate, he is both cleared of responsibility for the Crucifixion and is said to have converted to Christianity.
In the drama of the Passion, Pilate is a ditherer who drifts towards pardoning Jesus, then drifts away again. He tries to pass the buck several times, makes the decision to save Jesus, then capitulates.
The former Archbishop of Canterbury, the late Robert Runcie once wrote, "It would have been better for the moral health of Christianity if the blame had stayed with Pilate."
In a poignant moment in the course of the trial, Pontius Pilate responds to an assertion by Jesus by asking "What is truth?"
The truth about Pilate is difficult to ascertain since records are few. Legends say he was a Spaniard or a German, but most likely he was a natural-born Roman citizen from central Italy.
But the fact that he was definitely the Procurator of Judea from 26 to 36 AD helps to establish Jesus as a real person and fixes him in time.
The official residence of the procurators was the palace of Herod at Caesarea, a mainly non-Jewish city where a force of some 3,000 Roman soldiers were based.
These would come to Jerusalem during the time of feasts when there was a greater danger of disturbances. This would explain Pilate's presence in the city during the time of the Crucifixion.
Pilate is recorded by several contemporary historians; his name is inscribed on Roman coins and on a stone dug up in Caesarea in the 1960s with the words, PONTIUS PILATUS PRAEFECTUS PROVINCIAE JUDAEAE.
The governorship of Judea was only a second-rate posting, though having the Jewish religious capital, Jerusalem, on its patch would have increased its importance.
Pilate ruled in conjunction with the Jewish authorities and was under orders from Emperor Tiberius, to respect their culture. He was a soldier rather than a diplomat.
The Jews relied on the Romans to keep their own rebellious factions under control. But they appeared to hate Pilate.
One contemporary Jewish historian Philo, describes him as a violent thug, fond of executions without trial. Another, Josephus, records that, at the start of his term, Pilate provoked the Jews by ordering the imperial standards to be carried into Jerusalem.
But he backed off from an all-out confrontation. On the other hand, later, he helped himself to Jewish revenues to build an aqueduct.
When, according to Josephus, bands of resistance fighters, supported by crowds of ordinary people, sabotaged the project by getting in the way of Pilate's workmen, he sent in his soldiers. Hundreds were massacred.
Anne Wroe, author of a recent book Pilate: the Biography of an Invented Man, says that for some modern scholars, given this propensity for violence when the occasion warranted, the idea of Pilate as a waverer is nonsense.
A Roman governor, they point out, would not have wasted two minutes thinking about a shabby Jewish villain, one among many. Wroe's depiction of Pilate, however, suggests he was something of a pragmatist.
His first duty was to keep the peace in Judea and to keep the revenues flowing back to Rome. "Should I have jeopardised the peace for the sake of some Jew who may have been innocent?", she has Pilate asking. "Should I have defied a furious crowd, maybe butchered them, to save one life?"
Whatever the truth about the real Pontius Pilate, such dilemmas are what he has come to symbolise.
Anne Wroe makes the modern comparisons of Neville Chamberlain in 1938. Bill McSweeney, of the Irish School of Ecumenics suggests that "without the Pilates of Anglo-Irish politics, we might never have had the Good Friday Agreement".
Tony Blair has said of Pilate: "It is possible to view Pilate as the archetypal politician, caught on the horns of a dilemma."
Even if, in reality, the Jesus affair was nothing but a small side-show in the career of Pontius Pilate, it had monumental repercussions for his image.
His inclusion in the Christian creeds, in the words of Robert Runcie, "binds the eternal realms to the stumbling, messy chronology of earthly time and place".
BBC: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1273594.stm
The Ethiopian Church recognized Pilate as a saint in the sixth century, based on the account in the Acts of Pilate
Although historians can pinpoint the exact date of death of many distinguished historical figures, the date of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ remains a matter of scholarly debate. Christ’s birth is most often dated between 7-5 BC (some scholars have suggested, however, His birth was as early as 20 BC). Christ’s Death and Resurrection is dated between 29-36 AD.
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
Cleisthenes
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Colombia71 viewsKm212.2 - 10 Centavos - 1956
Km226 - 10 Centavos - 1967
Km215.1 - 20 Centavos - 1956
Km246.1 - 20 Centavos - 1971
Km281.1 - 10 Pesos - 1989
Km282.1 - 20 Pesos - 1991
Km272 - 50 Pesos - 1989
Km283.2 - 50 Pesos - 2003Daniel F
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New Zealand71 viewsKm31 - 1 Cent - 1975
Km32 - 2 cents - 1982
Km7 - 3 Pence - 1943
Km61 - 10 Cents - 1988Daniel F
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Licinius I RIC VII Antioch 3571 viewsAE 19 mm 3.4 grams 321-323 AD
OBV :: IMP C VAL LICIN LICINIVS PF AVG. Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
REV :: IOVI CONS-ERVATORI . Jupiter standing left, chalmy across left shoulder holding Victory on globe / leaning on eagle-tipped sceptre. Eagle with wreath left, captive right . X over II Mu in right field
EX :: SMANTB (Antioch)
RIC VII Antioch 35
RIC rated R2
from uncleaned lot 10/2006
modern blotchy patinaJohnny
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Constantius II RIC VII Alexandria 80 var71 viewsAE 18 mm 2.7 grams
OBV :: CONSTAN-TIVS PF AVG. Pearled diadem, draped and cuirassed bust right
REV :: FEL TEMP REPARATIO. Soldier spearing fallen horseman. Horseman is bare headed and reaching
EX :: ALEA (Alexandria)
RIC VII Alexandria 80 Var
unlisted in ric due to headress
RIC rated C2
from uncleaned lot 09/2006
Johnny
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Caracalla, Heraclea Pontica, Heracles capturing the Cretan Bull, AE3071 viewsAE30, 16.35g
obv: laureate bust right
rev: Heracles capturing the Cretan Bull (his seventh labor). Rare, punctured in antiquity.
GICV -areich
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Uganda71 viewsKm30 - 10 Shillings - 1987Daniel F
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Macrinus denarius71 viewsFELICITAS TEMPORVMTibsi
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Thessaly, Larissa, Drachm71 viewsSilver Drachm
Obv:– Youth wrestling or restraining bull, both to left.
Rev:– LARI/SAIA, bridled horse galloping right, rein trailing, all in incuse square
Minted in Thessaly, Larissa from .c. 440-400 B.C.
Ref:– SNG Cop 110. SGCV I 2111
6.022g, 20.0mm, 270 degreesmaridvnvm
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Herennius Etruscus, as Augustus. AR Antoninianus. AD 251. Victory71 viewsImperial Rome, Herennius Etruscus, as Augustus. AD 251. AR Antoninianus. Rome. 3.45g. IMP C Q HER ETR MES DECIO AVG, his radiate, draped and cuirassed bust rt. / VICTORIA GERMANICA, Victory advancing rt., holding a wreath and palm. Coh. 41; RIC 154.
It took me 10 years to finally get one of these!Fausta
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Julia Domna, AE-Triassarion. Hadrianopolis, Thrace. Obverse Brockage71 viewsRoman Empire, Julia Domna, AD 193 - 217. AE-25. Hadrianopolis, Thrace. Her draped bust rt. / Brockage of the obverse.
I have several other triassarion pieces in my collection sharing the same obverse die.Fausta
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