| Most viewed - 3. The Reign of Domitian - Imperial Coins |
RIC 145 Domitian130 viewsAR Denarius, 3.50g
Rome mint, 82-83 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMITIANVS AVG P M; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: SALVS AVGVST; Salus std. l., with corn ears and poppy
RIC 145 (R). BMC 54. RSC 412. BNC 54.
In 82 AD Domitian banished his a rationibus Tiberius Julius and then proceeded to increase the fineness of both the silver and gold coins to pre-Neronian standards. The portraits also became more refined, prompting C. H. V. Sutherland to remark they possessed an expression of 'critical disdain, of a kind familiar to the medalist of Louis XLV'.
This denarius dates to 82-83 AD when Domitian improved the quality of the precious metal coinage. The reverse depicts Salus holding grain ears and poppies, an attribute H. Mattingly speculated may refer to Domitian's care for Italian agriculture. The coin itself is darkly toned with hints of a rainbow patina.
David Atherton
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RIC 460 Domitian130 viewsAR Denarius, 3.35g
Rome mint, 86 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P VI; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XIIII COS XII CENS P P P; Minerva stg. l., with spear (M4)
RIC 460 (R). BMC (spec. acquired 1989). RSC 210c. BNC -.
Acquired from A. G .& S. Gillis, April 2013.
All the denarii from this fifth issue of 86 minted after September are quite rare. Domitian was rapidly accumulating imperial salutations during the year, which are likely in conjunction with his Dacian Wars of 85-86. This coin records his fourteenth imperial salutation.
A decent coin with honest wear and a very stylish portrait.
Additional attribution thanks to Curtis Clay.David Atherton
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RIC 427 Domitian130 viewsAR Denarius, 3.35g
Rome mint, 86 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P V; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XI COS XII CENS P P P; Minerva stg. r. on capital of rostral column, with spear and shield; to r., owl (M2)
RIC 427 (R). BMC p. 318 note. RSC 186. BNC 89.
Acquired from MNS, May 2014.
This denarius from the first issue of 86 recording Domitian's 11th imperial acclamation from the previous Autumn, due to the First Dacian War, can be somewhat closely dated between 1 January and the Spring (he received his 12th imperial acclamation between 17 March and 13 May). Later in 86 Domitian personally conducted the Second Dacian War due to severe reverses when two legates were lost in succession. This was the year the denarius coinage settled down into a consistent pattern which would be repeated year after year for the rest of the reign - an unadorned portrait on the obverse with the four standard Minerva types dominating the reverse. There would be exceptions to this of course, but they would be few and far between.
Stylistically the coin is pleasing, similar to those from 85. Hints of rainbow toning can be detected in hand as well. David Atherton
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RIC 769 Domitian129 viewsAR Denarius, 3.77g
Rome mint, 94 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P XIIII; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XXII COS XVI CENS P P P; Minerva stg. l., with spear (M4)
RIC 769 (C). BMC 221. RSC 284a. BNC 197.
Acquired from Forvm Ancient Coins, December 2017. Ex G&N 14, 2 March 2017, lot 602.
Struck between mid September and 31 December. Although the frequency rating in RIC rates this denarius as 'common' it is a fairly rare dating combination, owing to the fact it was minted for just a few months.
Superb style and in fantastic condition.David Atherton
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RIC 623b Domitian127 viewsÆ As, 10.13g
Rome mint, 88 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P VIII CENS PER P P; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: COS XIIII LVD SAEC FEC; S C in exergue; Domitian stg. l., sacrificing over altar; to l., flute player and lyre player stg. r.; in background, temple, wreath in pediment
RIC 623b (C2). BMC 434. BNC 471.
Acquired from Künker, January 2019. Ex Heinrich Pilartz Münzhandlung.
In October 88 AD Domitian held the Secular Games, a festival featuring theatrical performances and circus games accompanied by six various daytime and nighttime religious ceremonies. The games marked the transition from one era (saeculum) to another and were supposedly held once every 110 years, or the maximum span of a human lifetime, making them a 'once in a lifetime' event. Domitian conducted his games on the Augustan calculation, rejecting the formula for the Claudian games held in 47 AD. The festival was important enough to interrupt the normal striking of reverse types on the coinage and for the mint to produce a new unique issue commemorating the event both in precious metal and bronze. The precious metal designs tended to be symbolic while the bronze were more narrative in nature, focusing on the various religious sacrifices that were at the heart of the games.
The reverse on this as features a daytime victimless sacrifice of cakes to Apollo and Diana on the sixth and last day of the celebrations, held in front of an unidentified hexastyle temple somewhere on the Palatine. The stylised nature of the reverse's design makes it difficult to pinpoint the temple in question. The generic decorative wreath in the pediment offers no clues. Another variant of the type (RIC 623a) has an eagle in the pediment, perhaps an indication the engravers were not intending to depict a specific temple at all. The scene could stand alone and be an excellent representation for all the religious ceremonies of the games. The main message of the design is to show the Roman people that Domitian provided and responsibly held the Secular Games. The fact this type was struck in fairly large quantities hints it was an important piece of Domitianic propaganda.
Struck on a large flan in fine style.David Atherton
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RIC 604 Domitian126 viewsAR Denarius, 3.18g
Rome mint, 88 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P VIII; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: COS XIIII across field; Column inscribed LVD SAEC FEC; all within laurel wreath
RIC 604 (C). BMC 137. RSC 70. BNC 126.
Acquired from Cerberus Ancient Coins, October 2010.
Minted in 88 AD to commemorate the Secular Games Domitian held in that same year, the reverse actually shows the column which the senate dedicated in honour of the games. A wonderful example of a coin illustrating a moment in history.David Atherton
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RIC 098 Domitian126 viewsAR Denarius, 2.84g
Rome mint, 82 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMITIANVS AVG P M; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: TR POT COS VIII P P; Minerva adv r., with spear and shield (M1)
RIC 98 (C). BMC 24. RSC 592. BNC 34.
This denarius was struck in the early 82, prior to Domitian's overhaul of the mint later that same year when the fineness of the denarius was increased and the reverse types changed over to new designs. The type of Minverva advancing right was issued for Domitian as Caesar under Titus and continued to be struck for him as Augustus. This reverse design survived the mint reorganisation and became one of the four standard Minerva types used on his denarii from 83 until the end of the reign.
Struck on a tight flan in good early style.
David Atherton
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RIC 585 Domitian125 viewsAR Denarius, 3.04g
Rome mint, 88 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERMAN P M TR P VII; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XIIII COS XIIII CENS P P P; Minerva stg. l., with spear (M4)
RIC 585 (R2). BMC -. RSC -. BNC -.
Ex Private Collection
This denarius is from a very common issue struck in 88 which is peppered with exceedingly rare variants. Here we have an obverse legend spelling of 'GERMAN' instead of the much more common 'GERM'. The experimental nature of the scarce variants perhaps ties them with the Secular Games which were held later the same year. After 88, new legends and reverse designs did not make another appearance on Domitian's denarius issues until the last year (or months) of his reign in 95-96.
Fine portrait on a broad flan.David Atherton
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RIC 768 Domitian124 viewsAR Denarius, 3.21g
Rome mint, 94 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P XIIII; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XXII COS XVI CENS P P P; Minerva stg. l., with thunderbolt and spear, shield at her l. side (M3)
RIC 768 (C). BMC (spec. acquired 1989). RSC 284b. BNC -.
Acquired from Mauseus, August 2016.
This denarius is part of the last issue of 94, struck after mid September until the end of the year. The issue is somewhat scarce, although RIC rates all the denarii in it as 'common'.
Nice portrait and well centred. David Atherton
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RIC 094 Domitian123 viewsAR Denarius, 3.12g
Rome mint, 82 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMITIANVS AVG P M; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: TR POT COS VIII P P; Altar, garlanded and lighted
RIC 94 (R). BMC 32. RSC 598. BNC -.
Acquired from Timeline Originals, March 2012.
A unique to Domitian pulvinar reverse type as Augustus. The altar reverse is much more commonly found as a type for Domitian as Caesar under Titus, this specimen is one of the few examples as Augustus I've seen in trade.
The coin is also part of the last issue minted in early 82 before the fineness of the precious metal coinage was increased.David Atherton
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RIC 509 Domitian123 viewsAR Denarius, 3.04g
Rome mint, 87 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P VI; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XIIII COS XIII CENS P P P; Minerva stg. l., with thunderbolt and spear; shield at her l. side (M3)
RIC 509 (C). BMC 106. RSC 215a. BNC 105.
Acquired from Aegean Numismatics, December, 2013.
Domitian's denarius issues of 87 continued the same style and format of those from 86. From this time forward the four standard Minerva reverse types would dominate the denarii with a few minor interruptions. The mint during this period seems to have been divided up into separate officina based on reverse types according to Ian Carradice's careful die study of the issues (Coinage and Finances in the Reign of Domitian - 1983, p. 30). The officina system would continue until the end of the reign.
This denarius from the first issue of 87 is a good example of the quality and style of the mint at this time. Struck on a tight flan and darkly toned.David Atherton
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RIC 562 Domitian123 viewsAR Denarius, 3.45g
Rome mint, 88 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMITIAN AVG GERMANICVS; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: COS XIIII across field; Minerva adv r., with spear and shield (M1)
RIC 562 (R). BMC 141. RSC 67. BNC -.
Ex Spink eAuction 18055, 7 November 2018, The Michael Kelly Collection of Roman Coins part 2, lot 95.
In 88 AD Domitian struck a brief special issue of Minerva denarii with unusual obverse legends and austere reverse designs. The obverse legends deviate from the usual formula, sometimes spelling out fully DOMITIANVS and/or GERMANICVS and lacking a TR P number. The reverses feature only a terse legend across field with the IMP number absent. Here is an example from this rare issue with GERMANICVS spelled out on the obverse and the consular number across field on the reverse. Why the mint was experimenting with the legends and the layout of the reverses in 88 is a mystery. Perhaps the issue was struck in conjunction with a special event that year (the Secular Games?) and are commemorative in nature. Regardless, the mint soon returned the denarius to its conventional Minerva arrangement, hinting that these scarce issues were indeed struck for a special occasion.
Struck in good style. David Atherton
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RIC 251 Domitian123 viewsÆ Quadrans, 3.32g
Rome Mint, 84-85 AD
Obv: (No legend) Rhinoceros stg. l.
Rev: IMP DOMIT AVG GERM; S C in centre
RIC 251 (R). BMC -. BNC 542.
Acquired from Marc Breitsprecher, February 2019.
A few years into Domitian's reign an extraordinary issue of quadrantes were struck featuring a rhinoceros. Although the coins are undated, their production can be narrowed down between late 83 when he assumed the title Germanicus and 85 when the consular date XI appeared on the quadrantes. The type is highly unusual and breaks with the standard obverses that were normally featured on the quadrans. One may ask, why a rhinoceros? Certainly the animal was rare in Rome and most difficult to obtain. The rhinoceros depicted on the coin is the African species, identified by the two horns. Martial in his book 'On Spectacles' tells of such a rhinoceros in the Colosseum. Presumably, these coins were struck with that very 'star performer' in mind. Ted Buttrey wrote about this coin type in his article Domitian, the Rhinoceros, and the Date of Martial's "Liber De Spectaculis": "it is wrong to write off the rhinoceros of Domitian's coin casually, as if the coin were a picture postcard from the zoo: 'This is a rhinoceros'. No, coin types are pointed. Everything has to do with imperial advertisement and with its importance at the moment of issue: 'This is my rhinoceros'. Domitian's rhinoceros, in its supremacy in the arena might well stand as a metaphor for the invincible success of the emperor conquering general who had recently assumed the historically-weighted title of Germanicus." Coming back to Martial, he also speaks of tokens being showered upon the cheering crowds - could these quadrantes struck cheaply and in massive quantities have been gifts to the cheering mob at the arena? In essence, can this coin double as currency and a souvenir from a long ago day at the games in the Colosseum?
This variant of the famous rhinoceros quadrans is somewhat rare (no examples in the BM) because of the obverse legend beginning in the upper right, more commonly it begins in the lower left. Artistically, most of the rhinos depicted on these coins have a lot to be desired. Some look like wild boars with horns added for effect. Happily, the animal depicted on this coin's obverse indeed looks every part the powerful and fearsome beast which awestruck Roman audiences - as a matter of fact, it appears to be charging with its head down. Perhaps the engraver was a witness to the very games martial describes?
As mentioned above, the rhino depicted on the coin is the two-horned African species. In contrast, the Indian rhino has one horn. Pliny in his Natural Histories describes the rhinoceros as a one horned creature (although confusingly he confirms its Ethiopian origins), Martial said it had two. The rhino was so rare in Rome, Pliny had to go all the way back to the games of Pompey the Great in 55 BC to find a reference for the animal on display in the city, apparently it was a one-horned Indian rhino. At any rate, both the numismatic evidence and Martial's description coincide rather nicely to confirm that Domitian, at great expense no doubt, brought to Rome an African rhinoceros for his shows in the new Colosseum. The surviving coins featuring this fantastic beast prove how important a feat this was to the emperor.
Well centred with a lovely green patina and fine style.David Atherton
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RIC 733 Domitian122 viewsAR Denarius, 3.58g
Rome mint, 92 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P XI; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XXI COS XVI CENS P P P; Minerva stg. l., with spear (M4)
RIC 733 (C3). BMC 194. RSC 271. BNC 179.
Acquired from Forvm Ancient Coins, October 2014.
Here is a very common denarius struck between 1 January - 13 September 92 at a time of extremely high mint activity. The issue is the largest of the reign according to hoard finds (See Carradice, Coinage and Finances in the Reign of Domitian 1983). Domitian was campaigning against the Suebi and Sarmatians during 92, perhaps accounting for such an extraordinary output of coins.
The coin is in very fine style and struck on a tight flan. A most beautiful piece in hand.
David Atherton
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RIC 771 Domitian122 viewsAR Denarius, 3.30g
Rome mint, 95 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P XIIII; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XXII COS XVII CENS P P P; Minverva stg. r. on capital of rostral column, with spear and shield; to r., owl (M2)
RIC 771 (C2). BMC 223. RSC 289. BNC 201.
Acquired from Praefectus Coins, June 2015.
Domitian held the consulship in 95, which dates this denarius between 1 January and 13 September of that year. Brian Jones speculates that during 95/96 Domitian waged a campaign against the Iazyges in the vicinity of Singidunum. This military activity may account for the large issues of denarii struck during the final years of the reign.
A rounded, youthful looking portrait of Domitian is seen here. Interestingly, a mound of hair is perched atop the balding emperor, showcasing flattering and competent craftsmanship by the engraver. Honest wear with good toning.David Atherton
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RIC 072 Domitian122 viewsAR Denarius, 3.15g
Rome Mint, 81 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DIVI VESP F DOMITIAN AVG P M; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: TR P COS VII DES VIII P P; Seat, draped; above, winged thunderbolt
RIC 72 (R2). BMC -. RSC 575a. BNC -.
Ex Münzhandlung Dirk Löbbers, eBay, April 2017.
The reverse is a carry-over pulvinaria type from Titus' coinage with an added touch of filial piety on the obverse. The 'DIVI VESP F' in the obverse legend is a scarce variant not often seen on Domitian's denarii. To date, this is only the second denarius with this legend variant I've been able to obtain.
Sharp details and in good early style.
David Atherton
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RIC 816 Domitian122 viewsAR Denarius, 2.73g
Rome mint, 95-96 AD
Obv: DOMITIANVS AVG GERM; Head of Domitian, bare, bearded, r.
Rev: Temple, eight columns, seated figure in centre; IMP CAESAR on architrave
RIC 816 (R2). BMC 243. RSC 175. BNC -.
Ex Private Collection.
Domitian struck a rare undated issue of denarii depicting five different temples. Based on portrait style and the fact that Domitian's moneyers were experimenting with new reverse designs after 94, the issue has been dated to either 95 or 96. Four of the five temples have been identified - Serapis, Cybele, Minerva, and Capitoline Jupiter. The fifth type is an octastyle temple, as seen on the coin above, and its identification remains a mystery. Mattingly conjectured it could be the Temple of Divus Vespasian, P.V. Hill and D. Vagi thought it possibly the Temple of Jupiter Victor, R.H. Darwell-Smith speculated it is the Temple of Jupiter Custos, and M. Tameanko believed it to be the Temple of Divus Augustus. Tameanko makes the strongest case. Earlier renditions of the temple on the coinage under Caligula show it with a hexastyle facade. Domitian restored or rebuilt the temple after the fire of 80. His architect Rabirius may have completely overhauled the building in a more contemporary style producing an octastyle temple. Almost a hundred years later Antoninus Pius restored the temple again and struck a series of coins commemorating the event. His coins indeed depict an octastyle temple very much like the one seen on this denarius and may be proof that under Domitian the temple was rebuilt as an octastyle structure. However, until more evidence comes to light, the identification remains uncertain. Like Domitian's earlier Saecular Games series, the temple denarii were likely struck as a special issue, perhaps reflecting Domitian's new interest as builder. The remarkable bare headed portrait further enhances the issue as something special.
Needless to say it is a fantastically rare piece! Additionally, the eight column type may be the scarcest of the temple group, considering I have located only two other examples in trade over the last 15 years. The other two coins (OldRomanCoins 2002, HJB 145, lot 265) are obverse die matches with mine. Oddly, some specimens (BM 234 for example) lack IMP CAESAR on the architrave.
Worn, with some bumps and scrapes, but well-centred and in good style with plenty of eye appeal.
David Atherton
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RIC 005 Domitian121 viewsAR Denarius, 3.30g
Rome mint, 81 AD
Obv: IMP CAESAR DOMITIANVS AVG; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: TR P COS VII; Tripod with fillets; above, ravens, l. and r., and dolphin over wreath
RIC 5 (C). BMC 4. RSC 552. BNC 4.
Ex Lanz, eBay, 17 November 2013.
Domitian's 81 AD Group 1 denarii are fairly rare, issued perhaps within the first days of him obtaining the purple. The early dating of the type can be confirmed by the spartan-like reverse titles that show Domitian simply as Tribunica Potestat for the first time and Consul for the seventh. Domitian was notorious for his adherence to the correct form of his titles, as clearly evident here. He would not advertise any titles that had yet to be bestowed. The absence of PM or P P is glaringly apparent.
The reverse is a carry-over 'pulvinaria' type from Titus' reign and is the only appearance of the tripod with ravens in Domitian's 'pulvinaria' series. The group 1 denarii show an uncanny connection with reverse types previously minted for Titus, perhaps indicating little interruption in mint production between the reigns. The series may be connected to the opening games of the Flavian Amphitheatre.
A decent coin in fine metal with an early style reminiscent of Domitian as Caesar under Titus.David Atherton
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RIC 339 Domitian121 viewsAR Denarius, 2.82g
Rome mint, 85 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P IIII; Bust of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r., with aegis
Rev: IMP VIIII COS XI CENS POT P P; Minverva stg. l., with spear (M4)
RIC 339 (R2). BMC 80. RSC 180a. BNC 83.
Acquired from Forvm Ancient Coins, October 2015. Ex Jyrki Muona Collection.
A denarius which is part of the rare fourth issue of 85. This issue is the first struck after Domitian reduced the fineness of the denarius by 5% to the old Neronian level after having raised it in 82 to the Augustan standard. Despite the reduction in fineness this is a remarkably well crafted series signified by the aegis, which only appeared in issues of special note.
A well executed portrait in fine style. Struck on an oblong flan which does not detract too much from the coin's overall appeal.David Atherton
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RIC 044 Domitian120 viewsAR Denarius, 2.56g
Rome mint, 81 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DIVI VESP F DOMIT AVG PONT; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: TR P COS VII DES VIII P P; Altar, garlanded and lighted
RIC 44 (R2). BMC -. RSC -. BNC -.
An extremely rare and early denarius of Domitian. This coin was minted before Domitian became Pontifex Maximus, as shown by the obverse legend which only shows him as PONT. Presumably the official ceremonies for this elevation had not been completed when the coin was struck. Domitian, always a stickler for the correct procedures, probably insisted the correct form of his titles be struck. This coin also indicates how quickly new coins were struck for Domitian after he became emperor. Also, notice the nice mention of Vespasian in the obverse legend - DIVI VESP F, "Son of the Divine Vespasian".
The style is very typical of the early denarii of Domitian before his coinage reform the following year. Notice the veristic style with the hook nose. Later his portraits became more idealized.
Not listed in the BM nor Cohen. The new RIC cites examples at the Ashmolean and a private sale. David Atherton
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RIC 599 Domitian119 viewsAR Quinarius, 1.61g
Rome mint, 88 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P VIII; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: COS XIIII LVD SAEC FEC; Herald adv. l., with wand and shield
RIC 599 (C2). BMC 134. RSC 78. BNC 122.
Ex CNG E404, 23 August 2017, lot 504. Ex Helios 1, 17 April 2008, lot 248 (The Frank L. Kovacs Collection).
Unusually, this quinarius lacks the de rigueur Victory on the reverse, instead we have an interesting historical type of a Herald announcing Domitian's Ludi Saeculares. This was the only saeculum type struck on his quinarii. The games were held in 88 following the Augustan cycle. Presumably this piece was struck for commemorative purposes in conjunction with the games. RIC places the frequency rating for this type as 'very common' (C2), however, this seems a bit over generous. Perhaps a rating of 'common' (C) would be more appropriate. The upcoming RIC II.1 Addenda notes the frequency discrepancy, citing C. Clay's concern that only nineteen specimens are in King's survey of Roman quinarii.
A lovely piece with dark toning and fine style.David Atherton
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RIC 056 Domitian119 viewsAR Denarius, 3.22g
Rome mint, 81 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMITIANVS AVG PONT; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: TR P COS VII DES VIII P P; Minerva adv r., with spear and shield (M1)
RIC 56 (R2). BMC p. 299, note. RSC 560a. BNC -.
Ex eBay, September 2017.
Here is a rare Domitian 'PONT' denarius with the legend variant of DOMITIANVS fully spelled out. Denarii with 'PONT' instead of PM in the obverse legend come very early in the reign. Historically, PONT did not stand for Pontifex Maximus under Augustus, but did so under Nero (PONT was used after Nero was already Pontifex Maximus, BMC 9). It is possible Domitian followed Nero's example and used PONT as an abbreviation for Pontifex Maximus. Conversely, it is also possible he followed in Augustus' footsteps and used the temporary title 'PONT' until the ceremony electing him to the position was completed. We simply do not know. The records of the Arval brothers do not show Domitian as Pontifex Maximus by 30 October, so presumably he acquired the title in either November or December. The office seems to have had no fixed date of appointment. Knowing how much of a stickler Domitian was to keeping to the proper forms, the mint likely waited until his election as Pontifex Maximus before the title was displayed on the coinage. Whether or not that title on the coinage after the election was abbreviated as 'PONT' for a brief time is a mystery.
Struck in fine early style with a well centred obverse.David Atherton
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RIC 739 Domitian118 viewsAR Denarius, 3.52g
Rome mint, 92-93 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P XII; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XXII COS XVI CENS P P P; Minerva adv r., with spear and shield (M1)
RIC 739 (C3). BMC 200. RSC 280. BNC 182.
Domitian was not consul in 93 so this type was struck between September 92 and September 93, dated by the tribunician title XII. An elegantly rendered portrait on a common type.David Atherton
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RIC 666 Domitian118 viewsAR Denarius, 3.46g
Rome mint, 88-89 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P VIII; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XVIII COS XIIII CENS P P P; Minerva stg. l., with spear (M4)
RIC 666 (R2). BMC p. 331 note. RSC 247a. BNC -.
Acquired from Lancelot Coin Co., eBay, March 2016. Formerly in NGC holder 1948531-043.
A very rare denarius which records Domitian's 18th imperial acclamation, most likely struck in late 88. Imperial acclamations were coming fast and furious during the 88-89 time period, which is the primary means of differentiating the many various issues since Domitian did not take the consulship in 89. He was campaigning against the Dacians in 88 and presumably that is the likely explanation of the rapid succession of imperial acclamations during the time period. Those denarii with IMP XVIII are some of the rarest and were probably struck for just a few days. A military diploma dated 7 November, 88 records Domitian as IMP XVII, therefore this tiny issue must have been struck soon after that date at the end of 88 and/or very early in 89. RIC speculates mid December 88.
A nice solid denarius in good metal and fine style.
David Atherton
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RIC 852 Domitian117 viewsAR Cistophorus, 10.23g
Rome mint (for Asia), 95 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMITIANVS; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: AVG GERM across field; Bundle of six corn ears
RIC 852 (C). BMC 254. RSC 22a. RPC 874 (5 spec.). BNC -.
Acquired from Civitas Galleries, September 2013.
In 82 and 95 Domitian struck cistophori at Rome for circulation in Asia Minor. This coin is part of the issue of 95 and repeats a classic agrarian reverse Augustus used on his cistophori. Apparently the cistophorus went down better than the denarius with the locals and so had to be struck periodically when required.
A hefty coin in fine late period Roman style. Same dies as the RIC plate coin.
David Atherton
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RIC 334 Domitian117 viewsAR Denarius, 3.11g
Rome mint, 85 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P IIII; Bust of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r., with aegis
Rev: IMP VIIII COS XI CENS POT P P; Minerva stg. r. on capital of rostral column, with spear and shield; to r., owl (M2)
RIC 334 (R2). BMC -. RSC -. BNC -.
Ex Private Collection.
A rare denarius from the first issue struck after Domitian's second coinage reform. In 82 Domitian increased the silver fineness of the denarius to nearly 100% purity. Three years later in mid 85 the fineness was again adjusted, this time downward to nearly 90%, still higher than the average 80% inherited from Titus. Domitian assumed the powers of censor in April of 85 which was recorded on the coinage. The title was successively contracted in three issues - CENSORIA POTESTAT, CENS POTES, and CENS POT. According to metal analyses by Walker and more recently confirmed by Butcher and Ponting, Domitian's second coinage reform took place between the last two issues - the CENS POT issue being the first under the new standard. This was the last issue to regularly show Domitian denarii with aegis. From 85 onwards the aegis would only appear sparingly on special issues.
Fine style with large flan.David Atherton
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RIC 118 Domitian116 viewsAR Quinarius, 1.52g
Rome mint, 81- early 82 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMITIANVS AVG PM; Head of Domitian, laureate, r.
Rev: VICTORIA AVGVST (anti-clockwwise, outwardly, from high l.); Victory std. l., with wreath and palm
RIC 118 (C). BMC 57. RSC 625. BNC 56.
Acquired from Dmitry Markov, December 2017.
This undated quinarius is part of Domitian's first issue of quinarii coined early in the reign. The style and silver fineness of 80% indicate it was struck before the great coinage reform of 82 when the silver fineness was increased to 99%. Probably the most common variant of the type from the issue, 'common' being a relative term here!
Darkly toned and in fine early style. Punch-mark(?) in obverse field.
David Atherton
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RIC 790 Domitian115 viewsAR Denarius, 3.56g
Rome mint, 95-96 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P XV; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XXII COS XVII CENS P P P; Minerva stg. l., with spear (M4)
RIC 790 (C2). BMC 235. RSC 290. BNC 209.
Acquired from C. J. Martin, August 2013.
A very crisp denarius which was struck during the last year of Domitian's reign between 14 September 95 to 13 September 96. This was a large issue with many common examples, including all four standard Minerva types, and one which saw the introduction of many new types (the flying Minverva for example). These later coins tend to lack the high quality and craftsmanship of earlier issues.
A very sharp coin in hand.David Atherton
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RIC 437 Domitian115 viewsAR Denarius, 2.93g
Rome mint, 86 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P V; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XII COS XII CENS P P P; Minerva stg. r. on capital of rostral column, with spear and shield; to r., owl (M2)
RIC 437 (R). BMC p. 319 note. RSC 204. BNC 96.
Acquired from A. G .& S. Gillis, December 2013.
An excellently styled denarius from the second issue of 86. All the denarii from this issue are quite rare.
Struck on a large flan with some minor corrosion. Much better in hand.David Atherton
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RIC 573 Domitian115 viewsAR Denarius, 3.32g
Rome mint, 88 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERMAN P M TR P VII; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XIIII COS XIIII CENS P P P; Minerva adv. r., with spear and shield (M1)
RIC 573 (R2). BMC -. RSC -. BNC -.
Acquired from eBay, January 2018.
Very rare with 'GERMAN'. So rare in fact, Ian Carradice needed confirmation denarii existed with this spelling when he wrote Coinage and Finances In the Reign of Domitian in 1983. Since the publication of that work several examples have surfaced. The issue this denarius is from also features extremely rare aegis portraits. I think what we have here are the markings of a special issue, perhaps struck in conjunction with the Secular Games which were held the same year the special denarii were struck. The series also features many coins engraved in fine 'Flavian baroque' style, as clearly seen on this example.
Well centred and fine style.David Atherton
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RIC 015 Domitian115 viewsAR Denarius, 3.10g
Rome mint, 81 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMITIANVS AVG P M; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: P P COS VII DES VIII; Seat, draped; above, semicircular frame decorated with corn ears
RIC 15 (R2). BMC -. RSC -. BNC -.
Ex Savoca Blue 10, 30 September 2018, lot 1212.
The rapidity in which Domitian's first denarius issues of 81 came one after another hint that he was in a great hurry to strike coins as Augustus after Titus's death in mid September 81 AD, presumably for a legionary donative. Dio records that Domitian hastened to the praetorian camp to 'receive the title and authority of the emperor' and promised the soldiers the same bounty Titus had provided. The Roman mint immediately began striking coins for the new emperor. This denarius was struck before Domitian had been awarded the power of the tribunate (TR P). Perhaps it may have taken a few days for the Senate to award the power of the tribunate to Domitian because they had assembled at the small town of Reate where Titus had died and needed to be in Rome in order to vote him the right. Although this Group 2 denarius is not part of Domitian's first RIC issue, it is very likely to have been struck within the first few weeks of him assuming the purple. RIC notes the chronology is not precise with these issues from 81 and they are grouped only for 'convenience'. Judging by the rarity of the Group 2 denarii they could not have been struck for any great length of time.
The type of draped seat with semi circular frame is a carry-over 'pulvinaria' type from Titus, possibly originally struck in connection with the Colosseum's opening games' religious ceremonies. Domitian's 'pulvinaria' coins are a stop-gap issue struck until proper reverse types were designed for the new reign in early 82 when the mint and coinage were overhauled.
Good early style portrait, unsurprisingly reminiscent of those struck for him as Caesar under Titus.David Atherton
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RIC 730a Domitian113 viewsAR Denarius, 3.40g
Rome mint, 92 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P XI; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XXI COS XVI CENS P P P; Minerva stg. r. on capital of rostral column, with spear and shield; to r., owl (M2)
RIC 730a (C3). BMC 189. RSC 274. BNC 175.
Acquired from Wayne C. Phillips, January 2014.
The first issue of 92, of which this coin is from, was large indeed, certainly one of the largest of the reign. Ian Carradice conducted a die study of this issue and determined the mint was divided into officina based on the separate Minerva reverse types, much like it had been in 81-82, after an apparent hiatus.
Historical note: Domitian was campaigning against the Suebi and Sarmatians during 92, perhaps accounting for such a large issue.
A very common coin in uncommonly good style. David Atherton
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RIC 012 Domitian111 viewsAR Denarius, 2.93g
Rome mint, 81 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMITIANVS AVG PONT; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: P P COS VII DES VIII; Dolphin coiled round anchor
RIC 12 (R3). BMC -. RSC -. BNC -.
Acquired from Marc Breitsprecher, January 2018.
A lot of interesting things are going on with this 81 AD Group 2 pulvinar denarius. Firstly, there is the rare 'PONT' obverse legend with DOMITIANVS fully spelled out. Secondly, an exceedingly rare reverse legend beginning with P P. And lastly, there is no TRP number. All of these elements combine together resulting in a very rare variant of a common type; as a matter of fact, this is the second known specimen! The new RIC II.1 was the first catalogue to publish this rare variant, although in the subsequent A&C the entry was suppressed because the obverse legend reading of the lone specimen cited was incorrect. The discovery of the above coin is confirmation of the variety's existence. Of note, this coin is a reverse die match with the RIC 13 plate coin, which is the other rare dolphin/anchor variant from the group with the shorter DOMITIAN obverse legend.
NB: I am at a loss to explain why this issue lacks a TRP number, considering the previous issue (Domitian's first) records it.
Handsome, if a bit corroded.David Atherton
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RIC 720 Domitian110 viewsAR Denarius, 3.21g
Rome mint, 90-91 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P X; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XXI COS XV CENS P P P; Minerva stg. r., on capital of rostral column, with spear and sheild; to r., owl (M2)
RIC 720 (C2). BMC 179. RSC 266. BNC 168.
Acquired from Lucernae, eBay, June 2013.
Minted between January and mid-September 90, a stretch of time which saw a massive quantity of denarii produced. The reverse features the second of the four standard Minerva types, here she is seen with one of her attributes, an owl representing wisdom.
Not in the best style, but a dark patina covers most of the surfaces except for the high points, leaving a pleasing to the eye contrast.
David Atherton
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RIC 844 Domitian110 viewsAR Cistophorus, 10.66g
Rome mint (for Asia), 82 AD
Obv: IMP CAESAR DOMITIANVS AVG; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: Aquila between two standards, one surmounted by a banner, the other by a hand
RIC 844 (R). BMC p. 352. RSC 668. RPC 868 (3 spec.). BNC 224.
Ex. Harlan J. Berk BBS 144, 13 July 2005, lot 572.
Rare with undated obverse legend. Struck contemporaneously or subsequently with COS VIII dated cistophori. Style and 6h die axis point to a Rome mint issue.
Good Titus-like portrait in fine early style. David Atherton
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RIC 100 Domitian109 viewsAR Denarius, 3.18g
Rome mint, 82 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMITIANVS AVG P M; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: TR POT COS VIII P P; Seat. draped; above, semicircular frame decorated with three crescents
RIC 100 (C). BMC 27. RSC 596. BNC 31.
Ex Lanz, eBay, 23 March 2012.
A somewhat common denarius from the first precious metal issue of 82. Struck at Rome just prior to Domitian increasing the fineness of the denarii sometime during the spring. The reverse is a carry over pulvinar type from Titus' reign. This is the last time this type was minted by Domitian before the overhaul of the mint.
A decent coin in good metal.David Atherton
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RIC 580 Domitian109 viewsAR Denarius, 3.31g
Rome mint, 88 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P VII; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XIIII COS XIIII CENS P P P; Minerva stg. l., with thunderbolt and spear; shield at her l. side (M3)
RIC 580 (C3). BMC 119. RSC 234. BNC 116.
This very common denarius of 88 AD is part of the large first issue of denarii minted before September, the largest issue of the reign up to that point. Even with the mint striking such a large issue this coin shows high standards were still being maintained.
Well centered with an artistic, icy cool portrait.David Atherton
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RIC 728 Domitian108 viewsAR Denarius, 3.23g
Rome mint, 92 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P XI; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XXI COS XVI CENS P P P; Minerva adv r., with spear and shield (M1)
RIC 728 (C3). BMC 187. RSC 273. BNC 174.
Ex Ancient Treasures, eBay, 7 June 2015.
The first issue of denarii in 92 was quite massive and certainly one of the largest of the reign. Domitian's military campaigns against the Suebi and Sarmatians during this time period may account in part for the heightened mint activity.
Competent craftsmanship which produced a neat and fine portrait.
David Atherton
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RIC 788 Domitian Variant107 viewsAR Denarius, 3.10g
Rome mint, 95-96 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P XV; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XXII COS XVII CENS P P P; Minerva stg. r. on capital of rostral column, with spear and shield (M2, missing owl)
RIC 788 var. (owl on prow). BMC 231 var. (same). RSC 293 var. (same). BNC 207 var. (same).
Ex Private Collection.
An unusual example of the standard Minerva on capital of rostral column lacking the owl, which should be at her feet to the right. Not long after this coin was struck Domitian fell victim to a palace plot. I wonder if Domiitan had seen this coin would he have taken it as an ill omen?
Good late style.David Atherton
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RIC 669 Domitian106 viewsAR Denarius, 3.02g
Rome mint, 88-89 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P VIII; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XIX COS XIIII CENS P P P; Minerva stg. l., with thunderbolt and spear; shield at her l. side (M3)
RIC 669 (C3). BMC 153. RSC 251. BNC 147.
Acquired from Ken Dorney, June 2014.
The fourth issue of 88-89 records Domitian's 19th imperial acclamation, the largest issue by far of the time period. With wars being fought against both the Chatti and the Dacians the awards were coming fairly quickly one after another. Also, the revolt of the rebel legate Saturnius occurred in January of 89. Domitian did not take up the consulship in 89 (presumably he was away from Rome on campaign), so the imperial acclamations are the only way to differentiate the separate issues. T.V. Buttrey has proposed that his 19th salutation may in fact be for the victory over Saturnius, dressed up as a German victory (via private correspondence).
A decent coin with some minor corrosion featuring a sorrowful looking Domitian. Better in hand.David Atherton
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RIC 516 Domitian106 viewsAR Quinarius, 1.54g
Rome mint, 87 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P VI; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XIIII COS XIII CENS P P P; Victory std. l., with wreath and palm
RIC 516 (C). BMC 109. RSC 220. BNC 109.
Acquired from Praefectus Coins, November 2016. Ex Roma Auction XII, 29 September 2016, lot 712.
Although this quinarius is listed as 'common' in RIC, compared to denarii the output of quinarii was meagre during the Flavian era. Struck in the first issue of 87, 1 January to 13 September. Interestingly, the corresponding gold quinarius with these titles is unique.
Well centred with full legends and darkly toned. David Atherton
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RIC 052 Domitian (1)106 viewsAR Denarius, 2.62g
Rome mint, 81 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMITIAN AVG PONT; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: TR P COS VII DES VIII P P; Dolphin coiled round anchor
RIC 52 (R2). BMC -. RSC -. BNC -.
Ex Lanz, eBay, February 2017.
Nothing more quite shows how much of a stickler Domitian was for keeping to the letter of the law than the 'PONT' denarii struck very early in his reign. Domitian would not call himself by the full title Pontifex Maximus until the proper religious ceremonies voting him as such were concluded. The PONT denarii provide numismatic evidence for Suetonius' claim that Domitian scrupulously observed the proper formalities (Dom. VII - IX). The coins themselves are quite rare, struck in a brief window of time while Domitian was being awarded his full titles.The resulting sequence of titles is quite fascinating!
Interestingly, the 'V' in AVG here looks more like a 'Y'. Some have speculated that this shows evidence of a Greek engraver working at the mint early in Domitian's reign. Same obverse and reverse dies as my second specimen.
Struck in good metal with a minor flan crack.David Atherton
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RIC 670 Domitian105 viewsAR Denarius, 3.20g
Rome mint, 88-89 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P VIII; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XIX COS XIIII CENS P P P; Minerva stg. l., with spear (M4)
RIC 670 (C3). BMC 154. RSC 250. BNC 149.
Acquired from Zuzim, March 2013.
A denarius which records Domitian's 19th Imperial salutation, most likely awarded for a victory over the German Chatti in late 88 or early 89 (probably by March or April of 89). Typical of Domitian's denarii of this time period, the portrait is in fine style and the overall workmanship is fairly high quality.David Atherton
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RIC 504 Domitian105 viewsAR Denarius, 3.33g
Rome mint, 87 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT. AVG GERM P M TR P VI; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XIIII COS XIII CENS P P P; Minerva adv. r., with spear and shield (M1)
RIC 504 (C). BMC 101. RSC 217. BNC -.
Acquired from Vaughn, August 2013.
87 AD saw a decline in the output of denarii which continued from the previous year's meager emissions. All four standard Minerva reverse types were minted with no irregularities. This example is from the first issue of 87.
A decent coin with hints of the flamboyant portraits of the following year.David Atherton
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RIC 577 Domitian105 viewsAR Denarius, 2.73g
Rome mint, 88 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERMAN P M TR P VII; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XIIII COS XIIII CENS P P P; Minerva stg. r. on capital of rostral column, with spear and shield; to r., owl (M2)
RIC 577 (R2). BMC -. RSC -. BNC -.
Ex Private Collection.
At first glance this Domitian Minerva denarius is nothing special, however, upon closer inspection one can see the obverse legend has the rare GERMAN spelling instead of the very common GERM. RIC cites only two specimens - one in Belgrade, another in a private collection. This is a very common issue from 88, but unusually it is peppered with scarce variants, such as this rare obverse legend. Other rarities include busts with aegis and a unique 5 aurei piece (subsequently stolen from Paris). Perhaps it's a special issue struck in conjunction with the Secular Games which were held in 88.
Worn, but with a fine style portrait.David Atherton
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RIC 555 Domitian105 viewsAR Denarius, 2.88g
Rome mint, 88 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P VII; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: COS XIIII across field; Minerva stg. l., with spear (M4)
RIC 555 (R2). BMC p. 325 note. RSC 233a. BNC 113.
Ex Private Collection.
88 AD was the year Domitian held the Secular Games and the Rome mint struck a series of denarii with reverses that explicitly commemorated the event. Additionally, the mint was experimenting with the denarius' standard Minerva reverse designs and legends. These special Minerva issues struck early in 88 may have a connection to the games as well. This denarius has the normal Minerva with spear (M4) but unusually has the consular date across field and lacks the IMP number. Denarii with the legends across field are very rare. It is a Reverse die match with the RIC plate coin, a good indication of how rare the type is.
A bit under weight, but in fine style and nicely centred. David Atherton
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RIC 064 Domitian104 viewsAR Denarius, 3.18g
Rome mint, 81 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMITIANVS AVG P M; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: TR P COS VII DES VIII P P; Seat, draped; above, semicircular frame decorated with corn ears
RIC 64 (R). BMC -. RSC -. BNC 14.
Ex Gemini X, 13 January 2013, Harry N. Sneh Collection, group lot 806.
The pulvinar seat type with a semicircular frame is strangely not a common one among the group four denarii of 81 AD. Also, the presence here of corn ears instead of three crescents is rare as well. The BMCRE notes and the RSC entry cites only the crescents for this type (see my RIC 100 for an example of the crescent type). A rare coin indeed!
A pleasing portrait on an unusually well centered and struck early type. Part of the Pulvinaria series issued by Titus and Domitian.
David Atherton
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RIC 521 Domitian103 viewsAR Denarius, 3.44g
Rome mint, 87 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG - GERM P M TR P VII; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XIIII COS XIII CENS P P P; Minerva stg. l., with spear (M4)
RIC 521 (C). BMC 114. RSC 222. BNC -.
Ex Gemini X, 13 January 2013, Harry N. Sneh Collection, lot 724. Ex Harlan J Berk BBS 170, 29 July 2010, lot 175.
A denarius listed as common, but really isn't as common as one would think. According to C. Clay only one listed in the Reka Devina hoard and none in the Paris collection. TR P VII dates this to the second issue of 87.
In a pleasing style and large flan (22 mm).David Atherton
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RIC 657 Domitian103 viewsAR Denarius, 3.23g
Rome mint, 88-89 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P VIII; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XVII COS XIIII CENS P P P; Minerva stg. r. on capital of rostral column, with spear amd shield; to r., owl (M2)
RIC 657 (R). BMC 148. RSC 247. BNC 139.
Acquired from Zurqieh, April 2016
Domitian did not take the consulship in 89, so this rare denarius is dated by TR P VIII between September 88 and September 89. The date can be further narrowed down by the 17th imperial acclamation. A military diploma dated 7 November, 88 records Domitian as IMP XVII, so this issue must have been struck briefly at the end of 88, perhaps just a month or so due to the rarity of the acclamation number on the denarii and the fact they were being awarded at a fairly rapid pace due to increased military activity along the Danube.
Solid portrait struck on good metal. Much better in hand.David Atherton
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RIC 450 Domitian103 viewsAR Denarius, 3.38g
Rome mint, 86 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P VI; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XIII COS XII CENS P P P; Minerva adv. r., with spear and shield (M1)
RIC 450 (R2). BMC -. RSC -. BNC -.
Acquired from Numismeo, September 2017.
In 86 Domitian was awarded imperial acclamations at an accelerated pace due to the Dacian War, which resulted in some fairly rare denarius issues. This coin is from the extremely rare fourth issue of 86, probably struck for just a few days or so until word of the next imperial acclamation reached the mint. The Minerva fighting (M1) and Minerva on rostral column (M2) are the only two denarius types known for the issue. The coins are so rare that Mattingly even doubted the issue's existence (BMCRE p. 320 note).
Struck in fine style on a large flan.David Atherton
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RIC 692 Domitian101 viewsAR Denarius, 3.30g
Rome mint, 90 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P VIIII; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XXI COS XV CENS P P P; Minerva stg. l., with spear (M4)
RIC 692 (C2). BMC 168. RSC 259. BNC 160.
Acquired from Lucernae, eBay, October 2013.
Domitian's denarii arguably reached a high watermark stylistically between 84-88 AD. After which there are only intermittent flashes of fine styled portraiture in the massive issues produced in the last third of the reign. Here is one such coin engraved in a fine style, fully centered with good fabric.
No major military activity is recorded for the year this coin was struck, so no new imperial acclamations were awarded to Domitian.
David Atherton
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RIC 447 Domitian101 viewsAR Denarius, 2.95g
Rome mint, 86 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P VI; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XII COS XII CENS P P P; Minerva stg. l., with thunderbolt and spear, shield at her l. side (M3)
RIC 447 (R). BMC (spec. acquired 1987). RSC -. BNC 101.
Ex TimesAncient, eBay, July 2016.
Imperial acclamations were awarded to Domitian at a fairly quick pace during 86 because of the Dacian campaign. Many issues were struck only for a brief time before news arrived of a new imperial salutation. This denarius is from the very rare third issue.
Coined in fine style on a large flan.
David Atherton
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RIC 184 Domitian101 viewsAR Denarius, 2.93g
Rome mint, 84 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMITIANVS AVG GERMANIC; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: P M TR POT III IMP V COS X P P; Minerva stg. l., with thunderbolt and spear; shield at her side (M3)
RIC 184 (R2). BMC -. RSC -. BNC -.
Ex Private Collection.
In 82 AD when Domitian overhauled the mint and increased the fineness of the denarius, he also apparently brought in new engravers who began working in a more elaborate, idealised style. The second denarius issue of 84 is the first to employ the new style and it would dominate the denarius issues for the rest of Domitian's reign. Domitian adopted the title GERMANICVS in the first issue of 84, shortening it to GERMANIC here in the second issue, all of which are extremely rare. This denarius from that second issue is a fine example of the new idealised style with its large portrait and delicately rendered features. RIC cites two specimens of the type, none of which are in the BM or Paris. Notably, the coin is a detectorist find from outside the boundaries of the Empire in Eastern Europe.
Darkly toned and somewhat porous (which accounts for the low weight).David Atherton
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RIC 851 Domitian101 viewsAR Cistophorus, 9.99g
Rome mint (for Asia), 95 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P XIIII IMP XXII; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: COS XVII CENS P P P; Aquila between two standards, one surmounted by a banner, the other by a hand; G in exergue
RIC 851 (C). BMC 253. RSC 94. RPC 873 (8 spec.). BNC -.
Ex NFC Coins, eBay, 18 April 2018.
A small issue of cistophori were struck by Domitian in 95. Style and die axis identify Rome as the home mint. Curiously, K. Butcher and M. Ponting's metal analysis reveal they were struck from a different stock of metal than contemporary denarii, possibly from recycled older denarii. The traditional military type of aquila and standards is the most commonly encountered reverse from the series. It is copied from coins struck for Nero and Galba. The 'G' in exergue may be the mark of an officina.
Struck in good late style.David Atherton
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RIC 050 Domitian101 viewsAR Denarius, 2.82g
Rome Mint, 81 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DIVI VESP F DOMITIAN AVG P M; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: TR P COS VII DES VIII P P; Curule chair, wreath above
RIC 50 (R2). BMC -. RSC -. BNC -.
Ex Private Collection.
A pulvinar carry-over type from Titus's reign perhaps connected to the religious ceremonies for the opening games of the Colosseum. Domitian finished the top level of seating which perhaps explains the continued striking of the pulvinar issue during his first few months as Augustus. The curule chair and wreath possibly represents the pulvinar of Divus Vespasian, honouring his labours in building the structure. Although the type itself is common, it is extremely rare with the DIVI VESP F (Son of the Divine Vespasian) obverse legend.
Good metal and fine style.
David Atherton
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RIC 456 Domitian100 viewsAR Denarius, 3.11g
Rome mint, 86 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P VI; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XIIII COS XII CENS P P P; Minerva stg. r. on capital of rostral column, with spear and shield; to r., owl (M2)
RIC 456 (R). BMC 98. RSC 210b. BNC -.
All of Domitian's denarii minted in 86 are rare, so well worth seeking out. This example is from the fifth issue, struck after mid-September.
86 saw a rapid increase in Domitian's imperial salutations, mainly due to troubles on the Danube.
A decent denarius in the formal, mannered style of 85-87.David Atherton
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RIC 074 Domitian100 viewsAR Denarius, 3.30g
Rome mint, 81 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMITIANVS AVG P M; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: TR P COS VII DES VIII P P; Tripod with fillets; above, dolphin
RIC 74 (C2). BMC 22. RSC 568c corr. (without ravens). BNC 19.
Acquired from Praefectus Coins, April 2014.
There was a tremendous amount of coin struck for Domitian in the last few months of 81 after he became emperor in mid September. This coin from group 4 (the largest issue of 81) repeats the common tripod and dolphin pulvinar type previously struck under Titus. RSC incorrectly places ravens on tripod. For Domitian the ravens are found only on RIC 5.
A deeply toned denarius (cabinet toned?) in typical early style.David Atherton
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RIC 674 Domitian100 viewsAR Denarius, 3.10g
Rome mint, 88-89 AD (sixth issue)
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P VIII; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XXI COS XIIII CENS P P P; Minerva adv. r., with spear and shield (M1)
RIC 674 (R2). BMC 157. RSC 254c. BNC -.
Ex Private Collection.
All the denarii from the sixth issue of 88-89 are quite scarce, perhaps struck for only a few weeks or days prior to 14 September 89, upon which Domitian became TRP VIIII. The first Pannonian War may account for the rapid succession of imperial acclamations during this time period. This Minerva M1 type is the only example the BM has from the issue, just to indicate how rare it is.
Solid portrait with honest wear.David Atherton
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RIC 070 Domitian99 viewsAR Denarius, 3.28g
Rome mint, 81 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMITIANVS AVG P M; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: TR P COS VII DES VIII P P; Seat, draped; above, winged thunderbolt
RIC 70 (C). BMC 15. RSC 575. BNC 13.
Ex Den of Antiquity, eBay, February 2014.
A fairly common coin from the large fourth issue of 81. The early coinage of Domitian continues in the same style of those struck under Titus using many of his pulvinaria reverse types. The thunderbolt over table is thought to be attributed to the pulvinar of Jupiter.
A decent coin both in style and eye appeal.David Atherton
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RIC 676 Domitian99 viewsAR Denarius, 2.98g
Rome mint, 88-89 AD (sixth issue)
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P VIII; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XXI COS XIIII CENS P P P; Minerva stg. l., with thunderbolt and spear; shield at her l. side (M3)
RIC 676 (R2). BMC -. RSC -. BNC 151.
Acquired from Forvm Ancient Coins, October 2015.
TRP VIII and IMP XXI is a very scarce dating combination on Domitian's denarii. The rarity of the dating indicates it was most likely struck for a short period of time, perhaps only for a few weeks or days prior to 14 September 89, upon which Domitian became TRP VIIII. The first Pannonian War would account for the rapid succession of imperial acclamations during this time period.
A good, solid portrait and well centered strike. Notable personally as the first coin from this issue I have acquired.
David Atherton
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RIC 667 Domitian98 viewsAR Denarius, 3.46g
Rome mint, 88-89 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P VIII; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XIX COS XIIII CENS P P P; Minerva adv r., with spear and shield (M1)
RIC 667 (C3). BMC 151. RSC 252. BNC 145.
Acquired from Zuzim, November 2013.
Imperial acclamations were coming fast and furious during the 88-89 time period, which is the primary means of differentiating the many various issues. The fourth issue of 88-89 recording Domitian's 19th imperial acclamation is quite large, almost all of the coins in the issue being C3. Despite the heavy demands of a large issue the artistic quality and integrity remains intact. The high standards Domitian demanded of his mint is evident in this fourth issue coin.
An excellent portrait on a well centered tight flan. David Atherton
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RIC 519 Domitian98 viewsAR Denarius, 3.14g
Rome mint, 87 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P VII; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XIIII COS XIII CENS P P P; Minerva stg. l., with thunderbolt and spear; shield at her l. side (M3)
RIC 519 (C). BMC 113. RSC 223a. BNC 111.
Denarii with TR P VII struck in 87 are a bit less common than those with TR P VI, due to the shorter time frame the coins were minted (14 Sept - 31 Dec). No military campaigns are known for 87, hence no new imperial acclamations are recorded on the denarii. The issues for this year are strictly dated by the COS and TR P numbers. The style is similar to the denarii from 86.
Nicely toned with a neat and fine stately portrait.David Atherton
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RIC 855 Domitian98 viewsAR Cistophorus, 10.28g
Rome mint (for Asia), 95 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMITIANVS; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: Temple with two columns, inscribed ROM ET AVG in entablature, enclosing Augustus. stg. front to l., with spear, crowned by Roma to r., with cornucopiae; G in exergue
RIC 855 (C). BMC p. 352, *. RSC 407. RPC 875 (2 spec.). BNC -.
Acquired from Emerald Imports, eBay, May 2018. Formerly in NGC holder 4278229-001, grade 'Ch VF', strike 5/5, surface 4/5, 'Fine style'.
A small issue of cistophori were struck by Domitian in 95. The style and six o'clock die axis point to Rome as the probable mint. Interestingly, K. Butcher and M. Ponting's recent metal analysis of the series reveals it was struck from a different stock of metal than contemporaneous denarii, possibly from recycled republican and early imperial pieces. This rare reverse features the temple of Roma and Augustus at Pergamum copied from the cistophori of Claudius. The temple was erected in 29 BC and was an important centre of the imperial cult in the region. No archaeological remains have been found of the structure, only the coins hint at how it may have appeared. RPC speculates the 'G' in exergue may be the mark of an officina, although, why the Rome mint would use a mint mark on the cistophori and not on any other issues is quite puzzling.
This coin originally came in a NGC slab which noted it as 'fine style'. I quite agree.David Atherton
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RIC 668 Domitian96 viewsAR Denarius, 3.28g
Rome mint, 88-89 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P VIII; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XIX COS XIIII CENS P P P; Minerva stg. r. on capital of rostral column, with spear and shield; to r., owl (M2)
RIC 668 (C3). BMC 152. RSC 253. BNC 146.
Acquired from Ken Dorney, June 2014.
This common denarius is part of Domitian's 88-89 fourth issue, the largest of the period. It records Domitian's 19th Imperial salutation, most likely awarded for a victory over the German Chatti in late 88 or early 89 (probably by March or April of 89). T.V. Buttrey has proposed that this salutation may in fact be for the victory over the rebel legate Saturnius, dressed up as a German victory.
A decent portrait in the standard style of this issue struck on good metal.David Atherton
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RIC 043 Domitian95 viewsAR Denarius, 3.30g
Rome mint, 81 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMITIANVS AVG P M; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: TR P COS VII DES VIII P P; Altar, garlanded and lighted
RIC 43 (C2). BMC 23. RSC 577. BNC 22.
Acquired from Ancient Imports, July 2014.
This lighted altar reverse is a pulvinar type struck by Domitian as Caesar under Titus and continued to be struck for him as Augustus. It may represent the pulvinar of Vesta and Vulcan. The fact this type was struck under both Titus and Domitian indicates little interruption in mint activity between the two reigns.
A respectable coin in fine early style reminiscent of those struck under Titus. David Atherton
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RIC 685 Domitian95 viewsAR Denarius, 3.19g
Rome mint, 89 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P VIIII; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XXI COS XIIII CENS P P P; Minerva adv. r., with spear and shield (M1)
RIC 685 (C2). BMC 158. RSC 257. BNC 152.
Late in 89 Domitian was voted a double triumph over the Chatti and the Dacians. This common denarius struck between mid September and 31 December records Domitian's 21st imperial acclamation, the culmination of the two campaigns. This large issue was likely struck for a donative paid out to the troops.
A conventional third period portrait in good style.David Atherton
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RIC 060 Domitian94 viewsAR Denarius, 3.19g
Rome mint, 81 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMITIANVS AVG PONT; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: TR P COS VII DES VIII P P; Minerva stg. l., with Victory and spear; at feet, shield
RIC 60 (R2). BMC p. 299 note. RSC 565. BNC -.
Ex Private Collection.
A rare Group 4 'PONT' denarius depicting a cult image of Minerva holding Victory. This Minerva/Victory type was only struck within the first year of Domitian's accession and would not become one of the standard Minerva types repeated throughout the reign. The religious ceremonies required for Domitian to assume the title Pontifex Maximus had not yet finished by the time this denarius was produced. Here he is simply PONT, or in other words a member of the College of Pontiffs. Some have argued that PONT is the same as PM, I disagree. Titus as Caesar early on had also used the title PONT on his denarii and he was never Pontifex Maximus under Vespasian - only the emperor can be Pontifex Maximus or greatest priest.
RIC cites one example in the ANS collection, the BM cites Cohen 565. Missing from the Paris collection.
Nicely centred.David Atherton
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RIC 690 Domitian93 viewsAR Denarius, 3.45g
Rome mint, 90 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P VIIII; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XXI COS XV CENS P P P; Minerva stg. r., on capital of rostral column, with spear and sheild; to r., owl (M2)
RIC 690 (C2). BMC 166. RSC 262. BNC 158.
Acquired from Zuzim, December 2014.
No new imperial acclamations are recorded for Domitian in 90. He became COS XV on 1 January and continued to be TR P VIIII until mid September.
A coin with an artistic portrait and in excellent condition. Part of Domitian's beard is still visible under his chin.David Atherton
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RIC 677 Domitian92 viewsAR Denarius, 2.91g
Rome mint, 88-89 AD (sixth issue)
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P VIII; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XXI COS XIIII CENS P P P; Minerva stg. l., with spear (M4)
RIC 677 (R2). BMC -. RSC -. BNC -.
Ex Private Collection.
A very rare denarius from the scarce sixth issue of 88-89, perhaps struck for only a few weeks or days prior to 14 September 89, upon which Domitian became TRP VIIII. The first Pannonian War may account for the rapid succession of imperial acclamations during this time period.
A few marks, but still has some good eye appeal in hand.David Atherton
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RIC 724 Domitian91 viewsAR Denarius, 3.49g
Rome mint, 91 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P XI; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XXI COS XV CENS P P P; Minerva adv r., with spear and shield (M1)
RIC 724 (C). BMC p. 336 note. RSC 269. BNC -.
Acquired from Vaughn, January 2014.
A fairly common coin struck between 14 September and 31 December 91. The portrait on this denarius has a lot of character. The hand of an individual engraver can be detected, evident by the odd nostril line on the nose. This tell-tale trait can be seen on several portraits during this time period. Although somewhat crude, I find the style very appealing.David Atherton
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RIC 367 Domitian91 viewsÆ Dupondius, 11.64g
Rome mint, 85 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM COS XI CENS POT P P; Head of Domitian, radiate, bearded, r., with aegis
Rev: ANNONA AVG; S C in exergue; Annona, std r., holding open on lap by two ends bag full of corn-ears; in front of her stands a small figure, l., also holding two ends of bag, and in the background, stern of ship
RIC 367 (C). BMC 347. BNC 364.
Ex eBay, August 2019.
A most curious reverse type was struck for Domitian on his dupondii for a short period between 84-88. Here we see Annona seated holding open a bag(?) of corn-ears and a mysterious small figure standing before her holding the other end of the bag with a ship's stern in the background. Overall, the reverse likely alludes to Domitian's care of the corn supply, hinted at by the stern, here a symbol of the all important African grain ships. The small individual before Annona has variously been described as a 'boy', a 'child', or ambiguously as just a 'figure'. H. Mattingly has the most imaginative explanation in BMCRE II - 'Annona herself, the spirit of the corn-supply, and the ship, the symbol of the overseas corn, are familiar: but who is the small figure who stands before her? He is certainly no child, but only a man reduced to tiny proportions beside the goddess; and the fact that he is bare to the waist may suggest that he is an Italian farmer. If this interpretation is right, the type records a definite policy of Domitian to encourage the growing of corn in Italy.' Mattingly may be correct about the overall meaning, but I think the figure is indeed a child, symbolic of the emperor's care, through Annona's auspices, for his subjects.
Flatly struck on one side, but in fine style.David Atherton
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RIC 037 Domitian89 viewsAR Denarius, 2.96g
Rome mint, 81 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMITIAN AVG PONT; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded r.
Rev: COS VII DES VIII P P; Tripod with fillets; above, dolphin
RIC 37 (R2). BMC -. RSC -. BNC -.
Ex Private Collection.
An early rare 'PONT' denarius struck from Domitian's 3rd denarius issue of 81. The abbreviation 'PONT' for Ponitfex Maximus must have come early in the sequence of titles Domitian employed on his denarii and likely was short lived if its rarity is any indication. The records of the Arval brothers do not show Domitian as Pontifex Maximus by 30 October, so presumably he acquired the title in either November or December. The tripod and dolphin reverse is a carry-over pulvinaria type struck originally for Titus and perhaps connected to the religious ceremonies for the opening games of the Colosseum. Domitian finished the structure early in his reign which perhaps explains the continued striking of the pulvinar issue.
Some bumps and scrapes common to detectorist finds.David Atherton
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RIC 742 Domitian88 viewsAR Denarius, 3.40g
Rome mint, 92-93 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P XII; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XXII COS XVI CENS P P P; Minerva stg. l., with spear (M4)
RIC 742 (C3). BMC 207. RSC 278. BNC 186.
92 AD saw the largest denarius issues of Domitian's reign. This coin was minted after his 14 September accession date when he became TR P XII. Remarkably, Domitian did not hold the consulship in 93, so this issue cannot be dated as closely as normal and extends to 13 September 93, dated by his tribunician title only.
Stylistically this portrait exhibits the typical characteristics of the issue.David Atherton
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RIC 665 Domitian88 viewsAR Denarius, 3.12g
Rome mint, 88-89 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P VIII; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XVIII COS XIIII CENS P P P; Minerva stg. l., with thunderbolt and spear; shield at her l. side (M3)
RIC 665 (R2). BMC p. 331, *. RSC 247b. BNC 144.
A very rare denarius from Domitian's third issue of 88-89 recording his 18th imperial acclamation. Domitian was campaigning against the Dacians in 88 and presumably that is the likely explanation for most of the imperial acclamations during the time period. Those denarii with IMP XVIII are some of the rarest and were probably struck for just a few days. A military diploma dated 7 November, 88 records Domitian as IMP XVII, therefore this tiny issue must have been struck soon after that date at the end of 88 and/or very early in 89. RIC speculates mid December 88. All the denarii from this issue are quite scarce.
Struck in good metal in average style.David Atherton
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RIC 110 Domitian88 viewsÆ As, 10.56g
Rome mint, 82 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DIVI VESP F DOMITIAN AVG P M; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: TR P COS VIII DES VIIII P P; S C in field; Minerva adv. r., with spear and shield
RIC 110 (C3). BMC 281. BNC 290.
Acquired from Holding History, eBay, June 2019.
Early in Domitian's reign Minerva figured prominently on the aes coinage. This as from early 82 featuring his patron deity with spear and shield would later be adopted by the denarius issues after the overhaul of the mint later in the year. It would become one of the standard four Minerva types for that denomination.
Fetching olive green patina.David Atherton
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RIC 397 Domitian88 viewsÆ Sestertius, 26.19g
Rome mint, 85 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM COS XI CENS PER P P; Head of Domitian, laureate, r., with aegis
Rev: GERMANIA CAPTA; S C in exergue; Trophy; to r., German captive stg. r., hands bound, head l.; to l., Germania std. l.; around arms
RIC 397 (R2). BMC 361. BNC -.
Acquired from Incitatus Coins, August 2019.
In 85 Domitian struck a fairly impressive issue of sestertii, M. Grant hyperbolically called it the most 'ambitious' of any one reign or year. The series is the first major aes issue of Domitian's reign and is dominated by panoramic types commemorating his military victory over the Germanic tribe the Chatti. The details of the war are unclear, but the overall impression is that the conflict was a minor affair blown out of proportion by an emperor eager for military glory. Consequently, Domitian's Germanic triumph of 83 received a certain amount of ridicule from ancient writers who thought the whole thing was a sham (Dio goes so far as to say Domitian raided the palace's furniture stores for his fake spoils!), no doubt the numismatic propaganda for the victory was likely viewed in the same manner by contemporary senatorial elites. Germania Capta types were first struck in silver in 84 and in bronze in 85. This iconic Germania Capta sestertius strongly echoes Vespasian's Judaea Capta types - but instead of a palm tree we see a trophy and a bound captive replaces the triumphal emperor. H. Mattingly writes in BMCRE 'the type is closely modelled on the Judaea Capta of Vespasian, but the German element is indicated by the heavy angular cloak worn by the man and by the oblong shields.' Comparing the two triumphs, the Josephian scholar Steve Mason remarked - 'The same people who produced Flavian Triumph I: Judaea were on hand for Flavian Triumph II: Germania, and sequels are rarely as good as the originals.'
The Germania Capta sestertii were produced for only a few short years between 85-88. The present example from the third issue of 85 is a rare variant with an obverse legend struck just after Domitian had become censor for life (CENS PER).David Atherton
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RIC 605 Domitian88 views AR Denarius, 3.14g
Rome mint, 88 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P VIII; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, l.
Rev: COS XIIII across field; Column inscribed LVD SAEC FEC; all within laurel wreath
RIC 605 (R3). BMC -. RSC -. BNC -.
Ex CNG E517, 1 June 2022, lot 509. A. Short Collection, acquired from Peus 2021.
In October 88 AD Domitian held the Secular Games, a festival featuring theatrical performances and circus games accompanied by six various daytime and night-time religious ceremonies. The games marked the transition from one era (saeculum) to another and were supposedly held once every 110 years, or the maximum span of a human lifetime, making them a 'once in a lifetime' event. Domitian conducted his games on the Augustan calculation, rejecting the formula for the Claudian games held in 47 AD. The festival was important enough to interrupt the normal striking of reverse types on the coinage and for the mint to produce a new unique issue commemorating the event both in precious metal and bronze. The precious metal designs tended to be symbolic while the bronze were more narrative in nature, focusing on the various religious sacrifices that were at the heart of the games. Three reverse designs were produced for the denarii: herald with wand, cippus (column) within wreath, and herald standing by a cippus and incense burner. The vast majority of the Secular Games denarii were produced with right facing portraits, only a scarce handful feature one facing left. This cippus reverse with portrait left is only the second known specimen, the lone example cited by RIC is from the ANS collection (a double die match), a supreme testament to its rarity! David Atherton
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RIC 439 Domitian87 viewsAR Denarius, 3.15g
Rome mint, 86 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P V; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XII COS XII CENS P P P ; Minerva stg. l., with thunderbolt and spear; shield at her side (M3)
RIC 439 (R). BMC p. 319, note. RSC 202. BNC 98.
Acquired from Romae Aeternae, June 2016.
The second denarius issue of 86 records Domitian's 12th imperial acclamation. TR P V indicates it was struck before mid September. A fairly rare issue.
Obverse scratches, but I think the fine portrait redeems the coin.David Atherton
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RIC 760 Diva Julia Titi [Domitian]87 viewsÆ Sestertius, 24.33g
Rome mint, 92-94 AD
Obv: DIVAE IVLIAE AVG DIVI TITI F above; S P Q R in exergue; Carpentum drawn r. by two mules
Rev: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM COS XVI CENS PER P P; S C, large, in centre
RIC 760 (R). BMC 471. BNC 502.
Acquired from Ken Dorney, January 2020. Ex Agora Auctions Sale 84, 4 September 2019, lot 187. Ex CNG E314, 6 November 2013, lot 364.
Titus' daughter Julia Titi was granted the title Augusta sometime in 80 or 81 during his reign. After Titus' death she lived with her uncle Domitian at the imperial residence. In 90 or 91 AD she died and was deified by Domitian, this was commemorated on the coinage. The ancient sources are quick to malign her reputation in the name of smearing Domitian. It is said she had an ongoing affair with Domitian and became pregnant. She then was forced by Domitian to abort the baby and died during the attempted abortion sometime in 90 or 91. The Flavian historian Brian Jones has called the supposed affair between Domitian and his niece Julia (some ten or eleven years his junior) and the subsequent forced abortion which killed her as "implausible" and "nonsense". Further he wrote "Scholars seem not to have stressed one of the most significant factors in assessing the rumour's accuracy - Martial's epigram 6.3, written not long after Julia's death and deification. In it, he expresses the hope that Domitian will produce a son, implies that the baby's name will be Julius (6.3.1) and states that (the now deified) Julia will be able to watch over him (6.3.5). Martial was neither a hero or a fool. Had there been the slightest hint of an affair between emperor and niece, he would hardly have written those lines; had Julia's recent death been caused by an abortion forced on her by Domitian, would Martial have so far neglected the bounds of 'safe criticism' and common sense as to humiliate Domitia publicly, urging her to become pregnant, to give the child a name reminiscent of her husband's mistress and finally to remember that same mistress, now dead and deified (thanks to her husband), would be able to protect the child?" No doubt, the Diva coins testify that Domitian felt great affection towards his niece, however, there is no evidence that they had an illicit love affair. The incestuous rumour was spread after Domitian's death.
This sestertius struck for Diva Julia Titi between 92 and 94 copies an early carpentum and mules type struck under Tiberius for Diva Livia and another under Titus struck for her grandmother Domitilla. It is the second issue of this type struck under Domitian and is slightly rarer than the earlier one produced in 90-91. In the early empire the carpentum was granted to ladies of the imperial house by the Senate as an imperial honour. It was frequently used to convey an image of the deceased Divae and to symbolise the event on the coinage. The style of the Diva Julia Titi sestertii are so similar to those of the earlier Memoriae Domitilla sestertii that the RIC authors speculate a few of the older Domitilla dies were recut for Julia's issues (p. 317, note). It's astonishing to think that the mint still had access to dies that were nearly a decade old and were able to re-use them for a new issue!
Dark brassy tone with some minor pitting.David Atherton
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RIC 102 Domitian86 viewsAR Denarius, 2.81g
Rome mint, 82 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMITIANVS AVG P M; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: TR POT COS VIII P P; Tripod with fillets; above, dolphin
RIC 102 (C2). BMC 30. RSC 594 corr. (without ravens). BNC 33.
Acquired from Aegean Numismatics, July 2011.
A reverse type that is part of the last issue of denarii Domitian minted in early 82 AD before the coinage reform which improved the quality and fineness of the coinage. RSC incorrectly places ravens on tripod. For Domitian the ravens are found only on RIC 5.
Better in hand than the photo suggests. A worn but respectable denarius.David Atherton
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RIC 721 Domitian85 viewsAR Denarius, 3.39g
Rome mint, 90-91 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P X; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XXI COS XV CENS P P P; Minerva stg. l., with thunderbolt and spear; shield at her l. side (M3)
RIC 721 (C2). BMC 181. RSC 264. BNC 169.
Acquired from MUSA, May 2013.
Domitian did not assume the consulship in 91, so this coin is dated by the tribunician title from mid-September 90 to mid-September 91. The basic four Minerva reverse types dominate this series.
A decent coin in fine style. Domitian's exacting high standards are in evidence here.David Atherton
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RIC 751 Domitian85 viewsÆ Sestertius, 23.75g
Rome mint, 92-94 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM COS XVI CENS PER P P; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IOVI VICTORI; S C in exergue; Jupiter std. l., with Victory and sceptre
RIC 751 (C2). BMC 464. BNC 491.
Acquired from eBay, May 2019. Ex Degani Coin Shop.
Just like the silver and gold, Domitian's aes coinage in the mid 80s settled down to a few predicable reverse types that were annually struck throughout the reign. The Sestertii were dominated by Victory crowning the emperor and the seated Jupiter with Victory, as seen on this coin. 'Jupiter the giver of Victory' was an important propaganda type because of the periodic conflicts on the Northern frontier that flared up form time to time. Domitian did not renew the consulship until 95, so these COS XVI sestertii are imprecisely dated between 92-94, which accounts for their extreme commonness.
A well worn example with a good portrait and fine olive green patina.David Atherton
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RIC 295 Domitian85 viewsÆ Dupondius, 13.50g
Rome mint, 85 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMITIAN AVG GERM COS XI; Head of Domitian, radiate, bearded, r., with aegis
Rev: S C in field; Trophy; to l., German captive std. l.; to r., Germania std. r.
RIC 295 (C). BMC 310. BNC 332.
Acquired from Forvm Ancient Coins, October 2019. Ex Edgar L. Owen.
A 'Germania Capta' dupondius struck during Domitian's first issue of 85, the first bronze issue that fully celebrated the German victory. The war with the German tribe the Chatti likely took place in either 82 or 83. Domitian acquired the title 'Germanicus' in 83, the year of his German triumph. Why it took so long for these achievements to be commemorated on the bronze coinage is a mystery. Perhaps the bronze mint was not in full operation until 85? The motif of the reverse design closely follows the 'Judaea Capta' types of Vespasian (who in turn copied it from well known republican types). The trunk of the trophy even resembles a palm. The 'Germania Capta' types would be struck for only a few short years between 85-88.
Beautiful dark olive green patina.David Atherton
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RIC 773 Domitian84 viewsAR Denarius, 3.38g
Rome mint, 95 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P XIIII; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XXII COS XVII CENS P P P; Minerva stg. l., with spear (M4)
RIC 773 (C2). BMC 226. RSC 286. BNC 203.
Acquired from Forvm Ancient Coins, September 2014.
This denarius records Domitian's 17th consulship, dating it between January and September 95. The issue it is from is one which wholly consists of the four standard Minerva types with no deviations. The production levels at the Rome mint remained high in 95, possibly because of a third Pannonian war Domitian waged in 95-96.
It's a good example of the late portrait style featuring a supremely quaffed Domitian.David Atherton
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RIC 429 Domitian84 viewsAR Denarius, 3.12g
Rome mint, 86 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P V; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XI COS XII CENS P P P; Minerva stg. l., with thunderbolt and spear; shield at her side (M3)
RIC 429 (C). BMC 90. RSC 193. BNC 90.
Part of the first issue of 86, this denarius features the most common Minerva type (M3) for the issue. Not a die match with the RIC plate coin, however, it appears the same hand engraved both. Judging by the patina and flan condition it may possibly be a detectorist find.
In fine style and a decent specimen despite the flan chip. Forgive the poor photo quality which of course does it no justice.David Atherton
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RIC 741 Domitian83 viewsAR Denarius, 3.45g
Rome mint, 92-93 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P XII; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: IMP XXII COS XVI CENS P P P; Minerva stg. l., with thunderbolt and spear, shield at her l. side (M3)
RIC 741 (C3). BMC 205. RSC 279. BNC 185.
Acquired from Zuzim, April 2014.
92 AD saw the largest denarius issues of Domitian's reign. This coin was minted after his 14 September accession date when he became TR P XII. Remarkably, Domitian did not hold the consulship in 93, so this issue cannot be dated as closely as normal and extends to 13 September 93, dated by his tribunician title only.
A denarius struck at a time of massive production. The style is not high quality, but is quite solid considering the volume of the issue.
David Atherton
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RIC 048 Domitian83 viewsAR Denarius, 2.96g
Rome mint, 81 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMITIANVS AVG P M; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: TR P COS VII DES VIII P P; Curule chair, wreath above
RIC 48 (C). BMC 18. RSC 570. BNC 17.
Acquired from Lucernae, eBay, December 2014.
This fairly common denarius was struck towards the end of 81 and is part of the group 4 denarii, the largest issue of the year. The curule chair reverse is a carry-over from the pulvinaria types struck by Titus. Presumably the mint had no new reverse types in readiness for Domitian and had to recycled those from the previous reign.
A good, early style portrait struck on a tight flan.David Atherton
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RIC 796 Domitian83 viewsÆ Sestertius, 22.99g
Rome mint, 95-96 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM COS XVII CENS PER P P; Bust of Domitian, laureate, r., draped and cuirassed
Rev: S C in exergue; Triumphal arch, showing two archways, surmounted by two elephant quadrigae
RIC 796 (R2). BMC -. BNC 509.
Acquired from Romae Aeternae Numismatics, October 2020.
'He erected so many and such huge vaulted passage-ways and arches in the various regions of the city, adorned with chariots and triumphal emblems, that on one of them someone wrote in Greek: "enough!" '- Suetonius, Life of Domitian, 13.2.
Thus we begin with a pun. Some nameless wag scrawled ARCI on one of Domitian’s many arches, punning on the similarity between arcus (‘arch’) and the Greek arkei (‘enough’). Suetonius thought it clever enough to pass it along in his Life of Domitian. Domitian was a builder and he did indeed erect many arches throughout the city of Rome. This rare sestertius struck during Domitian's last year as emperor depicts one of them, but which one? The clue actually resides with another ancient author- Martial.
'Here where the dazzling temple of Fortuna Redux shines broadly, recently was till now an open space. Here Caesar stood, beautiful with the dust of northern war, pouring out purple radiance from his face. Here Rome, dressed in white and hair wreathed in laurel, greeted the leader with voice and hand. And other grand gifts testify to the merit of the place. A sacred arch standing exultant over subjected nations. Here twin chariots numbering many an elephant. Himself golden, he stands up to the immense yokes. A gate worthy of the emperor's triumphs. It is suitable to have these entrances to the city of Mars.' - Martial, 8.65.
Martial describes an arch erected by Domitian near the Temple of Fortuna Redux. The arch is topped by a pair of bigas pulled by elephants, which is exactly what the coin depicts. The coin shows a quadrifrontal arch seen from one of the corners, with two of the archways visible. Apparently it stood at a crossroads - the Via Flaminia and the Vicus Pallacinae being the prime candidates. Mary Beard in her book 'The Roman Triumph' conjectures the arch is a porta triumphalis. The triumph in question is unknown. Martial says Domitian has returned from a 'northern war', we do not know which one. It is tempting to speculate the arch was erected for one of Domitian's German triumphs, but the term 'northern war' could fit almost any of the numerous northern border conflicts that were waged in the late 80s and early 90s AD. Melanie Grunow Sobocinski plausibly speculates the arch could be connected to Domitian's January 93 triumph over the Sarmatians.
The elephant arch sestertii are extremely rare and were perhaps minted as presentation pieces, judging by their monumental nature and the fact they were part of a special issue of sestertii depicting several of Domitian's monuments (the imperial palace and Equus Maximus). Ian Carradice wrote of them 'All the coins of this special series lack reverse legends (they include only S C), and the sestertii are further distinguished by two exceptional portraits of Domitian, one with drapery representing a military cloak, and one in which the aegis reappears. The nature of the types, their style and their great rarity all suggest that these coins perhaps formed a special commemorative issue.' (Coinage and Finances in the Reign of Domitian, p. 123) The arch is long gone, but the coins still remain as a testament to Domitian's megalomania.
No specimens of the type are in the BM. The above coin is a double die match with the Paris specimen. A truly remarkable piece struck in very fine style!David Atherton
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RIC 707 Domitian81 viewsÆ As, 9.32g
Rome mint, 90-91 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM COS XV CENS PER P P; Head of Domitian, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: FORTVNAE AVGVSTI; S C in field; Fortuna stg. l., with rudder and cornucopiae
RIC 707 (C). BMC 448. BNC 480.
Acquired from eBay, July 2019.
This common Fortuna type was repeatedly struck throughout Domitian's reign on his middle bronze. She also fleetingly showed up on the denarius in 82. Mattingly calls this Fortuna 'the special Fortuna that watches over the imperial office'. Suetonius writes that near the end of Domitian's reign on 1 January 96 'The Fortuna of Praeneste, which throughout the whole time he was emperor had habitually given him a happy and virtually the same answer to him whenever he entrusted the new year to her care, finally gave a most gloomy answer - and not without the mention of blood.'
Good middle period style and nicely centred.David Atherton
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RIC 833 Domitian (1)81 viewsÆ Dupondius, 12.14g
Eastern Mint (Thrace?), 81 AD
Obv: IMP D CAES DIVI VESP F AVG P M TR P P P COS VII; Head of Domitian, radiate, bearded, r.
Rev: ROMA; S C in exergue; Roma std. l. on cuirass, with wreath and parazonium
RIC 833 (R). BMC 514. RPC 528. BNC 549.
Ex eBay, July 2019.
An unidentified Eastern mint struck aes coinage for Titus between 80-81 and then for Domitian in 81-82. The style (heavily seriffed letters, large portraits, and massive reverse figures), unique obverse legends, and uncommon fabric (flat, almost convex flans) all suggest a mint other than Rome. Attributing exactly where these coins were struck has historically been a moving target - Mattingly in BMCRE thought Lugdunum, H.A. Cahn believed somewhere in Bithynia. More recent scholarship has looked towards Thrace as a possible location for production based on the Balkan distribution pattern of found specimens. Although the region of mintage has been narrowed down, the city itself remains elusive. RPC has suggested possibly Perinthus. Presumably a shortage of bronze coins in the region prompted a localised imperial issue. The striking of imperial bronze outside of Rome was an exceptional step at the time considering the last imperial branch mint at Lugdunum had shuttered late in Vespasian's reign. The issues consisted of sestertii, dupondii, asses, and semisses which copied types struck at Rome.
Production at this Eastern mint continued uninterrupted between Titus' and Domitian's reigns, hinted at by Domitian's seamless adoption of Titus' types and legend formula after his accession - exemplified by the minor substitution of a 'D' for a 'T' in the obverse legend of this dupondius. Roma is the only reverse type struck on the dupondius for both issues. The coinage struck under Domitian at this mint is quite rare, owing to the short time frame in which it was produced. After its closure in early 82, the striking of imperial coinage would be consolidated at Rome for the remainder of Domitian's reign.
Handsome dark patina and honest wear.David Atherton
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