| Image search results - "symbols" |
CEYLON (MEDIEVAL): Vijaya Bahu I, ca. 1055-1110, AV kahavanu (4.24g), Mitch-831, king holding conch // standing king with ancillary symbols,Quant.Geek
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INDIA, Medieval. Pandyas. Jatavarman Kulasekhara, 1190-1216. AE (Bronze, 15 mm, 1.59 g). Chola style King standing facing, head to right, holding rosebud in his left hand; around, different symbols. Rev. Fish and other symbols. Biddulph, Pandyas, 81. Quant.Geek
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1st Century BC - 1st Century CE, IRON AGE BRITAIN, Tribe: Dobunni, AR Unit, uninscribed seriesObverse: Degraded Celtic “Moon Head” facing right, pellets/symbols in front.
Reverse: Celticised triple tailed horse galloping left; cross above, pellets around.
Diameter: 13.0mm | Weight: 0.67gms | Axis: 3h
SPINK: 377 | ABC 2024
RARE
THE DOBUNNI
The Dobunni were one of the few Iron Age tribes which issued coins before the arrival of the Romans. Their territory covered an area that today broadly coincides with the English counties of Bristol, Gloucestershire and the north of Somerset, although at times their territory may have extended into parts of what are now Herefordshire, Oxfordshire, Wiltshire, Worcestershire, and Warwickshire.
Remnants of several hillforts thought to have been occupied by the Dobunni can be seen in the Bristol area at Maes Knoll, Clifton Down, Burwalls and Stokeleigh, all overlooking the Avon Gorge, as well as at Kingsweston Down and Blaise Castle.
Unlike their neighbours, such as the Silures in what later became south-east Wales, the Dobunni were not a warlike people, being primarily a large group of farmers and craftspeople living in small villages. They submitted to the Romans even before they reached their territory, and after the Roman conquest they readily adopted a Romano-British lifestyle. The Romans gave the Dobunni capital the name of Corinium Dobunnorum, which is known as Cirencester today.
CLICK ON MAP BELOW TO ENLARGE IT
 *Alex
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Philip II, 359 - 336 BC. AE18. Struck after 356 BC at an uncertain mint in MacedoniaObverse: No legend. Young male head, usually identified as Apollo, with hair bound in a taenia, facing left.
Reverse: ΦIΛIΠΠOY, Naked rider on horse prancing left, uncertain control mark, often described as the head of a lion, beneath the horse. The control mark looks a bit like the ram on the prow of a galley to me, but that is just my personal opinion.
Diameter: 17.4mm | Weight: 6.9gms | Die Axis: 12
SNG ANS 872 - 874
The bronze series of this type is extensive and differentiated principally by the different control marks. These control marks are symbols and letters which generally appear on the reverse, very occasionally the obverse, of the coin, and they were used to identify the officials responsible for a particular issue of coinage.
Philip II won the horseback race at the 106th Olympics in 356 BC, and it is thought that the horseman on the reverse of this coin commemorates that event.
Philip II of Macedon was King of Macedon from 359 until his death in 336 BC. He was the father of Alexander the Great and Philip III Arrhidaeus. In 357 BC, Philip married Olympias, who was the daughter of the king of the Molossians. Alexander was born in 356 BC, the same year as Philip's horse won at the Olympic Games.
Only Greeks were allowed to participate in the Olympic Games, and Philip was determined to convince his Athenian opposition that he was indeed worthy to be considered Greek. And, after successfully uniting Macedonia and Thessaly, Philip could legitimately participate in the Olympics. In 365 BC Philip entered his horse into the keles, a horseback race in the 106th Olympics, and won. He proceeded to win two more times, winning the four horse chariot race in the 352 BC 107th Olympics and the two horse chariot race in the 348 BC 108th Olympics. These were great victories for Philip because not only had he been admitted officially into the Olympic Games but he had also won, solidifying his standing as a true Greek.
The conquest and political consolidation of most of Greece during Philip's reign was achieved in part by the creation of the Macedonian phalanx which gave him an enormous advantage on the battlefield. After defeating Athens and Thebes at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC Philip II established the League of Corinth, a federation of Greek states, with him at it's head, with the intention of invading the Persian empire. In 336 BC he sent an army of 10,000 men into Asia Minor to make preparations for the invasion by freeing the Greeks living on the western coast and islands from Persian rule. All went well until the news arrived that Philip had been assassinated. The Macedonians were demoralized by Philip's death and were subsequently defeated by Persian forces near Magnesia.
Philip II was murdered in October 336 BC, at Aegae, the ancient capital of the Macedonian kingdom, while he was entering into the town's theatre. He was assassinated by Pausanius, one of his own bodyguards, who was himself slain by three of Philip's other bodyguards. The reasons for Philip's assassination are not now fully known, with many modern historians saying that, on the face of it, none of the ancient accounts which have come down to us appear to be credible.*Alex
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Philip II, 359 - 336 BC. AE18. Struck after 356 BC at an uncertain mint in MacedoniaObverse: No legend. Young male head, usually identified as Apollo, with hair bound in a taenia, facing left.
Reverse: ΦIΛIΠΠOY, Naked rider on horse prancing right, forepart of bull butting right control mark (helmet?) beneath the horse.
Diameter: 19mm | Weight: 6.95gms | Die Axis: 9
GCV: 6699 | Forrer/Weber: 2068
The bronze series of this type is extensive and differentiated principally by the different control marks. These control marks are symbols and letters which generally appear on the reverse, very occasionally the obverse, of the coin, and they were used to identify the officials responsible for a particular issue of coinage.
Philip II won the horseback race at the 106th Olympics in 356 BC, and it is thought that the horseman on the reverse of this coin commemorates this event.
Philip II of Macedon was King of Macedon from 359 until his death in 336 BC. He was the father of Alexander the Great and Philip III Arrhidaeus. In 357 BC, Philip married Olympias, who was the daughter of the king of the Molossians. Alexander was born in 356 BC, the same year as Philip's horse won at the Olympic Games.
The conquest and political consolidation of most of Greece during Philip's reign was achieved in part by the creation of the Macedonian phalanx which gave him an enormous advantage on the battlefield. After defeating Athens and Thebes at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC Philip II established the League of Corinth, a federation of Greek states, with him at it's head, with the intention of invading the Persian empire. In 336 BC, Philip II sent an army of 10,000 men into Asia Minor to make preparations for the invasion by freeing the Greeks living on the western coast and islands from Persian rule. All went well until the news arrived that Philip had been assassinated. The Macedonians were demoralized by Philip's death and were subsequently defeated by Persian forces near Magnesia.
Philip II was murdered in October 336 BC, at Aegae, the ancient capital of the Macedonian kingdom, while he was entering into the town's theatre. He was assassinated by Pausanius, one of his own bodyguards, who was himself slain by three of Philip's other bodyguards. The reasons for Philip's assassination are not now fully known, with many modern historians saying that, on the face of it, none of the ancient accounts which have come down to us appear to be credible.*Alex
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Philip II, 359 - 336. AE18. Struck after 356 BC at an uncertain mint in Macedonia Obverse: No legend. Young male head, usually identified as Apollo, with hair bound in a taenia, facing right.
Reverse: ΦIΛIΠΠOY, Naked rider on horse prancing right, retrograde E control mark beneath the horse.
Diameter: 17.16mm | Weight: 6.09gms | Die Axis: 12
SNG ANS 919 - 920
The bronze series of this type is extensive and differentiated principally by the different control marks. These control marks are symbols and letters which generally appear on the reverse, very occasionally the obverse, of the coin, and they were used to identify the officials responsible for a particular issue of coinage.
Philip II won the horseback race at the 106th Olympics in 356 BC, and it is thought that the horseman on the reverse of this coin commemorates this event.
Philip II of Macedon was King of Macedon from 359 until his death in 336 BC. He was the father of Alexander the Great and Philip III Arrhidaeus. In 357 BC, Philip married Olympias, who was the daughter of the king of the Molossians. Alexander was born in 356 BC, the same year as Philip's horse won at the Olympic Games.
The conquest and political consolidation of most of Greece during Philip's reign was achieved in part by the creation of the Macedonian phalanx which gave him an enormous advantage on the battlefield. After defeating Athens and Thebes at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC Philip II established the League of Corinth, a federation of Greek states, with him at it's head, with the intention of invading the Persian empire. In 336 BC, Philip II sent an army of 10,000 men into Asia Minor to make preparations for the invasion by freeing the Greeks living on the western coast and islands from Persian rule. All went well until the news arrived that Philip had been assassinated. The Macedonians were demoralized by Philip's death and were subsequently defeated by Persian forces near Magnesia.
Philip II was murdered in October 336 BC, at Aegae, the ancient capital of the Macedonian kingdom, while he was entering into the town's theatre. He was assassinated by Pausanius, one of his own bodyguards, who was himself slain by three of Philip's other bodyguards. The reasons for Philip's assassination are not now fully known, with many modern historians saying that, on the face of it, none of the ancient accounts which have come down to us appear to be credible.*Alex
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Philip II, 359 - 336. AE18. Struck after 356 BC at an uncertain mint in MacedoniaObverse: No legend. Young male head, usually identified as Apollo, with hair bound in a taenia, facing right.
Reverse: ΦIΛIΠΠOY, Naked rider on horse prancing left, spearhead control mark beneath the horse.
Diameter: 18.00mm | Weight: 6.00gms | Die Axis: 12
SNG ANS 850 | Mionnet I: 750
The bronze series of this type is extensive and differentiated principally by the different control marks. These control marks are symbols and letters which generally appear on the reverse, very occasionally the obverse, of the coin, and they were used to identify the officials responsible for a particular issue of coinage.
Philip II won the horseback race at the 106th Olympics in 356 BC, and it is thought that the horseman on the reverse of this coin commemorates this event.
Philip II of Macedon was King of Macedon from 359 until his death in 336 BC. He was the father of Alexander the Great and Philip III Arrhidaeus. In 357 BC, Philip married Olympias, who was the daughter of the king of the Molossians. Alexander was born in 356 BC, the same year as Philip's horse won at the Olympic Games.
The conquest and political consolidation of most of Greece during Philip's reign was achieved in part by the creation of the Macedonian phalanx which gave him an enormous advantage on the battlefield. After defeating Athens and Thebes at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC Philip II established the League of Corinth, a federation of Greek states, with him at it's head, with the intention of invading the Persian empire. In 336 BC, Philip II sent an army of 10,000 men into Asia Minor to make preparations for the invasion by freeing the Greeks living on the western coast and islands from Persian rule. All went well until the news arrived that Philip had been assassinated. The Macedonians were demoralized by Philip's death and were subsequently defeated by Persian forces near Magnesia.
Philip II was murdered in October 336 BC, at Aegae, the ancient capital of the Macedonian kingdom, while he was entering into the town's theatre. He was assassinated by Pausanius, one of his own bodyguards, who was himself slain by three of Philip's other bodyguards. The reasons for Philip's assassination are not now fully known, with many modern historians saying that, on the face of it, none of the ancient accounts which have come down to us appear to be credible.*Alex
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INDIA-Panchala-Kingdom-HALF-Karshapana-INDIRAMITRA-RARE-COIN-4-42gm Obverse Lord Indra standing on a pedestal
Reverse Three Panchala symbols in a row, with name below in Brahmi script: Indramitrasa
Date c. 1st century BCE - 1st century CE (highly uncertain)
Weight 4.78 gm.
Diameter 16 mm.
Die axis 5 o'clock
Reference MAC 4539, Shrimali Type A
Comments The Panchala series is one of the most interesting of the ancient India coin series, because it is quite long and the kings are named on them. Unfortunately, we know very little about the chronology. The order of kings is not known and even the dates of the series are still debated. It appears the series belongs in the post-Mauryan period, but further details are still unavailable.
You can see a catalog of Panchala coins on the CoinIndia website. Antonivs Protti
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INDIA-Panchala-Kingdom-HALF-Karshapana-INDIRAMITRA-RARE-COIN-4-6gm Obverse Lord Indra standing on a pedestal
Reverse Three Panchala symbols in a row, with name below in Brahmi script: Indramitrasa
Date c. 1st century BCE - 1st century CE (highly uncertain)
Weight 4.78 gm.
Diameter 16 mm.
Die axis 5 o'clock
Reference MAC 4539, Shrimali Type A
Comments The Panchala series is one of the most interesting of the ancient India coin series, because it is quite long and the kings are named on them. Unfortunately, we know very little about the chronology. The order of kings is not known and even the dates of the series are still debated. It appears the series belongs in the post-Mauryan period, but further details are still unavailable.
You can see a catalog of Panchala coins on the CoinIndia website. Antonivs Protti
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Rhodos, Carian Islands, c. 188 - 84 B.C.Silver hemidrachm, cf. SNG Keckman 642 ff. (various magistrates and control symbols)Dexikrates, Fine/Fair, scratches, underweight (perhaps imitative), 0.905g, 13.0mm, 135o, Rhodos (Rhodes) mint, c. 188 - 84 B.C.; obverse radiate head of Helios facing slightly right; reverse rose with bud to right, P-O in fields, magistrates name above,ΔΕΞΙΚΡΑΤΗΣ, control symbol lower left, all within a shallow square incuse;Randygeki(h2)
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028 Károly Róbert., (Charles Robert of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1307-1342 A.D.) AR-Denarius, U-393.n, #01028 Károly Róbert., (Charles Robert of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1307-1342 A.D.) AR-Denarius, U-393.n, #01
avers: RЄGIS•KAROLI, King enthroned, facing, holding sceptre and orb; border of dots.
reverse: ✠ m•RЄGIS•hVnGARIЄ, Shield with Árpádian stripes and Anjevin lilies, botle(symbols) as (privy marks) to left and righ, border of dots.
exergue, mint mark:botle(symbols)/botle(symbols)//--, diameter: 15mm, weight: 0,70g, axis:11h,
mint: Hungary, , mint mark: botle(symbols)-botle(symbols), date: 1338 (by Pohl) A.D., ref: Unger-393.n, CNH-2-018, Huszár-495, Pohl-52-04,
Q-001quadrans
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028 Károly Róbert., (Charles Robert of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1307-1342 A.D.) AR-Obulus, U-403.???, New privy mark!!! #01028 Károly Róbert., (Charles Robert of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1307-1342 A.D.) AR-Obulus, U-403.???, New privy mark!!! #01
avers: No legend, King enthroned, facing, holding scepter and orb, bottle(symbols) to left and right Angevin lilies above and belove both sides, border of dots.
reverse: ✠ M•RЄGIS KAROLI•, Shield with Árpádian stripes and Angevin lilies, bottle(symbols) as (privy marks) to left and right, border of dots.
exergue, mint mark:bottle(symbols)/bottle(symbols)//--, diameter: 11,5mm, weight: 0,36g, axis:0h,
mint: Hungary, , mint mark: bottle(symbols)-bottle(symbols), date: 1338 (by Pohl) A.D., ref: Unger-403.???, CNH-2-019, Huszár-496, Pohl-52-??,
Q-001quadrans
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064 - Septimius Severus denarius - RIC 012Obv:- IMP CAE L SEP SEV PERT AVG, Laureate head right
Rev:- LEG XI CL / TR P COS, Legionary eagle between two standards, Capricorns on standards.
Minted in Rome. A.D. 193
Reference:- Cohen 268. RIC 12 (Scarce)
Capricorns were the symbols of the XIIII the legion though Capricorns have been noted on several other legions in error.
Legio XI Claudia Pia Fidelis dates back to the two legions (the other was the XIIth) recruited by Julius Caesar to invade Gallia in 58 BC, and it existed at least until early 5th century, guarding lower Danube in Durostorum (modern Silistra, Bulgaria). maridvnvm
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064 - Septimius Severus denarius - RIC 012Obv:- IMP CAE L SEP SEV PERT AVG, Laureate head right
Rev:- LEG XI CL / TR P COS, Legionary eagle between two standards, Capricorns on standards.
Minted in Rome. A.D. 193
Reference:- Cohen 268. RIC 12 (Scarce)
Capricorns were the symbols of the XIIII the legion though Capricorns have been noted on several other legions in error.
Legio XI Claudia Pia Fidelis dates back to the two legions (the other was the XIIth) recruited by Julius Caesar to invade Gallia in 58 BC, and it existed at least until early 5th century, guarding lower Danube in Durostorum (modern Silistra, Bulgaria). maridvnvm
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1422 - 1461, HENRY VI (First Reign), AR Halfpenny, Struck 1430 - 1434 at Calais, FranceObverse: HENRICVS (pinecone) REX (mascle) ANGL. Crowned facing bust of Henry VI within circle of pellets. Mintmark: Cross patonce in legend.
Reverse: VIL(mascle)LA CALISIE (pinecone). Long cross pattée dividing legend around inner circle of pellets into quarters, trefoil in each quarter of circle.
Diameter: 15mm | Weight: 0.45gms | Axis: 6h
SPINK: 1885
This issue of coins is known as the pinecone-mascle issue because these symbols are incorporated in the obverse and reverse legends. This issue was struck between 1430 and 1434 at the mints of London and Calais.
CLICK ON IMAGE BELOW FOR INFO ON HENRY VI
 *Alex
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1501s, Valentinian I, 25 February 364 - 17 November 375 A.D. (Siscia)Valentinian I, 25 February 364 - 17 November 375 A.D., Bronze AE 3, S 4103, VF, Siscia mint, 2.012g, 18.7mm, 180o, 24 Aug 367 - 17 Nov 375 A.D.obverse D N VALENTINI-ANVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right; reverse SECVRITAS - REIPVBLICAE, Victory advancing left, wreath in right and palm in left, symbols in fields, mintmark in exergue.
De Imperatoribus Romanis, An Online Encyclopedia of the Roman Emperors and their Families
Valentinian I (364-375 AD.)
Walter E. Roberts, Emory University
Valentinian was one of Rome's last great warrior emperors. Flavius Valentinianus, was born in A.D. 321 at Cibalis (modern Vinkovci) in southern Pannonia. His father Gratian was a soldier renowned for his strength and wrestling skills. Gratian had an illustrious career in the army, rising from staff officer to tribune, to comes Africae, and finally [i/comes Britanniae.
The emperor Jovian died on 17 February 364, apparently of natural causes, on the border between Bithynia and Galatia. The army marched on to Nicaea, the nearest city of any consequence, and a meeting of civil and military officials was convened to choose a new emperor. The assembly finally agreed upon Valentinian.
On 26 February 364, Valentinian accepted the office offered to him. As he prepared to make his accession speech, the soldiers threatened to riot, apparently uncertain as to where his loyalties lay. Valentinian reassured them that the army was his greatest priority. Furthermore, to prevent a crisis of succession if he should die prematurely, he agreed to pick a co-Augustus. According to Ammianus, the soldiers were astounded by Valentinian’s bold demeanor and his willingness to assume the imperial authority. His decision to elect a fellow-emperor could also be construed as a move to appease any opposition among the civilian officials in the eastern portion of the empire. By agreeing to appoint a co-ruler, he assured the eastern officials that someone with imperial authority would remain in the east to protect their interests. After promoting his brother Valens to the rank of tribune and putting him in charge of the royal stables on March 1, Valentinian selected Valens as co-Augustus at Constantinople on 28 March 364, though this was done over the objections of Dagalaifus. Ammianus makes it clear, however, that Valens was clearly subordinate to his brother.
Ammianus and Zosimus as well as modern scholars praise Valentinian for his military accomplishments. He is generally credited with keeping the Roman empire from crumbling away by “. . . reversing the generally waning confidence in the army and imperial defense . . ..” Several other aspects of Valentinian's reign also set the course of Roman history for the next century.
Valentinian deliberately polarized Roman society, subordinating the civilian population to the military. The military order took over the old prestige of the senatorial nobility. The imperial court, which was becoming more and more of a military court, became a vehicle for social mobility. There were new ideas of nobility, which was increasingly provincial in character. By this it is meant that the imperial court, not the Senate, was the seat of nobility, and most of these new nobles came from the provinces. With the erosion of the old nobility, the stage was set for the ascendancy of Christianity. Ammianus makes it clear that actions such as these were part of a systematic plan by Valentinian to erode the power and prestige of the senatorial aristocracy. Several pieces of extant legislation seem to confirm Ammianus’ allegations that Valentinian was eroding senatorial prestige.
Valentinian's reign affords valuable insights into late Roman society, civilian as well as military. First, there was a growing fracture between the eastern and western portions of the empire. Valentinian was the last emperor to really concentrate his resources on the west. Valens was clearly in an inferior position in the partnership. Second, there was a growing polarization of society, both Christian versus pagan, and civil versus military. Finally there was a growing regionalism in the west, driven by heavy taxation and the inability of Valentinian to fully exercise military authority in all areas of the west. All of these trends would continue over the next century, profoundly reshaping the Roman empire and western Europe.
By Walter E. Roberts, Emory University
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.Cleisthenes
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1783. Louis XVI. Burgundy Canal Inauguration.Obv. Draped bust right LUDOVICO XVI FR ET NAVAR REGI OPTIMO COMITIA BURGUND
Rev. Female water nymph, holding caduceus, surrounded by three male water nymphs on rocks surrounded by various symbols of prosperity UTRIUSQUE MARIS JUNCTIO TRIPLEN FOSSIS ABARARI ADLISER SEQUAN RHENUM SIMUL APERTIS MDCLXXXIII
Commemorates the construction of a canal system in Burgundy.LordBest
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1888 Tibetan Silver TangkaTibet, Silver Ga-den Tangka, 1½ Sho, ND (1888), L&M 628, Rhodes Biv, SCWC KM YB13.4, Type B, single line base (NW), aUNC, plain edge, weight 4.49g, composition Ag, diameter 27.0mm, thickness 1.0mm, die axis 0°, Dodpal mint, 1888; obverse Eight Auspicious Symbols of Tibetan Buddhism (Victory Banner, Two Fish, Lotus Flower, Endless Knot, Wheel of Law, Parasol, Conch Shell and Vase) clockwise from 12:00, within radiating petals of eight-petalled lotus flower arrayed around circle, beads in inner angles and three beads in outer angles, ornate lotus flower set on double waterline at centre, linear pearled border surrounding; reverse དགའ་ལྡན་ཕོ་བྲང་ ཕྱོ་ ལས་རྣམ་ རྣམ་རྒྱལ། (Ganden Palace, Victorious In All Directions) clockwise from 12:00, within oval frames of eight-petalled lotus flower arrayed around concave octagon, wavy lines between outer angles, eight-spoked Wheel of Law with three crescents within central hub, linear pearled border surrounding; from the Roger Belmar Collection; ex NumisCorner 846549 (31 Jul 2022); £83.73.Serendipity
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1i Last Bid to Revitalize Pagan ReligionJulian II
360-363
AE1
Portrait, right, D N FL CL IVLIANVS P F AVG
Bull, eagle, and two stars, SECVRITAS REIPVB, PCONST in ex.
Julian "the Apostate" issued this coin with the symbols of Jupiter on the reverse as part of his campaign to breath life back into pagan faith.
RIC 318Blindado
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2) The Pompeians: Quintus SiciniusROMAN REPUBLIC
Quintus Sicinius for Pompey
AR Denarius, 49 B.C. (3.6g)
Diademed head of Fortuna Populi Romani, goddess of Fortune of the Roman people. FORT before, P.R. behind / Crossed palm branch and winged caduceus (staff carried by ambassadors in wartime), wreath above. Q. SICINIVS, III VIR
The symbols of good fortune and victory on the reverse, together with Fortuna populi Romani on the obverse, anticipate victory by Pompey over Caesar.
CR 440, Sear Imperators #1, Sicinia 5
RM0043Sosius
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229 BC- Epidamos-Dyrrhachium, Illyria AR DrachmCow standing Right, looking back at suckling calf, MENIEKOS in greek above, nike flying right above legend, monogram/thunderbolt below
Square containing stellate pattern, legend around square.
after 229 BC, 3.23 gms, Sear Greek Coins and their Values sg1900 variant
Meniskos-Kallenos name combination, Class 5 drachm, issued in year -5 (last issue = year -1) that can be around the 70's of the first century BC.
Well centered, well struck specimens are rare. Here you can identify both obverse symbols, flying Nike (=Victory) above Meniskos (wreath in hand off-flan) and thunderbolt in the exergue. The legend on the reverse is DYP KA[L] [LH] NOS (lower segment off-flan).jimwho523
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352L Iuli Burso; c.85 BC
AR denarius
Obv Head right with the attributes of Apolo, Mercury and Neptune, symbols behind
Rev "L IVLI BVRSIO"
Victory in quadriga right, TI above
Rome mint
Crawford 352
Five specimens with this obverse/reverse pairing of symbols noted by De Ruyter in NC 1996
mauseus
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40. Magnentius.AE 1, Sept. 353 - Aug. 353, Ambianum mint.
Obverse: DN MAGNENTIVS P F AVG / Bust of Magnentius.
Reverse: SALVS DD NN AVG ET CAES / Large Christogram between small A and ω .
Mint mark: AMB
7.16 gm., 28 mm.
RIC #34; LRBC #19; Sear #18774.
The large Christogram is made up of X and P, the first two letters of "Christ" in Greek. It is placed between the first and last letters of the Greek alphabet. This is an allusion to Revelation 22:13 where Christ says "I am the Alpha and the Omega, The Beginning and the End, the First and the Last." It is interesting that these symbols would appear on the coins of Magnentius since he is generally considered to have been a pagan. See RIC, vol. VIII, page 43 for a discussion of this reverse type.Callimachus
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5713 EGYPT, Alexandria. Hadrian Tetradrachm 127-28 AD Mummiform OsirisReference.
Emmett 883.12; RPC III, 5713; Köln 982; Dattari (Savio) 1445; K&G 32.458.
Issue L ΔWΔƐΚΑΤΟΥ = year 12
Obv. ΑΥΤ ΚΑΙ - ΤΡΑΙAN ΑΔΡ CΕΒ
Laureate, draped, cuirassed bust right, seen from back.
Rev. LΔωΔΕ ΚΑΤΟV
Mummiform Osiris (Ptah-Sokar-Osiris) standing right, holding scepter tipped with jackal-head (Was-sceptre)
12.66 gr
24 mm
6h
Note.
Giovanni Dattari summarizes the unusual reverse type seen on this billon tetradrachm of Hadrian. The image of the Ptah-Sokar-Osiris divinity belongs to Egyptian theology, and in particular to funeral worship. It brings together three famous members of the Pharaonic Pantheon through their respective symbols: the headdress and scepter for Ptah, the solar disk for Osiris, and the mummiform wrappings for Sokar – the “Lord of the Necropolis.” These three associated divinities call upon the concepts of “mourning” and “life”, evoking at the same time the pain associated with death and the hope of resurrection. The main sanctuaries of Ptah, Sokaris, and Osiris were at Memphis and Abydos.okidoki
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5823 EGYPT, Alexandria. Hadrian Tetradrachm 132-33 AD Mummiform SokarReference.
Emmett 883.17; RPC III, 5823/5; Dattari (Savio) 1446
Issue L IZ = year 17
Obv. ΑΥΤ ΚΑΙС ΤΡΑΙΑΝ - ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟС СƐΒ
Laureate draped and cuirassed bust of Hadrian, r., seen from rear
Rev. L ΙΖ
Mummiform Sokar (Ptah-Sokar-Osiris) standing right, holding sceptre tipped with falon (Horus?)
13.00 gr
27 mm
12h
Note.
Giovanni Dattari summarizes the unusual reverse type seen on this billon tetradrachm of Hadrian. The image of the Ptah-Sokar-Osiris divinity belongs to Egyptian theology, and in particular to funeral worship. It brings together three famous members of the Pharaonic Pantheon through their respective symbols: the headdress and scepter for Ptah, the solar disk for Osiris, and the mummiform wrappings for Sokar – the “Lord of the Necropolis.” These three associated divinities call upon the concepts of “mourning” and “life”, evoking at the same time the pain associated with death and the hope of resurrection. The main sanctuaries of Ptah, Sokaris, and Osiris were at Memphis and Abydos.okidoki
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90 BC Calpurnius PisoLaureate head of Apollo right
L PISO FRVGI
Naked horseman galloping to the right holding palm-branch
CXXXI ? in exergue
Rome 90 BC
3.71g
Sear 235
"This extraordinarily large and complex issue represents one of the principal war coinages of the Romans during the conflict with the Marsic Confederation. The control-Marks are legion and consist of letters, mumerals and symbols in a multitude of combinations on the obverse and reverse" SEAR Millenium Edition
Sold Forum auction January 2018Jay GT4
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AE 11; Head of Rhodos right/ hibiscus, RORhodos, Carian Islands, c. 350 - 300 B.C. GB37413. Bronze AE 11, SNG Keckman 384 - 425 (various symbols), F, dark patina, Rhodos mint, 1.143g, 10.8mm, 45o, obverse diademed head of Rhodos right; reverse P O, hibiscus, bud at right, symbol off-flan. Ex FORVM, photo credit FORVMPodiceps
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AE weight (4 nomismata), marked with Golden color Chi-Rho #51,AE weight (4 nomismata), marked with Golden color Chi-Rho #51,
type: AE four-cornered weight, engraved square inside Christogram (Chi-Rho, marked with golden color), both side unredable symbols (hope Α-Ω ). In addition to the ich lines outside the 4 points (mean 4 nomismata ?).
size: 27x25x4mm,
weight: 17,83g, (4 nomismata, exactly 17.84g; 4x4,46 = 17.84g).
date: 6th-8th cent. A.D.,
ref: Not official, may be hommade,
distribution: Byzatine ?,
Q-051
"This is really a beautiful and rare weight. Congratulations!
From my point of view it is a nominal to 4 nomismata, exactly 17.83 g (4x4,46 = 17.84 g). Each side of the weight is separately punched with 4 points which means lettering for 4 nomismata.
Within the Christogram the letters Α-Ω are to be read. These were engraved faulty. No official weight, but a homemade version (see Simon Bendall). The Christogam was marked with golden color no gold inlay!
dated approx. 6th-8th cent. AD
similar weights were found in Bulgaria. by Basil, Thanks "
quadrans
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Aes Grave Sextans Circa 269-266 BCThe sextans was an Ancient Roman bronze coin produced during the Roman Republic valued at one-sixth of an as (2 unciae). The most common design for the sextans was the bust of Mercury and two pellets (indicating two unciae) on the obverse and the prow of a galley on the reverse. Earlier types depicted a scallop shell, a caduceus, or other symbols on the obverse.
ROME. Circa 269-266 BC. Æ Aes Grave Sextans (31mm, 20.40 g). Exterior of cockle shell; two pellets / Interior of cockle shell. Thurlow-Vecchi 20; Crawford 21/5; Haeberlin pl. 28, 3-8. Fine, rough green patina.
Ex-CNG 125, lot 166, 88/100
Checkecoli
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Akragas, Sicily275-240 BC
AE22 (21.8mm, 6.945g, 315o)
O: Laureate head of Zeus Hellanios right; symbols before and behind.
R: Two eagles standing left, devouring hare upon which they stand, nearer head up and wings closed, farther head down and wings open, caduceus above wings.
HGC 2, 159; Calciati p. 212, 125; SNG ANS 1128; Sear 1030; BMC 2, 131
ex Forvm Ancient Coins
Enodia
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Alexander Hamilton, 1971 NYU Hall of Fame MedalObv: ALEXANDER HAMILTON 1755 - 1804, bust of Hamilton facing three-quarters to left, his signature below.
Rev: THE HALL OF FAME FOR GREAT AMERICANS AT NEW YORK UNIVERSITY ©1971, a full length image of Hamilton standing slightly to the right, he holds a document, to the right is a depiction of the original 13 States illuminated by a single star representing a centralized government; on the left are symbols taken from the various stages of Hamilton’s life.
Category: Statesman
Year Elected: 1915
Medal Issued: 1971
Sculptor: Margaret C. Grigor
Mint: Medallic Art Company
Details: Bronze, 44 mm, 0°
Matt Inglima
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Alexander III (The Great) (356-323 BCE)Metal/Size: AE16; Weight: 4.4 grams; Denomination: One Half Unit; Mint: Unknown; Date: 334-310 BCE; Obverse: Macedonian shield, boss decorated with thunderbolt with 5 pellets between each of 5 double half moon symbols. Reverse: Crested Macedonian helmet with pellet and earflaps below; monogram (possible A) lower right - B and A to either side of helmet. References: Price #104; Liampi Chronologie, series II, group l, 8-22;SNG München #892; SNG Alpha Bank #829.museumguy
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Alexander III - TarsosObv: Head of Herakles right wearing lionskin headdress
Rev: ALEXANDROU between club above, quiver and bow below. No symbols
Size: 17 mm, 5,47 g
Mint: Tarsos, 323-317 BC
Ref: Likely Price 3056
Notes: Discussion on this coin at http://www.forumancientcoins.com/board/index.php?topic=91693.msg569052#newickster
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Alexander III The Great, Macedonian Kingdom, 336 - 323 B.C., Lifetime Issue, Silver tetradrachm, Price 3599 (same dies) Silver tetradrachm
Obv:- Head of (Alexander the Great as) Herakles right, wearing lion skin headdress knotted at base of neck
Rev:- ALEXANDROU, Zeus seated left, holding eagle in right hand and scepter in left, monogram and M below throne;
Price 3599 (same dies), Müller 67, 17.206g, 25.9mm, 255o, Babylon mint, lifetime issue, c. 325 - 323 B.C.;
EF, obverse off-center;
Dies by 'The Alexander Dekadrachm Master'. From the same highly-skilled hand as the famous dekadrachms, including Price 3598, with which this shares all symbols and their arrangement. A massive issue of coinage was struck for the mass-weddings of the soldiers of Alexander the Great to Persian women, and their subsequent return to Macedonia. The best style of the lengthy issue of Alexander coinage maridvnvm
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Alexander III The Great, Macedonian Kingdom, 336 - 323 B.C., Lifetime Issue, Silver tetradrachm, Price 3599 (same dies)Silver tetradrachm
Obv:- Head of (Alexander the Great as) Herakles right, wearing lion skin headdress knotted at base of neck
Rev:- ALEXANDROU, Zeus seated left, holding eagle in right hand and scepter in left, monogram and M below throne;
Price 3599 (same dies), Müller 67, 17.206g, 25.9mm, 255o, Babylon mint, lifetime issue, c. 325 - 323 B.C.;
EF, obverse off-center;
Dies by 'The Alexander Dekadrachm Master'. From the same highly-skilled hand as the famous dekadrachms, including Price 3598, with which this shares all symbols and their arrangement. A massive issue of coinage was struck for the mass-weddings of the soldiers of Alexander the Great to Persian women, and their subsequent return to Macedonia. The best style of the lengthy issue of Alexander coinage
Ex-Forum
Old coin - new photo.
Click to zoom.maridvnvm
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Alexander III The Great, Macedonian Kingdom, 336 - 323 B.C., Lifetime Issue, Silver tetradrachm, Price 3599 (same dies)Silver tetradrachm
Obv:- Head of (Alexander the Great as) Herakles right, wearing lion skin headdress knotted at base of neck
Rev:- ALEXANDROU, Zeus seated left, holding eagle in right hand and scepter in left, monogram and M below throne;
Price 3599 (same dies), Müller 67, 17.206g, 25.9mm, 255o, Babylon mint, lifetime issue, c. 325 - 323 B.C.;
EF, obverse off-center;
Dies by 'The Alexander Dekadrachm Master'. From the same highly-skilled hand as the famous dekadrachms, including Price 3598, with which this shares all symbols and their arrangement. A massive issue of coinage was struck for the mass-weddings of the soldiers of Alexander the Great to Persian women, and their subsequent return to Macedonia. The best style of the lengthy issue of Alexander coinage
Ex-Forum
Updated image using new photography setup.maridvnvm
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Altar of LugdunumCAESAR PONT MAX
Laureate head of Augustus, right.
ROM ET AVG
Altar flanked by two columns each surmounted by Victory.
Various sacred items on top; mystic symbols to front.
Copper As 22.5 mm 9.5 gm
Augustus took a risky break with tradition by allowing
himself to be the object of cult adoration. To minimize
the affront to his fellow Romans, he permitted the
practice only in the West. Interestingly, the year of
dedication in 10 BC saw the birth of Claudius in the same
place.
Massanutten
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ANCIENT - Panchala Dynasty - DHRUVAMITRA - 4.66gm - 65-50 BCE - HALF KARSHAPANAObverse Lord Indra standing on a pedestal
Reverse Three Panchala symbols in a row, with name below in Brahmi script: Indramitrasa
Date c. 1st century BCE - 1st century CE (highly uncertain)
Weight 4.78 gm.
Diameter 16 mm.
Die axis 5 o'clock
Reference MAC 4539, Shrimali Type A
Comments The Panchala series is one of the most interesting of the ancient India coin series, because it is quite long and the kings are named on them. Unfortunately, we know very little about the chronology. The order of kings is not known and even the dates of the series are still debated. It appears the series belongs in the post-Mauryan period, but further details are still unavailable.
You can see a catalog of Panchala coins on the CoinIndia website.Antonivs Protti
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Andrew Jackson, 1971 NYU Hall of Fame MedalObv: ANDREW JACKSON (in script) 1767 - 1845, bust of Andrew Jackson in military uniform facing right, a sabre, powder horn and pistol, and olive branch behind.
Rev: An eagle gripping an olive branch, representing Jackson's service to his country, standing within a circle depicting the earth and sky, bearing inscription: THE HALL OF FAME FOR GREAT AMERICANS AT NEW YORK UNIVERSITY. At the top is a map of the frontier during Jackson's lifetime. Militiamen of the War of 1812 time period appear standing at the right. A pioneer woman and Scout are featured at the left. Below the eagle are map symbols.
Category: Military and Statesman
Year Elected: 1910
Medal Issued: 1971
Sculptor: Michael Lantz
Mint: Medallic Art Company
Details: Bronze, 44 mm, 0°
Matt Inglima
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ANTIOCH ON THE ORONTES ANTIOCH ON THE ORONTES - AE-22. 11.98 g. Denomination A. Year 9 (41-40 B.C.) Obv.: Laureate head of Zeus right. Rev.: ΑΝΤΙΟΧΕΩΝ / ΤΗΣ / ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛΕΩΣ / ΚΑΙΑΥΤΟΝΟΜΟΥ Zeus seated left, holding Nike and scepter. Thunderbolt above. Symbols to left: Star over cap. Caesarean era date in exergue: Θ. Reference: Butcher: CRS 20; SNG COP 80.dpaul7
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Antiochos VII (in the name of) tetradrachm, c. 130 - 80 BC29-32mm, 16.29g
obv: diademed head right
rev: Athena standing left, Nike in right, spear and shield in left, ligate ∆Ι / A left, Nike extends wreath into laurel wreath border
From FORVM Ancient coins: Oliver Hoover, in Coins of the Seleucid Empire from the Collection of Arthur Houghton, attributes this type to the Cappadocian Kingdom, c. 130 - 80 B.C. The symbols were used on Cappadocian royal coinage, the coins are found in Cappadocian hoards and a tetradrachm naming the Cappadocian King Ariarathes VII Philometor (116 - 99 B.C.) bears the obverse portrait of Antiochus VII. He notes they may have been struck to pay foreign (Syrian?) mercenaries who preferred the types of Antiochus VII.
CLICK PICTURE FOR A HIGHER-QUALITY VERSIONareich
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Antiochos VII Euergetes (Sidetes) 138-129 B.C.Antiochos VII Euergetes (Sidetes). 138-129 BC. Æ 22.0~23.0mm. (11.94 g.). Antioch mint. Dated S.E. 174 (139/8 BC). Obv: Prow of galley right; caps of the Dioskouroi above, dotted border. Rev: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΝΤΙΟΧΟΥ / ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΟΥ Vertical trident ornamented with dolphins facing downward on each side; Control: monogram (ΔI) in outer left field, Symbols: Caps of Dioskouri (flanking trident); ΔO-P (date) below. SC 2064.5 var.ddwau
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Antiochos VII, Euergetes; Lion/ clubSeleukid Kingdom, Antiochos VII, Euergetes (Sidetes), 138 - 129 B.C. Bronze AE 15, SNG Spaer 1906 ff. (various dates and symbols), F, 3.171g, 13.6mm, obverse lion head right; reverse “BASILEWS ANTIOCOU EUERGETOU”, club. Ex FORVMPodiceps
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Antiochos VIII Epiphanes (Grypos)121/0-97/6 BC. AR Tetradrachm (30mm, 16.72 g, 11h). Sidon mint. Dated SE 196 (117/6 BC). Diademed head right / BAΣIΛEΩΣ ANTIOXOY EΠI-ΦANOYΣ, Zeus Ouranios standing left, holding star in extended right hand and scepter in left; to outer left; ΣIΔΩ/IEP/AΣ in three lines above monogram; C9P (date) in exergue. SC 2330.1; CSE 723; HGC 9, 1197g; DCA 268. Near EF, lightly toned. In 121 BCE, a very rare astronomical event occurred in the sky. The moon had eclipsed Jupiter, a significant celestial body of the ancient world. This phenomenon was visible from Antioch, the capital of the then-collapsing Seleucid Empire. Antiochos VIII saw this as a good omen, a harbinger that a great leader would come to Syria, so he struck symbols of the eclipse on the reverse side of Tetradrachms. The crescent above Zeus' head is the moon, and the star hovering above his hand is Jupiter.
ThatParthianGuy
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Antiochos VIII Grypos121/0-97/6 BC. AR Tetradrachm (30mm, 16.72 g, 11h). Sidon mint. Dated SE 196 (117/6 BC). Diademed head right / BAΣIΛEΩΣ ANTIOXOY EΠI-ΦANOYΣ, Zeus Ouranios standing left, holding star in extended right hand and scepter in left; to outer left; ΣIΔΩ/IEP/AΣ in three lines above monogram; C9P (date) in exergue. SC 2330.1; CSE 723; HGC 9, 1197g; DCA 268.
In 121 BCE, a very rare astronomical event occurred in the sky. The moon had eclipsed Jupiter, a significant celestial body of the ancient world. This phenomenon was visible from Antioch, the capital of the then-collapsing Seleucid Empire. Antiochos VIII saw this as a good omen, a harbinger that a great leader would come to Syria, so he struck symbols of the eclipse on the reverse side of Tetradrachms. The crescent above Zeus' head is the moon, and the star hovering above his hand is Jupiter.ThatParthianGuy
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Antiochus III, 223 - 187 B.C.Seleucid Kingdom, Antiochus III, 223 - 187 B.C. Bronze AE 23.4~26mm., 11.66g, 0°, Antioch on the Orontes mint, c. 204 - 197 B.C. Obv: Laureate head of Apollo, with features of Antiochus III, right. Rev: BAΣIΛEΩΣ ANTIOXOÎ¥, Apollo seated left on omphalos, examining arrow in right, resting left on grounded bow, symbols left. Houghton 1048(1), SNG Spaer 561
Ref : http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=231908, http://www.acsearch.info/record.html?id=225801
ddwau
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Antiochus IV Epiphanes 175 - 164 BCAntiochus IV Epiphanes "God Manifest" c. 215 BC – 164 BC) ruled the Seleucid Empire from 175 BC until his death in 164 BC. He was a son of King Antiochus III the Great. His original name was Mithradates (alternative form Mithridates); he assumed the name Antiochus after he ascended the throne.
Antiochos IV Epiphanes. Seleukid Kingdom AE 12mm, 2,88gr. Veiled bust of Laodike IV right / ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ANTIOXOY, elephant's head left. No symbols in fields. Hoover 685; SC 1421-1422.ddwau
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Antiochus VII, Lion/ Club, AE15Seleukid Kingdom, Antiochos VII, Euergetes (Sidetes), 138 - 129 B.C. Bronze AE 15, SNG Spaer 1906 ff. (various dates and symbols), 3.2g, 15mm, obverse lion head right; reverse “BASILEWS ANTIOCOU EUERGETOU”, club. Podiceps
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Apollonia Pontica Topalov 38 - Silver Drachm480/478 – 470 B.C.
Silver Drachm
3.36 gm., 15 mm.
Obv: Anchor; blank to left, crayfish to right
Rev.: Gorgon head facing in archaic Ionian style with hair in pellets
Topalov Apollonia p.584, 38 struck over Topalov Apollonia p. 566, 10
BMC Mysia p.8, 3, Pl.II, 2
Topalov Type 38: “Upright anchor, crab right - full-face Gorgon's head" first early issues” (480/478-470 B.C)
Obv.: Upright anchor with large flukes on a curved stock. Image of a crab viewed from above on the right between the fluke and the stock. Letter “A” missing.
Rev.: Full-face Gorgon's head in the archaic Ionian style with a low narrow forehead, projecting eyebrows and eyes, a short flat nose, abnormally open mouth, long teeth and tongue. Instead of hair there are snakes with thin bodies. The image in a concave circle.
-struck over-
Topalov Type 10: “Upright anchor with thin flukes and thin shaft – Swastika ia a concave square with four dolphins as additional symbols" (540-535/525 B.C.)
Obv.: Upright anchor with thin flukes and a thin stock. Side view of the additional symbol of a crab (or view from above) right, between the fluke and the stock.
Rev.: Schematic view of a swastika in sectors concave with arms bent to the left. A dolphin as an additional symbol in every one of the sectors. Dolphins’ heads point from the center of the swastika outwards.
Jaimelai
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AR Drachm of Khusro II, 618 ADOBVERSE: Right facing crowned bust of Khusro II whose name appears in Pahlavi script to his right and honorifics to the left. Astral symbols (star and crescent at 3,6 and 9 o'clock. Two rings surrounding.
REVERSE: Fire Altar with two attendants with hands resting on swords. To the right is mintmark SW (Khuzistan) and to the left is the regnal year 28 which dates the coin to 618 AD. Three rings surrounding
Weight 3.0 grams. The coin has been severely clipped since these usually weigh about 4 grams.
The Sassanid were succesors to the Parthian (Arsacid) dynasty which they conquered in the third century AD. The Sassanids were Zoroastrians who followed the teachings of their prophet Zoroaster (Zarathustra) and their God was Ahura-Mazda - the God of light (or fire) and hence the reverse theme on Sassanid coins. Their rule was centered in what is Iraq and Iran and extended eastward. It lasted until the coming of Islam in the later 7th century. The ancient cultural heritage of Persia is quite distinct from that of their Semitic neighbors to the west and has repercussions in the religous and political conflicts of today.
daverino
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Arab Pseudo-Byzantine (imitating Constans II, SBCV 1000 and similar)Arab Pseudo-Byzantine, Bilad al-Sham (Greater Syria), c. 658 - 680 A.D. Bronze follis, Goodwin type E (imitating Constans II, SBCV 1000 and similar), VF, 2.934g, 26.9mm, 315o, obverse emperor standing facing, wearing crown and chlamys, long cross in r., globus cruciger in l.; reverse, large cursive m, blundered letters and symbols around. Ex FORVM, photo credit FORVMPodiceps
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Asia Minor, Lykia, Masikytes, Artemis, Quiver Masikytes
Asia Minor, Lykian League
AR Hemidrachm
Obv.: Draped bust of Artemis left, bow and quiver over shoulder
Rev.: Λ - Y / M - A, Quiver within incuse square.
Ag, 0.92g, 12mm
Ref.: Troxell Period IV 135, RPC 3311 var. (symbols on reverse).
Ex Pecunem Gitbud&Naumann auction 26, Lot 292
shanxi
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Athens New Style Tetradrachm 163/2 BCObs : Athena Parthenos right in tri-form helmet
35.5mm 16.29g Thompson issue 2
Thompson catalogue : Obs 7 : Rev NEW
Rev : ΑΘΕ ethnic
Owl standing on overturned panathenaic amphora
2 magistrates
1 monogram in LF & in RF
2 Symbols Kernos in RF: Bakhos below amphora
All within a surrounding olive wreathcicerokid
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Augustus and Livia , Colonial Romula (Seville), Minted by TiberusAugustus and Livia, minted by Tiberius, 14 Aug 19 - 16 Mar 37 A.D.
This coin associates Livia with globe and crescent symbols and refers to her as Augusta Genetrix Orbis, Sacred Mother of the World. This extraordinary title was never official and is not used on any other coin type for any empress.
5474. Orichalcum dupondius, RPC I 73, Alverez Burgos 1587, aF, Colonia Romula mint, 25.1g, 33.4mm, 180°, obverse PERM DIVI AVG COL ROM, Augustus radiate head right, star above, thunderbolt right; reverse IVLIA AVGVSTA GENETRIX ORBIS, Livia head left on globe, crescent above;
sold 4-2018NORMAN K
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Baal or Zeus (Interpretatio Graecia) on Cilician Stater of Satrap MazaiosCirca 361-334 B.C. AR Stater (10.88g, 24mm, 5h). cf. SNG Levant-106; SNG Paris-. Obverse Baal of Tarsos enthroned left, head facing, holding club, bunch of grapes, wheat ear, and eagle in right hand, lotus-headed scepter in left hand, B’LTRZ (Baaltarz) in Aramaic behind, M below throne, all within a circle of dots. Reverse lion bringing down bull, attacking with teeth and claws, MZDI (Mazdai) in Aramaic above, unlisted ankh symbol, wheat ear below, all within a circle of dots. Sharply struck on an excellent metal with areas of flat strikes on high points. Choice superb EF/EF. Toned, lustrous.
Ex Ponterio and Associates Sale No. 84, November 1996, lot 141. Ex Stacks Bowers and Ponterio Sale No. 172, November 2012, lot 11680. Ex Pars Coins.
The depiction of Phoenician-Canaanite god Baal on Cilician coinage suggests the preeminence of his cult in Tarsos. He is shown enthroned, most probably on Mount Zaphon. The symbols corn-ear/barley and grapes suggest Baal’s capacity as a god involved in the seasonal cycles of life and death, or a more specific reference to Cilicia’s fertile plains. The iconography of this late coinage is also a syncretic mixture of other cultures, including Greek. The treatment of the god’s body gives us a hint of the extent of influence of Hellenic culture exerted in Eastern Asia Minor long before Alexander’s conquest, and it is said that Baal could be equated with Zeus in the Greek context. After the conquest of Alexander III of the East, Mazaios was appointed governor of Babylon. The new coinage of Alexander was strongly influenced by Mazaios’ pre-Alexandrine coinage (the Zeus Aetophoros commonly found on the reverses of his tetradrachmai is a direct descendant of this). The reverse depicts the City’s Emblem and clearly has an underlying meaning now lost to us. Some say it symbolizes the victory of Day over Night, while others suggest military conquest and subjugation of the enemies by the Persian Empire. Marvin Tameanko has persuasively argued (see Celator, Jan. 1995, pp. 6-11) that the kneeling bull (without the lion) is symbolic of Zeus, as attested on scores of later Greek and Roman coins; and the lion is symbolic of the supreme god Baal of the Cilicians. This concludes the lion-over-bull motif on this coin delivers a message that is blatantly direct and simple, if the argument put forward is to be believed.
Jason T
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Balakros StaterCILICIA, Tarsos. Balakros. Satrap of Cilicia, 333-323 BC. AR Stater. (22mm., 10,26g.)
O: Baaltars seated left, his torso facing, holding lotus-tipped scepter in extended right hand, left hand holding chlamys at his waist; grain ear to left, B’LTRZ (in Aramaic) to right, Σ (retrograde). There is the possibility that instead of this being a retrograde Σ below the throne it is a sideways M, making the mint Mallos for this issue.
R: Lion left, attacking bull right above two lines of turreted wall (Tarsos); club above.
- Casabonne series 1; cf. SNG France 363
Tarsus, the principal city of Cilicia, was used as a mint by a succession of Persian satraps during the fourth century BC. When Alexander the Great took the city in 333, he appointed a satrap of his own. The new satrap, Balacrus, continued to strike coinage at Tarsus very much in the manner of earlier satraps. The obverse of this stater depicts the local god of Tarsus, who is usually associated with symbols of fertility (in this case, the grain ear). The reverse type is a borrowing from the coinage the previous satrap, Mazaeus (361-334 BC). It shows a lion-bull combat—a typical theme of both Persian and Greek art—above the city walls of Tarsus. Author David Hendin has suggested that the impressive circuit of walls shown on the reverse may be those of Jerusalem, which fell within the jurisdiction of the Satrap of Cilicia.Nemonater
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BCC LS14Lead Seal
6th Century CE
Obv: Facing portrait, nimbate,
Mother and Child. Possible symbols
to left and right (cross?)
Rev: Cruciform monogram with Greek letters:
θ, E, Λ, Ρ, I, O, Υ,
Eleutheriou
20.5 x 19mm. 7.85gm. Axis:0
J. Berlin Caesarea Collectionv-drome
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BCC Lt41Lead Tessera
Roman, uncertain date
Obv: Crossed cornucopiae,
uncertain symbols to lt. and rt.
Incuse circular punch.
Rev: Blank
Pb 11 x 10 x 1mm.
Wt: 1.16gm. v-drome
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Brutus - denarius - Sear 1431Marcus Junius Brutus. Lentulus Spinther, moneyer.
Denarius, struck 42 BC. Military mint traveling with Brutus and Cassius, perhaps in Smyrna. 18 mm, 3,46 gr
Simpulum between sacrificial axe and knife, Jug and lituus, BRVTVS below /
Jug and lituus, LENTVLVS SPINT below
Sear 1431, Sear Imperators 198, Crawford 500/7.
This type shows BRTVTS, his cognomen. Sear concludes that perhaps this type is the earliest type struck in honour of the tyrannicide. Obverse and reverse show the symbols of the respective priestly colleges Brutus and Cornelius Lentulus Spinther belonged to respectively.
Limes
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Bulgaria, Ivan Shishman, (1371-1395 A.D.), AR-Half-Grosh, Tarnovo, Dochev-4440, Bulgaria, Ivan Shishman, (1371-1395 A.D.), AR-Half-Grosh, Tarnovo, Dochev-4440,
avers:- Half bust of the Virgin orans, with figure of nimbate infant Christ to her breast.
revers:- Half figure of emperor, holding cross-tipped sceptre; symbols around.
exe:-/-//--, diameter: 13,5-14mm, weight: 0,43g, axis: 6h,
mint: Tarnovo, date: 1371-1395 A.D., ref: Dochev-4440, Radushev-Zhekov-1.15.9 - 1.15.12, page 202 (as grosso), Moushmov-
Q-001quadrans
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BYZANTINE, Justinan 1This emperor recovered most of Roman lands lost by predecesors but this was last gasp of Roman glory. Lands were lost after his death. Obverse shows Justinan facing. Reverse shows angel holding rod with chi and rho, symbols of Christ.
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C. Cassius - AR denariusRome
²130 BC / ¹126 BC
head of Roma right wearing winged helmet, urn behind
(XVI)
Libertas in quadriga right, holding pileus and scepter
C·CASSI
ROMA
¹Crawford 266/1, Sydenham 502, BMCRR Rome 1032, RSC I Cassia 1, SRCV I 142
²Mark Passehl - Roman moneyer & coin type chronology, 150 – 50 BC
3,85g 18mm
ex Künker
Depiction of Libertas, as well as voting urn, refer to the lex Cassia tabellaria from 137 BC. This law legalized secret ballot for court decisionmaking. Vindicta and pileus held by Libertas are symbols of liberty.J. B.
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Cappadocian Kingdom, c. 130 - 80 B.C.; In the Name of the Seleukid King, Antiochos VIISilver tetradrachm, Houghton II 655 (same dies), SNG Spaer -, Newell SMA -, gVF, weight 16.157g, maximum diameter 28.8mm, die axis 0o, posthumous, c. 130 - 80 B.C.; obverse diademed head of the Seleukid King Antiochos VII right, fillet border; reverse BASILEWS ANTIOCOU EUERGETOU, Athena standing left, Nike in right, spear and shield in left, ligate DI / A left, A inner left, G inner right, Nike crowns epithet, laurel wreath border; scarce;
Oliver Hoover, in Coins of the Seleucid Empire from the Collection of Arthur Houghton, attributes this type to the Cappadocian Kingdom, c. 130 - 80 B.C. The symbols were used on Cappadocian royal coinage, the coins are found in Cappadocian hoards and a tetradrachm naming the Cappadocian King Ariarathes VII Philometor (116 - 99 B.C.) bears the obverse portrait of Antiochus VII. He notes they may have been struck to pay foreign (Syrian?) mercenaries who preferred the types of Antiochus VII.
Ex Houghton collection
Ex ForumPhiloromaos
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Cappadocian Kingdom, c. 130 - 80 B.C.; In the Name of the Seleukid King, Antiochus VIISilver tetradrachm, (Houghton II 642 ff., SNG Spaer 1855, Newell SMA 282), Weight 16.560g, Max. diameter 27.9mm, Obv. diademed head of the Seleukid King Antiochos VII right, fillet border; Rev. BAΣIΛEΩΣ ANTIOXDOY EYEPΠETOY, Athena standing left, Nike in right, spear and shield in left, ligate ΔI / A left, Nike extends wreath into laurel wreath border. Toned, some light scratches.
EX. Forvm Ancient Coins
Background info, courtesy Forvm Ancient Coins;
Oliver Hoover, in Coins of the Seleucid Empire from the Collection of Arthur Houghton, attributes this type to the Cappadocian Kingdom, c. 130 - 80 B.C. The symbols were used on Cappadocian royal coinage, the coins are found in Cappadocian hoards and a tetradrachm naming the Cappadocian King Ariarathes VII Philometor (116 - 99 B.C.) bears the obverse portrait of Antiochus VII. He notes they may have been struck to pay foreign (Syrian?) mercenaries who preferred the types of Antiochus VII.
Steve E
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Cappadocian Kingdom, Tetradrachm, In the Name of the Seleukid King, Antiochos VIISilver tetradrachm
Obv:– Diademed head of the Seleukid King Antiochos VII right, fillet border.
Rev:– BASILEWS ANTIOCOU EUERGETOU, Athena standing left, Nike in right, spear and shield in left, ligate DI / A left, Nike extends wreath into laurel wreath border
c. 130 - 80 B.C.; In the Name of the Seleukid King, Antiochos VII, 138 - 129 B.C.
Ref:– Houghton II 642 (same dies), SNG Spaer 1855, Newell SMA 282
Oliver Hoover, in Coins of the Seleucid Empire from the Collection of Arthur Houghton, attributes this type to the Cappadocian Kingdom, c. 130 - 80 B.C. The symbols were used on Cappadocian royal coinage, the coins are found in Cappadocian hoards and a tetradrachm naming the Cappadocian king Ariarathes VII Philometor (116 - 99 B.C.) bears the obverse portrait of Antiochus VII. He notes they may have been struck to pay foreign (Syrian?) mercenaries who preferred the types of Antiochus VII.
Grey tone.
Ex-Forvmmaridvnvm
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Cappadocian Kingdom, Tetradrachm, In the Name of the Seleukid King, Antiochos VIISilver tetradrachm
Obv:– Diademed head of the Seleukid King Antiochos VII right, fillet border.
Rev:– BASILEWS ANTIOCOU EUERGETOU, Athena standing left, Nike in right, spear and shield in left, ligate DI / A left, Nike extends wreath into laurel wreath border
c. 130 - 80 B.C.; In the Name of the Seleukid King, Antiochos VII, 138 - 129 B.C.
Ref:– Houghton II 642 (same dies), SNG Spaer 1855, Newell SMA 282
Oliver Hoover, in Coins of the Seleucid Empire from the Collection of Arthur Houghton, attributes this type to the Cappadocian Kingdom, c. 130 - 80 B.C. The symbols were used on Cappadocian royal coinage, the coins are found in Cappadocian hoards and a tetradrachm naming the Cappadocian king Ariarathes VII Philometor (116 - 99 B.C.) bears the obverse portrait of Antiochus VII. He notes they may have been struck to pay foreign (Syrian?) mercenaries who preferred the types of Antiochus VII.
Grey tone.
Ex-Forvm
Updated image using new photography setup.maridvnvm
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Cappadocian Kingdom/ In the name of Antiochos VII; tetradrachm; NikeCappadocian Kingdom, c. 130 - 80 B.C.; In the Name of the Seleukid King, Antiochos VII, 138 - 129 B.C. Silver tetradrachm, Houghton II 651 ff. (different dies), SNG Spaer -, Newell SMA -, VF, grainy, 15.919g, 29.4mm, 0o, posthumous, c. 130 - 80 B.C.; obverse diademed head of the Seleukid King Antiochos VII right, fillet border; reverse “BASILEWS ANTIOCOU EUERGETOU”, Athena standing left, Nike in right, spear and shield in left, ligate “DI” / A left, ligate “OD” inner left, K inner right, Nike crowns epithet, laurel wreath border. Oliver Hoover, in Coins of the Seleucid Empire from the Collection of Arthur Houghton, attributes this type to the Cappadocian Kingdom, c. 130 - 80 B.C. The symbols were used on Cappadocian royal coinage, the coins are found in Cappadocian hoards and a tetradrachm naming the Cappadocian King Ariarathes VII Philometor (116 - 99 B.C.) bears the obverse portrait of Antiochus VII. He notes they may have been struck to pay foreign (Syrian?) mercenaries who preferred the types of Antiochus VII. Ex FORVMPodiceps
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Cappadocian Kingdom/ In the name of Antiochos VII; tetradrachm; NikeCappadocian Kingdom, c. 130 - 80 B.C.; In the Name of the Seleukid King, Antiochos VII, 138 - 129 B.C. Silver tetradrachm, Houghton II 644 (same dies), SNG Spaer 1855, Newell SMA 282, VF, toned, 16.302g, 29.6mm, 0o, obverse diademed head of the Seleukid King Antiochos VII right, fillet border; reverse “BASILEWS ANTIOCOU EUERGETOU”, Athena standing left holding Nike, spear and shield, “DI” monogram above A left, Nike extends wreath into laurel wreath border. Oliver Hoover, in Coins of the Seleucid Empire from the Collection of Arthur Houghton, attributes this type to the Cappadocian Kingdom, c. 130 - 80 B.C. The symbols were used on Cappadocian royal coinage, the coins are found in Cappadocian hoards and a tetradrachm naming the Cappadocian King Ariarathes VII Philometor (116 - 99 B.C.) bears the obverse portrait of Antiochus VII. He notes they may have been struck to pay foreign (Syrian?) mercenaries who preferred the types of Antiochus VII. Ex FORVM, photo credit FORVMPodiceps
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Caracalla Tetradrachmai - 4x - with US Quarter - obverse4 x Tetradrachmai of the Emperor Caracalla (212 - 217 AD)
The three (3) on the top, the ones at 12 o'clock, 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock around the US Quarter Dollar were struck at the Mint at Antioch, Syria.
The one on the bottom, at 6 o'clock directly below the US Quarter Dollar is from Tyre, Phoenicia. - note the murex shell between the legs of the eagle on this coin, also the eagle is standing on a club rather than on the thigh and leg of a sacrificial animal like it is on the other three from Antioch. The Murex shell and the club were used as symbols of Tyre.rexesq
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Caracalla Tetradrachmai - 4x - with US Quarter - reverse4 x Tetradrachmai of the Emperor Caracalla (212 - 217 AD)
The three (3) on the top row are from the Mint at Antioch, Syria.
The one on the bottom row to the left of the US Quarter Dollar is from Tyre, Phoenicia. - note the murex shell between the legs of the eagle on this coin, also the eagle is standing on a club rather than on the thigh and leg of a sacrificial animal like it is on the other three from Antioch. The Murex shell and the club were used as symbols of Tyre.rexesq
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Caracalla Tetradrachmai - 4x - with US Quarter - reverse4 x Tetradrachmai of the Emperor Caracalla (212 - 217 AD)
The three (3) on the top row are from the Mint at Antioch, Syria.
The one on the bottom row to the left of the US Quarter Dollar is from Tyre, Phoenicia. - note the murex shell between the legs of the eagle on this coin, also the eagle is standing on a club rather than on the thigh and leg of a sacrificial animal like it is on the other three from Antioch. The Murex shell and the club were used as symbols of Tyre.rexesq
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Caracalla Tetradrachmai - 4x - with US Quarter - reverse4 x Tetradrachmai of the Emperor Caracalla (212 - 217 AD)
The three (3) on the top, the ones at 12 o'clock, 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock around the US Quarter Dollar were struck at the Mint at Antioch, Syria.
The one on the bottom, at 6 o'clock directly below the US Quarter Dollar is from Tyre, Phoenicia. - note the murex shell between the legs of the eagle on this coin, also the eagle is standing on a club rather than on the thigh and leg of a sacrificial animal like it is on the other three from Antioch. The Murex shell and the club were used as symbols of Tyre.rexesq
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Caria, Halikarnassos(?) mint, SNG Keckman 869 ffCaria, Halikarnassos(?) mint, 5th Century B.C. AR hemiobol, 8.4mm 0.30g, SNG Keckman 869 ff. (various symbols on reverse)
O: rams head right
R: male head right within incuse square
*extremely successful cleaning project...was 0.036g before cleaningcasata137ec
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Carian tetradrachm - Royal issue ?CARIA, Achaemenid Period. Circa 350-334 BC. AR Tetradrachm (23mm, 14.83 g).
Struck circa 350-341 BC. Persian king or hero in kneeling-running stance right, drawing bow / Persian satrap on horseback right, thrusting spear held in his right hand, left hand on rein.
Konuk, Influences, Group 2; SNG Copenhagen (Persian Empire) 290-291 var. (symbol on rev.); Traité II 128; Babelon, Perses 623 var. (symbols on obv.); Pixodarus 1-11.
The archer-horseman tetradrachms are one of the most enigmatic Persian coinages struck in Asia Minor prior to the invasion of Alexander the Great. Though various symbols and letters occur in the fields, no inscription exists to help us identify the issuer, mint, or purpose of issue. Konuk, however, identified two series, with and without subsidiary symbols on the reverse. Also, analysis of the Pixodarus Hoard has allowed the coinage to be dated from the decade beginning circa 350 BC. Additionally, as only the earlier, non-symbol, type is represented, Meadows concluded that the date of deposit of the Pixodarus hoard, 341 BC, served as a tentative divider between the two series. Caffaro
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Carthage, Zeugitania, North Africa, 201 - 175 B.C.Bronze trishekel, SNG Cop 409 ff. (various symbols), Fair, 11.078g, 26.8mm, 0o, Carthage mint, 201 - 175 B.C.; obverse head of Tanit left, wreathed in grain; reverse horse striding right, Punic letter below; scarceMagisterRiggs
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castelin04_var2Elagabalus or Caracalla
Rhesaena, Mesopotamia
Obv: … ANTWN..., laureate draped and cuirassed bust right, seen from rear.
Rev: Vexillum with unclear symbols in fields.
15 mm, 4.62 gms
Castelin 8 variant (bust type)Charles M
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castelin04_var3Elagabalus or Caracalla
Rhesaena, Mesopotamia
Obv: Laureate draped and cuirassed bust right..
Rev: Vexillum with unclear symbols in fields.
14 mm, 2.80 gms
Castelin 8 variant (bust type)Charles M
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Celtic Tribes in Gallia, Volce Tectosages, De La Tour 31322nd-1st century BC
AR - drachm, 3.33g, 12.57mm
obv. Head in cubistic style
rev. Cross with elliptical symbols in 3 corners, axe in 4th
ref. Monnaies XV 24; De La Tour 3132
About VF
Pedigree:
ex coll. Andrew M. Huntington, HSA 1001 57.5303
Jochen
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Ceylon: Raja Raja Chola (ca. 985-1014) AV Kahavanu (MNI-825)Obv: King seated right, with arm on right raised and holding sankh shell; Devanagari legend on right, below raised arm - श्री रज रज (Sri Raja Raja)
Rev: Standing king with ancillary symbols, to left and rightQuant.Geek
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Cherronesos, Thrace, c. 400 - 350 B.C.Silver hemidrachm, SNG Berry 502; BMC Thrace p. 183, 8 ff. var (reverse symbols), aVF, toned, etched surfaces, obverse strike uneven, Cherronesos mint, 2.294 grams, 12.8 mm, c. 400 - 350 B.C.; obverse lion forepart right, head turned back left; reverse quadripartite incuse square, helmet and pellet in the sunk quadrants.
Cherronesos is Greek for `peninsula` and several cities used the name. The city in Thracian Chersonesos (the Gallipoli peninsula) that struck these coins is uncertain. The coins may have been struck at Cardia by the peninsula as a league, or perhaps they were struck by lost city on the peninsula named Cherronesos.
From The Sam Mansourati Collection.
New Owner : Miss. Arianna Parrillo.
*With my sincere thank and appreciation , Photo and Description courtesy of FORVM Ancient Coins Staff.Sam
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Christian lead amulet First Bulgarian Empire (681 - 1018).worn on neck
Date: end of 9th through tenth century
Knjaz St. Boris I obliges all the Bulgarians to bring Christian symbols after the conversion to Christianity (865 AD).
25mm by 15mm, 5.78g
thanks to Val/Orthodox coins for this informationwileyc
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Christian lead amulet First Bulgarian Empire (681 - 1018).worn on neck
Date: end of 9th through tenth century
Knjaz St. Boris I obliges all the Bulgarians to bring Christian symbols after the conversion to Christianity (865 AD).
20mm by 15mm, 7.58g
thanks to Val/Orthodox coins for this informationwileyc
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Christian lead amulet First Bulgarian Empire (681 - 1018).worn on neck
simple cross on one side
cross with two concentric circles on other side
Date: end of 9th through tenth century
Knjaz St. Boris I obliges all the Bulgarians to bring Christian symbols after the conversion to Christianity (865 AD).
3mm/16mm 5.16g
20mm by 15mm, 7.58gwileyc
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Christian lead amulet First Bulgarian Empire (681 - 1018).worn on neck
cross with two concentric circles on ends
half circle with concentric circles on end, and in arch
Date: end of 9th through tenth century
Knjaz St. Boris I obliges all the Bulgarians to bring Christian symbols after the conversion to Christianity (865 AD).
3mm/16mm 5.16g
21mm 3.09gwileyc
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Chutas of Banavasi. Rajno Mulanandasa AD 125-345Chutas of Banavasi ..
Rajno Mulanandasa....Lead double Karshapana 27mm and 15.03gr...AD 125-345
Obverse..2 tiered hill of small arches surmounted by a large arch (8 arched
Chaitya,stupa)?, river flowing below. Brahmi legend around..'Rano
Mulanandas'.
Reverse..Railed tree with 2 symbols either side..Srivatsa, Indra-dhvaja,
Swastika, Triratana.
Mitchiner ACW 4971 - 4972Paul R3
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Cilicia, Tarsos. Satrap Mazaios. AR Stater.Circa 361-334 B.C. AR Stater (10.88gm, 24mm, 5h). cf. SNG Levant-106; SNG Paris-. Obverse Baal of Tarsos enthroned left, head facing, holding club, bunch of grapes, wheat ear, and eagle in right hand, lotus-headed scepter in left hand, B’LTRZ (Baaltarz) in Aramaic behind, M below throne, all within a circle of dots. Reverse lion bringing down bull, attacking with teeth and claws, MZDI (Mazdai) in Aramaic above, unlisted ankh symbol, wheat ear below, all within a circle of dots. Sharply struck on an excellent metal with areas of flat strike. Choice superb EF/EF. Toned, lustrous.
Ex Ponterio and Associates Sale No. 84, November 1996, lot 141
Ex Stacks Bowers and Ponterio Sale No. 172, November 2012, lot 11680
Ex Pars Coins
The depiction of Phoenician-Canaanite god Baal on Cilician coinage suggests the preeminence of his cult in Tarsos. He is shown enthroned, most probably on Mount Zaphon. The symbols corn-ear/barley and grapes suggest Baal’s capacity as a god involved in the seasonal cycles of life and death, or a more specific reference to Cilicia’s fertile plains. The iconography of this late coinage is also a syncretic mixture of other cultures, including Greek. The treatment of the god’s body gives us a hint of the extent of influence of Hellenic culture exerted in Eastern Asia Minor even before Alexander’s conquest, and it is said that Baal could be equated with Zeus in the Greek context. After the conquest of Alexander III of the East, Mazaios was appointed governor of Babylon. The new coinage of Alexander was strongly influenced by Mazaios’ pre-Alexandrine coinage (the Zeus Aetophoros commonly found on the reverses of his tetradrachmai is a direct descendant of this). The reverse depicts the City’s Emblem and clearly has an underlying meaning now lost to us. Some say it symbolizes the victory of Day over Night, while others suggest military conquest and subjugation of the enemies by the Persian Empire. Marvin Tameanko has persuasively argued (see Celator, Jan. 1995, pp. 6-11) that the kneeling bull (without the lion) is symbolic of Zeus, as attested on scores of later Greek and Roman coins; and the lion is symbolic of the supreme god Baal of the Cilicians. This concludes the lion-over-bull motif on this coin delivers a message that is both blatantly direct and simple, if the argument put forward is to be believed.
Jason T
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Corinth, Corinthia350 -300 B.C.
Bronze
1.26 gm, 12 mm
Obv.: Pegasos flying left, koppa below
Rev.: trident head, uncertain symbols
BMC Corinth p. 55, 453 (or similar);
SGCV 2647 (or similar)Jaimelai
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Corinth, Corinthia, Greece, c. 368 - 248 B.C.Bronze AE 12, SGCV I 2647; cf. BMC Corinth p. 53, 423 ff., aF, Corinth mint, weight 2.041g, maximum diameter 12.2mm, die axis 165o, c. 368 - 248 B.C.; obverse Pegasos flying left, koppa below; reverse ornate trident-head, uncertain symbols left, right or both; ex BCD Collection with his hand-written round tag, Ex ForvmRandygeki(h2)
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Coriosolite Bi "boar" stater, region: Armorica (Brittany and Channel Islands), c. 56 BCSlightly oval shape, obverse convex, reverse a bit concave. 19-20+mm, 2+mm thick, 5.05g, die axis 6h (coin alignment), material: billon of unknown silver and other metal content.
Obverse: stylized head of a god right (Celtic "Apollo", most probably a Sun or sky god) with three plaits of curly hair forming the triskelion-like spiral pattern, reverse: stylized charioteer driving a chariot right with a boar right under the horse and a curl and leaf device in front of it.
The design is loosely based on golden staters of Philip II of Macedon with laureate head of Apollo right on obverse and a charioteer driving a biga (Mediterranean two-horse chariot) right on reverse.
ID: since the obverse is worn off, it is impossible to determine exactly the variety of this coin. but the reverse features such as no reins, chariot driver's head has no long "nose" and even the weak obverse and strong clear reverse all point to series Y. The pellet eye of the pony, no ears, characteristic shape of the pony's head, "weird" driver and the leaf and curl rather than the quadrilateral banner all point to class I (roman numeral), most probably its middle group I (letter), but earlier group H or later transitional groups J or even K of class III are also possible (only the shape of the eye and nose on the obverse would have allowed to tell definitely). This is a well-developed middle chronological type, minted somewhere west of the river Rance.
Mythological and symbolic connotations of this design are very complex. The spirals (here present in the god's hair and as the device before the horse) were one of the most important Celtic symbols, with its main meaning related to the Sun and life (e. g. the Sun's "growing" from winter to summer solstice and then dwindling back, growing from child to adult, leaves and vines unfolding etc.) The double spiral meant life and death or death and rebirth, the cycle of seasons, that sort of thing. The triple spiral or triskelion was probably of the biggest mystical significance, connected to the godhead, with meaning like past+present+future = eternity or morning + day + evening = time. It definitely had to do with the change of seasons, flow of time, power over life and death. Thus the god's hear all made out of spirals with three main spiral branches. The charioteer also probably represents a deity, probably the same deity representing light and life, hunting the boar representing darkness and death. The boar symbol (if one looks closely, there is a rising or setting sun symbol -- a pellet within a circle over a line -- between the boar's legs) is connected to the darkness because boars are dark and their tusks look like crescent moons. They are also parts of many myths, e. g. Greek darkish stories of the Calydonian Boar hunted by Meleager and his many hero comrades or the Erymanthian boar killed by Heracles as his fourth (by some counts) labor: Celts shared the Greek mythological tradition, but probably imbued it with many of their own mythological connotations. God hunting the boar probably symbolizes the same as the spirals in the obverse: changing of seasons, passing of time, life and rebirth etc.
Coriosolites were a Gallic tribe. In the 1st century BC they were living in the so called "Armorica" (ar mor = by the sea) -- a region of modern Brittany around the river Rance roughly to the south of Jersey. They probably migrated there from Rhineland, running away from the Germanic expansion, since they share some cultural features with the Celtic tribes of the Rhine. This tribe on its own was hardly of much significance compared to the other neighboring Gallic tribes (Unelli, Osismii, Veneti, Redones, Abrincatui etc.), but their coin making is among the best studied of all the Celts because several huge hoards of their coins were discovered in Brittany and Jersey, and studied in detail. When Romans led by Julius Caesar came to conquer Gaul, Coriosolites were actively resisting, first on their own, then as a part of the local tribal union and, finally, contributed to Vercingetorix's war effort. The minting of these coins and hoarding them was probably related to these war activities and subsequent defeat, so since series Y is in the middle of the chronology, it can probably be dated around the middle of the Gallic wars (58 - 50 BC), but since the main event in Armorica, the stand off with Viridovix, happened in 57-56 BC, that's probably the best guess.
In addition to Caesar himself, two other Roman generals who fought Coriosolites should be mentioned: Publius Licinius Crassus (86|82? - 53 BC), a son of Marcus Licinius Crassus, Caesar's co-triumvir, who led the initial assault on Armorica, and Quintus Titurius Sabinus, who defeated the union of three Gallic tribes (Unelli, Curiosolitae, and Lexovii) under the chieftain Viridovix in 56 BC. Ironically to our discussion, when Crassus went back to Rome, his first office there was a monetalis, i. e. a Republican official with authority to issue coins.
A lot more about this type of coins can be learned here:
http://www.writer2001.com/exp0002.htmYurii P
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Cr 124/5 Æ Triens "Meta" seriesRome, ca. 206-195 b.c.e.
o: Helmeted head of Minerva r., ···· above
r: Prow r. ; Meta (turning post) above, ···· to r.
11.09 gm; 24.5 mm
A relatively rare coin from one of the earlier struck bronze series with symbols and no specific reference to the moneyer.
PMah
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