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German states, Hesse-Cassel Friedrich Wilhelm 1847 - 1866 A.D. Crowned German coat of arms, 360 EINEN THALER / 1 HELLER 1866 surrounded by leged: KURHESSISCHE SCHEIDE MUNZE. KM 613 Heller
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Time of Alexander I, AR Hemiobol, struck 470 - 460 BC at Argilos in MacedoniaObverse: No legend. Forepart of Pegasos facing left.
Reverse: No legend. Quadripartite granulated incuse square.
Diameter: 8.78mm | Weight: 0.20gms | Die Axis: Uncertain
Liampi 118 | SNG - | GCV -
Rare
Argilos was a city of ancient Macedonia founded by a colony of Greeks from Andros. Although little information is known about the city until about 480 BC, the literary tradition dates the foundation to around 655/654 BC which makes Argilos the earliest Greek colony on the Thracian coast. It appears from Herodotus to have been a little to the right of the route the army of Xerxes I took during its invasion of Greece in 480 BC in the Greco-Persian Wars. Its territory must have extended as far as the right bank of the Strymona, since the mountain of Kerdylion belonged to the city.
Argilos benefited from the trading activities along the Strymona and probably also from the gold mines of the Pangeion. Ancient authors rarely mention the site, but nevertheless shed some light on the important periods of its history. In the last quarter of the 6th century BC, Argilos founded two colonies, Tragilos, in the Thracian heartland, and Kerdilion, a few kilometers to the east of the city.
Alexander I was the ruler of the ancient kingdom of Macedonia from c.498 BC until his death in 454 BC. Alexander came to the throne during the era of the kingdom's vassalage to Persia, dating back to the time of his father, Amyntas I. Although Macedonia retained a broad scope of autonomy, in 492 BC it was made a fully subordinate part of the Persian Empire. Alexander I acted as a representative of the Persian governor Mardonius during peace negotiations after the Persian defeat at the Battle of Salamis in 480 BC. From the time of Mardonius' conquest of Macedonia, Herodotus disparagingly refers to Alexander I as “hyparchos”, meaning viceroy. However, despite his cooperation with Persia, Alexander frequently gave supplies and advice to the Greek city states, and warned them of the Persian plans before the Battle of Plataea in 479 BC. After their defeat at Plataea, when the Persian army under the command of Artabazus tried to retreat all the way back to Asia Minor, most of the 43,000 survivors of the battle were attacked and killed by the forces of Alexander at the estuary of the Strymona river.
Alexander regained Macedonian independence after the end of the Persian Wars and was given the title "philhellene" by the Athenians, a title used for Greek patriots.
After the Persian defeat, Argilos became a member of the first Athenian confederation but the foundation of Amphipolis in 437 BC, which took control of the trade along the Strymona, brought an end to this. Thucydides tells us that some Argilians took part in this foundation but that the relations between the two cities quickly deteriorated and, during the Peloponnesian war, the Argilians joined with the Spartan general Brasidas to attack Amphipolis. An inscription from the temple of Asklepios in Epidauros attests that Argilos was an independent city during the 4th century.
Like other colonies in the area, Argilos was conquered by the Macedonian king Philip II in 357 B.C. Historians believe that the city was then abandoned and, though excavations have brought to light an important agricultural settlement on the acropolis dated to the years 350-200 BC, no Roman or Byzantine ruins have been uncovered there.*Alex
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Philip II, 359 - 336 BC. AE18. Struck after 356 BC at an uncertain mint in MacedoniaObverse: No legend. Young male head, usually identified as Apollo, with hair bound in a taenia, facing left.
Reverse: ΦIΛIΠΠOY, Naked rider on horse prancing left, uncertain control mark, often described as the head of a lion, beneath the horse. The control mark looks a bit like the ram on the prow of a galley to me, but that is just my personal opinion.
Diameter: 17.4mm | Weight: 6.9gms | Die Axis: 12
SNG ANS 872 - 874
The bronze series of this type is extensive and differentiated principally by the different control marks. These control marks are symbols and letters which generally appear on the reverse, very occasionally the obverse, of the coin, and they were used to identify the officials responsible for a particular issue of coinage.
Philip II won the horseback race at the 106th Olympics in 356 BC, and it is thought that the horseman on the reverse of this coin commemorates that event.
Philip II of Macedon was King of Macedon from 359 until his death in 336 BC. He was the father of Alexander the Great and Philip III Arrhidaeus. In 357 BC, Philip married Olympias, who was the daughter of the king of the Molossians. Alexander was born in 356 BC, the same year as Philip's horse won at the Olympic Games.
Only Greeks were allowed to participate in the Olympic Games, and Philip was determined to convince his Athenian opposition that he was indeed worthy to be considered Greek. And, after successfully uniting Macedonia and Thessaly, Philip could legitimately participate in the Olympics. In 365 BC Philip entered his horse into the keles, a horseback race in the 106th Olympics, and won. He proceeded to win two more times, winning the four horse chariot race in the 352 BC 107th Olympics and the two horse chariot race in the 348 BC 108th Olympics. These were great victories for Philip because not only had he been admitted officially into the Olympic Games but he had also won, solidifying his standing as a true Greek.
The conquest and political consolidation of most of Greece during Philip's reign was achieved in part by the creation of the Macedonian phalanx which gave him an enormous advantage on the battlefield. After defeating Athens and Thebes at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC Philip II established the League of Corinth, a federation of Greek states, with him at it's head, with the intention of invading the Persian empire. In 336 BC he sent an army of 10,000 men into Asia Minor to make preparations for the invasion by freeing the Greeks living on the western coast and islands from Persian rule. All went well until the news arrived that Philip had been assassinated. The Macedonians were demoralized by Philip's death and were subsequently defeated by Persian forces near Magnesia.
Philip II was murdered in October 336 BC, at Aegae, the ancient capital of the Macedonian kingdom, while he was entering into the town's theatre. He was assassinated by Pausanius, one of his own bodyguards, who was himself slain by three of Philip's other bodyguards. The reasons for Philip's assassination are not now fully known, with many modern historians saying that, on the face of it, none of the ancient accounts which have come down to us appear to be credible.*Alex
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Philip II, 359 - 336 BC. AE18. Struck after 356 BC at an uncertain mint in MacedoniaObverse: No legend. Young male head, usually identified as Apollo, with hair bound in a taenia, facing left.
Reverse: ΦIΛIΠΠOY, Naked rider on horse prancing right, forepart of bull butting right control mark (helmet?) beneath the horse.
Diameter: 19mm | Weight: 6.95gms | Die Axis: 9
GCV: 6699 | Forrer/Weber: 2068
The bronze series of this type is extensive and differentiated principally by the different control marks. These control marks are symbols and letters which generally appear on the reverse, very occasionally the obverse, of the coin, and they were used to identify the officials responsible for a particular issue of coinage.
Philip II won the horseback race at the 106th Olympics in 356 BC, and it is thought that the horseman on the reverse of this coin commemorates this event.
Philip II of Macedon was King of Macedon from 359 until his death in 336 BC. He was the father of Alexander the Great and Philip III Arrhidaeus. In 357 BC, Philip married Olympias, who was the daughter of the king of the Molossians. Alexander was born in 356 BC, the same year as Philip's horse won at the Olympic Games.
The conquest and political consolidation of most of Greece during Philip's reign was achieved in part by the creation of the Macedonian phalanx which gave him an enormous advantage on the battlefield. After defeating Athens and Thebes at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC Philip II established the League of Corinth, a federation of Greek states, with him at it's head, with the intention of invading the Persian empire. In 336 BC, Philip II sent an army of 10,000 men into Asia Minor to make preparations for the invasion by freeing the Greeks living on the western coast and islands from Persian rule. All went well until the news arrived that Philip had been assassinated. The Macedonians were demoralized by Philip's death and were subsequently defeated by Persian forces near Magnesia.
Philip II was murdered in October 336 BC, at Aegae, the ancient capital of the Macedonian kingdom, while he was entering into the town's theatre. He was assassinated by Pausanius, one of his own bodyguards, who was himself slain by three of Philip's other bodyguards. The reasons for Philip's assassination are not now fully known, with many modern historians saying that, on the face of it, none of the ancient accounts which have come down to us appear to be credible.*Alex
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Philip II, 359 - 336. AE18. Struck after 356 BC at an uncertain mint in Macedonia Obverse: No legend. Young male head, usually identified as Apollo, with hair bound in a taenia, facing right.
Reverse: ΦIΛIΠΠOY, Naked rider on horse prancing right, retrograde E control mark beneath the horse.
Diameter: 17.16mm | Weight: 6.09gms | Die Axis: 12
SNG ANS 919 - 920
The bronze series of this type is extensive and differentiated principally by the different control marks. These control marks are symbols and letters which generally appear on the reverse, very occasionally the obverse, of the coin, and they were used to identify the officials responsible for a particular issue of coinage.
Philip II won the horseback race at the 106th Olympics in 356 BC, and it is thought that the horseman on the reverse of this coin commemorates this event.
Philip II of Macedon was King of Macedon from 359 until his death in 336 BC. He was the father of Alexander the Great and Philip III Arrhidaeus. In 357 BC, Philip married Olympias, who was the daughter of the king of the Molossians. Alexander was born in 356 BC, the same year as Philip's horse won at the Olympic Games.
The conquest and political consolidation of most of Greece during Philip's reign was achieved in part by the creation of the Macedonian phalanx which gave him an enormous advantage on the battlefield. After defeating Athens and Thebes at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC Philip II established the League of Corinth, a federation of Greek states, with him at it's head, with the intention of invading the Persian empire. In 336 BC, Philip II sent an army of 10,000 men into Asia Minor to make preparations for the invasion by freeing the Greeks living on the western coast and islands from Persian rule. All went well until the news arrived that Philip had been assassinated. The Macedonians were demoralized by Philip's death and were subsequently defeated by Persian forces near Magnesia.
Philip II was murdered in October 336 BC, at Aegae, the ancient capital of the Macedonian kingdom, while he was entering into the town's theatre. He was assassinated by Pausanius, one of his own bodyguards, who was himself slain by three of Philip's other bodyguards. The reasons for Philip's assassination are not now fully known, with many modern historians saying that, on the face of it, none of the ancient accounts which have come down to us appear to be credible.*Alex
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Philip II, 359 - 336. AE18. Struck after 356 BC at an uncertain mint in MacedoniaObverse: No legend. Young male head, usually identified as Apollo, with hair bound in a taenia, facing right.
Reverse: ΦIΛIΠΠOY, Naked rider on horse prancing left, spearhead control mark beneath the horse.
Diameter: 18.00mm | Weight: 6.00gms | Die Axis: 12
SNG ANS 850 | Mionnet I: 750
The bronze series of this type is extensive and differentiated principally by the different control marks. These control marks are symbols and letters which generally appear on the reverse, very occasionally the obverse, of the coin, and they were used to identify the officials responsible for a particular issue of coinage.
Philip II won the horseback race at the 106th Olympics in 356 BC, and it is thought that the horseman on the reverse of this coin commemorates this event.
Philip II of Macedon was King of Macedon from 359 until his death in 336 BC. He was the father of Alexander the Great and Philip III Arrhidaeus. In 357 BC, Philip married Olympias, who was the daughter of the king of the Molossians. Alexander was born in 356 BC, the same year as Philip's horse won at the Olympic Games.
The conquest and political consolidation of most of Greece during Philip's reign was achieved in part by the creation of the Macedonian phalanx which gave him an enormous advantage on the battlefield. After defeating Athens and Thebes at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC Philip II established the League of Corinth, a federation of Greek states, with him at it's head, with the intention of invading the Persian empire. In 336 BC, Philip II sent an army of 10,000 men into Asia Minor to make preparations for the invasion by freeing the Greeks living on the western coast and islands from Persian rule. All went well until the news arrived that Philip had been assassinated. The Macedonians were demoralized by Philip's death and were subsequently defeated by Persian forces near Magnesia.
Philip II was murdered in October 336 BC, at Aegae, the ancient capital of the Macedonian kingdom, while he was entering into the town's theatre. He was assassinated by Pausanius, one of his own bodyguards, who was himself slain by three of Philip's other bodyguards. The reasons for Philip's assassination are not now fully known, with many modern historians saying that, on the face of it, none of the ancient accounts which have come down to us appear to be credible.*Alex
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3 Tiberius, Utica, Zeugitana, Ex John Quincy Adams CollectionBronze dupondius, RPC I 739, F, holed, 13.158g, 29.8mm, 90o, Zeugitana, Utica mint, 298 - 30 A.D.; obverse TI CAESAR DIVI AVG F AVG IMP VIII, bare head left; reverse C VIBIO MARSO PRCOS III C SALLVSTIVS IVSTVS II, Livia seated right, scepter in left, patera in extended right, M - M / I - V across fields; with John Quincy Adams Collection tag from the Stack's Sale; scarce
RI0001
Ex John Quincy Adams Collection, 6th President of the United States, and His Descendants, ex Massachusetts Historical Society Collection, ex Stack’s Sale , 5-6 March 1971, lot 763.
Purchased from FORVMSosius
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71 Constantine II Ex John Quincy Adams CollectionAE Follis, Trier Mint
RIC VII Trier 539, Sear (2014) 17314
Ex John Quincy Adams Collection, 6th President of the United States, and His Descendants, ex Massachusetts Historical Society Collection, ex Stack’s Sale, 5-6 March 1971, Lot # 948
Bought by Christian Blom, then sold to Smithsonian Institution underwater archaeologist Mendel Peterson, then to D.C. coin dealer Gene Brandenburg, then to me.Sosius
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8 LiciniusAE Follis, Thessalonica Mint, 312-313 AD
RIC VI Thessalonica 59
Ex John Quincy Adams Collection, 6th President of the United States, and His Descendants, ex Massachusetts Historical Society Collection, ex Stack’s Sale, 5-6 March 1971, Lot # 944
Bought by Christian Blom, then sold to Smithsonian Institution underwater archaeologist Mendel Peterson, then to D.C. coin dealer Gene Brandenburg, then to me.Sosius
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Celtic CoinageContinental Celts & Tribes of Britannia
Gaul: Northwest Gaul: Aulerci Eburovices, Carnutes, Coriosolites, Redones, Senones, Veneti. Northeast Gaul: Ambiani, Remi, Suessiones (Cricironus), Treveri.
Central Gaul: Aediu, Arverni. Sequani (Turonos & Cantorix). Southern Gaul: Massalia (Marseilles), Tolostates, Volcae-Arecomici. Uncertain: Volcae Tectosages, Leuci, Senones.
Britain: Atrebates & Regni (Verica), Cantii (Amminus), CantuvellauniCorieltauvi (Volisios Dumnocoveros), Cunobelin, Dobunni, Durotriges, Epaticcus, Iceni, Trinovantes, Cantuvellauni & Trinovantes (Addedomaros, Caratacus).
Lower Danube: Geto-Dacians. Middle Danube: Hercuniates. Central Europe: Boii. Danubian Celts are also referred to as being from the Carpathian Region, in which there were various tribes, many unknown. Anaximander
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UNITED STATES, Hard Times. Political issues. Gulian C. Verplanck.
Brass Token (27mm, 6.08 g, 6 h). Belleville (New Jersey) mint. Struck 1834.
GULIAN . C . VERPLANCK OUR NEXT . GOVNR., bust left
* A FAITHFUL . FRIEND */ TO OUR COUNTRY
Eagle standing right, with wings spread and head left, clutching olive branch and arrows in claws
Rulau HT 30; Low 16Ardatirion
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UNITED STATES, Hard Times. Political issues.
CU Token (30mm, 11.19 g, 6h). Belleville (New Jersey) mint. Dated 1837
· (rosette) · EXECUTIVE · (rosette) ·/ EXPERIMENT. Turtle walking right, bearing chest labelled SUB/ TREASURY; 1837/ FISCAL AGENT · (rosette) ·
ILLUSTRIOUS · (rosette) ·/ PREDECESSOR. Mule leaping left; above, I FOLLOW/ IN THE, below, STEPS/ OF MY
Rulau HT 32; Low 18Ardatirion
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UNITED STATES, Hard Times. Political issues.
CU Token (28.5mm, 10.36 g, 6 h). Belleville (New Jersey) mint. Dated 1837.
Laureate head of Liberty right; above, E. PLURIBUS UNUM on ribbon; thirteen stars around; 1837
MILLIONS FOR DEFENCE. Within wreath: NOT/ ONE/ CENT/ -/ FOR TRIBUTE
Rulau HT 48; Low 28Ardatirion
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UNITED STATES, Hard Times. Political issues.
CU Token (29mm, 8.98 g, 11h)
Belleville (New Jersey) mint. Dated 1838
Head of Liberty (or native American?) left, wearing ribbon inscribed LOCO FOCO; thirteen stars around; 1838
* BENTON */ EXPER IMENT. MINT/ DROP/ – within wreath
Rulau HT 63; Low 55Ardatirion
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UNITED STATES, Hard Times. Political issues.
CU Token (28.5mm, 8.53 g, 12h). Belleville (New Jersey) mint. Struck 1837-1842.
· (rosette) · I TAKE THE · (rosette) ·/ RESPONSIBILITY, half length bust of Jackson emerging from chest, holding saber and money bag
· THE CONSTITUTION ·/ AS I UNDERSTAND IT. Mule standing left, LL.D on flank; above, ROMAN/ FIRMNESS; below, VETO
Rulau HT 72; Low 53
Ex Steve Hayden (20 July 2014), lot 429; Don Miller Collection; William Dunham Collection (B. Max Mehl, 3 August 1941), lot 2627Ardatirion
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UNITED STATES, Political campaign tokens. William Henry Harrison. President, March 4-April 4 1841.
Æ Political Medallet (23mm, 4.22 g, 12 h)
Belleville (New Jersey) mint. Dually dated 9 February 1773 and 1841
MAJ. GEN. W. H. HARRISON/ * BORN FEB. 9. 1773*
Bust of William Henry Harrison left in military uniform
STEAM BOAT VAN BUREN/ FOR SALT RIVER DIRECT.
Early steamboat sailing right with banner inscribed 1841; LOCO-FOCO/ LINE below. '
With attached contemporary ribbon.
Rulau HT 817; Low -Ardatirion
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UNITED STATES, Hard Times. Political issues.
CU Token (28.5mm, 8.53 g, 12h). Belleville (New Jersey) mint. Dated 1838.
AM I NOT A WOMAN & A SISTER, hained female slave kneeling right, raising arms in supplication; * 1838 * below UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, LIBERTY/ 1838 within wreath
Rulau HT 81; Low 54
Ex Album 33 (17 January 2019), lot 2542
June 1900 saw a brief flurry of journalistic interest in the "Am I Not A Woman & A Sister" tokens. A specimen had been found in a garden in Indiana, apparently in one of the many towns that claim a connection to the Underground Railroad, and received a glowing and fanciful write up in the local newspaper. The paper claimed that it was a "Talisman of Slavery," and used as a token to ensure safe passage along the escaped slave's route, and that it was a very rare piece. The following week a newspaper in Maine recorded that a local collector had another example, again drawing a purported connection to the Underground Railroad. Astutely, the July 1900 edition of the American Journal of Numismatics pointed out that, while an isolated use like this was possible, it was not what the tokens were originally intended for.Ardatirion
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UNITED STATES, Hard Times. Belleville, New Jersey. John Gibbs, manufacturer
CU Token. Belleville (New Jersey) mint. Dies by John Gibbs. Struck circa 1838.
* AGRICULTURE AND COMMERCE, ship under sail right
J GIBBS MANUFACTURER/ [OF]/ MEDALS/ AND/ TOKENS/ &C/ NJ/ * BELLEVILLE
Rulau HT 202; Low 150
Ex Robert Williams Collection (Steve Hayden, 11 December 2016), lot 363; Steve Hayden (2 December 2012), lot 585Ardatirion
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UNITED STATES, Trade Tokens. Belleville, New Jersey. Tobias D. Seaman, butcher
CU Token. Belleville (New Jersey) mint. Dies by Gibbs. Struck 1837.
T. D. SEAMAN BUTCHER./ * BELLEVILLE *. Bouquet.
* A FRIEND */ TO THE CONSTITUTION, Bull standing right; c/m: minute D above.
Rulau HT 204B; Low 155
Ex Don Miller Collection; William Dunham Collection (B. Max Mehl, 3 August 1941), lot 2713
Tobias Seaman was apparently not primarily engaged as a butcher, finding more success as a hotelier. He was the proprietor of Mansion House in Belleville and, later, of the Mechanic's Hotel in Newark circa 1845-1851, and the South Ward Hotel thereafter. For a brief time he was also the owner of a stage line to New York and, "a horseman of great noteriety."(W. Shaw, History of Essex and Hudson Counties, New Jersey. New York, 1884. p. 890-a)Ardatirion
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UNITED STATES, Trade Tokens. New York, New York. John H. Dayton, Union Steam Washing.
CU Token (28.5mm, 9.85 g, 12 h) Belleville (New Jersey) mint. Dies by John Gibbs. Dated 1837
Laureate head of Liberty right; above, E. PLURIBUS UNUM on ribbon; thirteen stars around; 1837; c/m: small D above, '61' in white ink to left
* JAY. H. DAYTONS. UNION STEAM WASHING EST./ * 17th St. NEAR 5th AVENUE * NY/, WASHING/ DONE FOR/ SHIPS. ST BOATS/ HOTELS &/ PRIVATE FAMILIES
Rulau HT 249, Low 114
Ex Don Miller Collection; William Dunham Collection (B. Max Mehl, 3 August 1941), lot 2680Ardatirion
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UNITED STATES, Native proto-currency. Seneca tribe.
Ganounata village (Honeoye Falls, NY). Circa AD 1625-1687
White wampum beads (apx. 5mm, 0.10g each)
Carved white shell beads with lateral hole for suspension in belt
Cf. William Martin Beauchamp, Wampum and Shell Articles Used by the New York Indians, p. 369
Found at the Dann Farm site in Honeoye Falls, NY.
In 1687 combined French and Huron forces, lead by the Marquis de Denonville, set out to undermine the strength of the Iriquois Confederacy. The main strike was made against Seneca villages in Western New York. Ganounata was burned during the campaign. This episode was only one in a long line of conflicts fought over control of the North American fur trade.
Wampum was used by Native Americans in woven belts of white and black beads. The white beads were crafted from the columella of the Channeled Whelk, the black from the quahog. Traditionally, wampum belts were used as a ceremonial object to initiate a trade contract. It was only with the coming of the Europeans that wampum began to function as coinage. In 1673, New York state officially set the value of wampum at six white beads to the Dutch stuiver, or three black until they fell out of use. Ardatirion
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UNITED STATES, Native proto-currency. Northern Pacific coast. 18th-early19th century
Shell “kop-kop” (29mm by 6mm, 0.38 g)
Tubular shell of the dentalium genus of mollusks
Robert Stearns, Ethno-conchology: A Study of Primitive Money p. 314-321
Ex Detroit Museum of Art
Kop-kops were smaller or damaged pieces of hi-qua shells and circulated as a fraction of the hi-qua. Use of this shell type as currency ranged from northern California to Alaska.
Ardatirion
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UNITED STATES, Pre-Federal. New Jersey. 1786-1789.
CU Penny. (27mm, 9.37 g)
Rahway Mills mint.
Dated 1787
* NOVA * CÆSAREA *, head of horse right; plow below
* E * PLURIBUS * UNUM *, shield
Whitman 5225; Maris 43-dArdatirion
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UNITED STATES, Trade Tokens. Wooster, Ohio. Archer House. Circa 1878-1966
AL Twenty-five Cent Token (24mm, 1.48 g, 11h)
ARCHER HOUSE -:- around central hole
GOOD FOR/ 25¢/ IN TRADE
Archer House hotel was constructed in 1878 on the corner of Buckeye and Liberty Streets, on the site of the earlier wood frame Washington House tavern. The founders, tailor E.B. Connelly and his sister-in-law Melinda, named the establishment after Melinda's deceased son, Archer. Melinda Connelly later remarried to A.M. Parrish, with whom she would operate the hotel until her death. The property passed to heir great-grandson, on who's behalf it was sold to Dr. Alonzo Smith in 1923. Archer House was finally purchased by Robert Freeman in 1964, and was razed in 1966. Today, a two story professional building stands on the spot.Ardatirion
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UNITED STATES, Trade Tokens. Wooster, Ohio. Archer House. Circa 1878-1966.
AL Ten Cent Token (22.5mm, 1.28 g, 2h)
ARCHER HOUSE -:- around central hole
GOOD FOR/ 10¢/ IN TRADE
Lipscomb WO 8051; TC 226639
Archer House hotel was constructed in 1878 on the corner of Buckeye and Liberty Streets, on the site of the earlier wood frame Washington House tavern. The founders, tailor E.B. Connelly and his sister-in-law Melinda, named the establishment after Melinda's deceased son, Archer. Melinda Connelly later remarried to A.M. Parrish, with whom she would operate the hotel until her death. The property passed to heir great-grandson, on who's behalf it was sold to Dr. Alonzo Smith in 1923. Archer House was finally purchased by Robert Freeman in 1964, and was razed in 1966. Today, a two story professional building stands on the spot.Ardatirion
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UNITED STATES, Trade Tokens. Wooster, Ohio. Archer House. Circa 1878-1966.
AL Five Cent Token (21.5mm, 1.16 g, 8h)
ARCHER HOUSE -:- around central hole
GOOD FOR/ 5¢/ IN TRADE
Archer House hotel was constructed in 1878 on the corner of Buckeye and Liberty Streets, on the site of the earlier wood frame Washington House tavern. The founders, tailor E.B. Connelly and his sister-in-law Melinda, named the establishment after Melinda's deceased son, Archer. Melinda Connelly later remarried to A.M. Parrish, with whom she would operate the hotel until her death. The property passed to heir great-grandson, on who's behalf it was sold to Dr. Alonzo Smith in 1923. Archer House was finally purchased by Robert Freeman in 1964, and was razed in 1966. Today, a two story professional building stands on the spot.Ardatirion
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002a, Aigina, Islands off Attica, Greece, c. 510 - 490 B.C.Silver stater, S 1849, SNG Cop 503, F, 12.231g, 22.3mm, Aigina (Aegina) mint, c. 510 - 490 B.C.; Obverse: sea turtle (with row of dots down the middle); Reverse: incuse square of “Union Jack” pattern; banker's mark obverse. Ex FORVM.
Greek Turtles, by Gary T. Anderson
Turtles, the archaic currency of Aegina, are among the most sought after of all ancient coins. Their early history is somewhat of a mystery. At one time historians debated whether they or the issuances of Lydia were the world's earliest coins. The source of this idea comes indirectly from the writings of Heracleides of Pontus, a fourth century BC Greek scholar. In the treatise Etymologicum, Orion quotes Heracleides as claiming that King Pheidon of Argos, who died no later than 650 BC, was the first to strike coins at Aegina. However, archeological investigations date the earliest turtles to about 550 BC, and historians now believe that this is when the first of these intriguing coins were stamped.
Aegina is a small, mountainous island in the Saronikon Gulf, about midway between Attica and the Peloponnese. In the sixth century BC it was perhaps the foremost of the Greek maritime powers, with trade routes throughout the eastern half of the Mediterranean. It is through contacts with Greeks in Asia Minor that the idea of coinage was probably introduced to Aegina. Either the Lydians or Greeks along the coast of present day Turkey were most likely the first to produce coins, back in the late seventh century. These consisted of lumps of a metal called electrum (a mixture of gold and silver) stamped with an official impression to guarantee the coin was of a certain weight. Aegina picked up on this idea and improved upon it by stamping coins of (relatively) pure silver instead electrum, which contained varying proportions of gold and silver. The image stamped on the coin of the mighty sea power was that of a sea turtle, an animal that was plentiful in the Aegean Sea. While rival cities of Athens and Corinth would soon begin limited manufacture of coins, it is the turtle that became the dominant currency of southern Greece. The reason for this is the shear number of coins produced, estimated to be ten thousand yearly for nearly seventy years. The source for the metal came from the rich silver mines of Siphnos, an island in the Aegean. Although Aegina was a formidable trading nation, the coins seemed to have meant for local use, as few have been found outside the Cyclades and Crete. So powerful was their lure, however, that an old proverb states, "Courage and wisdom are overcome by Turtles."
The Aeginean turtle bore a close likeness to that of its live counterpart, with a series of dots running down the center of its shell. The reverse of the coin bore the imprint of the punch used to force the face of the coin into the obverse turtle die. Originally this consisted of an eight-pronged punch that produced a pattern of eight triangles. Later, other variations on this were tried. In 480 BC, the coin received its first major redesign. Two extra pellets were added to the shell near the head of the turtle, a design not seen in nature. Also, the reverse punch mark was given a lopsided design.
Although turtles were produced in great quantities from 550 - 480 BC, after this time production dramatically declines. This may be due to the exhaustion of the silver mines on Siphnos, or it may be related to another historical event. In 480 BC, Aegina's archrival Athens defeated Xerxes and his Persian armies at Marathon. After this, it was Athens that became the predominant power in the region. Aegina and Athens fought a series of wars until 457 BC, when Aegina was conquered by its foe and stripped of its maritime rights. At this time the coin of Aegina changed its image from that of the sea turtle to that of the land tortoise, symbolizing its change in fortunes.
The Turtle was an object of desire in ancient times and has become so once again. It was the first coin produced in Europe, and was produced in such great quantities that thousands of Turtles still exist today. Their historical importance and ready availability make them one of the most desirable items in any ancient coin enthusiast's collection.
(Greek Turtles, by Gary T. Anderson .Cleisthenes
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1794 AE Halfpenny, Emsworth, Hampshire.Obverse: EARL HOWE & THE GLORIOUS FIRST OF JUNE. "Youthful" bust of Earl Howe, wearing tricorn hat and with hair in long pigtail tied with a ribbon, facing left.
Reverse: RULE BRITANNIA. Britannia facing left, seated on globe, her right hand holding spear, her left arm holding laurel-branch and resting on shield at her side; in exergue, 1794.
Edge: “PAYABLE AT LONDON LIVERPOOL OR BRISTOL •.
Diameter: 29mm.
Dalton & Hamer: 13
During the 18th and 19th centuries Emsworth was a busy little port, known for shipbuilding, boat building and rope making. Grain from the area was ground into flour by tidal mills at Emsworth and the flour was then transported by ship to places like London and Portsmouth. Timber from the area was also exported from Emsworth in the 18th and 19th centuries.
This token was probably issued by John Stride, a grocer and tea dealer with a business in Emsworth, and the dies were likely engraved by Thomas Wyon. The token was probably manufactured by Peter Kempson at his mint in Birmingham.
These 18th century tokens are often generically referred to as “Conder” tokens, the name originating from James Conder, a linen draper from Tavern Street in Ipswich. Conder was an ardent collector of tokens and the author of the standard work on the subject until it was superseded by that of Atkins in 1892.
Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe, Knight of the Garter and Admiral of the Fleet was born on 8th March, 1726. He was a British naval officer notable in particular for his service during the American War of Independence and the French Revolutionary Wars. He died on the 5th of August, 1799.
The Glorious First of June, 1794 was the first and largest fleet action of the naval conflict between Britain and the French during the French Revolutionary Wars. The British, under Admiral Lord Howe, attempted to prevent the passage of a vital grain convoy from the United States, which was protected by the French fleet commanded by Vice-Admiral Louis Thomas Villaret de Joyeuse. The two forces clashed in the Atlantic Ocean, some 400 nautical miles west of the French island of Ushant, on the first of June 1794. During the battle both fleets were so severely damaged that both Howe and Villaret were compelled to return to their home ports. Both sides claimed victory and the outcome of the battle was seized upon by the press of both nations as a demonstration of the prowess and bravery of their respective navies.*Alex
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1795 AE Halfpenny, Emsworth or Portsmouth, Hampshire.Obverse: EARL HOWE & THE GLORIOUS FIRST OF JUNE. "Elderly" bust of Earl Howe, wearing tricorn hat and with hair tied with a ribbon at back, facing left.
Reverse: RULE BRITANNIA. Britannia facing left, seated on globe, her right hand holding spear, her left arm holding laurel-branch and resting on shield at her side; in exergue, 1795.
Edge: “PAYABLE IN LONDON” the remainder engrailed.
Diameter: 29mm.
Dalton & Hamer: 23b
This token was probably issued by John Stride, a grocer and tea dealer with a business in Emsworth, and the dies were likely engraved by Thomas Wyon. The token was probably manufactured by Peter Kempson at his mint in Birmingham.
These 18th century tokens are often generically referred to as “Conder” tokens, the name originating from James Conder, a linen draper from Tavern Street in Ipswich. Conder was an ardent collector of tokens and the author of the standard work on the subject until it was superseded by that of Atkins in 1892.
Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe, Knight of the Garter and Admiral of the Fleet was born on 8th March, 1726. He was a British naval officer notable in particular for his service during the American War of Independence and the French Revolutionary Wars. He died on the 5th of August, 1799.
The Glorious First of June, 1794 was the first and largest fleet action of the naval conflict between Britain and the French during the French Revolutionary Wars. The British, under Admiral Lord Howe, attempted to prevent the passage of a vital grain convoy from the United States, which was protected by the French fleet commanded by Vice-Admiral Louis Thomas Villaret de Joyeuse. The two forces clashed in the Atlantic Ocean, some 400 nautical miles west of the French island of Ushant, on the first of June 1794. During the battle, Howe defied naval convention by ordering his fleet to turn towards the French and for each of his vessels to rake and engage their immediate opponent. This unexpected order was not understood by all of his captains, and as a result his attack, though successful, was more piecemeal than he intended. In the course of the battle the two fleets were so severely damaged that both Howe and Villaret were compelled to return to their home ports.
Both sides claimed victory and the outcome of the battle was seized upon by the press of both countries as a demonstration of the prowess and bravery of their respective navies. France because, despite losing seven of his ships, Villaret had successfully bought enough time for the grain convoy to reach safety unimpeded by Howe's fleet and Britain because, since the French were forced to withdraw their battle-fleet to port, they were left free to conduct a campaign of blockade for the remainder of the war.*Alex
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1844 Württemberg Silver 1/2 GuldenGerman States, Kingdom of Württemberg, Wilhelm I (1816-64), Silver 1/2 Gulden, 1844, SCWC KM 573, KR 98.4, AKS 86, Jaeger 69a, UNC, beautiful deep cabinet tone, incused edge squares, weight 5.29g (ASW 0.1531oz), composition 0.9 Ag, 0.1 Cu, diameter 24.0mm, thickness 1.8mm, die axis 0°, Stuttgart mint, 1844; obverse WILHELM KÖNIG-V. WÜRTTEMBERG (William, King of Württemberg), bare head left, VOIGT raised below truncation for engraver Carl Friedrich Voigt, toothed border surrounding; reverse ½/GULDEN/1844 in three lines, within closed oak wreath tied with bow at base, engraved by Carl Friedrich Voigt, toothed border surrounding; from the Roger Belmar Collection; ex Baldwin's (21 Jan 2023); £125.00.Serendipity
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1866 Frankfurt Silver 2 VereinsthalerGerman States, Free City of Frankfurt (1815-66), Silver 2 Vereinsthaler (Double Thaler), 3½ Gulden, 1866, Davenport 651, SCWC KM 365, Thun 145, AKS 4, Jaeger 43, Schw. 83, Kahnt 183, gEF, incuse edge lettering STARK ⍭∗⍭ IM ⍭∗⍭ RECHT ⍭∗⍭ (Strong in Justice), weight 37.04g (ASW 1.0718oz), composition 0.9 Ag, 0.1 Cu, diameter 41.0mm, thickness 3.1mm, die axis 0°, Frankfurt mint, 1866; obverse FREIE STADT-FRANKFURT (Free City of Frankfurt), laureate and draped bust of Francofurtia right, wearing embroidered Imperial Mantle and oak wreath tied with ribbon at back, hair bound with pearls, waved and knotted in chignon at back, long corkscrew curl beneath ear and short curl down cheek, A.v.NORDHEIM incuse on truncation below shoulder for engraver August von Nordheim, toothed border surrounding; reverse ZWEI VEREINSTHALER . XV EIN PFUND FEIN (2 Vereinsthaler, 1/15 Fine Pound), crowned Imperial Eagle standing facing, head left, wings spread, ✥ 1866 ✥ below, engraved by August von Nordheim, toothed border surrounding; from the Roger Belmar Collection; ex Baldwin's (21 May 2021); ex Roma Numismatics auction XX Day 2 (30 Oct 2020), lot 886, acquired from Sincona AG; £400.00.Serendipity
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1bc Trajan98-117
Sestertius
Laureate head, right, IMP CAES NERVAE TRAIANO AVG GER DAC P M TR P COS V PP
Roma and kneeling Dacian, SPQR OPTIMO PRINCIPI SC
RIC 485
Eutropius enthused: To [Nerva] succeeded ULPIUS CRINITUS TRAJANUS, born at Italica in Spain, of a family rather ancient than eminent for his father was the first consul in it. He was chosen emperor at Agrippina, a city of Gaul. He exercised the government in such a manner, that he is deservedly preferred to all the other emperors. He was a man of extraordinary skill in managing affairs of state, and of remarkable courage. The limits of the Roman empire, which, since the reign of Augustus, had been rather defended than honourably enlarged, he extended far and wide. He rebuilt some cities in Germany; he subdued Dacia by the overthrow of Decebalus, and formed a province beyond the Danube, in that territory which the Thaiphali, Victoali, and Theruingi now occupy. This province was a thousand miles in circumference.
He recovered Armenia, which the Parthians had seized, putting to death Parthamasires who held the government of it. He gave a king to the Albani. He received into alliance the king of the Iberians, Sarmatians, Bosporani, Arabians, Osdroeni, and Colchians. He obtained the mastery over the Cordueni and Marcomedi, as well as over Anthemusia, an extensive region of Persia. He conquered and kept possession of Seleucia, Ctesiphon, Babylon, and the country of the Messenii. He advanced as far as the boundaries of India, and the Red Sea, where he formed three provinces, Armenia, Assyria, and Mesopotamia, including the tribes which border on Madena. He afterwards, too, reduced Arabia into the form of a province. He also fitted out a fleet for the Red Sea, that he might use it to lay waste the coasts of India.
Yet he went beyond his glory in war, in ability and judgment as a ruler, conducting himself as an equal towards all, going often to his friends as a visitor, either when they were ill, or when they were celebrating feast days, and entertaining them in his turn at banquets where there was no distinction of rank, and sitting frequently with them in their chariots; doing nothing unjust towards any of the senators, nor being guilty of any dishonesty to fill his treasury; exercising liberality to all, enriching with offices of trust, publicly and privately, every body whom he had known even with the least familiarity; building towns throughout the world, granting many immunities to states, and doing every thing with gentleness and kindness; so that during his whole reign, there was but one senator condemned, and he was sentenced by the senate without Trajan's knowledge. Hence, being regarded throughout the world as next to a god, he deservedly obtained the highest veneration both living and dead. . . .
After having gained the greatest glory both in the field and at home, he was cut off, as he was returning from Persia, by a diarrhoea, at Seleucia in Isauria. He died in the sixty-third year, ninth month, and fourth day of his age, and in the nineteenth year, sixth month, and fifteenth day of his reign. He was enrolled among the gods, and was the only one of all the emperors that was buried within the city. His bones, contained in a golden urn, lie in the forum which he himself built, under a pillar whose height is a hundred and forty-four feet. So much respect has been paid to his memory, that, even to our own times, they shout in acclamations to the emperors, "More fortunate than Augustus, better than Trajan!" Blindado
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1ey Arcadius383-408
AE4
Pearl-diademed, draped & cuirassed bust right, D N ARCADIVS P F AVG
Emperor advancing right, seizing bound captive by the hair & carrying labarum, BSISC in ex., GLORIA ROMANORVM
RIC 38c2
Zosimus recorded, [Theodosius] proceeded with his army to the war [against Eugenius], leaving behind him his son Arcadius, who had some time previously been made emperor. . . .
THE whole empire being vested in Arcadius and Honorius, they indeed appeared by their title to possess the sovereign authority, although the universal administration of affairs was under Rufinus in the east, and under Stilico in the west. By these all causes were determined, at their own pleasure; for whoever bribed plentifully, or by any other means of friendship or consanguinity could make the judge his advocate, was sure to succeed in the process. From hence it happened that most of those great estates, which cause the possessors to be generally esteemed fortunate, devolved to these two; since some endeavoured by gifts to avoid false accusations, and others relinquished all their possessions to obtain an office, or in any other manner to purchase the ruin of particular cities. While iniquity of every kind presided, therefore, in the respective cities, the money from all quarters flowed into the coffers of Rufinus and Stilico ; while on the reverse, poverty preyed on the habitations of those who had formerly been rich. Nor were the emperors acquainted with anything that was done, but thought all that Rufinus and Stilico commanded was done by virtue of some unwritten law. After they had amassed immense wealth, Rufinus began to concert the means of becoming emperor, by making his own daughter, who was now marriageable. . . . [A different cabal persuaded Arcadius to marry a different girl.]. . . .
Before this juncture a report had been circulated at Rome, that the emperor Arcadius was dead, which was confirmed after the departure of Arcadius for Ravenna. Stilico being at Ravenna while the emperor was at a city of Aemilia, called Bononia, about seventy miles distant, the emperor sent for him to chastise the soldiers, who mutinied amongst each other by the way. Stilico, therefore, having collected the mutinous troops together, informed them that the emperor had commanded him to correct them for their disobedience, and to punish them by a decimation, or putting to death every tenth man. At this they were in such consternation, that they burst into tears, and desiring him to have compassion on them, prevailed on him to promise them a pardon from the emperor. The emperor having performed what Stilico had promised, they applied themselves to public business. For Stilico was desirous of proceeding to the east to undertake the management of the affairs of Theodosius, the son of Arcadius, who was very young, and in want of a guardian. Honorius himself was also inclined to undertake the same journey, with a design to secure the dominions of that emperor. But Stilico, being displeased at that, and laying before the emperor a calculation of the immense sum of money it would require to defray the expence of such an expedition, deterred him from the enterprise.Blindado
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1fa Honorius393-423
AE3
RIC 403
Pearl diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right, DN HONORIVS PF AVG
Two emperors standing facing, heads turned to one another, each holding spear and resting hand on shield, GLORIA ROMANORVM. Mintmark SMKA.
Zosimus wrote: [Theodosius] proceeded with his army to the war [against Eugenius], leaving behind him his son Arcadius, who had some time previously been made emperor. . . . Having done this, he took with him his younger son Honorius, quickly passed through the intermediate countries, and having exceded his expectations in crossing the Alps, arrived where the enemy was stationed. . . . The emperor Theodosius after these successes proceeded to Rome, where he declared his son Honorius emperor, and appointing Stilico to the command of his forces there, left him as guardian to his son. . . . The emperor Theodosius, having consigned Italy, Spain, Celtica, and Libya to his son Honorius, died of a disease on his journey towards Constantinople. . . .
THE whole empire being vested in Arcadius and Honorius, they indeed appeared by their title to possess the sovereign authority, although the universal administration of affairs was under Rufinus in the east, and under Stilico in the west. By these all causes were determined, at their own pleasure; for whoever bribed plentifully, or by any other means of friendship or consanguinity could make the judge his advocate, was sure to succeed in the process. From hence it happened that most of those great estates, which cause the possessors to be generally esteemed fortunate, devolved to these two; since some endeavoured by gifts to avoid false accusations, and others relinquished all their possessions to obtain an office, or in any other manner to purchase the ruin of particular cities. While iniquity of every kind presided, therefore, in the respective cities, the money from all quarters flowed into the coffers of Rufinus and Stilico ; while on the reverse, poverty preyed on the habitations of those who had formerly been rich. Nor were the emperors acquainted with anything that was done, but thought all that Rufinus and Stilico commanded was done by virtue of some unwritten law. . . .
After the autumn was terminated, and winter had commenced, Bassus and Philippus being chosen consuls, the emperor Honorius, who had long before lost his wife Maria, desired to marry her sister Thermantia. But Stilico appeared not to approve of the match, although it was promoted by Serena, who wished it to take place from these motives. When Maria was about to be married to Honorius, her mother, deeming her too young for the marriage-state and being unwilling to defer the marriage, although she thought that to submit so young and tender a person to the embraces of a man was offering violence to nature, she had recourse to a woman who knew how to manage such affairs, and by her means contrived that Maria should live with the emperor and share his bed, but that he should not have the power to deprive her of virginity. In the meantime Maria died a virgin, and Serena, who, as may readily be supposed, was desirous to become the grandmother of a young emperor or empress, through fear of her influence being diminished, used all her endeavours to marry her other daughter to Honorius. This being accomplished, the young lady shortly afterwards died in the same manner as the former. . . . .
For Stilico was desirous of proceeding to the east to undertake the management of the affairs of Theodosius, the son of Arcadius, who was very young, and in want of a guardian. Honorius himself was also inclined to undertake the same journey, with a design to secure the dominions of that emperor. But Stilico, being displeased at that, and laying before the emperor a calculation of the immense sum of money it would require to defray the expence of such an expedition, deterred him from the enterprise. . . .
In the mean time, the emperor Honorius commanded his wife Thermantia to be taken from the imperial throne, and to be restored to her mother, who notwithstanding was without suspicion. . . . Alaric began his expedition against Rome, and ridiculed the preparations made by Honorius. . . . The emperor Honorius was now entering on the consulship, having enjoyed that honour eight times, and the emperor Theodosius in the east three times. At this juncture the rebel Constantine sent some eunches to Honorius, to intreat pardon from him for having accepted of the empire. When the emperor heard this petition, perceiving that it was not easy for him, since Alaric and his barbarians were so near, to prepare for other wars ; and consulting the safety of his relations who were in the hands of the rebel, whose names were Verenianus and Didymius; he not only granted his request, but likewise sent him an imperial robe. . . .
Note: No ancient source reports the sack of Rome by the Goths in 410, they having besieged the city three times, all while Honorius huddled in a besieged Ravenna. Honorius retained his nominal capacity until he died in 423.Blindado
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701a, Julius Caesar, Imperator and Dictator, assassinated 15 March 44 B.C.Julius Caesar
Of the great man, Joseph Sermarini states,"Gaius Julius Caesar is one of the most famous men in history. At the end of his brilliant military and political career he had gained control of the Roman state. His puppet senate heaped more and more honors upon him. In February 44 B.C. the senate named him dictator for life. Many senators, however, feared that he wished to become king, ending the Republic. On the 15th of March 44 B.C., 63 senators attacked him with knives they had hidden in the folds of their togas. This most famous of assassinations plunged the Roman Republic into 17 years of civil war, after which it would re-emerge as the Roman Empire."
It is not possible to adequately discuss Gaius Julius Caesar within the constraints of this gallery. He was born on either the 12th or the 13th of July in 100 B.C. [most scholars agree upon this date, but it is debated], and he was assassinated on 15 March 44 B.C.
Caesar is arguably the most important figure in Roman history; only Augustus and, perhaps, Constantine the Great made contributions of equivalent magnitude. Caesar was a truly gifted writer, orator, politician and soldier .
Library and book store shelves are crowded with a variety of biographies on this historical giant. Christian Meier, professor of Ancient History at the University of Munich, has written a scholarly as well as intriguing biography of Caesar. It is simply titled Caesar. It was first published in Germany in 1982, and a recently published paper back translation by David McLintock is now available from Fontana Press (a subsidiary of HarperCollins Publishers).
Caesar is fascinating.
J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
Cleisthenes
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Abraham Lincoln 1862 Indian Peace MedalObv: ABRAHAM LINCOLN, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, draped bust of Abraham Lincoln (16th President) facing right, 1862 below.
Rev: In the center, within a circle is a village scene including children playing baseball in front of a school and a church steeple; in the foreground an Indian, wearing full chief's feathered head-dress, operates a horse-drawn plough; in the outer ring, an Indian pulls the hair of a foe, preparing to scalp him with a knife; below and to the left is a quiver of arrows, on the right is a crossed bow and a peace pipe; below center is the head of an Indian princess with eyes closed.
Engravers: Salathiel Ellis (obverse), Joseph Willson (reverse).
Mint: Philadelphia, Date: 1862 (20th Century Restrike), Bronze, Diameter: 76 mmMatt Inglima
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Abraham Lincoln 1862 Indian Peace MedalObv: ABRAHAM LINCOLN, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, draped bust of Abraham Lincoln (16th President) facing right, 1862 below.
Rev: In the center, within a circle is a village scene including children playing baseball in front of a school and a church steeple; in the foreground an Indian, wearing full chief's feathered head-dress, operates a horse-drawn plough; in the outer ring, an Indian pulls the hair of a foe, preparing to scalp him with a knife; below and to the left is a quiver of arrows, on the right is a crossed bow and a peace pipe; below center is the head of an Indian princess with eyes closed.
Engravers: Salathiel Ellis (obverse), Joseph Willson (reverse).
Mint: Philadelphia, Date: 1862 (20th Century Restrike), Bronze, Diameter: 76 mmMatt Inglima
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Abraham Lincoln Emancipation MedalObv: ABRAHAM LINCOLN PRESIDENT UNITED STATES, bust of Lincoln facing right.
Rev: A circle of tulips with the inscription: "MARCH 4, 1861 TO APRIL 15, 1865. - EMANCIPATION PROCLAIMED JAN. 1, 1863 - MEDAL SERIES OF THE U. S. MINT - J. POLLOCK DIRECTOR 1871."
Engraver: William Barber
Mint: Philadelphia, Date: 1871 (20th Century restrike), Bronze, Diameter: 45 mmMatt Inglima
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Andrew Jackson, 1829 Indian Peace MedalObv: ANDREW JACKSON PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, draped bust of Andrew Jackson (7th President) facing right, A.D. 1829 below.
Rev: PEACE AND FRIENDSHIP, two clasped hands, crossed peace pipe and tomahawk above.
Engravers: Mortiz Furst (obverse), John Reich (reverse)
Mint: Philadelphia, Date: 1829 (20th Century Restrike), Bronze, Diameter: 76 mmMatt Inglima
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Andrew Johnson, 1865 Indian Peace MedalObv: ANDREW JOHNSON, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, bust of Andrew Johnson (17th President) facing right, 1865 below.
Rev: Columbia, holding an American flag, clasping hands with an Indian Chief, before a tomb surmounted by a bust of George Washington. At the feet of the Indian are the attributes of native life, and behind him is a buffalo hunt; at the feet of Columbia and behind her are the emblems of maritime and industrial progress.
Engraver: Anthony Paquet
Mint: Philadelphia, Date: 1865 (20th Century restrike), Bronze, Diameter: 76 mmMatt Inglima
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Athens Emergency Issue Plated Tetradrachm Circa 406-404 BCQuote from David Sear:
"Athens was the greatest power in the Greek world throughout most of the 5th century BC. Its famous 'owl' coinage, principally of silver tetradrachms, possibly commenced in 510 BC on the occasion of the downfall of the tyrant Hippias. On these celebrated coins the helmeted head of the goddess Athena was accompanied by her attendant owl and the first three letters of the ethnic 'AQE'. Later, a diadem of olive leaves was added to Athena's helmet and a cresent moon was placed in the reverse field, though the precise chronological significance of these changes remains uncertain. To the intense chagrin of the Spartans Athens became the leader of the Greek states, including those of Ionia, in the epic struggle against the expansionist policies of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. The victories at Salamis (480 BC) and the Eurymedon (circa 467) clearly established the Athenian supremacy in the Aegean world. Initially, the Delian League (founded in 477) was an alliance of independent states sharing a common cause under the leadership of Athens. It gradually developed into an Athenian maritime empire with the member cities obliged to pay an annual tribute into the League's treasury on Delos. In 454 this treasury, amounting to 5,000 talents of silver, was actually removed to Athens and the vast wealth was openly employed for the aggrandizement of the city, now under the leadership of the great statesman Pericles. Vast building projecdts, such as the monumental edifices on the Acropolis, were financed in this way. From 431, however, Athens became embroiled in the protracted Peloponnesian War and increasingly the wealth of the state was dissipated in this futile cause. This attractive tetradrachm belongs to the exceptionally large ouput of Athenian 'owls' made during the second half of the 5th century. In contrast to the artistic development taking place at mints in other parts of the Mediterranean world, the late archaic style of the earlier 5th century became 'frozen' on these issues which represent the first truly imperial coinage of the Greek world. As Athens restricted or forbade the issue of independent currency at many of the cities within her sphere of influence the 'owls' came to circulate over an increasingly wide area. But this all came to an end with the defeat of Athens by Sparta in 404 BC and during the period immediately preceding this catastrophe the Athenians were reduced to the desperate expedient of issuing bronze tetradrachms and drachms with a thin surface coating of silver. This specimen is an excellent example of this emergency coinage the production of which drew contemporary comment from Aristophanes who, in his play Frogs (717ff), compares the decline in the quality of the leading citizens with the recent debasement of the Athenian coinage."
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Athens, Greece, Old Style Tetradrachm, 449 - 413 B.C.Silver tetradrachm, SNG Cop 31 ff., SGCV I 2526, VF, near full crest, Athens mint, 16.410g, 25.1mm, 90o. Obverse: head of Athena right, almond shaped eye, crested helmet with olive leaves and floral scroll, wire necklace, round earring, hair in parallel curves; Reverse: AQE right, owl standing right, head facing, erect in posture, olive sprig and crescent left, all within incuse square.
This coin is one of the most familiar of all the coins struck throughout the ancient Mediterranean. The images of Athena and her Owl, while not static, changed undramatically, in an unhurried and deliberate way. Although its production rests firmly during the time that numismatists call the Classical era (479 BC --336 BC), this coin's "style" better reflects the earlier Archaic period.
The Athenian "Owl" (until its debasement as a result of the Peloponnesian War) was the standard of its day. Between the late 5th century BC and the late 3rd century BC, these coins were the currency against which all other coins were measured. This high esteem was due to the Athenian tetradrachms' consistent weight and quality of silver.
"The little elf-like owl dear to ancient Athens had greenish-blue-gray eyes that could see clearly where humans could not. Glaukopis -- the "shining eyed one" was often shortened to glaux, a nickname for the tetradrachm that bore the owl's likeness" (http://notes.utk.edu/bio/unistudy.nsf/0/da0222e2e80272fd85256785001683e4?OpenDocument).
It is only with the emergence of the Imperial coinage of Alexander the Great (beginning quickly after his ascension to the throne in 336 BC) that the ancient world had another coin as widely accepted. As Martin J. Price notes, "“The impressive list of twenty-three mints on Asian soil and one in Egypt, all used to strike Alexander’s imperial coinage during his lifetime, shows that there was a conscious policy of providing this form of money on an empire-wide basis" (Price, Martin J. The Coinage in the Name of Alexander the Great and Philip Arrhidaeus. Zurich: The Swiss Numismatic Society in Association with British Museum Press, 1991. 72).
More than two millennia after the Athenian Tetracrachm was first struck, the 26th President of The United States, Theodore Roosevelt (b. 1858; d. 1919), is said to have carried an Athenian "Owl" in his pocket--to remind him just how beautiful a coin could be.
J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
Cleisthenes
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Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company Centennial Medal, 1927Text from the original information card:
"This medal is issued on the one hundredth birthday of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company to commemorate not merely an important milestone in its own history but the rounding out of a century of a definite American railroad achievement.
The Baltimore & Ohio was the first American railroad to operate its line for the public handling of passengers and freight. This was early in 1830. In all the one hundred years of its life it has changed neither its corporate name, its charter, nor its fundamental organization.
The obverse of the medal depicts one of the most modern trains of the Baltimore & Ohio - The Capitol Limited or The National Limited - drawn by one of the largest and most modern passenger locomotives built. The Spirit of Transportation guides the locomotive in its onward flight. [Inscription: ONE HUNDRED YEARS - SAFETY STRENGTH SPEED.]
The reverse shows the Tom Thumb, designed by Alderman Peter Cooper of New York and the first steam locomotive to be built in the United States, even though it was never put into practical service. [Inscription: THE BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD COMPANY 1827 - 1927.]
Mr. Hans Schuler, director of the Maryland Institute in Baltimore, is the sculptor who designed the medal and it was reproduced direct from his models by the Medallic Art Company of New York City."Matt Inglima
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BOEOTIA. Thebes. AR Stater.Circa 425-400 B.C. AR Stater (12.08gm, 20mm, 5h). BCD Boiotia-388; Head Pg. 36-classy, pl. III#8; SNG Cop. 286. Obverse: Boeotian shield with club across lower half. Reverse: Volute amphora with fluted shoulders, Θ-E across fields, all within incuse square. Well struck on a very good metal. Struck in high relief. Scarce variety. Choice aEF.
Ex Pars Coins
The coins of Boeotia prominently feature the Boeotian shield on its obverse. This particular coin we have from the city-state of Thebes was minted between 425-400 B.C. during the Peloponnesian War. Thebes, at that time, alongside the rest of the 10 Boeotian poleis, sided with the Peloponnesian League under the hegemony of Sparta against the Athenian Empire. The Boeotian Confederation instituted a form of federal coinage based on the Aeginetic standard. A particular period of Theban coinage reached its numismatic artistic merit at around the same period that this coin was minted (425-400 B.C). Although the obverse always shows the shield, the reverse features the head of Dionysos, Herakles or a volute amphora. The amphora eventually became more popular after 400 B.C on the reverse of most Boeotian coin. Early staters showing the amphora on the reverse could be identified by a rounder vase and the city ethnic in the field and all are contained within a square incuse. Later coinage features the same amphora on the reverse and generally includes various magistrates name and less of the city’s ethnic and all are within a round incuse. The obverse also has a more distinct rounder shield on later coinage. At this later date in the mid- 4th century B.C. Thebes was the leading power in Greece and almost united all the Greek city states, freed Messene from Sparta and subdued the latter. Ironically, this paved the way for Macedonian conquest of Greece and in the process, destroyed Thebes and sold its population into slavery by Alexander the Great in 335 B.C.
Jason T
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Bowl #2Roman
1st century AD
86 mm (w) x 30 mm (h)
(3 3/8" x 1 3/16”)
Description:
Red glazed, barbotine decoration around the rim in the form of stylized ivy leaves, loss to one side of rim, chips. Although acquired in North Africa in the first half of the 20th century by earlier collectors (see provenance below), a recognized antiquities expert states, “The bowl is likely of European manufacture and was exported in antiquity to the Roman North African colonies. I say this as the red slip is a little bit finer and glossier than the Roman North African local production (mostly around modern Tunisia). Also, this barbotine decoration was very popular throughout the Roman Empire and therefore widely exported/traded.”
Ex-private collection, Paris, France; inherited and formerly acquired in North Africa during the early to mid-20th century.Kamnaskires
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Brandenburg, German States. 1695 Silver 6 Pfennig. German States, Brandenburg. 1695 Silver 6 Pfennig.
Obv: Crowned displayed eagle with shield of scepter arms on breast.
Rev: Large '6' above 4-line inscription PF:BRAN DENB:LAND MVNTZ 1695.
KM# 569
Denomination 6 Pfennig
Country German States\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\Brandenburg
Government Electorate and Margraviate
Mint Mindenancientone
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Byzantine Anonymous Follis: Class A1 - Imitative [001]6.88 grams
26.3 mm
Imitative anonymous follis imitating the official Class A type under John I. Possibly of Balkan, or Asia Minor origin. Struck ca. 970 – 980 AD. Double struck, with crude, retrograde, and/or blundered legends on both obverse and reverse.
See Lampinen Imitative p. 154 for a similar imitative pieces where he writes, "The second phase of Balkan coinage production goes into high gear with the introduction of the anonymous follis series during the reign of John I (969 - 976). The explicit Christian imagery must have struck a chord with the recently converted Balkan masses because the official mint issues were accompanied by a fair quantity of copies, to meet the excess demand. These Christian issues would also be the prototypes for the initial coinage of several medieval Christian states, such as the first Crusader issues of Edessa and Antioch, medieval Armenia and distant Georgia in the Caucasus."
(photo and comments courtesy FORVM Ancient Coins)
cmcdon0923
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Byzantine Anonymous Follis: Class A1 - Imitative [002]6.03 grams
24.8 mm
Imitative anonymous follis imitating the official Class A type under John I. Possibly of Balkan, or Asia Minor origin. Struck ca. 970 – 980 AD. Double struck, with crude, retrograde, and/or blundered legends on both obverse and reverse.
See Lampinen Imitative p. 154 for a similar imitative pieces where he writes, "The second phase of Balkan coinage production goes into high gear with the introduction of the anonymous follis series during the reign of John I (969 - 976). The explicit Christian imagery must have struck a chord with the recently converted Balkan masses because the official mint issues were accompanied by a fair quantity of copies, to meet the excess demand. These Christian issues would also be the prototypes for the initial coinage of several medieval Christian states, such as the first Crusader issues of Edessa and Antioch, medieval Armenia and distant Georgia in the Caucasus."
(photo and comments courtesy FORVM Ancient Coins)cmcdon0923
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Byzantine Period, Crusader States, County of Edessa. Baldwin II , Second reign (1108-1118) . Æ FollisCRUSADER STATES . County of Edessa. Baldwin II , Second reign (1108-1118) . Æ Follis
Æ Follis. 8.35 g. Heavy issue .
Obverse : armed warrior standing left holding sword and shield .
Reverse : True Cross on two-stepped base , large pellet in each upper angle , three pellets and sprig in each lower angle .
( Obverse - overstruck on Richard Class 3 reverse , trace of Δ in circular legend and on Baldwin Class 2 reverse long cross , pellets , X and B in first and second angles ;
Reverse - on bust of Christ Baldwin Class 2 obverse ;
CCS 7 ; Slocum 11 ; Porteous, NC 1975 Class 3 ;
Porteous, NC 1975 Plate 16 , 38 (this coin) ; Ex. John Slocum collection , Sothebys London sale 6-7 March 1997 lot 11 ( illustrated Pl.1). Ex Jean Elsen Sale
Vladislav D
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Confederate States of America: Office of the Treasure Receipt $20,110.50 September 26, 1861A receipt for the deposit of $20,000 plus $110.50 in interest due to the first bond act of February 28, 1861. It is signed by the Treasurer of the Confederate States, Edward C. ElmoreQuant.Geek
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Confederate States of America: Office of the Treasure Receipt $20,110.50 September 26, 1861A receipt for the deposit of $20,000 plus $110.50 in interest due to the first bond act of February 28, 1861. It is signed by the Treasurer of the Confederate States, Edward C. ElmoreQuant.Geek
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Confederate States of America: T-58 1863 $20 (Back)Tennessee State Capitol, Nashville. Bust of Alexander H. Stephens, vice-president of the Confederate States, at lower right. Blue ornate reverse with denomination. Plain and watermarked paper (CSA block, CSA block with wavy borderline, J Whatman 1862 and Hodgkinson & Co. Wookey Hole Mill). The J Whatman and Hodgkinson watermarks are very rare.
Overprinted at right end with month of issue, April 1863 to October 1863. 1st, 2nd and 3rd Series and without series. Over 100 plate letter (A to H), printer’s imprint and paper variety combinations. As usual, date overprints and minor varieties increase this number considerably. 4,428,000 notes.Quant.Geek
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Confederate States of America: T-58 1863 $20 (Front)Tennessee State Capitol, Nashville. Bust of Alexander H. Stephens, vice-president of the Confederate States, at lower right. Blue ornate reverse with denomination. Plain and watermarked paper (CSA block, CSA block with wavy borderline, J Whatman 1862 and Hodgkinson & Co. Wookey Hole Mill). The J Whatman and Hodgkinson watermarks are very rare.
Overprinted at right end with month of issue, April 1863 to October 1863. 1st, 2nd and 3rd Series and without series. Over 100 plate letter (A to H), printer’s imprint and paper variety combinations. As usual, date overprints and minor varieties increase this number considerably. 4,428,000 notes.Quant.Geek
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Cr 372/1 - Postumia 7 DenariusA. Postumius Albinus
Denarius serratus, 81 BC
Draped bust of Diana r., with bow and quiver over shoulder; above head, bucranium. / A·POST·A·F· – S·N·ALBIN Togate figure r. standing l. on rock, holding aspergillum over bull; between them, lighted altar.
Babelon Postumia 7. Sydenham 745. Crawford 372/1.
Ex John Quincy Adams Collection, 6th President of the United States, and His Descendants, ex Massachusetts Historical Society Collection, ex Stack’s Sale, 5-6 March 1971, Lot # 626
Bought by Christian Blom, then sold to Smithsonian Institution underwater archaeologist Mendel Peterson, then to D.C. coin dealer Gene Brandenburg, then to me.Sosius
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CRUSADER STATES, County of Edessa, Baldwin II, Second reign (1108-1118)CRUSADER STATES, County of Edessa, Baldwin II, Second reign (1108-1118),
Æ Follis, Small Module 3.8 gr., Baldwin standing left, wearing conical helmet and chain-armor, holding long cross in right and and holding sword in left, rev., cross fleuronnée with scroll at base and pellets in the angles . CCS 9 - 10Vladislav D
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CRUSADER STATES, County of Edessa, Baldwin II, Second reign (1108-1118)CRUSADER STATES, County of Edessa, Baldwin II, Second reign (1108-1118),
Æ Follis, Small Module, Baldwin standing left, wearing conical helmet and chain-armor, holding long cross in right and and holding sword in left, rev., cross fleuronnée with scroll at base and pellets in the angles . CCS 10Vladislav D
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CRUSADER STATES, County of Edessa, Baldwin II, Second reign (1108-1118)CRUSADER STATES, County of Edessa, Baldwin II, Second reign (1108-1118),
Æ Follis, Small Module, Baldwin standing left, wearing conical helmet and chain-armor, holding long cross in right and and holding sword in left, rev., cross fleuronnée with scroll at base and pellets in the angles . CCS - 9?Vladislav D
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CRUSADER STATES, County of Edessa, Baldwin II, Second reign (1108-1118)CRUSADER STATES, County of Edessa, Baldwin II, Second reign (1108-1118),
Æ Follis, 3.55g., Small Module, Baldwin standing left, wearing conical helmet and chain-armor, holding long cross in right and and holding sword in left, rev., cross fleuronnée with scroll at base and pellets in the angles . CCS 10Vladislav D
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CRUSADER STATES, County of Edessa, Baldwin II, Second reign (1108-1118),CRUSADER STATES, County of Edessa, Baldwin II, Second reign (1108-1118),
Æ Follis, 4.00g., Small Module, overstruck on earlier type, [BAΓΔOINOC] ΔO[YΛO CTAY Baldwin standing left, wearing conical helmet and chain-armor, holding long cross in right hand and holding sword in left, rev., cross fleuronnée with scroll at base and pellets in the angles . CCS 10
Ex York Coins .Vladislav D
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CRUSADER STATES, County of Edessa, Baldwin II, Second reign (1108-1118). CRUSADER STATES, County of Edessa, Baldwin II, Second reign (1108-1118).
Small Module AE follis 22 mm / 3.1 g.
Baldwin standing left, wearing conical helmet and chain-armor, holding long cross in right hand and resting left hand on shield.
B-H-Δ-N, around small cross.
Cf. Metcalf, Crusades 113-114; Schlumberger pl. I, 10; CCS 11.
Overstruck on an earlier issue of Baldwin II CCS 9
Vladislav D
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Crusader States, Normans of Sicily, William II, AD 1166-1189, AE Trifollaro, Spahr 117.Crusader States, Sicily, William II, AD 1166-1189, AE Trifollaro (24-25 mm), 8,82 g.
Obv.: Facing head of lioness within circle of dots.
Re.: Palm tree with five branches and two bunches of dates, within circle of dots.
Biaggi 1231, Spahr 117 ; Grie 210 (Roger II); Thom 2480 .
William II of Sicily (1153-1189), called the Good, was king of Sicily and Naples from 1166 to 1189.
William was only thirteen years old at the death of his father William I, when he was placed under the regency of his mother, Margaret of Navarre.
Until the king came of age in 1171 the government was controlled first by the chancellor Stephen du Perche, cousin of Margaret (1166-1168), and then by Walter Ophamil, archbishop of Palermo, and Matthew of Ajello, the vice-chancellor.
William's character is very indistinct. Lacking in military enterprise, secluded and pleasure-loving, he seldom emerged from his palace life at Palermo. Yet his reign is marked by an ambitious foreign policy and a vigorous diplomacy. Champion of the papacy and in secret league with the Lombard cities he was able to defy the common enemy, Frederick I Barbarossa. In 1174 and 1175 he made treaties with Genoa and Venice and his marriage in February 1177 with Joan, daughter of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine, marks his high position in European politics.
In July 1177, he sent a delegation of Archbishop Romuald of Salerno and Count Roger of Andria to sign the Treaty of Venice with the emperor. To secure the peace, he sanctioned the marriage of his aunt Constance, daughter of Roger II, with Frederick's son Henry, afterwards the emperor Henry VI, causing a general oath to be taken to her as his successor in case of his death without heirs. This step, fatal to the Norman kingdom, was possibly taken that William might devote himself to foreign conquests.
Unable to revive the African dominion, William directed his attack on Egypt, from which Saladin threatened the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem. In July 1174, 50,000 men were landed before Alexandria, but Saladin's arrival forced the Sicilians to re-embark in disorder. A better prospect opened in the confusion in Byzantine affairs which followed the death of Manuel Comnenus (1180), and William took up the old design and feud against Constantinople. Durazzo was captured (June 11, 1185). Afterwards while the army marched upon Thessalonica, the fleet sailed towards the same target capturing on their way the Ionian islands of Corfu, Cephalonia,Ithaca and Zakynthos. In August Thessalonica surrendered to the joint attack of the Sicilian fleet and army.
The troops then marched upon the capital, but the troop of the emperor Isaac Angelus overthrew the invaders on the banks of the Strymon (September 7, 1185). Thessalonica was at once abandoned and in 1189 William made peace with Isaac, abandoning all the conquests. He was now planning to induce the crusading armies of the West to pass through his territories, and seemed about to play a leading part in the Third Crusade. His admiral Margarito, a naval genius equal to George of Antioch, with 60 vessels kept the eastern Mediterranean open for the Franks, and forced the all-victorious Saladin to retire from before Tripoli in the spring of 1188.
In November 1189 William died, leaving no children. Though Orderic Vitalis records a (presumably short-lived) son in 1181: Bohemond, Duke of Apulia. His title of "the Good" is due perhaps less to his character than to the cessation of internal troubles in his reign. The "Voyage" of Ibn Jubair, a traveller in Sicily in 1183-1185, shows William surrounded by Muslim women and eunuchs, speaking and reading Arabic and living like "a Moslem king."
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
my ancient coin database
Arminius
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Cybele enthroned, with lion, cornucopia, and mural crown. Roman marble, c. 50 AD. Getty MuseumCybele enthroned, with lion, cornucopia, and mural crown. Roman marble, c. 50 AD. Getty Museum
Cybele is an Anatolian mother goddess. Phrygia's only known goddess, she was probably its national deity. Greek colonists in Asia Minor adopted and adapted her Phrygian cult and spread it to mainland Greece and to the more distant western Greek colonies around the 6th century BC.
In Greece, Cybele met with a mixed reception. She became partially assimilated to aspects of the Earth-goddess Gaia, of her possibly Minoan equivalent Rhea, and of the harvest–mother goddess Demeter. Some city-states, notably Athens, evoked her as a protector, but her most celebrated Greek rites and processions show her as an essentially foreign, exotic mystery-goddess who arrives in a lion-drawn chariot to the accompaniment of wild music, wine, and a disorderly, ecstatic following. Uniquely in Greek religion, she had a eunuch mendicant priesthood. Many of her Greek cults included rites to a divine Phrygian castrate shepherd-consort Attis, who was probably a Greek invention. In Greece, Cybele became associated with mountains, town and city walls, fertile nature, and wild animals, especially lions.
In Rome, Cybele became known as Magna Mater ("Great Mother"). The Roman state adopted and developed a particular form of her cult after the Sibylline oracle in 205 BC recommended her conscription as a key religious ally in Rome's second war against Carthage (218 to 201 BC). Roman mythographers reinvented her as a Trojan goddess, and thus an ancestral goddess of the Roman people by way of the Trojan prince Aeneas. As Rome eventually established hegemony over the Mediterranean world, Romanized forms of Cybele's cults spread throughout Rome's empire. Greek and Roman writers debated and disputed the meaning and morality of her cults and priesthoods, which remain controversial subjects in modern scholarshipJoe Sermarini
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Decentius AE Barbarous Imitation (Victories/wreath) v.1MAGNUS DECENTIUS as Caesar, AD 350-3
AE Barbarous Imitation (22.14mm, 5.06g, 6h)
Likely struck AD 350-3
Imitation of the Lugdunum mint
Obverse: [D N D]ECENTI-VS CAESAR, bare-headed, draped and/or cuirassed bust of Decentius right
Reverse: VICT[? ? ? ? ?] VG ET CES, two Victories standing facing each other, holding between them wreath encircling VOT [? ?] [MVLT] X which is resting on short column; [?]PLG in exergue
These 'unofficial' issues were struck to help alleviate severe local shortages of coinage.
From the collection of Commodore Daniel Turner (1794-1850), naval veteran of the War of 1812 and later captain of the USS Constitution.
The son of a naval officer, Daniel Turner (born 1794, Staten Island, New York) began his own career in the United States Navy as a midshipman on January 1, 1808, at the age of fourteen. Following brief duty at the New York Naval Station, he served aboard the USS Constitution on the North Atlantic Station. On June 17, 1810, he transferred to the frigate President and remained there until June 1812, when he was ordered to Norwich, Connecticut to command the gunboats there. On March 12, 1813, Turner received his commission as a lieutenant.
On March 14, two days later, Turner was sent to Sackett's Harbor, New York, located on the shores of Lake Erie. There, he took command of Niagara, a brig in Oliver Hazard Perry's squadron. However, just before the Battle of Lake Erie, he relinquished command to Captain Jesse D. Elliott and assumed command of Caledonia. The little brig played an important role in the battle on September 10, 1813, because, at one point in the action, her two 24-pounder long guns were the only ones in Perry's flotilla capable of returning the distant fire of the three heaviest Royal Navy ships then in the process of pounding Perry's flagship Lawrence. For his part in the American victory at Lake Erie, Lt. Turner received the praise of Perry, a vote of thanks and a medal from Congress, and a sword from the state of New York.
In the summer of 1814, Turner succeeded to the command of schooner Scorpion, and he cruised Lakes Erie and Huron in her supporting army operations around Detroit and blockading British forces at the Nottawasaga River and Lake Simcoe. On September 6, 1814, Turner and his command were captured by the British when he brought Scorpion alongside the former American schooner Tigress which, unbeknownst to him, had been captured a few days earlier. After a period of imprisonment at Fort Mackinac, Lt. Turner returned to the United States in exchange for a British prisoner of war.
Between 1815 and 1817, Turner cruised the Mediterranean in the frigate Java commanded by his old superior on the Great Lakes, Oliver Hazard Perry. During that deployment, Java visited Algiers and Tripoli in a show of American naval strength calculated to impress the Barbary pirates and intimidate them into honoring their treaties with the United States. In 1817, Java returned to Newport, Rhode Island, to be laid up.
Between 1819 and 1824, Turner returned to sea in the schooner Nonsuch attached to a squadron commanded again by Oliver Hazard Perry. In addition to hunting West Indian pirates, his ship sailed up the Orinoco River to carry Perry on a diplomatic mission to the Venezuelan government under Simon Bolivar. During the return downriver, Perry and many of the crew contracted yellow fever. Turner was close at hand when his mentor died at Trinidad on August 23, 1819. During the remaining years of Turner's assignment to Nonsuch, his ship worked along the east coast of the United States, patrolled in the West Indies to suppress piracy, and made a brief cruise to the Mediterranean in 1824.
Following shore duty at Boston, Massachusetts, Turner returned to sea in 1827 for a three-year assignment with the West India Squadron, as the commanding officer of Erie. In 1830, he came ashore again for three years at the Portsmouth Navy Yard.
Promoted to captain on March 3, 1835, Turner spent a long period waiting orders before returning to sea in 1839 in command of USS Constitution. He sailed the Pacific Squadron in "Old Ironsides," until he was relieved in 1841. From 1843 to 1846, he commanded the American squadron which operated along the Brazilian coast. From that duty, he reported ashore again as Commandant, Portsmouth Navy Yard.
Captain Daniel Turner died suddenly on February 4, 1850 at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and he was buried in Greenmount Cemetery in Baltimore, Maryland.
(Adapted and compiled from the Foster History and the USS Constitution Museum websites)
In addition to being a competent naval commander, Daniel Turner was also a keen coin collector, and during his career he accumulated a large collection of nearly three hundred ancient coins, which he stored in a wooden chest along with his own handwritten labels. In 2015, 165 years after the Commodore's death, the Turner descendants consigned this collection to Cowan’s Auction house of Cincinnati, Ohio.CPK
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Diocletian Post-Reform Radiate (CONCORDIA MILITVM, RIC VI 21) v.1DIOCLETIAN, AD 284-305
AE Post-Reform Radiate (20.65mm, 3.00g,1h)
Struck AD 295-298. Heraclea mint
Obverse: IMP C C VAL DIOCLETIANVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust of Diocletian right
Reverse: CONCORDIA MIL-ITVM, Diocletian, in military attire, standing right, holding short scepter and receiving Victory on globe from Jupiter standing left, holding long vertical scepter; H A in lower field
References: RIC VI 21, RCV 12833
From the collection of Commodore Daniel Turner (1794-1850), naval veteran of the War of 1812 and later captain of the USS Constitution.
The son of a naval officer, Daniel Turner (born 1794, Staten Island, New York) began his own career in the United States Navy as a midshipman on January 1, 1808, at the age of fourteen. Following brief duty at the New York Naval Station, he served aboard the USS Constitution on the North Atlantic Station. On June 17, 1810, he transferred to the frigate President and remained there until June 1812, when he was ordered to Norwich, Connecticut to command the gunboats there. On March 12, 1813, Turner received his commission as a lieutenant.
On March 14, two days later, Turner was sent to Sackett's Harbor, New York, located on the shores of Lake Erie. There, he took command of Niagara, a brig in Oliver Hazard Perry's squadron. However, just before the Battle of Lake Erie, he relinquished command to Captain Jesse D. Elliott and assumed command of Caledonia. The little brig played an important role in the battle on September 10, 1813, because, at one point in the action, her two 24-pounder long guns were the only ones in Perry's flotilla capable of returning the distant fire of the three heaviest Royal Navy ships then in the process of pounding Perry's flagship Lawrence. For his part in the American victory at Lake Erie, Lt. Turner received the praise of Perry, a vote of thanks and a medal from Congress, and a sword from the state of New York.
In the summer of 1814, Turner succeeded to the command of schooner Scorpion, and he cruised Lakes Erie and Huron in her supporting army operations around Detroit and blockading British forces at the Nottawasaga River and Lake Simcoe. On September 6, 1814, Turner and his command were captured by the British when he brought Scorpion alongside the former American schooner Tigress which, unbeknownst to him, had been captured a few days earlier. After a period of imprisonment at Fort Mackinac, Lt. Turner returned to the United States in exchange for a British prisoner of war.
Between 1815 and 1817, Turner cruised the Mediterranean in the frigate Java commanded by his old superior on the Great Lakes, Oliver Hazard Perry. During that deployment, Java visited Algiers and Tripoli in a show of American naval strength calculated to impress the Barbary pirates and intimidate them into honoring their treaties with the United States. In 1817, Java returned to Newport, Rhode Island, to be laid up.
Between 1819 and 1824, Turner returned to sea in the schooner Nonsuch attached to a squadron commanded again by Oliver Hazard Perry. In addition to hunting West Indian pirates, his ship sailed up the Orinoco River to carry Perry on a diplomatic mission to the Venezuelan government under Simon Bolivar. During the return downriver, Perry and many of the crew contracted yellow fever. Turner was close at hand when his mentor died at Trinidad on August 23, 1819. During the remaining years of Turner's assignment to Nonsuch, his ship worked along the east coast of the United States, patrolled in the West Indies to suppress piracy, and made a brief cruise to the Mediterranean in 1824.
Following shore duty at Boston, Massachusetts, Turner returned to sea in 1827 for a three-year assignment with the West India Squadron, as the commanding officer of Erie. In 1830, he came ashore again for three years at the Portsmouth Navy Yard.
Promoted to captain on March 3, 1835, Turner spent a long period waiting orders before returning to sea in 1839 in command of USS Constitution. He sailed the Pacific Squadron in "Old Ironsides," until he was relieved in 1841. From 1843 to 1846, he commanded the American squadron which operated along the Brazilian coast. From that duty, he reported ashore again as Commandant, Portsmouth Navy Yard.
Captain Daniel Turner died suddenly on February 4, 1850 at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and he was buried in Greenmount Cemetery in Baltimore, Maryland.
(Adapted and compiled from the Foster History and the USS Constitution Museum websites)
In addition to being a competent naval commander, Daniel Turner was also a keen coin collector, and during his career he accumulated a large collection of nearly three hundred ancient coins, which he stored in a wooden chest along with his own handwritten labels. In 2015, 165 years after the Commodore's death, the Turner descendants consigned this collection to Cowan’s Auction house of Cincinnati, Ohio.CPK
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Extremely rare! Gold 1/2 fanam (1/4 rupee in gold), Shah Alam II (1759-1806) as "Shahi Gohar Alam", mintless type, Mughal EmpireExtremely rare! Gold 1/2 fanam (1/4 rupee in gold), Shah Alam II (1759-1806) as "Shahi Gohar Alam", mintless type, Mughal Empire
Notes: Persian inscription divided with a line: Shah Gohari / Alam * and date ((11)83=1768 AD) / Blank. Mintless type. 7mm, 0.18 grams. Herrli "Gold Fanams" - (listed for a fanam as #8.08.05, mentioned as existing for 1/2 fanam but not illustrated (same die as this half fanam?)).
"Gohar Shah" was the title Shah Alam II used as a Prince (also, the Marathas sometimes struck coins giving this name to Shah Alam II). Herrli could not find an example with a readable word in the second line ("Alam") and reported it as "unread text" - this word is very clear on this coin, completing the reading of the inscriptions on this type.
Gold fanams (weighing 0.36 grams and equal to 1/32nd of a mohur or 1/2 rupee in gold) in the name of various Mughal Emperors are perhaps the most obscure Mughal coins, poorly studied and mostly unlisted in various catalogues. They were issued in various mints, but are often difficult to attribute because of the mint is not readable or absent. This difficulty in attribution is evident from the fact that these coins were attributed to different States, dynasties, people and governors by various scholars.
Half-fanams (weighing about 0.17-0.18 grams and equal to 1/64th mohur or 1/4 rupee in gold) are much more rare and more obscure than the whole fanams. They are unpublished in all catalogues, but were recently mentioned by Herrli in "Gold fanams" for the first time, though not illustrated. These 1/2 fanams were struck from the same dies as the whole fanams, but are much scarcer and extremely difficult to find.Antonivs Protti
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Extremely rare! Gold 1/2 fanam (1/4 rupee in gold), Shah Alam II (1759-1806) as "Shahi Gohar Alam", mintless type, Mughal EmpireExtremely rare! Gold 1/2 fanam (1/4 rupee in gold), Shah Alam II (1759-1806) as "Shahi Gohar Alam", mintless type, Mughal Empire
Notes: Persian inscription divided with a line: Shah Gohari / Alam * and date ((11)83=1768 AD) / Blank. Mintless type. 7mm, 0.18 grams. Herrli "Gold Fanams" - (listed for a fanam as #8.08.05, mentioned as existing for 1/2 fanam but not illustrated (same die as this half fanam?)).
"Gohar Shah" was the title Shah Alam II used as a Prince (also, the Marathas sometimes struck coins giving this name to Shah Alam II). Herrli could not find an example with a readable word in the second line ("Alam") and reported it as "unread text" - this word is very clear on this coin, completing the reading of the inscriptions on this type.
Gold fanams (weighing 0.36 grams and equal to 1/32nd of a mohur or 1/2 rupee in gold) in the name of various Mughal Emperors are perhaps the most obscure Mughal coins, poorly studied and mostly unlisted in various catalogues. They were issued in various mints, but are often difficult to attribute because of the mint is not readable or absent. This difficulty in attribution is evident from the fact that these coins were attributed to different States, dynasties, people and governors by various scholars.
Half-fanams (weighing about 0.17-0.18 grams and equal to 1/64th mohur or 1/4 rupee in gold) are much more rare and more obscure than the whole fanams. They are unpublished in all catalogues, but were recently mentioned by Herrli in "Gold fanams" for the first time, though not illustrated. These 1/2 fanams were struck from the same dies as the whole fanams, but are much scarcer and extremely difficult to find. Antonivs Protti
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Extremely rare! Gold 1/2 fanam (1/4 rupee in gold), Shah Alam II (1759-1806) as "Shahi Gohar Alam", mintless type, Mughal EmpireExtremely rare! Gold 1/2 fanam (1/4 rupee in gold), Shah Alam II (1759-1806) as "Shahi Gohar Alam", mintless type, Mughal Empire
Notes: Persian inscription divided with a line: Shah Gohari / Alam * and date ((11)83=1768 AD) / Blank. Mintless type. 7mm, 0.18 grams. Herrli "Gold Fanams" - (listed for a fanam as #8.08.05, mentioned as existing for 1/2 fanam but not illustrated (same die as this half fanam?)).
"Gohar Shah" was the title Shah Alam II used as a Prince (also, the Marathas sometimes struck coins giving this name to Shah Alam II). Herrli could not find an example with a readable word in the second line ("Alam") and reported it as "unread text" - this word is very clear on this coin, completing the reading of the inscriptions on this type.
Gold fanams (weighing 0.36 grams and equal to 1/32nd of a mohur or 1/2 rupee in gold) in the name of various Mughal Emperors are perhaps the most obscure Mughal coins, poorly studied and mostly unlisted in various catalogues. They were issued in various mints, but are often difficult to attribute because of the mint is not readable or absent. This difficulty in attribution is evident from the fact that these coins were attributed to different States, dynasties, people and governors by various scholars.
Half-fanams (weighing about 0.17-0.18 grams and equal to 1/64th mohur or 1/4 rupee in gold) are much more rare and more obscure than the whole fanams. They are unpublished in all catalogues, but were recently mentioned by Herrli in "Gold fanams" for the first time, though not illustrated. These 1/2 fanams were struck from the same dies as the whole fanams, but are much scarcer and extremely difficult to find.Antonivs Protti
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Franklin Pierce, 1853 Indian Peace MedalObv: FRANKLIN PIERCE, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, bare head of Franklin Pierce (14th President) facing left; 1853 below.
Rev: A settler and a Native American standing, facing each other before an American flag; "LABOR," "VIRTUE," and "HONOR" inscribed above within three oval-shaped links of chain-like scroll; field landscape in background.
Engravers: Salathiel Ellis (obverse), Joseph Willson (reverse).
Mint: Philadelphia, Date: 1853 (20th Century Restrike), Bronze, Diameter: 76 mmMatt Inglima
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GallienusAugust 253 - 24 March 268 A.D.
Bronze antoninianus
2.27 g, 19.8 mm
Obv.: GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right
Rev.: IOVI PROPVGNAT, Jupiter standing facing, head right, thunderbolt in right, cloak flying from left, XI left
RIC V-1 214; Göbl 641a; Sear 10244; Rome mint, 260 - 268 A.D.
Ex Forvm; Ex John Quincy Adams Collection, 6th President of the United States, and His Descendants, ex Massachusetts Historical Society Collection, ex Stack’s Sale , 5-6 March 1971, Coin No. 907Jaimelai
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George Washington, 1789 Indian Peace MedalObv: GEORGE WASHINGTON PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, bust of Washington (1st President) facing right, 1789 below.
Rev: PEACE AND FRIENDSHIP, two clasped hands, crossed peace pipe and tomahawk above.
Note: Despite the fact that this medal uses a portrait of George Washington made in the 1780's by French engraver Pierre Duvivier, no peace medals of this type were distributed during his administration. This medal, with the Reich "Peace" reverse, was most likely produced in the 1820's as part of the U.S. Mint's Presidential series.
Engravers: Pierre Simon Duvivier (obverse), John Reich (reverse)
Mint: Philadelphia, Date: 1789 (20th Century Restrike), Bronze, Diameter: 76 mmMatt Inglima
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German State - Lubeck 1732 8 SchillingLubeck 1732
Silver 8 Schilling
Weight: 5.3 grams
Size: 30mmrexesq
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German State - Mecklenburg Schwerin 1774 SchillingMecklenburg Schwerin 1774
One Schillingrexesq
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German State - Wurttenburg Silver Kreuzer - 1868Wurttenburg
1868 Silver Kreuzer
obv:
K. WURTTENBURG SCHEIDEMUNZE - Coat of arms, crown atop.
rev:
1 KREUZER 1868 - Inside wreath.rexesq
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German State - Wurttenburg Silver Kreuzer - 1868.Wurttenburg
1868 Silver Kreuzer
obv:
K. WURTTENBURG SCHEIDEMUNZE - Coat of arms, crown atop.
rev:
1 KREUZER 1868 - Inside wreath.
rexesq
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German States, Baden. AR 3 Kreuzer 1841.German States, Baden. AR 3 Kreuzer 1841. Crowned arms between two griffins / 3 KREUZER 1841 within wreath.
KM 211
325,000 minted.
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German States, Baden. Copper Kreuzer 1867.German States, Baden. Copper Kreuzer 1867. BADEN, crowned griffins holding crowned arms, SCHEIDE MUNZE / 1 KREUZER 1867 within wreath.
KM 242
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German States, Bavaria. Ludwig I 1825 - 1848. Copper pfennig. 1831German States, Bavaria. Ludwig I 1825 - 1848. Copper pfennig. 1831. Crowned arms / value and date.
KM 384
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German States, Bavaria. Maximillian II 1848 - 1864. Copper 2 pfennig 1863 & 1864.German States, Bavaria. Maximillian II 1848 - 1864. Copper 2 pfennig 1863 & 1864. Crowned arms in wreath divided by crown / calue and date.
KM 472
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German States, Bavaria. Maximillian V, King Maximillan I, Joseph of Bavaria 1806 - 1825 copper pfennig 1810.German States, Bavaria. Maximillian V, King Maximillan I, Joseph of Bavaria 1806 - 1825 copper pfennig 1810. Crowned arms / value and date.
KM 341
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German States, Berg. Maximillian IV, Joseph of Bavaria 3 stuber 1804 RGerman States, Berg. Maximillian IV, Joseph of Bavaria 1799 - 1806 A.D. Crowned M monogram in wreath / LANDMUNZ * III STUBER * BERGISCHE 1804 R
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German States, Brunzwick-Wolfenbuttel. Wilhelm 1831 - 1884. Copper 2 Pfennige 1853 BGerman States, Brunzwick-Wolfenbuttel. Wilhelm 1831 - 1884. Copper 2 Pfennige 1853 B. Horse prancing left / 2 PFENNIGE 1853 B
KM 1143
124,000 minted
Rare date
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German States, Duchy of Bavaria-Landshut, Henry XVI the Rich1393 - 1450 A.D.
Silver pfennig, 15.5 mm, 0.52 grams, 45 degrees
Ötting (Altötting, Germany) mint
O: hound left, tree on far side
R: Gothic letter H between two annulets, struck over raised square (quadratum supercusum)
Ref: Wittelsbach 3435
Notes: VF, rare. This is an interesting coin purchased mainly because it has a dog, but also because I have been to Bavaria-Landshut. I also appreciate its technique of manufacture. I find it quite pleasing in hand. Also, it appears that Henry XVI the Rich was not a nice man.
Ex-Forum Ancient Coins Oct 2022; ex-Münzenhandlung Manfred Olding (Osnabrück, Germany)Virgil H
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German States, Goslar Imperial Free City 1763 Copper PfenningGerman States, Goslar Imperial Free City 1763 Copper Pfenning. Mint Master Heinrich Christoph Rudolph Anseim Hallaicher. Madonna holding infant Christ, Goslar city arms below / *I* PFENNING 1763
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German States, Hannover George V 1851 - 1866. AE 2 PFENNIGE, 1855 B.German States, Hannover George V 1851 - 1866. AE 2 PFENNIGE, 1855 B. Crowned EAR monogram, V below / 2 PFENNIGE 1855, B below, struck in a ring. Mintmaster Theodore Wilhelm Bruel.
KM # 221
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German States, Hannover George V 1851 - 1866. AE 2 PFENNIGE, 1856 B.German States, Hannover George V 1851 - 1866. copper 2 PFENNIGE, 1856 B. Crowned EAR monogram, V below / 2 PFENNIGE 1856 B
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German States, Hannover George V 1851 - 1866. Copper 2 Pfennigs 1855 BGerman States, Hannover George V 1851 - 1866. Copper 2 Pfennigs 1855 B. Crowned EAR monogram, V below / value and date.
KM 217
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German States, Hannover George V 1851 - 1866. Copper PFENNIGE, 1858 B.German States, Hannover George V 1851 - 1866. Copper PFENNIGE, 1858 B. Crowned EAR monogram, V below / 1 PFENNIG 1858 B, SCHEIDE MUNZE.
KM 233, 1858 B
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German States, Hannover George V 1851 - 1866. Copper PFENNIGE, 1861 B.German States, Hannover George V 1851 - 1866. Copper PFENNIGE, 1861 B. Crowned EAR monogram, V below / 1 PFENNIG 1861 B, SCHEIDE MUNZE.
KM 233
2,324,000 minted
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German States, Hannover George V 1851 - 1866. Copper PFENNIGs. 1853 B , 1855 BGerman States, Hannover George V 1851 - 1866. Copper PFENNIGs. 1853 B , 1855 B. Crowned EAR monogram, V below / 1 PFEENIG & date
KM 221
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German States, Hannover George V 1851 - 1866. Copper Pfennigs. 1862 B German States, Hannover George V 1851 - 1866. Copper Pfennigs. 1862 B . Crowned EAR monogram, V below / value and date.
KM 233
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