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Ptolemy III Euergetes. Æ Hemidrachm - Triobol. Alexandreia mint. First phase, struck circa 246-242/1. Diademed head of Zeus-Ammon right / Eagle standing left on thunderbolt, head right; cornucopia over shoulder; E between legs. Svoronos 974 var. (control mark).
AE40 about 46.5 g.
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Ar 0.249g, 6.7mm
Elea(Elia?), Aeolis, AR Hemiobol. Late 5th century BC. Head of Athena left, in crested helmet / E L A I, around olive wreath, all within incuse square. SNG Cop 164 ex ForvmRandygeki(h2)
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Antoninianus
Obv:– IMP C M AVR PROBVS AVG, Radiate cuirassed bust right
Rev:– LAETITIA AVG, Laetitia standing left holding wreath and staff
Minted in Lugdunum (IIII) Emission 2, 2nd Phase Officina 4. November to December A.D. 276
Reference(s) – Cohen 324. Bastien 173 (3). RIC 31 Bust Type F (C)
3.64 gms, 22.74 mm. 0 degrees maridvnvm
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680 - 710, ANGLO-SAXON, AR Sceat, struck c.685 - 700 at Essex or East Anglia, EnglandObverse: Pearl diademed head facing right within ouroboros (serpent eating its tail), unintelligible pseudo legend around.
Reverse: Bird standing facing right upon cross, annulets on either side, all within ouroboros (serpent eating its tail), unintelligible pseudo legend around.
Primary Phase, Series BI
Diameter: 12mm | Weight: 1.05gms | Die Axis: 12h
SPINK: 777 | Metcalf: 100 - 106 | Abramson (Sceatta List): 16 - 40
This coin was struck at the time in which the Beowulf legend was set, though the coin predates the earliest manuscript of that saga by about three centuries. These coins constitute the earliest indigenous currency found on the British Isles and they are a fascinating glimpse into the so called "Dark Ages" during the post-Roman period.
The departure of the Romans sometime around 414 AD induced the inhabitants to create their own coinage. These primary phase sceattas are among the earliest of all Anglo-Saxon coinage and are generally thought to be modelled after coinages found in the surrounding areas and, of course, based on the earlier coinage from the Roman Empire. Most scholars now believe that the word "sceat" has been a misinterpretation of the word for "weight" and that the coin would probably have been classed as a denier or a penny. However, while archaeological finds and further research has provided more information on where these types may have been created, there is still little known about under whom they were struck.
This was a time of transition from paganism to Christianity, and these coins often show elements of both, featuring mysterious birds and beasts as well as crosses. This particular coin has not only a cross and a bird, but some wonderful ouroboros "snake circles" used as borders on both sides as well. The fantastical imagery and designs often found on these coins can be very attractive to many collectors.*Alex
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716 - 757, ANGLO-SAXON, AR Sceat, struck under Aethelbald, King of Mercia.Obverse: No legend. Two crude diademed heads in profile, face to face, long cross on pedestal between them; all within pelleted circle.
Reverse: A whorl of four stylised birds, facing clockwise, round a central cross pommée; all within pelleted circle.
Slightly chipped edge
Secondary Phase, Series J, Type 37
Diameter: 13mm | Weight: 0.8gms | Die Axis: Uncertain
SPINK: 802A | Metcalf: 296 - 300 | Abramson (Sceatta List): 19 - 30
RARE
These coins do not bear inscriptions and it is only recently (2022) that research has permitted their correct dating and attribution to a specific area.
Although originally thought to be Northumbrian and attributed to York, the coinage of series J is now confidently attributed to Mercia. This coin was struck during the period when Æthelbald (716 - 757) was king of Mercia and overlord of Southern England. Æthelbald came to the throne of Mercia in 716 after the death of his cousin, King Ceolred, who had previously driven him into exile. During Æthelbald's long reign, Mercia became the dominant kingdom of the Anglo-Saxons, and the contemporary chronicler, the Venerable Bede, described Æthelbald as ruling all England south of the river Humber.
Æthelbald was killed in 757 by his bodyguards. He was succeeded briefly by Beornred, of whom little is known, but within a year, Offa, the grandson of Æthelbald's cousin Eanwulf, had seized the throne and, under him, Mercia entered its most prosperous and influential period.*Alex
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796 – c.835, EANBALD II, Archbishop of York, Northumbria, AE Styca, struck c.830 - 835 at York, EnglandObverse: + EANBALD AR around small Greek cross. Greek cross in legend.
Reverse: + EDILVARD around cross pommée. Cross pommée in legend. Moneyer: Aethelweard
Phase 1b issue
Diameter: 13mm | Weight: 1.0gms | Die Axis: 6h
SPINK: 861 | British Numismatic Journal (1916) – (H A Parsons, The coins of Archbishop Eanbald II of York): 60
Initially a base silver coin, after the devastating Viking attack on Lindisfarne in 793, with its subsequent commercial impact on the kingdom of Northumberland, the second issue of stycas under King Eanred were debased by having their silver content replaced by zinc. There was a further debasement of the coinage in 829 after Eanred's submission to Ecgberht of Wessex, such that the styca became basically a copper alloy coin.
Eanbald II was, prior to his elevation to the archiepiscopate, a priest of the Church of York. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records his consecration as Archbishop on 14th August, 796, immediately after the death of the first prelate of the same name.
In the year 797, Eanbald II is recorded as having assisted in the recovery of the rights of the see of Canterbury, which had been much impaired during the reign of King Offa of Mercia in order that his new primacy at Lichfield might be promoted. In this work of restitution, Eanbald collaborated with Æthelhard, Archbishop of Canterbury, who had appealed to Rome over the matter. The case was also presented to Coenwulf, the successor of Offa, and he was persuaded by the two prelates to refer the question to the Pope which resulted in Offa's new archiepiscopal see of Lichfield being abolished.
In 798 Eanbald convened a great synod at Finchale, near Durham. There, he enacted a number of regulations relating to the ecclesiastical courts and the observance of Easter.
Early on Eanbald became estranged from Eardwulf, King of Northumbria, after denouncing Eardwulf's adulteries and sheltering Eardwulf's enemies by giving them church sanctuary. But Eardwulf seems to have been deposed in around 806 and was eventually succeeded by Eanred around 810.
No record of Eanbald II's death survives and the time of his death has been variously estimated to range from as early as 808 to as late as 835, the latter date based on numismatic evidence.
The Kingdom of Northumbria was a medieval Anglian kingdom in what is now Northern England and South-east Scotland. The name derives from the Old English Norþan-hymbre meaning "the people or province north of the Humber", Northumbria started to consolidate into one kingdom in the early seventh century when the two earlier territories of Deira and Bernicia united. At its height, the kingdom extended from the Humber Estuary in the south to the Firth of Forth (now in Scotland) in the north.
Northumbria ceased to be an independent kingdom in the mid-tenth century.
*Alex
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810 - 841, EANRED, Anglo-Saxon king of Northumbria, AE Styca, Struck c.830 - 835 at York, EnglandObverse: + EANRED REX around small cross pattée. Cross pattée in legend.
Reverse: + FORDRED around small cross patoncé. Cross pattée in legend. Moneyer: Fordred.
Phase 1b issue
Grey patina with slight silver sheen
Diameter: 12mm | Weight: 0.9gms | Die Axis: 12h
SPINK: 862
Initially a base silver coin, after the devastating Viking attack on Lindisfarne in 793, with its subsequent commercial impact on the kingdom of Northumberland, Eanred's second issue of stycas were debased by having their silver content replaced by zinc. There was a further debasement of the coinage in 829 after Eanred's submission to Ecgberht of Wessex, such that the styca became basically a copper alloy coin.
Eanred was king of Northumbria in the early ninth century.but very little is known for certain about him. Roger of Wendover, a 13th century English chronicler, states that Eanred reigned from 810 until 840, but the twelfth-century History of the Church of Durham records a reign of 33 years. Given the turbulence of Northumbrian history in this period, a reign of this length suggests a figure of some significance. Eanred was the son of King Eardwulf, who was deposed by an otherwise unknown Ælfwald in 806. According to the History of the Church of Durham, Ælfwald ruled for two years before Eanred succeeded. However Frankish sources claim that, after being expelled from England, Eardwulf was received by Charlemagne and then the pope, and that their envoys escorted him back to Northumbria and secured his restoration to power. The precise nature of the succession of Eanred is therefore unclear but all the sources agree that Eanred was eventually succeeded by his son, Æthelred.
The Kingdom of Northumbria was a medieval Anglian kingdom in what is now Northern England and South-east Scotland. The name derives from the Old English Norþan-hymbre meaning "the people or province north of the Humber", Northumbria started to consolidate into one kingdom in the early seventh century when the two earlier territories of Deira and Bernicia united. At its height, the kingdom extended from the Humber Estuary in the south to the Firth of Forth (now in Scotland) in the north.
Northumbria ceased to be an independent kingdom in the mid-tenth century.
*Alex
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837 - 854, WIGMUND, Anglo-Saxon Archbishop of York, Northumbria, AE Styca, Struck at York, EnglandObverse: + VIGMVND I R around group of seven pellets. Cross pattée in legend.
Reverse: + HVNLAF around cross pommée. Cross pattée in legend. Moneyer: Hunlaf.
Issue: Phase II, Group Ci
Diameter: 13mm | Weight: 0.9gms | Die Axis: Uncertain
SPINK: 870
The first appearance of the styca, a new style of small coin which replaced the earlier sceat, was at the beginning of the ninth century. The first stycas were of low silver content but later coins became effectively brass. Produced in York, several moneyers are named on the surviving coins, suggesting that they were minted in significant quantities. Stycas were minted under the kings, Aethelred I, Eardwulf, Aelfwald II, Eanred, Aethelred II, Redwulf, and Osberht, as well as for the Archbishops of York, Eanbald I, Eanbald II, Wigmund, and Wulfhere.
Wigmund was consecrated as Archbishop of York in 837 and died in 854.
The Kingdom of Northumbria was a medieval Anglian kingdom in what is now Northern England and South-east Scotland. The name derives from the Old English Norþan-hymbre meaning "the people or province north of the Humber", Northumbria started to consolidate into one kingdom in the early seventh century when the two earlier territories of Deira and Bernicia united. At its height, the kingdom extended from the Humber Estuary in the south to the Firth of Forth (now in Scotland) in the north.
Northumbria ceased to be an independent kingdom in the mid-tenth century.
*Alex
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841 - 849, ÆTHELRED II, Anglo-Saxon king of Northumbria, AE Styca, Struck 841 - 844 at York, EnglandObverse: + EDILRED REX around large Greek cross, small Greek cross in legend.
Reverse: + EANRED around small Greek cross. Small Greek cross in legend. Moneyer: Eanred.
Issue: First Reign, Phase II, Group Cii
Diameter: 13mm | Weight: 0.9gms | Die Axis: 12
SPINK: 865 | Pirie: 1374 (same dies)
The new styca coinage, small brass coins containing very little silver and much zinc introduced at the beginning of the century, continued to be minted in large quantities by a number of different moneyers at York during Æthelred's reign.
Æthelred II was king of Northumbria in the middle of the ninth century, but, as with his father, his dates are uncertain. Relatively little is known of Æthelred's reign from the surviving documentary record. He appears to have been expelled in favour of Rædwulf, whose reign is confirmed by the evidence of coinage. However, Rædwulf was killed that same year fighting against the Vikings and Æthelred was restored to power. Æthelred was assassinated a few years later, but no further details are known of his murder. Æthelred II was succeeded by Osberht.
N. J. Higham, reader of history at Manchester University and author of several books on the Anglo-Saxons dates Æthelred II's reign as from 840 until his death in 848, with an interruption in 844 when Rædwulf briefly usurped the throne. Barbara Yorke, Emeritus professor of Medieval history at the University of Winchester agrees, but dates his death slightly later to 848 or 849.
The Kingdom of Northumbria was a medieval Anglian kingdom in what is now Northern England and South-east Scotland. The name derives from the Old English Norþan-hymbre meaning "the people or province north of the Humber", Northumbria started to consolidate into one kingdom in the early seventh century when the two earlier territories of Deira and Bernicia united. At its height, the kingdom extended from the Humber Estuary in the south to the Firth of Forth (now in Scotland) in the north.
Northumbria ceased to be an independent kingdom in the mid-tenth century.
*Alex
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RIC.abs Postumus: antoninianus (Salvs Provinciarvm)Postumus, Gallic emperor (usurper) (260-269)
Antoninianus: Salvs Provinciarvm (1st emission, 1st phase, 260, Trèves)
Billon (200 ‰), 2.19 g, diameter 23 mm, die axis 6h
A/ IMP C M CASS LAT POSTIMVS P F AVG; radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
R/ SALVS PROVINCIARVM; the Rhine god recumbent left, right hand on vessel and left hand holding a scepter or a reed
EG.1
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RIC.87 Postumus: antoninianus (Salvs Provinciarvm)Postumus, Gallic emperor (usurper) (260-269)
Antoninianus: Salvs Provinciarvm (1st emission, 2ond phase, 260-261, Trèves)
Billon (200 ‰), 3.23 g, diameter 21 mm, die axis 1h
A/ IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG; radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
R/ SALVS PROVINCIARVM; the horned Rhine god recumbent left, right hand on vessel and left hand holding a scepter or a reed
EG.9
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RIC.64 Postumus: antoninianus (Herc Devsoniensi)Postumus, Gallic emperor (usurper) (260-269)
Antoninianus: Herc Devsoniensi (1st emission, 3rd phase, 261, Trèves)
Billon (200 ‰), 2.40 g, diameter 23 mm, die axis 1h
A/ IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG; radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
R/ HERC DEVSONIENSI; Hercules standing right, leaning on club, holding bow and lion's skin
EG.15
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RIC.73 Postumus: antoninianus (Laetitia Avg)Postumus, Gallic emperor (usurper) (260-269)
Antoninianus: Laetitia Avg (1st emission, 3rd phase, 261, Trèves)
Billon (200 ‰), 3.63 g, diameter 23 mm, die axis 1h
A/ IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG; radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
R/ LAETITIA / AVG in exergue; galley left with 4 rowers and pilot
EG.19
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RIC.54 Postumus: antoninianus (PM TR P COS II PP)Postumus, Gallic emperor (usurper) (260-269)
Antoninianus: PM TR P COIS II PP (1st emission, 3rd phase, 261, Trèves)
Billon (200 ‰), 3.13 g, diameter 23 mm, die axis 6h
A/ IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG; radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
R/ PM TR P CO-S II PP; Emperor in military attire, standing left, holding spear and tropy
EG.19
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RIC.89 Postumus: antoninianus (Victoria Avg)Postumus, Gallic emperor (usurper) (260-269)
Antoninianus: Victoria Avg (1st emission, 3rd phase, 261, Trèves)
Billon (200 ‰), 3.25 g, diameter 21 mm, die axis 1h
A/ IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG; radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
R/ VICT-OR-IA AVG; Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm; seated captive to left
EG.22
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RIC.67 Postumus: antoninianus (Herc Pacifero)Postumus, Gallic emperor (usurper) (260-269)
Antoninianus: Herc Pacifero (2ond emission, 2ond phase, 262, Trèves)
Billon (200 ‰), 3.37 g, diameter 20 mm, die axis 7h
A/ IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG; radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
R/ HERC-PA-CIFERO; Hercules, standing left, holding olive branch, club and lion’s skin
Curious Postumus' big nose.
EG.27
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RIC.76 Postumus: antoninianus (Neptvno Redvci)Postumus, Gallic emperor (usurper) (260-269)
Antoninianus: Neptvno Redvci (2ond emission, 2ond phase, 262, Trèves)
Billon (200 ‰), 3.40 g, diameter 21 mm, die axis 7h
A/ IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG; radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
R/ NEPTVNO - REDVCI; Neptune standing left, holding dolphin and trident
EG.32
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RIC.93 Postumus: antoninianus (Virtvs Avg)Postumus, Gallic emperor (usurper) (260-269)
Antoninianus: Virtvs Avg (2ond emission, 2ond phase, 262, Trèves)
Billon (200 ‰), 3.39 g, diameter 22 mm, die axis 2h
A/ IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG; radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
R/ VIRT-VS AVG; Mars standing right, holding spear and leaning on shield
EG.35
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RIC.57 Postumus: antoninianus (P M TR P IIII COS III P P)Postumus, Gallic emperor (usurper) (260-269)
Antonianus: P M TR P IIII COS III P P (3rd émission, 1st phase, 263-265, Trèves)
Billon (150 ‰), 4.27 g, diameter 21 mm, die axis 1 h
A/ IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG; radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
R/ PP M TR P-IIII-COS III PP; Mars walking right with spear and trophy.
EG.36
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RIC.66 Postumus: antoninianus (Herc Devsoniensi)Postumus, Gallic emperor (usurper) (260-269)
Antoninianus: Felicitas Avg (3rd emission, 1st phase, 263-265, Trèves)
Billon (150 ‰), 4.09 g, diameter 22.5 mm, die axis 7 h
A/ IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG; radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
R/ HERC DEV-SONIENSI; Hercules standing left in temple of four columns, leaning on club and holding lion's skin
EG.40
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RIC.58 Postumus: antoninianus (Felicitas Avg)Postumus, Gallic emperor (usurper) (260-269)
Antoninianus: Felicitas Avg (3rd emission, 2ond phase, 263-265, Trèves)
Billon (100 ‰), 2.91 g, diameter 21 mm, die axis 7 h
A/ IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG; radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
R/ FELICI-T-AS AVG; Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus in right, cornucopia in left
EG.44
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RIC.325 Postumus: antoninianus (Saecvli Felicitas)Postumus, Gallic emperor (usurper) (260-269)
Antoninianus: Saecvli Felicitas (4th emission, 1st phase, 266, Trèves)
Billon (100 ‰), 3.86 g, diameter 22 mm, die axis 6h
A/ IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG; radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
R/ SAECVLI FELICITAS; emperor standing right, holding globe and spear
EG.67
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RIC.86 Postumus: antoninianus (Salvs Avg)Postumus, Gallic emperor (usurper) (260-269)
Antoninianus: Salvs Avg (4th emission, 1st phase, 266, Trèves)
Billon (100 ‰), 3.46 g, diameter 18-21 mm, die axis 7h
A/ IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG; radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
R/ SALV-S AVG; Esculape standing, facing, looking left, leaning on a staff on which a snake is wrapped. At foot, a globe on the right
EG.70
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RIC.330 Postumus: antoninianus (Vbertas Avg)Postumus, Gallic emperor (usurper) (260-269)
Antoninianus: Vbertas Avg (4th emission, 2ond phase, 267, Trèves)
Billon (100 ‰), 3.08 g, diameter 20.5 mm, die axis 12 h
A/ IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG; radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
R/ VBERTAS AVG; Ubertas standing left, holding ear in right and cornucopia in left
EG.83
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RIC.118 Victorinus, antoninianus (Pax Avg V*)Victorinus, Gallic emperor (usurper) (269-271)
Antoninianus : Salvs Avg (3rd emission, 2ond phase, 270, Trèves)
Billon (20 ‰), 3.43 g, diameter 18 mm, die axis 6 h
A/ IMP C VICTORINVS P F AVG; radiate and cuirassed bust right
R/ PA-X AVG / V|* in field; Pax standing left, holding an olive-branch and a sceptre
EG.197
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00099 Facing Head of LarissaThessaly Greece, the City of Larissa
Obv: Head of the nymph Larissa 3/4 facing l., wearing ampyx flanked by two hornlike locks, round curl to the l. of the head1; earring on the r. (?), wearing wire necklace (?). Border of dots.
Rev: Horse crouching r., l. foreleg raised and bent (parallel with the lower part of the hind legs), preparing to roll, ΛAPIΣ above horse and AIΩN in the exergue.
Denomination: silver drachm; Mint: Larissa; Date: c. 356 - 346 BC2; Weight: 6.05g; Diameter: 19mm; Die axis: 130º; References, for example: Lorber Hoard, Phase L-III; SNG COP 121.
Notes:
1On p. 10 of Lorber Hoard Catharine Lorber observes that on later Phase L-III head types the round curl to the left of the head "...tends to evolve into a long wavy lock scarcely different from the others above and below it." Therefore, perhaps this coin falls earlier in Phase L-III.
2This is the date range given in Lorber Hoard, p. 11. She states that the Third Sacred War must have been the historical context for the intensive Phase L-III drachm production.
The city of Larissa was named after the local water nymph, said to be the daughter of Pelasgos. He was said to be the ancestor of the pre-Greek Pelasgians. According to myth Larissa drowned while playing ball on the banks of the Peneios river. (HGC 4 p. 130).
Provenance: Ex Harlan J. Berk Ltd. June 28, 2019; Ex Pegasi Auction, A22, lot 117 April 20, 2010.
Photo credits: Harlan J. Berk Ltd.
CLICK FOR SOURCESTracy Aiello
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000991 Facing Head of LarissaThessaly Greece, the City of Larissa
Obv: Head of the nymph Larissa facing slightly l., round curl to the l. of the head, wearing ampyx flanked by two hornlike locks, a pendant earring, and a simple necklace.
Rev: Horse crouching r., l. foreleg raised and bent (almost parallel with belly/ground), preparing to roll. ΛAPIΣ above horse and AIΩN in the exergue.
Denomination: silver drachm; Mint: Larissa; Date: c. 356 - 342 BC1; Weight: 5.920g; Diameter: 19.2mm; Die axis: 135º; References, for example: Lorber Hoard, pl. 3, 27 (same dies); BCD Thessaly I 11582; BCD Thessaly II 316; HGC 4, 4543.
Notes:
1This is the date range stated in BCD Thessaly I. This coin appears to fall within Lorber's Phase Late II or Phase Late III. See Lorber Hoard and Lorber 2008.
2The coin referenced in this auction catalogue is actually a silver stater, but in discussing the coin the catalogue states that the earliest Larissian staters "...bear the normal types of a drachm...."
3The picture of the coin in this reference does not show the foreleg raised and bent, but the entry does reference BCD Thessaly II, lots 312 - 320, which matches one of the references here.
The city of Larissa was named after the local water nymph, said to be the daughter of Pelasgos. He was said to be the ancestor of the pre-Greek Pelasgians. According to myth Larissa drowned while playing ball on the banks of the Peneios river. (HGC 4 p.. 130).
Provenance: Ex Forum Ancient Coins October 31, 2018; from the BCD collection, with his tag noting "Thz. G/ni ex Thess., Apr. 94, SFr. 100.-"
Photo credits: Forum Ancient Coins
CLICK FOR SOURCES
Tracy Aiello
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000992 Facing Head of LarissaThessaly Greece, the City of Larissa
Obv: Head of the nymph Larissa facing slightly l., round curl to the l. of he head, wearing ampyx flanked by two hornlike locks, a pendant earring represented by three pellets in a vertical line, and a simple necklace.
Rev: Horse crouching r., l. foreleg raised and bent (almost parallel with belly/ground), preparing to roll, small plant (control mark) below. ΛAPIΣ above horse and AIΩN in the exergue.
Denomination: silver drachm; Mint: Larissa; Date: c. 356 - 342 BC1; Weight: 5.869g; Diameter: 18.3mm; Die axis: 0º; References, for example: BMC Thessaly p. 30, 61; BCD Thessaly I 1156; BCD Thessaly II 323 var. [same obv. die, but no trident (control mark) below the horse pointing to the left].
Notes:
1This is the date range stated in BCD Thessaly I. This coin appears to fall within Lorber's Phase Late II or Phase Late III. See Lorber Hoard and Lorber 2008.
The city of Larissa was named after the local water nymph, said to be the daughter of Pelasgos. He was said to be the ancestor of the pre-Greek Pelasgians. According to myth Larissa drowned while playing ball on the banks of the Peneios river. (HGC 4 p. 130).
Provenance: Ex Forum Ancient Coins September 6, 2018; from the David Cannon Collection, ex Beast Coins.
Photo credits: Forum Ancient Coins
CLICK FOR SOURCES
Tracy Aiello
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0183 Severina - AE silvered antoninianusCyzicus
early – summer 275 AD
Issue 10, Phase 2
diademed, draped bust on crescent right
SEVERINA AVG
Concordia standing left, holding standard in each hand
CONCORDIAE MILITVM
XXI
RIC 18; Cohen 7
http://www.ric.mom.fr/en/coin/3084
3,29g 21,5mmJ. B.
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030 Gotland Period IPenny from Gotland ca. 1150-1220
Mint: Visby
SMB 1
LL XX:1a
Coinage in Gotland is believed to have been a non-royal coinage that came out in phases. This is the earliest phase, dating to the late 12th century.
Ex- MISAB 43 (lot 250), MISAB 30 (lot 58), MISAB 9 (lot 79)St. George's Collection
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0396 Claudius II - AE antoninianusSiscia
end 269 - early 270 AD
Issue 3, Phase 2
radiate, cuirassed bust right
IMP CLAVDIVS AVG
Laetitia standing half left, holding wreath and cornucopia
LAETITIA AVG
Normanby 1092; RIC 1st 181
http://www.ric.mom.fr/en/coin/740
2,88g 18mmJ. B.
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104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-0611 (Estiot), RIC V-I Not in RIC, Siscia, AE-Antoninianus, ANNONA AVG, -/I//--, Annona standing left,104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-0611 (Estiot), RIC V-I Not in RIC, Siscia, AE-Antoninianus, ANNONA AVG, -/I//--, Annona standing left,
avers:- IMP-CLAVDIVS-AVG, Bust right, radiate, cuirassed and draped with paludamentum, seen from rear, (D2).
revers:- ANNONA-AVG, Annona standing left, holding corn-ears in right hand and cornucopiae in left hand, at feet to left, modius, "I" in right field, (Annona 1).
exerg: -/I//--, diameter: 20-21mm, weight: 2,45g, axes: 5h,
mint: Siscia, iss-2 Phase 2, off-1, date: 268-69. A.D., ref: T-0611 (Estiot), RIC V-I Not in RIC, Normanby 1062,
Q-001quadrans
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106 Aurelianus (270-275 A.D.), T-2364, RIC V-I 244, Siscia, AE-Antoninianus, CONCORDIA MILITVM, -/-//XXIS, Emperor and Cocordia clasping hand, #1106 Aurelianus (270-275 A.D.), T-2364, RIC V-I 244, Siscia, AE-Antoninianus, CONCORDIA MILITVM, -/-//XXIS, Emperor and Cocordia clasping hand, #1
avers:- IMP C AVRELIANVS AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right. (B1)
revers:- CONCORDIA MILITVM, Emperor togate standing right, clasping the hand of Concordia standing left. (Emperor and Cocordia 1)
exerg: -/-//XXIS, diameter: mm, weight: g, axes: h,
mint: Siscia, iss-9 Phase-1, off-2, date: 274-275A.D., ref: T-2364 (Estiot), RIC V-I 244,
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106 Aurelianus (270-275 A.D.), T-2637, RIC V-I 276, Serdica, AE-Antoninianus, ORIENS AVG, -/-//S, Sol standing facing, head left, #1106 Aurelianus (270-275 A.D.), T-2637, RIC V-I 276, Serdica, AE-Antoninianus, ORIENS AVG, -/-//S, Sol standing facing, head left, #1
avers: IMP AVRELIANVS AVG, Radiated, cuirassed bust right. (B1)
reverse: ORIE NS AVG, Sol standing facing, head left, with right hand raised and holding the globe in left hand, at feet to left, a bound and seated captive in oriental dress. (Sol 2c)
exergue: -/-//S, diameter: 23,0-24,0mm, weight: 3,37g, axes: 11h,
mint: Serdica, iss-5, phase-2, off-2, date:274 A.D., ref: T-2637 (Estiot), RIC V-I 276,
Q-001quadrans
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106 Aurelianus (270-275 A.D.), T-2787, RIC V-I 301, Serdica, AE-Antoninianus, RESTITVT ORBIS, *//KA•Γ•, Female and Emperor, Rare! #1106 Aurelianus (270-275 A.D.), T-2787, RIC V-I 301, Serdica, AE-Antoninianus, RESTITVT ORBIS, *//KA•Î“•, Female and Emperor, Rare! #1
avers: IMP C AVRELIANVS INVICTVS AVG, Radiated and cuirassed bust right. (B1)
reverse: RESTITVT ORBIS, Female figure standing right, crowning Emperor in military dress standing left, holding spear (or long scepter) in the left hand. (Emperor and Woman 1)
exergue: *//KA•Î“•, diameter: 22,5-23,3mm, weight: 4,27g, axes: 0h,
mint: Serdica, off-3, issue-8, phase-2, date: 274-275 A.D.,
ref: T-2787 (Estiot), RIC V-I 310, LV 10030-3, Rare!,
Q-001quadrans
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106 Aurelianus (270-275 A.D.), T-2790, RIC V-I Not in !!!, Serdica, AE-Antoninianus, RESTITVT ORBIS, *//KA•Γ•, Female and Emperor, Rare !!!106 Aurelianus (270-275 A.D.), T-2790, RIC V-I Not in !!!, Serdica, AE-Antoninianus, RESTITVT ORBIS, *//KA•Î“•, Female and Emperor, Rare !!!
avers:- IMP C AVRELIANVS PIVS FEL AVG, Radiated and cuirassed bust right. (B1)
revers:- RESTITVTOR ORBIS, Female figure standing right, crowning Emperor in military dress standing left, holding spear (or long sceptre) in left hand. (Emperor and Woman 1)
exerg: *//KA•Î“•, diameter: 21-23mm, weight: 3,79g, axes: 0h,
mint: Serdica, off-3, iss-8, phase-2, date: 274-275 A.D., ref: T-2790 (Estiot), RIC V-I Not in RIC!!!, Very Rare!!!,
Q-001quadrans
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106 Aurelianus (270-275 A.D.), T-2966, RIC V-I 347, Cyzicus, AE-Antoninianus, RESTITVT ORBIS, -/-//C*S, Female and Emperor,106 Aurelianus (270-275 A.D.), T-2966, RIC V-I 347, Cyzicus, AE-Antoninianus, RESTITVT ORBIS, -/-//C*S, Female and Emperor,
avers:- IMP C AVRELIANVS AVG, Radiated and cuirassed bust right. (B1)
revers:- RESTITVT O RBIS, Female figure standing right, crowning Emperor in military dress standing left, holding spear (or long sceptre) in left hand. (Emperor and Woman 1)
exerg: -/-//C*S, diameter: 22-23,5mm, weight: 3,42g, axes: 5h,
mint: Cyzicus, off-2, iss-6, phase-2, date: 273-274 A.D., ref: T-2966 (Estiot), RIC V-I 3347,
Q-001quadrans
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106 Aurelianus (270-275 A.D.), T-2983, RIC V-I 349corr, Cyzicus, AE-Antoninianus, RESTITVT ORBIS, -/-//*Γ, Female and Emperor,106 Aurelianus (270-275 A.D.), T-2983, RIC V-I 349corr, Cyzicus, AE-Antoninianus, RESTITVT ORBIS, -/-//*Γ, Female and Emperor,
avers:- IMP C AVRELIANVS-AVG, Radiated and cuirassed bust right. (B1)
revers:- RESTITVT O RBIS, Female figure standing right, crowning Emperor in military dress standing left, holding spear (or long sceptre) in left hand, between them, small male figure seating on the ground to right, keeps his hands back (Emperor and Woman 1a).
exerg: -/-//*Γ, diameter: 22-22,5mm, weight: 2,96g, axes: 7h,
mint: Cyzicus, off-3, iss-7, phase-3, date: 272-273 A.D., ref: T-2983 (Estiot), RIC V-I 349corr,
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106 Aurelianus (270-275 A.D.), T-3011, RIC V-I 361, Cyzicus, AE-Antoninianus, ORIENS AVG, -/-//CB, Sol and captive, R!106 Aurelianus (270-275 A.D.), T-3011, RIC V-I 361, Cyzicus, AE-Antoninianus, ORIENS AVG, -/-//CB, Sol and captive, R!
avers:- IMP AVRELIANVS AVG, Bust right, radiate, cuirassed, (B1).
revers:- ORIE N S AVG, Sol standig left, with right hand raised and holding globe in left hand, right foot resting on a bound captive in oriental dress seated left. (Sol 2c)
exerg: -/-//CB, diameter: 22,5-24,5mm, weight: 3,85g, axes: 0h,
mint: Cyzicus, iss-8 ph-3, off-2, date: 273-274 A.D., ref: T-3011 (Estiot), RIC V-I 361, R,
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106 Aurelianus (270-275 A.D.), T-3088, RIC V-I 366, Cyzicus, AE-Antoninianus, RESTITVTOR EXERCITI, B//XXI, Mars and Emperor, #1106 Aurelianus (270-275 A.D.), T-3088, RIC V-I 366, Cyzicus, AE-Antoninianus, RESTITVTOR EXERCITI, B//XXI, Mars and Emperor, #1
avers: IMP AVRELIANVS AVG, Radiated and cuirassed bust right. (B1)
reverse: RESTITVT OR EX ERCITI, Mars in military dress standing right, holding the spear in left hand, giving globe to Emperor standing left, holding long scepter in left hand. (Mars and Emperor 1)
exergue: B//XXI, diameter: 21-22,5mm, weight: 3,79g, axes: 1h,
mint: Cyzicus, off-2, iss-10, phase-2, date: 275 A.D., ref: T-3088 (Estiot), RIC V-I 366,
Q-001quadrans
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106 Aurelianus (270-275 A.D.), T-3099, RIC V-I 366, Cyzicus, AE-Antoninianus, RESTITVTOR EXERCITI, Є//XXI, Mars and Emperor, #1106 Aurelianus (270-275 A.D.), T-3099, RIC V-I 366, Cyzicus, AE-Antoninianus, RESTITVTOR EXERCITI, Є//XXI, Mars and Emperor, #1
avers: IMP AVRELIANVS AVG, Radiated and cuirassed bust right. (B1)
reverse: RESTITV TOR EX ERCITI, Mars in military dress standing right, holding the spear in left hand, giving globe to Emperor standing left, holding long scepter in left hand. (Mars and Emperor 1)
exergue: Є//XXI, diameter: 21,5-22,5mm, weight: 4,08g, axes: 0h,
mint: Cyzicus, off-5, iss-10, phase-2, date: 275 A.D., ref: T-3099 (Estiot), RIC V-I 366, LV 10761-73,
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110 Tacitus (275-276 A.D.), T-3682, RIC V-I ???, Siscia, AE-Antoninianus, CONCORD MILIT, -/-//XXIT, Bust-B1, Emperor and Concordia, #1110 Tacitus (275-276 A.D.), T-3682, RIC V-I ???, Siscia, AE-Antoninianus, CONCORD MILIT, -/-//XXIS, Bust-B1, Emperor and Concordia, #1
avers: IMP C M CL TACITVS P AVG, Bust right, radiate, cuirassed, and draped with paludamentum (D1).
reverse: CONCORD MILIT, Emperor togate standing right, clasping the hand of Concordia standing left, (EmpCo1).
exergue: -/-//XXIS, diameter: 21,0-21,5mm, weight: 3,24g, axes: 6h,
mint: Siscia, issue-3., phase-2, off-2., date: 276 A.D.,
ref: RIC-V-I-???., T-(Estiot)-3682, C-,
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110 Tacitus (275-276 A.D.), T-3702, RIC V-I 186, Siscia, AE-Antoninianus, PAX AVGVSTI, -/Q//XXI, Bust-D1, Pax standing left, #1110 Tacitus (275-276 A.D.), T-3702, RIC V-I 186, Siscia, AE-Antoninianus, PAX AVGVSTI, -/Q//XXI, Bust-D1, Pax standing left, #1
avers:- IMP-C-M-CL-TACITVS-P-AVG, Bust right, radiate, cuirassed and draped with paludamentum. (D1).
revers: PAX-A-VGVSTI, Pax standing left, holding olive branch in right hand and long transverse sceptre in left hand. (Pax1).
exerg: -/Q//XXI, diameter: 22,5-23,5mm, weight: 4,19g, axes: 0h,
mint: Siscia, issue-3., Phase-2, off-4., date: 276 A.D., ref: RIC-V-I-186, T-(Estiot)-3702, C-,
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110 Tacitus (275-276 A.D.), T-3714, RIC V-I ???, Siscia, AE-Antoninianus, LAETITIA AVG, -/-//XXIVI, Bust-D1, Laetitia standig left, #1110 Tacitus (275-276 A.D.), T-3714, RIC V-I ???, Siscia, AE-Antoninianus, LAETITIA AVG, -/-//XXIVI, Bust-D1, Laetitia standig left, #1
avers:- IMP-C-M-CL-TACITVS-P-AVG, Bust right, radiate, cuirassed and draped with paludamentum. D1.
revers:- LAETITIA-AVG, Laetitia standig left, holding wreath in r. hand and anchor in l. hand. Laetitia 1.
exerg: -/-//XXIVI, diameter: 22,52mm, weight: 3,85g, axes: 5h,
mint: Siscia, 3rd.issue, Phase 2, 6th.off., date: 276 AD., ref: RIC-??., T-(Estiot)-3714, C-, BNC 1751,
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112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 531, Ticinum, CONCORD MILIT, Bust-F, -/-//AXXI, Concordia standing left, #1112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 531, Ticinum, CONCORD MILIT, Bust-F, -/-//AXXI, Concordia standing left, #1
avers:- IMP C PROBVS P F AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right. (F),
revers:- CONCORD MILIT, Concordia standing left, holding two ensigns.
exerg: -/-//AXXI, diameter: mm, weight: g, axis: h,
mint: Ticinum, 6th emission, 2nd phase, date: 279 A.D., ref: RIC V-II 531, p-73,
Q-001quadrans
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112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 531, Ticinum, CONCORD MILIT, Bust-F, -/-//AXXI, Concordia standing left, #2112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 531, Ticinum, CONCORD MILIT, Bust-F, -/-//AXXI, Concordia standing left, #2
avers:- IMP C PROBVS P F AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right. (F),
revers:- CONCORD MILIT, Concordia standing left, holding two ensigns.
exerg: -/-//AXXI, diameter: 22,0-23,0mm, weight: 3,49g, axis: 6h,
mint: Ticinum, 6th emission, 2nd phase, date: 279 A.D., ref: RIC V-II 531, p-73,
Q-002quadrans
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112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 573, Ticinum, SECVRIT PERP, Bust-B/F, -/-//ʕXXI, Securitas standing left, #1112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 573, Ticinum, SECVRIT PERP, Bust-B/F, -/-//ʕXXI, Securitas standing left, #1
avers: IMP C PROBVS AVG, Bust of Probus right, radiate, cuirassed. (B/F)
reverse: SECVRIT PERP, Securitas standing left, leaning on column, legs crossed, hand raised to head.
exergue: -/-//ʕXXI, diameter: 20,5-22,5mm, weight: 3,20g, axes: 0h,
mint: Ticinum, 6th. emission (phase b), 6th. officina, date: 279 A.D., ref: RIC V-II 573,
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112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 904.2a.0.E1.A., Cyzicus, ADVENTVS PROBI AVG, Bust-E1, -/-//--, Emperor riding left, Scarce, #1112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 904.2a.0.E1.A., Cyzicus, ADVENTVS PROBI AVG, Bust-E1, -/-//--, Emperor riding left, Scarce, #1
avers: VIRTVS PROBI AVG, Radiate, helmeted, cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield. Shield decorated with a rider right. (E1)
reverse: ADVENTVS PROBI AVG, Emperor riding left, right hand raised, left holding scepter; at foot, captive. (A)
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 22,5-23,7mm, weight: 4,40g, axis: 0h,
mint: Cyzicus, 2nd. em. phase a., date: 276-277 A.D.,
ref: RIC V-II 904.2a.0.E1.A., Scarce!
Q-001quadrans
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112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 904.2a.0.E1.A., Cyzicus, ADVENTVS PROBI AVG, Bust-E1, -/-//--, Emperor riding left, Scarce, #2112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 904.2a.0.E1.A., Cyzicus, ADVENTVS PROBI AVG, Bust-E1, -/-//--, Emperor riding left, Scarce, #2
avers: VIRTVS PROBI AVG, Radiate, helmeted, cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield. Shield decorated with a rider right. (E1)
reverse: ADVENTVS PROBI AVG, Emperor riding left, right hand raised, left holding sceptre; at foot, captive. (A)
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 22,5mm, weight: 3,29g, axis: 0h,
mint: Cyzicus, 2nd. em. phase a., date: 276-277 A.D.,
ref: RIC V-II 904.2a.0.E1.A., Scarce!
Q-002quadrans
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112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 904.2a.0.E1.A., Cyzicus, ADVENTVS PROBI AVG, Bust-E1, -/-//--, Emperor riding left, Scarce, #3112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 904.2a.0.E1.A., Cyzicus, ADVENTVS PROBI AVG, Bust-E1, -/-//--, Emperor riding left, Scarce, #3
avers: VIRTVS PROBI AVG, Radiate, helmeted, cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield. Shield decorated with a rider right. (E1)
reverse: ADVENTVS PROBI AVG, Emperor riding left, right hand raised, left holding scepter; at foot, captive. (A)
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 22,5-24,0mm, weight: 3,93g, axis: 6h,
mint: Cyzicus, 2nd. em. phase a., date: 276-277 A.D.,
ref: RIC V-II 904.2a.0.E1.A., Scarce!
Q-003
quadrans
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112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 904.2a.0.E1.A., Cyzicus, ADVENTVS PROBI AVG, Bust-E1, -/-//--, Emperor riding left, Scarce, #4112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 904.2a.0.E1.A., Cyzicus, ADVENTVS PROBI AVG, Bust-E1, -/-//--, Emperor riding left, Scarce, #4
avers: VIRTVS PROBI AVG, Radiate, helmeted, cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield. Shield decorated with a rider right. (E1)
reverse: ADVENTVS PROBI AVG, Emperor riding left, right hand raised, left holding scepter; at foot, captive. (A)
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 22,0-23,3mm, weight: 4,10g, axis: 6h,
mint: Cyzicus, 2nd. em. phase a., date: 276-277 A.D.,
ref: RIC V-II 904.2a.0.E1.A., Scarce!
Q-004quadrans
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112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 904.2a.0.E1.A., Cyzicus, ADVENTVS PROBI AVG, Bust-E1, -/-//--, Emperor riding left, Scarce, #5112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 904.2a.0.E1.A., Cyzicus, ADVENTVS PROBI AVG, Bust-E1, -/-//--, Emperor riding left, Scarce, #5
avers: VIRTVS PROBI AVG, Radiate, helmeted, cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield. Shield decorated with a rider right. (E1)
reverse: ADVENTVS PROBI AVG, Emperor riding left, right hand raised, left holding scepter; at foot, captive. (A)
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 23,0mm, weight: 4,01g, axis: 0h,
mint: Cyzicus, 2nd. em. phase a., date: 276-277 A.D.,
ref: RIC V-II 904.2a.0.E1.A., Scarce!
Q-005quadrans
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112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 904.2a.0.E1.A., Cyzicus, ADVENTVS PROBI AVG, Bust-E1, -/-//--, Emperor riding left, Scarce, #6112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 904.2a.0.E1.A., Cyzicus, ADVENTVS PROBI AVG, Bust-E1, -/-//--, Emperor riding left, Scarce, #6
avers: VIRTVS PROBI AVG, Radiate, helmeted, cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield. Shield decorated with a rider right. (E1)
reverse: ADVENTVS PROBI AVG, Emperor riding left, right hand raised, left holding scepter; at foot, captive. (A)
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 23,0mm, weight: 4,55g, axis: 0h,
mint: Cyzicus, 2nd. em. phase a., date: 276-277 A.D.,
ref: RIC V-II 904.2a.0.E1.A., Scarce!
Q-006quadrans
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112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 911.2a.0.H2.A., Cyzicus, SOLI INVICTO, Bust-H2, -/-//--, Sol facing in spread quadriga, R3! #1112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 911.2a.0.H2.A., Cyzicus, SOLI INVICTO, Bust-H2, -/-//--, Sol facing in spread quadriga, R3! #1
avers: IMP C M AVR PROBVS P F AVG, Bust Type H2/H, Radiate bust left in imperial mantle, holding scepter surmounted by an eagle. (H2)
reverse: SOLI INVICTO, Sol facing in spread quadriga, raising right hand and holding the whip in the left hand. (A)
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 22,0mm, weight: 3,28g, axis: 6h,
mint: Cyzicus, 2nd. em., phase a., - off., date: 276-277 A.D.,
ref: RIC V-II 911.2a.0.H2.A., p-118, (La Venèra: 1 example), R3!
Q-001quadrans
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112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 911.2b.2.H2.A., Cyzicus, SOLI INVICTO, Bust-H2, -/-//B, Sol facing in spread quadriga, #1112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 911.2b.2.H2.A., Cyzicus, SOLI INVICTO, Bust-H2, -/-//B, Sol facing in spread quadriga, #1
avers: IMP C M AVR PROBVS P F AVG, Bust Type H2/H, Radiate bust left in imperial mantle, holding scepter surmounted by an eagle. (H2)
reverse: SOLI INVICTO, Sol facing in spread quadriga, raising right hand and holding the whip in left hand. (A)
exergue: -/-//B, diameter: 22,0mm, weight: 3,73g, axis: 6h,
mint: Cyzicus, 2nd. em., phase b., 2nd. off., date: 276-277 A.D.,
ref: RIC V-II 911.2b.2.H2.A., p-118, (La Venèra: 0 example),
Q-001
quadrans
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112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 911.2b.3.H2.A., Cyzicus, SOLI INVICTO, Bust-H2, -/-//Γ, Sol facing in spread quadriga, Scarce, #1112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 911.2b.3.H2.A., Cyzicus, SOLI INVICTO, Bust-H2, -/-//Γ, Sol facing in spread quadriga, Scarce, #1
avers: IMP C M AVR PROBVS P F AVG, Bust Type H2/H, Radiate bust left in imperial mantle, holding scepter surmounted by an eagle. (H2)
reverse: SOLI INVICTO, Sol facing in spread quadriga, raising right hand and holding the whip in left hand. (A)
exergue: -/-//Γ, diameter: 21,0-22,5mm, weight: 3,12g, axis: 0h,
mint: Cyzicus, 2nd. em., phase b., 2nd. off., date: 276-277 A.D.,
ref: RIC V-II 911.2b.3.H2.A., p-118, (La Venèra: 0 example), Scarce!
Q-001quadrans
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112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 911.2b.3.H2.A., Cyzicus, SOLI INVICTO, Bust-H2, -/-//Γ, Sol facing in spread quadriga, Scarce, #2112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 911.2b.3.H2.A., Cyzicus, SOLI INVICTO, Bust-H2, -/-//Γ, Sol facing in spread quadriga, Scarce, #2
avers: IMP C M AVR PROBVS P F AVG, Bust Type H2/H, Radiate bust left in imperial mantle, holding scepter surmounted by an eagle. (H2)
reverse: SOLI INVICTO, Sol facing in spread quadriga, raising right hand and holding the whip in left hand. (A)
exergue: -/-//Γ, diameter: 22,0mm, weight: 3,92g, axis: 6h,
mint: Cyzicus, 2nd. em., phase b., 2nd. off., date: 276-277 A.D.,
ref: RIC V-II 911.2b.3.H2.A., p-118, (La Venèra: 0 example), Scarce!
Q-002quadrans
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112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), Siscia, Alföldi 0042.0157var., -/V//XXI, Bust F8/Gvar., RIC V-II 711, AE-Antoninianus, PAX AVGVSTI, Pax standing left, Rare!! 112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), Siscia, Alföldi 0042.0157var., -/V//XXI, Bust F8/Gvar., RIC V-II 711, AE-Antoninianus, PAX AVGVSTI, Pax standing left, Rare!!
avers: IMP C M AVR PROBVS P F AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield, seen from the back, shield in front and a spear pointing forward. (F8/Gvar.).
reverse: PAX AVGVSTI, Pax standing left, holding olive-branch and sceptre.
exergue: -/V//XXI, diameter:21,5 mm, weight:3,18g, axis:0h,
mint: Siscia, Em. 7 (phase a), 5e off., date: 279 A.D., ref: RIC V-II 711, p-, C-, Alföldi 0042.0157var. (Divergent wreath ties!), Rare!!
Q-001quadrans
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112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), Siscia, Alföldi 0051.0000 (Not in !!!), -/ϛ//XXI, Bust B10/F with pugio, RIC V-II 716var.(Bust not in), AE-Antoninianus, PROVIDE AVG, Providentia standing left, Rare !!!112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), Siscia, Alföldi 0051.0000 (Not in !!!), -/ϛ//XXI, Bust B10/F with pugio, RIC V-II 716var.(Bust not in), AE-Antoninianus, PROVIDE AVG, Providentia standing left, Rare !!!
avers: IMP C M AVR PROBVS P F AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right, holding pugio in the left hand. (B10/F with pugio)
reverse: PROVIDE AVG, Providentia standing left, holding globe and sceptre.
exergue: -/ϛ//XXI, diameter: mm, weight: g, axis: h,
mint: Siscia, 2nd emission, Phase b, date: 277 A.D., ref: RIC V-II 716var. Bust Not in !!!, p-, Alföldi type 0051.0000, Not in !!!, Rare !!!,
Q-001quadrans
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112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), Siscia, Alföldi 0096.0208, -/T//XXI, Bust-F1, RIC V-II 810.7a.3.F1.A., AE-Antoninianus, VIRTVS PROBI AVG, Mars walking right, Rare, #1112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), Siscia, Alföldi 0096.0208, -/T//XXI, Bust-F1, RIC V-II 810.7a.3.F1.A., AE-Antoninianus, VIRTVS PROBI AVG, Mars walking right, Rare, #1
avers: IMP C M AVR PROBVS P F AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield. (F1)
reverse: VIRTVS PROBI AVG, Mars walking right, holding spear and trophy; T right-field. (A)
exergue: -/T//XXI, diameter: 22,0-23,0mm, weight: 4,00g, axis: 0h,
mint: Siscia, 7th emission of Siscia, 280, date: 280 A.D.,
ref: RIC V-II 810, C-, Alföldi type 96, n° 208; Rare,
RIC V-II 810.7a.3.F1.A.,
Q-001
note: RIC V-II 810.7a.3.F1.A., RIC 810 Siscia, 7a.3., 7th. Emission, phase a, 3rd. Officinae, E1.A., Buste type E1, Reverse type A.quadrans
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112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), Siscia, Alföldi 0042.0159, -/-//XXIT, Bust F8/Gvar., RIC V-II 711var. (Bust and officina not in RIC !!!), AE-Antoninianus, PAX AVGVSTI, Pax standing left, Rare!!112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), Siscia, Alföldi 0042.0159, -/-//XXIT, Bust F8/Gvar., RIC V-II 711var. (Bust and officina not in RIC !!!), AE-Antoninianus, PAX AVGVSTI, Pax standing left, Rare!!
avers: IMP C M AVR PROBVS P F AVG, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield, seen from the back, shield in front and a spear pointing forward. (F8/Gvar.)
reverse: PAX AVGVSTI, Pax standing left, holding olive-branch and sceptre.
exergue: -/-//XXIT, diameter: mm, weight: g, axis: h,
mint: Siscia, Em. 5 (phase a), 3e off., date: 278 A.D., ref: RIC V-II 711var., Bust and officina not in RIC !!!, Alföldi 0042.0159, Rare!!!,
Q-001quadrans
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1169 - 1214, William I "the lion", AR Penny, Struck 1205 - 1230 at Perth or Edinburgh, ScotlandObverse: + LE REI WILAM•: Head of William I facing left, wearing crown of pellets, sceptre to left, within inner circle of pellets. All surrounded by outer circle of pellets. Cross potent in legend.
Reverse: + hVE WALTER: Voided short cross, six pointed star in each angle, within inner circle of pellets. All surrounded by outer circle of pellets. Cross potent in legend. (No mint name on coin. Moneyers: Hue (cognate with the modern English name of Hugh) and Walter, the Edinburgh and Perth moneyers working jointly)
Short cross, phase B. Late William I and posthumous issue struck c.1205 to c.1230.
Diameter: 21mm | Weight: 1.3gm | Die Axis: 6h
SPINK: 5029
William I was crowned on 24th December 1165, he came to the throne when his elder brother Malcolm IV died at the age of 24 on 9th December 1165.
Early in his reign William attempted to regain control of Northumbria which had been lost, in 1157 during the reign of Malcolm IV, to the Anglo-Normans under Henry II. He thereby lent support to the English barons who rebelled against Henry II in 1173. In 1174 however, while actively assisting the rebels at the Battle of Alnwick, William was captured by Henry's forces and taken to Falaise in Normandy. He was forced, under the terms of the Treaty of Falaise which he signed in December, to do homage for the whole of Scotland and also to hand over the castles of Roxburgh, Berwick and Edinburgh. Edinburgh, however, was later returned to him as part of the dowry of Ermengarde, a cousin of Henry II, whom William married in 1186.
The Treaty of Falaise remained in force for the next fifteen years until the new English King Richard the Lionheart, needing money for the Third Crusade, agreed to terminate it in return for 10,000 marks. William also attempted to purchase Northumbria from Richard, however his offer of 15,000 marks was rejected due to him wanting all the castles within the lands, something Richard was not willing to concede.
Relations between Scotland and England remained tense during the first decade of the 13th century and in August 1209 King John decided to exploit the weakening leadership of the ageing Scottish monarch by marching a large army to Norham on the south side of the River Tweed. William bought John off with the promise of a large sum of money, and later, in 1212, he agreed to his only surviving son Alexander, marrying John's eldest daughter, Joan.
William I died in Stirling in 1214 and lies buried in Arbroath Abbey, which he is credited with founding in 1178. He was succeeded by his son, who reigned as Alexander II.
William I was not known as "the Lion" during his own lifetime, the title was attached to him because of his flag or standard, a red lion rampant on a yellow background which went on to become the Royal Banner of Scotland which is still used today.
William I died in 1214 but although Alexander II was 16 years old when he came to the throne, it would appear that he continued his father's issues for some 15 years and struck no coins in his own name until around 1230.
*Alex
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125 - Aurelian - RIC 394 Bust Type CAntoninianus
Obv:– IMP AVRELIANVS AVG, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev:- IOVI CONSER, Emperor standing right with scepter accepting globe from Jupiter.
Minted in Uncertain Balkan Mint. (//B). Phase 2. Autumn 272 – Autumn 273
Reference:– RIC 394 Bust Type C. RIC temp #2516 (citing 14 examples)
4.29 g. 23.49 mm. 180 degrees maridvnvm
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125 - Aurelian Ant. - RIC - RIC temp #2671.1Obv:- IMP C L DOM AVRELIANVS P F AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right
Rev:- ORIENS AVG, Mars in military dress stg. right, holding long sceptre in left hand, receiving globe from Sol standing left, holding whip in left hand, resting with right foot on a bound captive in oriental dress seated left, head turned right
Minted in Serdica (–/–//XXI(•)P(•)). Issue 7, Phase 2. April – November A.D. 274
Reference:- RIC Unlisted, RIC temp #2671.1 corr. (this coin)
Same reverse die as RIC temp #2672maridvnvm
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13. Phaselis: Tetradrachm in the name of Alexander the Great.Tetradrachm, 206 / 05 BC, Phaselis mint.
Obverse: Head of Alexander as Herakles, wearing lion's skin headdress.
Reverse: ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ / Zeus sitting, holding his attendant eagle and sceptre. ΙΓ and Φ at left.
16.59 gm., 30 mm.
P. #2853.
The letters ΙΓ are a date: year 13. The dated coinage of Phaselis runs from year 1 through year 33. The coinage of Phaselis came to an end in 186 BC when the Treaty of Apamea gave Rhodes control over Lycia. That makes year 13 correspond to 206 / 205 BC. See pages 346 - 49 of Price, vol. I. Callimachus
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1301a, Diocletian, 284-305 A.D. (Antioch)DIOCLETIAN (284 – 305 AD) AE Antoninianus, 293-95 AD, RIC V 322, Cohen 34. 20.70 mm/3.1 gm, aVF, Antioch. Obverse: IMP C C VAL DIOCLETIANVS P F AVG, Radiate bust right, draped & cuirassed; Reverse: CONCORDIA MILITVM, Jupiter presents Victory on a globe to Diocletian, I/XXI. Early Diocletian with dusty earthen green patina.
De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families
Diocletian ( 284-305 A.D.)
Ralph W. Mathisen
University of South Carolina
Summary and Introduction
The Emperor Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus (A.D. 284-305) put an end to the disastrous phase of Roman history known as the "Military Anarchy" or the "Imperial Crisis" (235-284). He established an obvious military despotism and was responsible for laying the groundwork for the second phase of the Roman Empire, which is known variously as the "Dominate," the "Tetrarchy," the "Later Roman Empire," or the "Byzantine Empire." His reforms ensured the continuity of the Roman Empire in the east for more than a thousand years.
Diocletian's Early Life and Reign
Diocletian was born ca. 236/237 on the Dalmatian coast, perhaps at Salona. He was of very humble birth, and was originally named Diocles. He would have received little education beyond an elementary literacy and he was apparently deeply imbued with religious piety He had a wife Prisca and a daughter Valeria, both of whom reputedly were Christians. During Diocletian's early life, the Roman empire was in the midst of turmoil. In the early years of the third century, emperors increasingly insecure on their thrones had granted inflationary pay raises to the soldiers. The only meaningful income the soldiers now received was in the form of gold donatives granted by newly acclaimed emperors. Beginning in 235, armies throughout the empire began to set up their generals as rival emperors. The resultant civil wars opened up the empire to invasion in both the north, by the Franks, Alamanni, and Goths, and the east, by the Sassanid Persians. Another reason for the unrest in the army was the great gap between the social background of the common soldiers and the officer corps.
Diocletian sought his fortune in the army. He showed himself to be a shrewd, able, and ambitious individual. He is first attested as "Duke of Moesia" (an area on the banks of the lower Danube River), with responsibility for border defense. He was a prudent and methodical officer, a seeker of victory rather than glory. In 282, the legions of the upper Danube proclaimed the praetorian prefect Carus as emperor. Diocletian found favor under the new emperor, and was promoted to Count of the Domestics, the commander of the cavalry arm of the imperial bodyguard. In 283 he was granted the honor of a consulate.
In 284, in the midst of a campaign against the Persians, Carus was killed, struck by a bolt of lightning which one writer noted might have been forged in a legionary armory. This left the empire in the hands of his two young sons, Numerian in the east and Carinus in the west. Soon thereafter, Numerian died under mysterious circumstances near Nicomedia, and Diocletian was acclaimed emperor in his place. At this time he changed his name from Diocles to Diocletian. In 285 Carinus was killed in a battle near Belgrade, and Diocletian gained control of the entire empire.
Diocletian's Administrative and Military Reforms
As emperor, Diocletian was faced with many problems. His most immediate concerns were to bring the mutinous and increasingly barbarized Roman armies back under control and to make the frontiers once again secure from invasion. His long-term goals were to restore effective government and economic prosperity to the empire. Diocletian concluded that stern measures were necessary if these problems were to be solved. He felt that it was the responsibility of the imperial government to take whatever steps were necessary, no matter how harsh or innovative, to bring the empire back under control.
Diocletian was able to bring the army back under control by making several changes. He subdivided the roughly fifty existing provinces into approximately one hundred. The provinces also were apportioned among twelve "dioceses," each under a "vicar," and later also among four "prefectures," each under a "praetorian prefect." As a result, the imperial bureaucracy became increasingly bloated. He institutionalized the policy of separating civil and military careers. He divided the army itself into so-called "border troops," actually an ineffective citizen militia, and "palace troops," the real field army, which often was led by the emperor in person.
Following the precedent of Aurelian (A.D.270-275), Diocletian transformed the emperorship into an out-and-out oriental monarchy. Access to him became restricted; he now was addressed not as First Citizen (Princeps) or the soldierly general (Imperator), but as Lord and Master (Dominus Noster) . Those in audience were required to prostrate themselves on the ground before him.
Diocletian also concluded that the empire was too large and complex to be ruled by only a single emperor. Therefore, in order to provide an imperial presence throughout the empire, he introduced the "Tetrarchy," or "Rule by Four." In 285, he named his lieutenant Maximianus "Caesar," and assigned him the western half of the empire. This practice began the process which would culminate with the de facto split of the empire in 395. Both Diocletian and Maximianus adopted divine attributes. Diocletian was identified with Jupiter and Maximianus with Hercules. In 286, Diocletian promoted Maximianus to the rank of Augustus, "Senior Emperor," and in 293 he appointed two new Caesars, Constantius (the father of Constantine I ), who was given Gaul and Britain in the west, and Galerius, who was assigned the Balkans in the east.
By instituting his Tetrarchy, Diocletian also hoped to solve another problem. In the Augustan Principate, there had been no constitutional method for choosing new emperors. According to Diocletian's plan, the successor of each Augustus would be the respective Caesar, who then would name a new Caesar. Initially, the Tetrarchy operated smoothly and effectively.
Once the army was under control, Diocletian could turn his attention to other problems. The borders were restored and strengthened. In the early years of his reign, Diocletian and his subordinates were able to defeat foreign enemies such as Alamanni, Sarmatians, Saracens, Franks, and Persians, and to put down rebellions in Britain and Egypt. The easter frontier was actually expanded.
.
Diocletian's Economic Reforms
Another problem was the economy, which was in an especially sorry state. The coinage had become so debased as to be virtually worthless. Diocletian's attempt to reissue good gold and silver coins failed because there simply was not enough gold and silver available to restore confidence in the currency. A "Maximum Price Edict" issued in 301, intended to curb inflation, served only to drive goods onto the black market. Diocletian finally accepted the ruin of the money economy and revised the tax system so that it was based on payments in kind . The soldiers too came to be paid in kind.
In order to assure the long term survival of the empire, Diocletian identified certain occupations which he felt would have to be performed. These were known as the "compulsory services." They included such occupations as soldiers, bakers, members of town councils, and tenant farmers. These functions became hereditary, and those engaging in them were inhibited from changing their careers. The repetitious nature of these laws, however, suggests that they were not widely obeyed. Diocletian also expanded the policy of third-century emperors of restricting the entry of senators into high-ranking governmental posts, especially military ones.
Diocletian attempted to use the state religion as a unifying element. Encouraged by the Caesar Galerius, Diocletian in 303 issued a series of four increasingly harsh decrees designed to compel Christians to take part in the imperial cult, the traditional means by which allegiance was pledged to the empire. This began the so-called "Great Persecution."
Diocletian's Resignation and Death
On 1 May 305, wearied by his twenty years in office, and determined to implement his method for the imperial succession, Diocletian abdicated. He compelled his co-regent Maximianus to do the same. Constantius and Galerius then became the new Augusti, and two new Caesars were selected, Maximinus (305-313) in the east and Severus (305- 307) in the west. Diocletian then retired to his palace at Split on the Croatian coast. In 308 he declined an offer to resume the purple, and the aged ex-emperor died at Split on 3 December 316.
Copyright (C) 1996, Ralph W. Mathisen, University of South Carolina
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
Cleisthenes
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1301b, Diocletian, 20 November 284 - 1 March 305 A.D.Diocletian. RIC V Part II Cyzicus 256 var. Not listed with pellet in exegrue
Item ref: RI141f. VF. Minted in Cyzicus (B in centre field, XXI dot in exegrue)Obverse:- IMP CC VAL DIOCLETIANVS AVG, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right. Reverse:- CONCORDIA MILITVM, Diocletian standing right, holding parazonium, receiving Victory from Jupiter standing left with scepter.
A post reform radiate of Diocletian. Ex Maridvnvm.
De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families
Diocletian ( 284-305 A.D.)
Ralph W. Mathisen
University of South Carolina
Summary and Introduction
The Emperor Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus (A.D. 284-305) put an end to the disastrous phase of Roman history known as the "Military Anarchy" or the "Imperial Crisis" (235-284). He established an obvious military despotism and was responsible for laying the groundwork for the second phase of the Roman Empire, which is known variously as the "Dominate," the "Tetrarchy," the "Later Roman Empire," or the "Byzantine Empire." His reforms ensured the continuity of the Roman Empire in the east for more than a thousand years.
Diocletian's Early Life and Reign
Diocletian was born ca. 236/237 on the Dalmatian coast, perhaps at Salona. He was of very humble birth, and was originally named Diocles. He would have received little education beyond an elementary literacy and he was apparently deeply imbued with religious piety He had a wife Prisca and a daughter Valeria, both of whom reputedly were Christians. During Diocletian's early life, the Roman empire was in the midst of turmoil. In the early years of the third century, emperors increasingly insecure on their thrones had granted inflationary pay raises to the soldiers. The only meaningful income the soldiers now received was in the form of gold donatives granted by newly acclaimed emperors. Beginning in 235, armies throughout the empire began to set up their generals as rival emperors. The resultant civil wars opened up the empire to invasion in both the north, by the Franks, Alamanni, and Goths, and the east, by the Sassanid Persians. Another reason for the unrest in the army was the great gap between the social background of the common soldiers and the officer corps.
Diocletian sought his fortune in the army. He showed himself to be a shrewd, able, and ambitious individual. He is first attested as "Duke of Moesia" (an area on the banks of the lower Danube River), with responsibility for border defense. He was a prudent and methodical officer, a seeker of victory rather than glory. In 282, the legions of the upper Danube proclaimed the praetorian prefect Carus as emperor. Diocletian found favor under the new emperor, and was promoted to Count of the Domestics, the commander of the cavalry arm of the imperial bodyguard. In 283 he was granted the honor of a consulate.
In 284, in the midst of a campaign against the Persians, Carus was killed, struck by a bolt of lightning which one writer noted might have been forged in a legionary armory. This left the empire in the hands of his two young sons, Numerian in the east and Carinus in the west. Soon thereafter, Numerian died under mysterious circumstances near Nicomedia, and Diocletian was acclaimed emperor in his place. At this time he changed his name from Diocles to Diocletian. In 285 Carinus was killed in a battle near Belgrade, and Diocletian gained control of the entire empire.
Diocletian's Administrative and Military Reforms
As emperor, Diocletian was faced with many problems. His most immediate concerns were to bring the mutinous and increasingly barbarized Roman armies back under control and to make the frontiers once again secure from invasion. His long-term goals were to restore effective government and economic prosperity to the empire. Diocletian concluded that stern measures were necessary if these problems were to be solved. He felt that it was the responsibility of the imperial government to take whatever steps were necessary, no matter how harsh or innovative, to bring the empire back under control.
Diocletian was able to bring the army back under control by making several changes. He subdivided the roughly fifty existing provinces into approximately one hundred. The provinces also were apportioned among twelve "dioceses," each under a "vicar," and later also among four "prefectures," each under a "praetorian prefect." As a result, the imperial bureaucracy became increasingly bloated. He institutionalized the policy of separating civil and military careers. He divided the army itself into so-called "border troops," actually an ineffective citizen militia, and "palace troops," the real field army, which often was led by the emperor in person.
Following the precedent of Aurelian (A.D.270-275), Diocletian transformed the emperorship into an out-and-out oriental monarchy. Access to him became restricted; he now was addressed not as First Citizen (Princeps) or the soldierly general (Imperator), but as Lord and Master (Dominus Noster) . Those in audience were required to prostrate themselves on the ground before him.
Diocletian also concluded that the empire was too large and complex to be ruled by only a single emperor. Therefore, in order to provide an imperial presence throughout the empire, he introduced the "Tetrarchy," or "Rule by Four." In 285, he named his lieutenant Maximianus "Caesar," and assigned him the western half of the empire. This practice began the process which would culminate with the de facto split of the empire in 395. Both Diocletian and Maximianus adopted divine attributes. Diocletian was identified with Jupiter and Maximianus with Hercules. In 286, Diocletian promoted Maximianus to the rank of Augustus, "Senior Emperor," and in 293 he appointed two new Caesars, Constantius (the father of Constantine I ), who was given Gaul and Britain in the west, and Galerius, who was assigned the Balkans in the east.
By instituting his Tetrarchy, Diocletian also hoped to solve another problem. In the Augustan Principate, there had been no constitutional method for choosing new emperors. According to Diocletian's plan, the successor of each Augustus would be the respective Caesar, who then would name a new Caesar. Initially, the Tetrarchy operated smoothly and effectively.
Once the army was under control, Diocletian could turn his attention to other problems. The borders were restored and strengthened. In the early years of his reign, Diocletian and his subordinates were able to defeat foreign enemies such as Alamanni, Sarmatians, Saracens, Franks, and Persians, and to put down rebellions in Britain and Egypt. The easter frontier was actually expanded.
.
Diocletian's Economic Reforms
Another problem was the economy, which was in an especially sorry state. The coinage had become so debased as to be virtually worthless. Diocletian's attempt to reissue good gold and silver coins failed because there simply was not enough gold and silver available to restore confidence in the currency. A "Maximum Price Edict" issued in 301, intended to curb inflation, served only to drive goods onto the black market. Diocletian finally accepted the ruin of the money economy and revised the tax system so that it was based on payments in kind . The soldiers too came to be paid in kind.
In order to assure the long term survival of the empire, Diocletian identified certain occupations which he felt would have to be performed. These were known as the "compulsory services." They included such occupations as soldiers, bakers, members of town councils, and tenant farmers. These functions became hereditary, and those engaging in them were inhibited from changing their careers. The repetitious nature of these laws, however, suggests that they were not widely obeyed. Diocletian also expanded the policy of third-century emperors of restricting the entry of senators into high-ranking governmental posts, especially military ones.
Diocletian attempted to use the state religion as a unifying element. Encouraged by the Caesar Galerius, Diocletian in 303 issued a series of four increasingly harsh decrees designed to compel Christians to take part in the imperial cult, the traditional means by which allegiance was pledged to the empire. This began the so-called "Great Persecution."
Diocletian's Resignation and Death
On 1 May 305, wearied by his twenty years in office, and determined to implement his method for the imperial succession, Diocletian abdicated. He compelled his co-regent Maximianus to do the same. Constantius and Galerius then became the new Augusti, and two new Caesars were selected, Maximinus (305-313) in the east and Severus (305- 307) in the west. Diocletian then retired to his palace at Split on the Croatian coast. In 308 he declined an offer to resume the purple, and the aged ex-emperor died at Split on 3 December 316.
Copyright (C) 1996, Ralph W. Mathisen, University of South Carolina
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
Cleisthenes
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132 - Probus - RIC 028 - Bust Type F (Lugdunum) (III)Obv:– IMP C M AVR PROBVS AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right
Rev:– FIDES MILITVM, Fides standing left, holding two ensigns
Mint – Lugdunum (III) Emission 2, Officina 3, 2nd Phase. November to December A.D. 276
Reference:– Cohen 256. Bastien 168. RIC 28 Bust type F
Weight 3.66g. 21.59mm. 180 degreesmaridvnvm
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132 - Probus - RIC 028 - Bust Type F (Lugdunum) (III)Obv:– IMP C M AVR PROBVS AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right
Rev:– FIDES MILITVM, Fides standing left, holding two ensigns
Mint – Lugdunum (III) Emission 2, Officina 3, 2nd Phase. November to December A.D. 276
Reference:– Cohen 256. Bastien 168. RIC 28 Bust type F
3.66 gms. 21.51 mm. 0 degrees.maridvnvm
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132 - Probus - RIC 031 - Bust Type FObv:– IMP C M AVR PROBVS AVG, Radiate cuirassed bust right
Rev:– LAETITIA AVGVSTI, Laetitia standing left holding wreath and staff
Minted in Lugdunum (IIII) Emission 3 Officina 4. Minted Start A.D. 277
Reference:– Cohen 329. Bastien 182 (29). RIC 31 Bust Type F
Weight 3.20g. 23.52mm. 180 degrees
Nearly fully silvered.
Clashed die resulting in obverse profile being seen on the reverse.
Possibly Minted in Lugdunum (IIII) Emission 2, 2nd Phase Officina 4. November to December A.D. 276. Bastien 172 (28) maridvnvm
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132 - Probus - RIC 543 - Radiate, cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield (Ticinum) (ΔXXI)Obv:– VIRTVS PROBI AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield.
Rev:– MARTI PACIF, Mars walking left, holding olive-branch, spear and shield
Minted in Ticinum (ΔXXI) Emission 6, second phase with XXI, Officina 2. A.D. 279
Reference:– RIC 543 Radiate, cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield (Rare)maridvnvm
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132 - Probus - RIC 544 Bust type H (Ticinum)Obv:– IMP C PROBVS AVG CONS III, Radiate bust left in imperial mantle, holding sceptre surmounted by eagle
Rev:– MARTI PACIF, Mars walking left, holding olive-branch, spear and shield
Minted in Ticinum (//ΔXXI) Emission 6, second phase with XXI, Officina 2. A.D. 279
Reference:– RIC 544 Bust Type H (R2)
Ex-Forvmmaridvnvm
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132 - Probus - RIC 544 Bust type H (Ticinum)Obv:– IMP C PROBVS AVG CONS III, Radiate bust left in imperial mantle, holding sceptre surmounted by eagle
Rev:– MARTI PACIF, Mars walking left, holding olive-branch, spear and shield
Minted in Ticinum (//ΔXXI) Emission 6, second phase with XXI, Officina 2. A.D. 279
Reference:– RIC 544 Bust Type H (R2)
2.46 gms, 21.43 mm. 180 degrees
Ex-Forvm maridvnvm
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132 - Probus - RIC 547 Bust type F (Ticinum) (EXXI)Obv:– IMP C PROBVS AVG, Radiate cuirassed bust right, wearing aegis, fold of paludamentum on left shoulder
Rev:– PAX AVG, Pax standing left, holding olive-branch and sceptre
Mint – Ticinum (//EXXI), 6th emission, second phase (with XXI), 279 CE.
Reference(s) – RIC 547 Bust Type F
0 degrees. 3.98 gms. 21.16 mmmaridvnvm
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132 - Probus - RIC 548 var. - Radiate, heroically nude bust left, holding spear and aegis, seen from back (Ticinum) (ΔXXI)Obv:– VIRTVS PROBI AVG, Radiate, heroically nude bust left, holding spear and aegis, seen from back. ("Square shield" in RIC)
Rev:– PAX AVG, Pax standing left, holding olive-branch and sceptre
Minted in Ticinum (EXXI), Emission 6, second phase with XXI, Officina 5. A.D. 279
Reference:– RIC 548 var Heroic Bust Type (Unlisted with this bust type in RIC)maridvnvm
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132 - Probus - RIC 573 Bust Type FAntonianus
Obv:–IMP C PROBVS AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right
Rev:– SECVRIT PERP, Securitas standing left, legs crossed, leaning on column, right hand raised to head
Minted in Ticinum (Cursive Digamma XXI). 6th emission, second phase (with XXI), A.D. 279
Reference:– RIC 573 Bust type F (C).
4.98 gms, 23.65 mm. 180 degrees.maridvnvm
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1349 Aurelian - AE antoninianusuncertain Balkan mint
autumn 272 – autumn 273 AD
Issue 2, Phase 1
radiate, cuirassed bust right
IMP AVREL_IANVS AVG
female standing right holding wreath, crowning Aurelian standing left wearing military dress, holding long scepter
RESTITVT·O_RBIS
A
LV 9004-97; RIC 1st 399
http://www.ric.mom.fr/en/coin/2498
4,0g 23mm
ex NaumannJ. B.
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161-180 AD - MARCUS AURELIUS AE sestertius - struck 163-164 ADobv: M AVREL ANTONINVS AVG ARMENIACVS P M (laureated bearded head right)
rev: VICT AVG TR P XVIII IMP II COS III (Victory standing right holding trophy a captive Armenian at her feet), S-C in field
ref: RIC 890 (S), Cohen 984 (12 Francs 1878), BMC 1092
21.14gms, 30mm,
Rare
History: After the death of Antoninus Pius the parthian king, Vologaesus III run over Armenia in 161 AD. The Expeditio orientalis was started the next year from Capua,Italy. Statius Priscus, Avidius Cassius and Martius Verus were entrusted with command of the legions while Marcus Aurelius conducted affairs of the state back in Rome. The 5 year campaign (161 – 166 AD) against Parthia proved to be as decisive as any war in recent Roman history. A Roman candidate once again sat the Armenian throne and Parthia had been thoroughly defeated. This coin commemorate the end of the first phase of the Parthian War.berserker
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171 - Magnentius - Centenionalis - RIC VIII Trier 260Obv:– IM CAE MAGN-ENTIVS AVG, bare-headed, draped, cuirassed bust right, A behind bust
Rev:– FEL TEMP-REPARATIO, emperor standing left on galley, holding Victory and labarum, Victory seated at the helm. A in left field
Mint – Trier (//TRS). 1st Phase. 18th January A.D. 350 to 27th February A.D. 350
Reference(s) – Cohen 11. Bastien 11 (12). RIC VIII Trier 260maridvnvm
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171 - Magnentius - Centenionalis - RIC VIII Trier 260Obv:– IM CAE MAGN-ENTIVS AVG, bare-headed, draped, cuirassed bust right, A behind bust
Rev:– FEL TEMP-REPARATIO, emperor standing left on galley, holding Victory and labarum, Victory seated at the helm. A in left field
Mint – Trier (//TRS). 1st Phase. 18th January A.D. 350 to 27th February A.D. 350
Reference(s) – Cohen 11. Bastien 11 (12). RIC VIII Trier 260 maridvnvm
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172 - Decentius - AE Centenionalis - RIC 24 var (error)AE Maiorina.
Obv:- D N DECENTIVS NOB CAES, Bare-headed, cuirassed bust right
Rev:- VICTORIAE DD N(sic) AVG ET CAE, Two Victory's standing facing each other, between them holding a shield, surmounted by a Chi-Rho inscribed VOT V MVLT X in four lines
Minted in Amiens (//AMB crescent). 6th Phase August - End A.D. 352
Reference(s) – cf Bastien 126 (reverse legend error); C.-; RIC 24 var (reverse legend error)
4.01 gms, 22.57 mm. 0 degreesmaridvnvm
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19. Continental "Porcupine" sceat.AR sceat, ca. 720-40. Mint: likely Dorestad or Domburg.
Obverse: Porcupine-like figure, three parallel lines in curve.
Reverse: Standard with VOT /.\ design. Small cross on each side of standard.
1.09 gm., 12 mm.
North #48; Seaby #786; Metcalf Secondary phase, Series E .
Although the porcupine sceattas are found extensively in England, most of them were likely minted in what is today The Netherlands. The coins identified by Metcalf as being of the secondary (“Kloster Barthe”) phase were likely minted in Dorestad or Domburg rather than Friesland, ca. 720-40.
Reference:
Metcalf, Michael; and Op den Velde, Wybrand. "The Monetary Economy of the Netherlands, c. 690 – c. 760 and the Trade with England: A Study of the “Porcupine” Sceattas of Series E." Volume I. 2010. 284 pp.
The above work contains “. . . a dauntingly large amount of detailed information about the porcupine sceattas . . .” (p. 262). I hope the information I’ve gathered about this coin is correct.Callimachus
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1er Emission - 1er Phase - (mi 260) - Trèves - SALVS PROVINCIARVMIMP C M CASS LAT POSTIMVS P F AVG
SALVS PROVINCIARVM
variante divinité fluviale sans cornes
EG 1
CUNETIO 2367
ELMER 117
AGK 87a
de Witte ...
Cohen ...PYL
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1er Emission - 1er Phase - (mi 260) - Trèves - SALVS PROVINCIARVMIMP C M CASS LAT POSTIMVS P F AVG
SALVS PROVINCIARVM
variante divinité fluviale avec cornes
EG 2
CUNETIO 2368
ELMER 117
AGK 88a
de Witte ...
Cohen ...PYL
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1er Emission - 1er Phase - (mi 260) - Trèves - SALVS PROVINCIARVMIMP C M CASS LAT POSTIMVS P F AVG (sic)
SALVS PROVINCIARVM
variante divinité fluviale sans cornes
EG 1
CUNETIO 2367
ELMER 117
AGK 87a
de Witte ...
Cohen ...PYL
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1er Emission - 1er Phase - (mi 260) - Trèves - VICTORIA AVGIMP C M CASS LAT POSTIMVS P F AVG
VICTORIA AVG
variante une seconde aile visible
EG 3
Cunetio 2369
RIC ...
Elmer 118
AGK 97a
de Witte ...
Cohen ...PYL
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1er Emission - 1er Phase - (mi 260) - Trèves - VICTORIA AVGIMP C M CASS LAT POSTIMVS P F AVG
VICTORIA AVG
variante une seule aile de visiblePYL
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1er Emission - 2e Phase - (mi 260-261) - Trèves - HERC DEVSONIENSIIMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG
HERC DEVSONIENSI
EG 5
CUNETIO 2378
ELMER 124
AGK ...
de Witte 76
Cohen 91PYL
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1er Emission - 2e Phase - (mi 260-261) - Trèves - SALVS PROVINCIARVMIMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG
SALVS PROVINCIARVM
variante divinité fluviale avec cornes
EG 9
CUNETIO 2372
RIC 87
ELMER 123
AGK 88c
de Witte 290
Cohen 355PYL
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1er Emission - 2e Phase - (mi 260-261) - Trèves - SALVS PROVINCIARVMIMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG
SALVS PROVINCIARVM
variante divinité fluviale avec cornes
EG 9
CUNETIO 2372
RIC 87
ELMER 123
AGK 88c
de Witte 290
Cohen 355PYL
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1er Emission - 2e Phase - (mi 260-261) - Trèves - SALVS PROVINCIARVMIMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG
SALVS PROVINCIARVM
variante divinité fluviale sans cornes
EG 8
CUNETIO 2371
RIC 87
ELMER (123)
AGK 87c
de Witte ...
Cohen ...PYL
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