| Image search results - "nicomedia" |
Follis, 527-537, Nicomedia, 2nd officina, 29mm, 16.1g, green patina.vercingetorix
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Constantine the Great, Commemorative, AD 330-335, Nicomedia Mint
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Close up of mintmark from different angles/lighting for coin suspected to be from NicomediaMatthew W2
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Phocas. 602-610. Æ Follis – 40 Nummi (32mm, 12.92 g, 6h). Thessalonica mint. Dated RY 5 (606/7). Crowned facing bust, wearing consular robes, holding mappa and cross / Large XXXX; ANNO above, Ч to right; TЄS. DOC 47; MIBE 91; SB 653. Good VF, dark brown-black patina, hint of earthen deposits, cleaning marks. Overstruck on a Nicomedia follis of Maurice Tiberius (SB 512). Quant.Geek
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Constantine I Ae 3. Nicomedia Mint
Ancient Coins - Constantine I Ae 3. Nicomedia Mint zoom view
C. 328-329 AD
Reverse: PROVIDENTIAE AVGG, camp gate, SMNΓ in ex.
Toned with a super portrait and good metal.
Ref: RIC 153
3.13g
20mm
paul1888
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ARCADIUS. 383-408 AD. Nicomedia mint. AE2.
Ovb: Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right. D N ARCADIVS P F AVG .
Rev: GLORIA ROMANORVM, emperor standing facing, head right, holding labarum and globe. In exergue SMNB.
RIC 46bAntonivs Protti
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Falling horsemanAll 15 official mints.
Alexandria
Amiens
Antioch
Aquileia
Arles
Constantinople
Cyzicus
Heraclea
Lyons
Nicomedia
Rome
Sirmium
Siscia
Thessalonica
Trier
Barbaous Mint
Updated coins with a new background (thanks Jay!)Randygeki(h2)
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Constantius II RIC VIII 84 NicomediaSilvered AE 22
Obverse: DN CONSTAN-TIVS PF AVG: pearl diademed, draped bust right.
Reverse: FEL TEMP REPARATIO, soldier spearing a fallen horseman who is bearded, wears cap, reaching backwards.
Dot SMNA gamma ex. Gamma in left field.
RIC VIII 84 Nicomedia. 21.81 mm., 4.8 g.
sold 4-2018NORMAN K
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JUSTINIAN I, AE Decanummium (10 Nummi), struck 558/559 at NicomediaObverse: D N IVSTINIANVS P P AVG. Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust of Justinian I facing right.
Reverse: Large I surmounted by cross, A/N/N/O in field to left and regnal year X/X/X/II in field to right; in exergue, NIK.
Diameter: 17mm | Weight: 3.8gms | Die Axis: 12
SBCV: 205 | DOC: 138a.3
Justinian I introduced the system of dating on the Byzantine bronze coinage in the 12th year of his reign (Regnal year 538/39).
558: In this year the dome of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople collapsed due to an earthquake and Justinian I ordered it to be rebuilt.
559: A combined force of Kutrigurs and Huns crossed the frozen Danube River and invaded the Balkans in this year. But, after they had raided Thracia and Macedonia, the Byzantine general Belisarius, with a force consisting of a few thousand hastily raised levies and his veteran cavalry, defeated them at the Battle of Melantias, near Constantinople.
*Alex
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4 GaleriusGALERIUS
AE Folles, Nicomedia Mint, 307-308 / 310-311
IMP C GAL VAL MAXIMIANVS PF AVG, bust l. / GENIO AV-GVSTI CM[H], Genius standing left holding patera and, cornucopiae, SMN delta in ex
RIC VI Nicomedia 54a/66a (identical)
Sosius
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6 Maximinus IIMAXIMINUS II
AE Follis, Nicomedia, 307-308 AD
GAL VAL MAXIMINVS NOB CAES, bust l. / GENIO CA-ESARIS CM[H], Genius with patera and cornucopia, SMN gamma in ex.
RIC VI Nicomedia 55 Sosius
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8 LiciniusLICINIUS I
AE Follis, Nicomedia, 313-317 AD
IMP C VAL LICIN LICINIVS PF AVG, Laureate bust r. / IOVI CONS-ERVATORI, Jupiter standing left, holding Victory on globe and sceptre, eagle with wreath to left, A in r. field, SMN in ex.
RIC VII Nicomedia 13, VF/EF, silvered. R1.Sosius
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Constantius II, Nicomedia RIC VIII 49Constantius II, AE 4. 347-348 CE.
Obverse: DN CONSTAN-TIVS PF AVG, pearl diademed bust right.
Reverse: VOT XX MVLT XXX within wreath.
Mintmark SMND, Nicomedia13.2 mm, 1.4 g.
NORMAN K
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Licinius I AE Follis, RIC 13 Nicomedia, 313-317 CE
Obverse: IMP C VAL LICIN LICINIVS PF AVG, laureate head right.
Reverse: IOVI CONS-ERVATORI, Jupiter standing left, chlamys across left shoulder, holding Victory on globe and eagle-tipped sceptre; eagle with wreath at foot left.
Officina letter B in right field.
Mintmark SMNT. Nicomedia 23.2 mm., 2.8 g.
NORMAN K
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Prusias II Cynegos - AENicomedia
c. 180-150 BC
head of Dionysos right wearing ivy-wreath
Centaur Chieron walking right, wearing cloak, playing lyre
BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΠPOYΣIOY
(NΦ)
SNG Cop 640; BMC Pontus p. 210, 8; Rec Gen II.3 p. 225, 26; SNGvA 256 var. (monogram); HGC 7 629; SGCV II 7266
5,5g 20mmJ. B.
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(0222) SEVERUS ALEXANDER222 - 235 AD
AE 21.5 mm, 3.84 g
O: M AVP CEV ALEXANDROC AV, laureate head right
R: NIKOMHDEWN DIC NEW/K, aquila between two miliary standards. SNGCop 577v (bust radiate). SNGCop 57
Nicomedia, Bithynialaney
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(0235) MAXIMUS CAESAR235 - 238 AD
AE27 mm max., 7.33 g
O: G IOV OVHP MAZIMOC KAICA, draped & cuirassed bust right
R: NIKOMEDEWN DIC NEWKORWN, Serapis standing left with raised hand and leaning on sceptre
Bithynia, Nicomedia; Recuiel General 347 v.laney
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(0308) LICINIUS I308 - 324 AD
AE 20.5 mm 2.85 g
O: IMP C VAL LICIN LICINIVS PF AVG, rad dr cuir bust right
R: IOVI CONSERVATORI, Jupiter standing left holding Victory on globe, seated captive at feet on right, eagle with wreath at left, X/IIGdamma in right field,
SMNA in exe
Nicomedia
RIC VII 44laney
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(0309) MAXIMINUS II DAIACaesar 305-308; Filius Augustorum 308-309; Augustus 309-313 AD.
struck 309 - 313 AD
AE 21.5 mm 4.04 g
O: IMP C GAL VAL MAXIMINVS PF AVG
LAUR HEAD R
R: GENIO AVGVSTI
GENIUS STANDING L POURING FROM PATERS, HOLDING CORNUCOPIAE, EAGLE AT FEET, GAMMA IN R FIELD
SMNA IN EXE
NICOMEDIAlaney
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(0309) MAXIMINUS II DAIACaesar 305-308; Filius Augustorum 308-309; Augustus 309-313 AD.
struck 305-308 AD
AE 23.5 mm 4.86 g
O: GAL VAL MIXIMINVS NOB CAES , Laureate bust right REVERSE: GENIO CAESARIS , Genius standing left holding patera and cornucopiae; SMNA in exe.
Nicomedia mint
laney
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(0317) CRISPUS317 - 326 AD
AE 18 mm 3.84 g
O: DN FL IVL CRISPVS NOB CAES, laureate, cuirassed bust right
R: PROVIDEN-TIAE CAESS, Jupiter standing left, chlamys across left shoulder, holding Victory on globe & leaning on scepter; pellet over Gamma in right field, palm branch in left field
SMN in exe. Nicomedia
RIC VII 32 (R2)laney
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(0317) LICINIUS II317 - 320 AD
AE 18 mm 2.60 g
O: D N VAL LICIN LICINIVS NOB C, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right
R: PROVIDENTIAE CAESS, Jupiter standing left holding Victory on globe & scepter, branch left, dot over B right
SMN in ex.
Nicomedia RIC 34 (R2)
laney
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(0317) LICINIUS II317 - 324 AD (Caesar)
AE 19.1 mm 2.78 g
O D N VAL LICIN LICINIVS NOB C, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right;
R: PROVIDENTIAE CAESS, Jupiter standing left, scepter in left, Victory on globe presenting wreath in right, palm frond left, pellet over Δ right, SMN in ex;
Nicomedia mint; RIC VII 34; scarce
(ex-Forum)laney
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(0317) LICINIUS II(0317) LICINIUS II
317 - 324 AD (Caesar)
AE 19.5 mm 3.37 g
O: D N VAL LICIN LICINIVS NOB C, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right;
R: PROVIDENTIAE CAESS, Jupiter standing left, scepter in left, Victory on globe presenting wreath in right, palm frond left, pellet over Δ right, SMN in ex;
Nicomedia mint; RIC VII 34; scarcelaney
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(0337) CONSTANTIUS II337 - 361 AD
AE 17.5 mm; 1.92 g
O: DN CONSTANTIVS PF AVG, pearl diademed cuirassed bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO, Soldier spearing fallen Phyrgian horseman who is reaching back' SMNG in exe.
Nicomedia mint
laney
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(0351) CONSTANTIUS GALLUS351 - 354 AD
AE17 X 19 mm; 4.00 g
Obv: DN FL CL CONSTANTIVS NOB CEAS Bareheaded, draped and cuirassed bust of emperor, right.
Rev: FEL TEMP RE PARATIO Helmeted soldier to left, shield on left arm , spearing falling horseman; SMNA in exe.
Nicomedia mint
laney
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(0367) GRATIAN367 - 383 AD
struck 378 - 383 AD (2nd Officina)
AE nummus 13.5 mm; 0.96 g
O: DN GRATIANVS PF AVG diademed draped bust right
R: VOT XX MVLT XXX in three lines within wreath; SMNB in exe.
Nicomedia mint; RIC 39a; scarcelaney
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(0367) GRATIAN--VIRTVS367 - 383 AD
AE 18.5 mm 2.89 g
O: D N GRATIANVS P F AVG, DIADEMED DRAPED BUST RIGHT
R: VIRTVS ROMANORVM, ROMA SEATED FACING, HEAD LEFT, HOLDING GLOBE & SCEPTER
SMNA IN EXE.
NICOMEDIA
RIC IX 33 (RARE)laney
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(0375) VALENTINIAN II375 - 392 AD
AE 11.5 mm; 1.24 g
O: [D N VALEN]TINIANVS P F AVG, pearl diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right;
R: SALVS REI-P[VBLICAE], Victory walking left, trophy over shoulder and, dragging captive behind her; Chi-Rho in left field
SM--? in exe; Cyzicus or Nicomedia mintlaney
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(0375) VALENTINIAN II--GLORIA (GALLEY)370 - 392 AD
AE 23 mm 5.37 g
O: DN VALENTINIANVS PF AVG
DIAD DR CUIR BUST R IN CRESTED HELMET, HOLDING SPEAR & SHIELD
R: GLORIA ROMANORVM
EMPEROR STANDING L ON PRO OF GALLEY BEING STEERED BY VICTORY, DOT IN L FIELD
SMNB IN EXE
NICOMEDIA
RIC IX Nicomedia 25b-5
laney
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(0383) ARCADIUS383 - 408 AD
Struck 383 - 388 AD
AE 23 mm 4.71 g
O: DN ARCADIVS PF AVG
DIAD DR CUIR BUST R HOLDING SPEAR, CROWNED BY HAND OF GOD ABOVE
R: GLORIA ROMANORVM
ARCADIUS STANDING FACING, HEAD L, HOLDING CHI-RHO STANDARD & SHIELED, CAPTIVE TO LEFT
SMNB IN EXE
NICOMEDIAlaney
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(0393) HONORIUS393 - 423 AD
AE 22 mm 4.74 g
O: DN HONORIVS PF AVG
DIAD DR CUIR BUST R
R: HONORIUS STANDING HLDING LABARUM AND GLOBE
NICOMEDIAlaney
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(0527) JUSTINIAN I527-565 AD
Æ Half Follis
O: Helmeted and cuirassed facing bust, holding globus cruciger and shield; cross to right
R: Large K, ANNO to left, cross above, XX/VI to right, NI below
Nicomedia
laney
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(0527) JUSTINIAN I527 - 565 AD
AE DECANUMMIUM 16.5 mm 4.02 g
O: DIAD DR CUIR BUST R
R: LARGE I, CROSS ON EACH SIDE, NIK IN EXE
NICOMEDIA
SEAR 204
(EB)
laney
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(0527) JUSTINIAN I (Husband of Empress Theodora)527-565 AD
Æ Half Follis
O: Helmeted and cuirassed facing bust, holding globus cruciger and shield; cross to right
R: Large K, ANNO to left, cross above, XX/VI to right, NI below
Nicomedialaney
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(0527)JUSTINIAN I527 - 565 AD
AE Half Follis 23.5 mm 7.16 g
O: Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Reverse: Long cross dividing N/I to left OF LARGE K, B TO RIGHT
SEAR SB 202, Nicomedia
laney
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*SOLD*Constantine the Great AE3
Attribution: RIC VII 153, Nicomedia
Date: AD 328-329
Obverse: CONSTAN-TINVS AVG; head r. w/ pearl diadem
Reverse: RPVIDEN-TIAE AVGG; camp gate, two turrets, no doors, star above
Size: 18.54 mm
Weight: 3.1 gramsNoah
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*SOLD*Constantius II AE2
Attribution: RIC VIII 67, Nicomedia
Date: AD 348-351
Obverse: DN CONSTAN-TIVS PF AVG, pearl diademed, draped,
cuirassed bust l., holding globe
Reverse: FEL TEMP-REPARATIO, emperor standing l., holding labarum in r. hand,
resting l. hand on shield; two bound captives kneeling before him, SMNA in exergue
Size: 21 mm
Weight: 4.04 gramsNoah
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001. VRBS Roma NicomediaRIC VII Nicomedia 195 R1
ecoli
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001. VRBS ROMA Nicomedia R4RIC VII Nicomedia 205 R4
VRBS ROMA Mule
ecoli
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002. Constantine II GLORIA EXERCITVS NicomediaRIC VIII Nicomedia 5
ecoli
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002. CONSTANTINOPOLIS Nicomedia RIC VII Nicomedia 196 R4
ecoli
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002. CONSTANTINOPOLIS Nicomedia CONSTAN-TINOPOLI
RIC VII Nicomedia 196
ecoli
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0039 Constans - AE 4?
347-348 AD
rosette-diadem head right
D N CONSTA_NS P F AVG
VOT / XX / . / MVLT / XXX within wreath
??
RIC VIII (Heraclea 48, 52, Constantinople 70, Nicomedia 52, Nicomedia 59, Cyzicus 52, 58)
1,15g 14mmJ. B.
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004. Constantius II Nicomedia FEL TEMPNicomedia 104 C3
ecoli
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004. CONSTANTIUS II Nicomedia Fel TempNicomedia 104 C3
ecoli
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004. Constantius II Nicomedia VotaConstantius II
FL IVL CONSTAN-TIVS PF AVG
VOT XX MVLT XXX
dot SMN theta dot
RIC VIII Nicomedia 55
ecoli
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008 - Constantius II (augustus 347-355 AD), AE2 - RIC 71Obv: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG, pearl-diadem, draped and ciurassed bust left, globe in hand.
Rev: FEL TEMP REPARATIO, emperor in military dress, standing left, holding standard with chi-rho on banner, left hand on chield. Two kneeling captives at feet, leaning to left. Star in field.
Minted in Nicomedia (SMNgamma), officina 3.pierre_p77
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012 - Theodosius I (379-395 AD), AE 2 - RIC 46aObv: DN THEODO-SIVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Rev: GLORIA ROMANORVM, emperor standing, facing, head right, holding standard and globe.
Minted in Nicomedia (SMNA in exe), first officina, 15 may 392 - 17 jan. 395 AD.pierre_p77
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049p Septimius Severus (193-211 A.D.), Bithynia, Nicomedia, Rec.Gen. 178, BMC 41, AE-26, Οctastyle temple, #1049p Septimius Severus (193-211 A.D.), Bithynia, Nicomedia, Rec.Gen. 178, BMC 41, AE-26, Οctastyle temple, #1
avers: AY K Λ CEΠT CEVHPOC, Radiate head right.
reverse: NIKOMH ΔEΩN ΔIC NEΩKO PΩN, Οctastyle temple with Countermark.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 26,0-27,0mm, weight:11,37g, axis:1h,
mint: Bithynia, Nicomedia, date: ?? ,
ref: Rec.Gen. 178, BMC 41,
Q-001quadrans
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06. Constantine: Nicomedia.AE 4, 347 - 348, Nicomedia mint.
Obverse: DV CONSTANTINVS PT AVGG / Veiled bust of Constantine.
Reverse: VN MR / Constantine standing, veiled.
Mint mark: SMNI .
.96 gm., 14 mm.
RIC #57; LRBC #1155; Sear #17469.
VN MR stands for Venerabilis Memoria (Revered Memory).
RIC dates this coin 347 - 348, which was the 10'th anniversary of Constantine's death. LRBC, however, dates it to 341 - 346.
Callimachus
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060 LICINIUS IEMPEROR: Licinius I
DENOMINATION: AE follis
OBVERSE: AD 317-320. IMP LICI-NIVS AVG, laureate bust left in consular robe, holding globe, sceptre and mappa
REVERSE: IOVI CONS-ERVATORI AVGG, Jupiter standing left, chlamys across left shoulder, holding Victory on globe and eagle-tipped sceptre. Palm branch angled, Z in right field
EXERGUE: SMN
DATE: 317-320 AD
MINT: Nicomedia
WEIGHT: 3.17 g
RIC: RIC VII Nicomedia 24
Barnaba6
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062p Severus Alexander (222-235 A.D.), Bithynia, Nicomedia, AE-22, NI-KO/MH−ΔЄ/Ω−N/ΔIC NЄΩ/K, Octastyle temple,062p Severus Alexander (222-235 A.D.), Bithynia, Nicomedia, AE-22, NI-KO/MH−ΔЄ/Ω−N/ΔIC NЄΩ/K, Octastyle temple,
avers:- M-AYP-ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟC-K, Laureate head right.
revers:- ΝΙ−ΚΟ / ΜΗ−ΔЄ / Ω−Ν / ΔΙC ΝЄΩ / Κ, octastyle temple set on two-tiered base, pellet in pediment.
exe: -/-//--, diameter: 22mm, weight: 9,07g, axis: 5h,
mint: Bithynia, Nicomedia, date: 222-235 A.D., ref: ,
Q-001quadrans
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064p Julia Mamaea ( ??-235 A.D.), Bithynia, Nicomedia, AE-19, NIKOMHΔЄΩN-ΔIC-NЄΩK, Astakos ?,064p Julia Mamaea ( ??-235 A.D.), Bithynia, Nicomedia, AE-19, NIKOMHΔЄΩN-ΔIC-NЄΩK, Astakos ?,
avers:- IOVΛIA-MAMAIA-AVG,
revers:- NIKOMHΔЄΩN-ΔIC-NЄΩK, Astakos ?,
exe: -/-//--, diameter: 19mm, weight: 3,47g, axis: 7h,
mint: Bithynia, Nicomedia, date: ??? A.D., ref: Not listed ???,
Q-001quadrans
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0658 Focas, 602-610Bronze follis, 32.24mm, 11.51g, gVF
Struck 603-604 at Nicomedia
d m [FOCA - PE]R AVG, bust facing wearing consular robes and crown with cross on circlet, mappa in right, eagle tipped scepter in left / XXXX, ANNO above, II right, NIKO A in exg
Certificate of Authenticity by David R. Sear, ACCS
Ex: Forvm Ancient Coins; Harlan Berk
Unpublished with this date: year 2. cf. Sear 658 (years 3 and 4)Lawrence W
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0659 Focas, 602-610Æ follis, 31.6mm, 11.1g, aF
Struck 606-607 at Nicomedia
DM FOCA PER AVG, bust of facing, wearing crown with pendilia and consular robes, and holding mappa and cross / [X]XXX with ANNO above, regnal year II at right, NIKO A in exg. Overstrike, apparently on follis of Maurice Tiberius
Ex: Glenn W. Woods
Sear 659; MIB 69bLawrence W
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0661 Focas, 602-610Æ half follis, 23.4mm, 5.18g, Fair
Struck 602-603 at Nicomedia
Phocas and Leontia standing facing, with Phocas holding globus cruciger and Leontia, nimbate, holding cruciform sceptre, a cross between their heads / XX, cross above and NIKO B in exg. Scarce early issue, dark brown patina. Polished.
Ex: Glenn W. Woods
Sear 661; MIB 71Lawrence W
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073a. DiocletianAugustus/Co-Augustus 284-305
Dalmatian who rose to power by defeating Carinus. Established the Tetrarchy, a system of two emperors and two caesars. Although perhaps logical in theory, it faced problems relatively quickly. The machinations involving the power struggles among the augusti and caesars are much too complicated to give a thumbnail sketch, but began soon after the creation of the system and led to its collapse. Diocletian ruled the East with his capital at Nicomedia. He associated himself with Jupiter and tried to stamp out Christianity. He retired in 305 to his villa in what is now Split, Croatia, and lived until about 316.
lawrence c
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080b02. Galeria ValeriaAE follis. 27mm, 6.19 g. Nicomedia. AD 308-310. Obv: GAL VAL-ERIA AVG, diademed and draped bust right. Rev: VENERI VI-CTRICI CMH, Venus standing facing, head left, holding apple and drapery. Mintmark SMNgamma. RIC VI Nicomedia 57; Sear 14595.lawrence c
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083a18. Constantine IAE follis. 18.5 mm, 3.00 g. 328-329 AD. CONSTANTINVS MAX AVG, rosette-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right. / PROVIDENTIAE AVGG, campgate with two turrets, no door, star above, mintmark SMNA. Nicomedia RIC VII 156, Alawrence c
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084a02. Licinius I AE3. 19.4 mm, 2.427 g. 2nd officina, Nicomedia (Izmit, Turkey) mint, 321 - 324 A.D. Obv: IMP C VAL LICIN LICINIVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right. Rev: IOVI CONSERVATORI (to Jupiter the protector), Jupiter standing slightly left, nude but for chlamys over shoulders, Victory on globe presenting wreath in right hand, long eagle-topped scepter vertical in left hand, eagle standing left with wreath in beak at feet on left, in right field: X/IIΓ over bound bearded captive seated right and looking left, SMNB in exergue. Hunter V 143 (also 2nd officina), RIC VII Nicomedia 44 (R2), SRCV IV 15223, Cohen VII 74. A FORUM coin.
lawrence c
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084b03. Licinius IIAs Caesar, BI Nummus. Nicomedia, AD 321-324. D N VAL LICIN LICINIVS NOB C, helmeted and cuirassed bust to left, holding spear over shoulder and shield / IOVI CONSERVATORI, Jupiter standing to left, holding Victory on globe and eagle-tipped sceptre, eagle with wreath in beak at feet to left, captive at feet to right; X above II(half-'M' symbol) in right field, SMNB in exergue. RIC VII 49 var. (bust type); Roma E-56, lot 1121. 3.05g, 19mm, 12h. Roma Numismatics Auction 88, Lot 1282.
lawrence c
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09 Constantius GallusConstantius Gallus
DN FL CL CONSTANTIVS NOB CAES
bare-headed, draped, cuirassed bust right
FEL TEMP RE-PARATIO
soldier standing left, spearing a fallen horseman,
hair straight up, no beard, reaching (hair type not in RIC)
SMN[?]
Nicomedia 97 var
C
ex DSRandygeki(h2)
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09 Constantius IIConstantius II, 22 May 337 - 3 November 361 A.D.
Bronze AE 2, D N CONSTAN-TIVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right; reverse FEL TEMPRE-PARATIO, Star in left, soldier spearing Horseman, no beard, Phrygian helmet, clutching, SMNA in ex Nicomedia 63, R
Better PhotoRandygeki(h2)
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09 Constantius IIConstantius II
DN CONSTAN-TIVS PF AVG
pearl-diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right
FEL TEMP RE-PARATIO
Soldier spearing falling horseman, no beard Phrygian helmet, reaching
SMNS in ex, gamma left
Nicomedia 84Randygeki(h2)
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09 Constantius IIConstantius II
DN CONSTAN-TIVS PF AVG
pearl-diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right
FEL TEMP RE-PARATIO
Soldier spearing falling horseman, Phrygian helmet, reaching
dot SMN gamma in ex, gamma left
Nicomedia 84Randygeki(h2)
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090a09. ConstansAE3. 19mm, 4.05 g. Nicomedia, 348-350 AD. Obv: D N CONSTA-NS P F AVG, Pearl-diademed, draped, cuirassed bust left, globe in right hand. Rev: FEL TEMP REPA-RATIO, Helmeted soldier, spear in left hand, walking right, head left; leading a small bare-headed figure from a hut beneath a tree. Star in upper left field. Mintmark SMNA. RIC 172.lawrence c
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0968 Hadrian, Cistophorus BITHYNIA Koinon of Bithynia mint, TempleReference.
RPC III, 968; RIC II 461b; Metcalf, Cistophori, type B1; RSC 240b; Pinder 100
Issue Reverse legend includes COM BIT
Obv. IMP CAES TRA HADRIANO AVG P P
Laureate head right
Rev. COM - BIT (in field), ROM S P AVG (in entablature)
Octastyle temple on podium of three steps
10.52 gr
27 mm
6 h
Note.
The temple depicted is that of Roma and Augustus erected by the koinon of Bithynia at Nicomedia, of which no archaeological remains have been discovered.
Cistophori were produced in the name of the Commune Bithyniae only once, under Hadrian. The inscription on the frieze, reconstructed as ROM(ae) S(enatui) P(opulo) AVG(usto) and translated as "To Rome, the Senate, the People, and Augustus" tentatively identifies the building as a temple of Rome and Augustus at Nicomedia. No archaeological remains of this structure have as yet been found, and reconstructions of it are based entirely on the second century numismatic evidence. Both Tacitus and Dio Cassius report that in 19 BC Augustus did authorize the construction of a temple to Rome and himself at Pergamum, an event commemorated on his cistophori there. No such evidence for a temple at Nicomedia occurs earlier than this cistophorus.okidoki
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0969 Hadrian, Cistophorus BITHYNIA Koinon of Bithynia mint, TempleReference.
RPC III, 969; RIC II 461b; Metcalf Metcalf B2
Issue Reverse legend includes COM BIT
Obv. IMP CAES TRA HADRIANO AVG P P
Laureate head right
Rev. COM - BIT (in field), ROM S P AVG (in entablature)
Octastyle temple on podium of three steps; three pellets in pediment
10.52 gr
27 mm
6h
Note.
The temple depicted is that of Roma and Augustus erected by the koinon of Bithynia at Nicomedia, of which no archaeological remains have been discovered.
Cistophori were produced in the name of the Commune Bithyniae only once, under Hadrian. The inscription on the frieze, reconstructed as ROM(ae) S(enatui) P(opulo) AVG(usto) and translated as "To Rome, the Senate, the People, and Augustus" tentatively identifies the building as a temple of Rome and Augustus at Nicomedia. No archaeological remains of this structure have as yet been found, and reconstructions of it are based entirely on the second century numismatic evidence. Both Tacitus and Dio Cassius report that in 19 BC Augustus did authorize the construction of a temple to Rome and himself at Pergamum, an event commemorated on his cistophori there. No such evidence for a temple at Nicomedia occurs earlier than this cistophorus.okidoki
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1.51 Constantine as Filius Augustorum: Alexandria follis.Follis, 308-310, Alexandria mint.
Obverse: FL VAL CONSTANTINVS FIL AVG / Laureate bust of Constantine.
Reverse: GENIO CAESARIS / Genius standing, modius on head, chlamys over left shoulder, holding patera and cornucopiae. K in left field; A and P in right field.
Mint mark: ALE
6.08 gm., 24 mm.
RIC #99b; PBCC #1191; Sear #15585 var.
The obverse legend shows Constantine as "Filius Augustorum" -- an empty title granted him after the conference at Carnuntum in November 308. Coins with this title were issued for a short time at 5 mints under the control of Galerius (Siscia, Thessalonica, Nicomedia, Antioch, Alexandria). This title was not recognized in the area under the control of Constantine himself, nor in Italy which was under the control of Maxentius.
Callimachus
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1.54 Constantine as Filius Augustorum: Siscia follis.Follis, 309 - 310, Siscia mint.
Obverse: CONSTANTINVS FIL AVGG / Laureate bust of Constantine.
Reverse: GENIO AVGVSTI / Genius standing, chlamys over left shoulder, pouring liquid from patera, and holding cornucopiae. Crescent in left field; A in right field.
Mint mark: SIS
6.14 gm., 24 mm.
RIC #200b; PBCC #786; Sear #15581.
The obverse legend shows Constantine as "Filius Augustorum" -- an empty title granted him after the conference at Carnuntum in November 308. Coins with this title were issued for a short time at 5 mints under the control of Galerius (Siscia, Thessalonica, Nicomedia, Antioch, Alexandria). This title was not recognized in the area under the control of Constantine himself, nor in Italy which was under the control of Maxentius.Callimachus
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104a16. Theodosius IÆ2. AD 383-388. 23.86 mm., 5.31 g. Obverse: DN THEODO-SIVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right. Reverse: VIRTVS E-XERCITI, emperor standing right, holding labarum and globe, foot on seated captive, palm branch in left field; SMNΔ in exergue. RIC IX 44b Nicomedia. lawrence c
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107a02. ArcadiusAE2. 22.6mm, 4.68 g. 3rd officina, Nicomedia (Izmit, Turkey) 25 Aug 383 - 28 Aug 388 A.D. Obv: D N ARCADIVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right. Rev: VIRTVS EXERCITI (courage of the army), emperor standing right, left foot on captive, vexillum behind in right, globe in left hand, SMNΓ in exergue. RIC IX Nicomedia 44(c)2. A FORUM coin.lawrence c
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1108 NicomediaLRBC I 1108
RIC VII 153mauseus
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111-Constantine The Great-19-SAE Follis, 313-317 AD , Nicomedia mint.
Obv: IMP C FL VAL CONSTANTINVS PF AVG, Laureate head right.
Rev: IOVI CONSERVATORI, Jupiter standing holding Victory on globe and sceptre. Eagle at feet with wreath in beak, S right.
SMN in exergue.
19mm, 3.3gm.
RIC12
Jerome Holderman
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114- Constantine The Great -22-SAE Follis, 313-317 AD , Nicomedia mint.
Obv: IMP C FL VAL CONSTANTINVS PF AVG, Laureate head right.
Rev: IOVI CONSERVATORI, Jupiter standing holding Victory on globe and sceptre. Eagle at feet with wreath in beak, Z right.
SMN in exergue.
21mm, 3.1gm.
RIC12
Jerome Holderman
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12. Constans / Wreath.AE 4, 347 - 348, Nicomedia mint.
Obverse: DN CONSTANS P F AVG / Diademed bust of Constans.
Reverse: VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath.
Mint mark: SMNΔ.
1.08 gm., 14 mm.
RIC #59; LRBC #1157; Sear #18643.Callimachus
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1301a, Diocletian, 284-305 A.D. (Antioch)DIOCLETIAN (284 – 305 AD) AE Antoninianus, 293-95 AD, RIC V 322, Cohen 34. 20.70 mm/3.1 gm, aVF, Antioch. Obverse: IMP C C VAL DIOCLETIANVS P F AVG, Radiate bust right, draped & cuirassed; Reverse: CONCORDIA MILITVM, Jupiter presents Victory on a globe to Diocletian, I/XXI. Early Diocletian with dusty earthen green patina.
De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families
Diocletian ( 284-305 A.D.)
Ralph W. Mathisen
University of South Carolina
Summary and Introduction
The Emperor Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus (A.D. 284-305) put an end to the disastrous phase of Roman history known as the "Military Anarchy" or the "Imperial Crisis" (235-284). He established an obvious military despotism and was responsible for laying the groundwork for the second phase of the Roman Empire, which is known variously as the "Dominate," the "Tetrarchy," the "Later Roman Empire," or the "Byzantine Empire." His reforms ensured the continuity of the Roman Empire in the east for more than a thousand years.
Diocletian's Early Life and Reign
Diocletian was born ca. 236/237 on the Dalmatian coast, perhaps at Salona. He was of very humble birth, and was originally named Diocles. He would have received little education beyond an elementary literacy and he was apparently deeply imbued with religious piety He had a wife Prisca and a daughter Valeria, both of whom reputedly were Christians. During Diocletian's early life, the Roman empire was in the midst of turmoil. In the early years of the third century, emperors increasingly insecure on their thrones had granted inflationary pay raises to the soldiers. The only meaningful income the soldiers now received was in the form of gold donatives granted by newly acclaimed emperors. Beginning in 235, armies throughout the empire began to set up their generals as rival emperors. The resultant civil wars opened up the empire to invasion in both the north, by the Franks, Alamanni, and Goths, and the east, by the Sassanid Persians. Another reason for the unrest in the army was the great gap between the social background of the common soldiers and the officer corps.
Diocletian sought his fortune in the army. He showed himself to be a shrewd, able, and ambitious individual. He is first attested as "Duke of Moesia" (an area on the banks of the lower Danube River), with responsibility for border defense. He was a prudent and methodical officer, a seeker of victory rather than glory. In 282, the legions of the upper Danube proclaimed the praetorian prefect Carus as emperor. Diocletian found favor under the new emperor, and was promoted to Count of the Domestics, the commander of the cavalry arm of the imperial bodyguard. In 283 he was granted the honor of a consulate.
In 284, in the midst of a campaign against the Persians, Carus was killed, struck by a bolt of lightning which one writer noted might have been forged in a legionary armory. This left the empire in the hands of his two young sons, Numerian in the east and Carinus in the west. Soon thereafter, Numerian died under mysterious circumstances near Nicomedia, and Diocletian was acclaimed emperor in his place. At this time he changed his name from Diocles to Diocletian. In 285 Carinus was killed in a battle near Belgrade, and Diocletian gained control of the entire empire.
Diocletian's Administrative and Military Reforms
As emperor, Diocletian was faced with many problems. His most immediate concerns were to bring the mutinous and increasingly barbarized Roman armies back under control and to make the frontiers once again secure from invasion. His long-term goals were to restore effective government and economic prosperity to the empire. Diocletian concluded that stern measures were necessary if these problems were to be solved. He felt that it was the responsibility of the imperial government to take whatever steps were necessary, no matter how harsh or innovative, to bring the empire back under control.
Diocletian was able to bring the army back under control by making several changes. He subdivided the roughly fifty existing provinces into approximately one hundred. The provinces also were apportioned among twelve "dioceses," each under a "vicar," and later also among four "prefectures," each under a "praetorian prefect." As a result, the imperial bureaucracy became increasingly bloated. He institutionalized the policy of separating civil and military careers. He divided the army itself into so-called "border troops," actually an ineffective citizen militia, and "palace troops," the real field army, which often was led by the emperor in person.
Following the precedent of Aurelian (A.D.270-275), Diocletian transformed the emperorship into an out-and-out oriental monarchy. Access to him became restricted; he now was addressed not as First Citizen (Princeps) or the soldierly general (Imperator), but as Lord and Master (Dominus Noster) . Those in audience were required to prostrate themselves on the ground before him.
Diocletian also concluded that the empire was too large and complex to be ruled by only a single emperor. Therefore, in order to provide an imperial presence throughout the empire, he introduced the "Tetrarchy," or "Rule by Four." In 285, he named his lieutenant Maximianus "Caesar," and assigned him the western half of the empire. This practice began the process which would culminate with the de facto split of the empire in 395. Both Diocletian and Maximianus adopted divine attributes. Diocletian was identified with Jupiter and Maximianus with Hercules. In 286, Diocletian promoted Maximianus to the rank of Augustus, "Senior Emperor," and in 293 he appointed two new Caesars, Constantius (the father of Constantine I ), who was given Gaul and Britain in the west, and Galerius, who was assigned the Balkans in the east.
By instituting his Tetrarchy, Diocletian also hoped to solve another problem. In the Augustan Principate, there had been no constitutional method for choosing new emperors. According to Diocletian's plan, the successor of each Augustus would be the respective Caesar, who then would name a new Caesar. Initially, the Tetrarchy operated smoothly and effectively.
Once the army was under control, Diocletian could turn his attention to other problems. The borders were restored and strengthened. In the early years of his reign, Diocletian and his subordinates were able to defeat foreign enemies such as Alamanni, Sarmatians, Saracens, Franks, and Persians, and to put down rebellions in Britain and Egypt. The easter frontier was actually expanded.
.
Diocletian's Economic Reforms
Another problem was the economy, which was in an especially sorry state. The coinage had become so debased as to be virtually worthless. Diocletian's attempt to reissue good gold and silver coins failed because there simply was not enough gold and silver available to restore confidence in the currency. A "Maximum Price Edict" issued in 301, intended to curb inflation, served only to drive goods onto the black market. Diocletian finally accepted the ruin of the money economy and revised the tax system so that it was based on payments in kind . The soldiers too came to be paid in kind.
In order to assure the long term survival of the empire, Diocletian identified certain occupations which he felt would have to be performed. These were known as the "compulsory services." They included such occupations as soldiers, bakers, members of town councils, and tenant farmers. These functions became hereditary, and those engaging in them were inhibited from changing their careers. The repetitious nature of these laws, however, suggests that they were not widely obeyed. Diocletian also expanded the policy of third-century emperors of restricting the entry of senators into high-ranking governmental posts, especially military ones.
Diocletian attempted to use the state religion as a unifying element. Encouraged by the Caesar Galerius, Diocletian in 303 issued a series of four increasingly harsh decrees designed to compel Christians to take part in the imperial cult, the traditional means by which allegiance was pledged to the empire. This began the so-called "Great Persecution."
Diocletian's Resignation and Death
On 1 May 305, wearied by his twenty years in office, and determined to implement his method for the imperial succession, Diocletian abdicated. He compelled his co-regent Maximianus to do the same. Constantius and Galerius then became the new Augusti, and two new Caesars were selected, Maximinus (305-313) in the east and Severus (305- 307) in the west. Diocletian then retired to his palace at Split on the Croatian coast. In 308 he declined an offer to resume the purple, and the aged ex-emperor died at Split on 3 December 316.
Copyright (C) 1996, Ralph W. Mathisen, University of South Carolina
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
Cleisthenes
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1301b, Diocletian, 20 November 284 - 1 March 305 A.D.Diocletian. RIC V Part II Cyzicus 256 var. Not listed with pellet in exegrue
Item ref: RI141f. VF. Minted in Cyzicus (B in centre field, XXI dot in exegrue)Obverse:- IMP CC VAL DIOCLETIANVS AVG, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right. Reverse:- CONCORDIA MILITVM, Diocletian standing right, holding parazonium, receiving Victory from Jupiter standing left with scepter.
A post reform radiate of Diocletian. Ex Maridvnvm.
De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families
Diocletian ( 284-305 A.D.)
Ralph W. Mathisen
University of South Carolina
Summary and Introduction
The Emperor Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus (A.D. 284-305) put an end to the disastrous phase of Roman history known as the "Military Anarchy" or the "Imperial Crisis" (235-284). He established an obvious military despotism and was responsible for laying the groundwork for the second phase of the Roman Empire, which is known variously as the "Dominate," the "Tetrarchy," the "Later Roman Empire," or the "Byzantine Empire." His reforms ensured the continuity of the Roman Empire in the east for more than a thousand years.
Diocletian's Early Life and Reign
Diocletian was born ca. 236/237 on the Dalmatian coast, perhaps at Salona. He was of very humble birth, and was originally named Diocles. He would have received little education beyond an elementary literacy and he was apparently deeply imbued with religious piety He had a wife Prisca and a daughter Valeria, both of whom reputedly were Christians. During Diocletian's early life, the Roman empire was in the midst of turmoil. In the early years of the third century, emperors increasingly insecure on their thrones had granted inflationary pay raises to the soldiers. The only meaningful income the soldiers now received was in the form of gold donatives granted by newly acclaimed emperors. Beginning in 235, armies throughout the empire began to set up their generals as rival emperors. The resultant civil wars opened up the empire to invasion in both the north, by the Franks, Alamanni, and Goths, and the east, by the Sassanid Persians. Another reason for the unrest in the army was the great gap between the social background of the common soldiers and the officer corps.
Diocletian sought his fortune in the army. He showed himself to be a shrewd, able, and ambitious individual. He is first attested as "Duke of Moesia" (an area on the banks of the lower Danube River), with responsibility for border defense. He was a prudent and methodical officer, a seeker of victory rather than glory. In 282, the legions of the upper Danube proclaimed the praetorian prefect Carus as emperor. Diocletian found favor under the new emperor, and was promoted to Count of the Domestics, the commander of the cavalry arm of the imperial bodyguard. In 283 he was granted the honor of a consulate.
In 284, in the midst of a campaign against the Persians, Carus was killed, struck by a bolt of lightning which one writer noted might have been forged in a legionary armory. This left the empire in the hands of his two young sons, Numerian in the east and Carinus in the west. Soon thereafter, Numerian died under mysterious circumstances near Nicomedia, and Diocletian was acclaimed emperor in his place. At this time he changed his name from Diocles to Diocletian. In 285 Carinus was killed in a battle near Belgrade, and Diocletian gained control of the entire empire.
Diocletian's Administrative and Military Reforms
As emperor, Diocletian was faced with many problems. His most immediate concerns were to bring the mutinous and increasingly barbarized Roman armies back under control and to make the frontiers once again secure from invasion. His long-term goals were to restore effective government and economic prosperity to the empire. Diocletian concluded that stern measures were necessary if these problems were to be solved. He felt that it was the responsibility of the imperial government to take whatever steps were necessary, no matter how harsh or innovative, to bring the empire back under control.
Diocletian was able to bring the army back under control by making several changes. He subdivided the roughly fifty existing provinces into approximately one hundred. The provinces also were apportioned among twelve "dioceses," each under a "vicar," and later also among four "prefectures," each under a "praetorian prefect." As a result, the imperial bureaucracy became increasingly bloated. He institutionalized the policy of separating civil and military careers. He divided the army itself into so-called "border troops," actually an ineffective citizen militia, and "palace troops," the real field army, which often was led by the emperor in person.
Following the precedent of Aurelian (A.D.270-275), Diocletian transformed the emperorship into an out-and-out oriental monarchy. Access to him became restricted; he now was addressed not as First Citizen (Princeps) or the soldierly general (Imperator), but as Lord and Master (Dominus Noster) . Those in audience were required to prostrate themselves on the ground before him.
Diocletian also concluded that the empire was too large and complex to be ruled by only a single emperor. Therefore, in order to provide an imperial presence throughout the empire, he introduced the "Tetrarchy," or "Rule by Four." In 285, he named his lieutenant Maximianus "Caesar," and assigned him the western half of the empire. This practice began the process which would culminate with the de facto split of the empire in 395. Both Diocletian and Maximianus adopted divine attributes. Diocletian was identified with Jupiter and Maximianus with Hercules. In 286, Diocletian promoted Maximianus to the rank of Augustus, "Senior Emperor," and in 293 he appointed two new Caesars, Constantius (the father of Constantine I ), who was given Gaul and Britain in the west, and Galerius, who was assigned the Balkans in the east.
By instituting his Tetrarchy, Diocletian also hoped to solve another problem. In the Augustan Principate, there had been no constitutional method for choosing new emperors. According to Diocletian's plan, the successor of each Augustus would be the respective Caesar, who then would name a new Caesar. Initially, the Tetrarchy operated smoothly and effectively.
Once the army was under control, Diocletian could turn his attention to other problems. The borders were restored and strengthened. In the early years of his reign, Diocletian and his subordinates were able to defeat foreign enemies such as Alamanni, Sarmatians, Saracens, Franks, and Persians, and to put down rebellions in Britain and Egypt. The easter frontier was actually expanded.
.
Diocletian's Economic Reforms
Another problem was the economy, which was in an especially sorry state. The coinage had become so debased as to be virtually worthless. Diocletian's attempt to reissue good gold and silver coins failed because there simply was not enough gold and silver available to restore confidence in the currency. A "Maximum Price Edict" issued in 301, intended to curb inflation, served only to drive goods onto the black market. Diocletian finally accepted the ruin of the money economy and revised the tax system so that it was based on payments in kind . The soldiers too came to be paid in kind.
In order to assure the long term survival of the empire, Diocletian identified certain occupations which he felt would have to be performed. These were known as the "compulsory services." They included such occupations as soldiers, bakers, members of town councils, and tenant farmers. These functions became hereditary, and those engaging in them were inhibited from changing their careers. The repetitious nature of these laws, however, suggests that they were not widely obeyed. Diocletian also expanded the policy of third-century emperors of restricting the entry of senators into high-ranking governmental posts, especially military ones.
Diocletian attempted to use the state religion as a unifying element. Encouraged by the Caesar Galerius, Diocletian in 303 issued a series of four increasingly harsh decrees designed to compel Christians to take part in the imperial cult, the traditional means by which allegiance was pledged to the empire. This began the so-called "Great Persecution."
Diocletian's Resignation and Death
On 1 May 305, wearied by his twenty years in office, and determined to implement his method for the imperial succession, Diocletian abdicated. He compelled his co-regent Maximianus to do the same. Constantius and Galerius then became the new Augusti, and two new Caesars were selected, Maximinus (305-313) in the east and Severus (305- 307) in the west. Diocletian then retired to his palace at Split on the Croatian coast. In 308 he declined an offer to resume the purple, and the aged ex-emperor died at Split on 3 December 316.
Copyright (C) 1996, Ralph W. Mathisen, University of South Carolina
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
Cleisthenes
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1304a, Constantius I, May 305 - 25 July 306 A.D.Silvered follis, RIC 20a, S 3671, VM 25, gVF, Heraclea mint, 10.144g, 27.7mm, 180o, 297 - 298 A.D. Obverse: FL VAL CONSTANTIVS NOB CAES, laureate head right; Reverse GENIO POPVLI ROMANI, Genius standing left, modius on head, naked except for chlamys over shoulder, cornucopia in left, pouring liquor from patera, HTD in exergue; some silvering, nice portrait, well centered.
De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families
Constantius I Chlorus (305-306 A.D.)
Michael DiMaio, Jr.
Salve Regina University
Constantius' Early Life and Marriage
Born March 31st, Emperor Flavius Valerius Constantius may have come into the world ca. 250. His family was from Illyricum. In the army he served as a protector, tribunus, and a praeses Dalmatiarum. During the 270s or the 280s, he became the father of Constantine by Helena, his first spouse. By 288 he was the Praetorian Prefect of the western emperor Maximianus Herculius.
Constantius' Reign as Caesar
On 1 March 293 Diocletian appointed Galerius as his Caesar (junior emperor) in the east and Constantius as the Caesar of Maximianus Herculius. Caesar in the west. Both Caesars had the right of succession. In order to strengthen the dynastic relationship between himself and Herculius., Constantius put aside his wife Helena and married Theodora, the daughter, or perhaps stepdaughter, of Maximianus Herculius.. The union was fruitful and of it there were six issue: Flavius Dalmatius, Julius Constantius, Hannibalianus, Constantia, Anastasia, and Eutropia. To strengthen his bond with Galerius and Diocletian in the east, Constantius allowed Galerius to keep his son Constantine as a hostage for his good behavior.
In the remainder of the time that he was a Caesar, Constantius spent much of his time engaged in military actions in the west. In the summer of 293 Constantius expelled the troops of the usurper Carausius from northern Gaul; after Constantius' attack on Bononia (Boulogne), Carausius was murdered. At the same time he dealt with the unrest of the Germans. In 296 he invaded Britain and put down the revolt of the usurper Allectus. Between 300 and 305 A.D. the Caesar campaigned successfully several times with various German tribes. It is worth noting in passing, that while his colleagues rigidly enforced the "Great Persecution in 303," Constantius limited his action to knocking down a few churches.
Constantius as Augustus and His Untimely Death
On 1 May 305 Diocletian, at Nicomedia, and Maximianus Herculius, at Mediolanum (Milan), divested themselves of the purple, probably because of the almost fatal illness that Diocletian contracted toward the end of 304. Diocletian forced Maximianus to abdicate. They appointed as their successors Constantius and Galerius, with Severus and Maximinus Daia as the new Caesars. The retired emperors then returned to private life. Constantius, as had his predecessor, ruled in the west, while Galerius and Daia ruled in the east. Almost as soon as he was appointed Augustus, he crossed to Britain to face incursions by the Picts where he died at York on 25 July 306 with his son (Constantine I, known to history as “The Great”) at his side.
Copyright (C) 1996, Michael DiMaio, Jr.
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.Cleisthenes
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133 Licinius II. (317-324 A.D.), Nicomedia, RIC VII 034A, palm/•/A//SMN, AE-3 Follis, PROVIDENTIAE CAES S, Jupiter standing left, R2!! #1133 Licinius II. (317-324 A.D.), Nicomedia, RIC VII 034A, palm/•/A//SMN, AE-3 Follis, PROVIDENTIAE CAES S, Jupiter standing left, R2!! #1
avers: D N VAL LICIN LICINIVS NOB C, (6d, B4), Laureate, draped bust right.
reverse: PROVIDENTIAE CAES S, Jupiter standing left, holding Victory on globe and scepter; palm in left down and • over A in right in field.
exergue: palm/•/A//SMN, diameter: 18-19mm, weight: 3,03g, axis: 0h,
mint: Nicomedia, 1st. off., date: 317-320 A.D.,
ref: RIC VII 34A, p-605, R2!!, Sear 15419,
Q-001quadrans
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133 Licinius II. (317-324 A.D.), Nicomedia, RIC VII 034B, palm/•/B//SMN, AE-3 Follis, PROVIDENTIAE CAES S, Jupiter standing left, R1 #1133 Licinius II. (317-324 A.D.), Nicomedia, RIC VII 034B, palm/•/B//SMN, AE-3 Follis, PROVIDENTIAE CAES S, Jupiter standing left, R1 #1
avers: D N VAL LICIN LICINIVS NOB C, (6d, B4), Laureate, draped bust right.
reverse: PROVIDENTIAE CAES S, Jupiter standing left, holding Victory on globe and scepter; palm in left down and • over B in right in field.
exergue: palm/•/B//SMN, diameter: 18-19,0mm, weight: 2,56g, axis: 6h,
mint: Nicomedia, 1st. off., date: 317-320 A.D.,
ref: RIC VII 34B, p-605, R1, Sear 15419,
Q-001quadrans
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136 Constantinus I. (306-309 A.D. Caesar, 309-910 A.D. Filius Augustorum, 307-337 A.D. Augustus), Nicomedia, RIC VI 071c, AE-Follis, -/B//SMN, GENIO AVGVSTI, Genius standing left, Scarce!136 Constantinus I. (306-309 A.D. Caesar, 309-910 A.D. Filius Augustorum, 307-337 A.D. Augustus), Nicomedia, RIC VI 071c, AE-Follis, -/B//SMN, GENIO AVGVSTI, Genius standing left, Scarce!
avers: IMP C FL VAL CONSTANTINVS P F AVG, laureate head right.
reverse: GENIO AVGVSTI, Genius standing left, holding patera over altar and cornucopiae, B right.
exergue: -/B//SMN, diameter: 21,5-22,7mm, weight: 6,06g, axis: 0h,
mint: Nicomedia, date: 312 A.D., ref: RIC VI 71c, Scarce!
Q-001quadrans
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136 Constantinus I. (306-309 A.D. Caesar, 309-910 A.D. Filius Augustorum, 307-337 A.D. Augustus), Nicomedia, RIC VII 188Δ, AE-Follis, -/-//SMNΔ, GLORIA EXERCITVS, Two soldiers with two standards, #1136 Constantinus I. (306-309 A.D. Caesar, 309-910 A.D. Filius Augustorum, 307-337 A.D. Augustus), Nicomedia, RIC VII 188Δ, AE-Follis, -/-//SMNΔ, GLORIA EXERCITVS, Two soldiers with two standards, #1
avers: CONSTANTI NVS MAX AVG, Laurel and rosette-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.
reverse: GLOR IA EXERC ITVS, Two soldiers helmeted, standing facing one another, reversed spear in outer hands, inner hands on shields resting on the ground, between the two standards.
exergue: -/-//SMNΔ, diameter: 17,5mm, weight: 2,48g, axis: 11h,
mint: Nicomedia, date: 330-335 A.D., ref: RIC VII 188Δ,
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137 Nicomedia, RIC VII 195, VRBS ROMA, Commemorative, (330-335 A.D.), AE-3, -/-//SMNΓ, She-wolf left, R1, #1137 Nicomedia, RIC VII 195, VRBS ROMA, Commemorative, (330-335 A.D.), AE-3, -/-//SMNΓ, She-wolf left, R1, #1
avers: VRBS ROMA, Helmeted bust of Roma left.
reverse: She-wolf and twins, 2 stars above with three dots vertically placed between them.
exergue: -/-//SMNΓ, diameter: 17,0-18,0 mm, weight: 2,57 g, axis: 0h,
mint: Nicomedia, date: 330-335 A.D., ref: RIC VII 195, p634, R1!,
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137 Nicomedia, RIC VII 195, VRBS ROMA, Commemorative, (330-335 A.D.), AE-3, -/-//SMNS, She-wolf left, #1137 Nicomedia, RIC VII 195, VRBS ROMA, Commemorative, (330-335 A.D.), AE-3, -/-//SMNS, She-wolf left, #1
avers: VRBS ROMA, Helmeted bust of Roma left.
reverse: She-wolf and twins, 2 stars above with three dots vertically placed between them.
exergue: -/-//SMNS, diameter: 16,0-16,5 mm, weight: 2,39 g, axis: 0h,
mint: Nicomedia, date: 330-335 A.D., ref: RIC VII 195, Sear 16521,
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13823 views
Antoninus Pius 138-61 AD
AE 18 mm
Nicomedia in Bithynia
Rev Demeter standing left
BMC 13mauseus
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139 Helena (? -329 A.D.), AE-3 Follis, Heraclea, RIC VII 079, -/-//SMHΔ, SECVRITAS REIPVBLICA, Securitas standing left, R3!!!,139 Helena (? -329 A.D.), AE-3 Follis, Heraclea, RIC VII 079, -/-//SMHΔ, SECVRITAS REIPVBLICA, Securitas standing left, R3!!!,
avers:- FL HELENA AVGVSTA, 12,E10, Diademed, draped bust right.
revers:- SECVRITAS REIPVBLICA, Securitas standing left, lowering branch with left hand, raising robe with the right hand.
exergo: -/-//SMHΔ, diameter: 19mm, weight: 3,22g, axis: 5h,
mint: Heraclea, date: 324-25 A.D., ref: RIC-VII-79, p-551,
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1401a, St. Helena, Augusta 8 November 324 - 328 to 330 A.D., mother of Constantine the GreatBronze AE 3, RIC 148, VF, Alexandria mint, 3.243g, 19.4mm, 165o, 327 - 328 A.D. Obverse: FL HELENA AVGVSTA, diademed and mantled bust right wearing double necklace; Reverse: SECVRITAS REIPVBLICE, Securitas holding branch downward in right and lifting fold of robe in left, wreath left, I right, SMAL in exergue; rare.
The mother of Constantine the Great, born about the middle of the third century, possibly in Drepanum (later known as Helenopolis) on the Nicomedian Gulf; died about 330. She was of humble parentage; St. Ambrose, in his "Oratio de obitu Theodosii", referred to her as a stabularia, or inn-keeper. Nevertheless, she became the lawful wife of Constantius Chlorus. Her first and only son, Constantine, was born in Naissus in Upper Moesia, in the year 274. The statement made by English chroniclers of the Middle Ages, according to which Helena was supposed to have been the daughter of a British prince, is entirely without historical foundation. It may arise from the misinterpretation of a term used in the fourth chapter of the panegyric on Constantine's marriage with Fausta, that Constantine, oriendo (i. e., "by his beginnings," "from the outset") had honoured Britain, which was taken as an allusion to his birth, whereas the reference was really to the beginning of his reign.
On the death of Constantius Chlorus, in 308, Constantine, who succeeded him, summoned his mother to the imperial court, conferred on her the title of Augusta, ordered that all honour should be paid her as the mother of the sovereign, and had coins struck bearing her effigy. Her son's influence caused her to embrace Christianity after his victory over Maxentius. This is directly attested by Eusebius (Vita Constantini, III, xlvii): "She (his mother) became under his (Constantine's) influence such a devout servant of God, that one might believe her to have been from her very childhood a disciple of the Redeemer of mankind". It is also clear from the declaration of the contemporary historian of the Church that Helena, from the time of her conversion had an earnestly Christian life and by her influence and liberality favoured the wider spread of Christianity. Tradition links her name with the building of Christian churches in the cities of the West, where the imperial court resided, notably at Rome and Trier, and there is no reason for rejecting this tradition, for we know positively through Eusebius that Helena erected churches on the hallowed spots of Palestine. Despite her advanced age she undertook a journey to Palestine when Constantine, through his victory over Licinius, had become sole master of the Roman Empire, subsequently, therefore, to the year 324. It was in Palestine, as we learn from Eusebius (loc. cit., xlii), that she had resolved to bring to God, the King of kings, the homage and tribute of her devotion. She lavished on that land her bounties and good deeds, she "explored it with remarkable discernment", and "visited it with the care and solicitude of the emperor himself". Then, when she "had shown due veneration to the footsteps of the Saviour", she had two churches erected for the worship of God: one was raised in Bethlehem near the Grotto of the Nativity, the other on the Mount of the Ascension, near Jerusalem. She also embellished the sacred grotto with rich ornaments. This sojourn in Jerusalem proved the starting-point of the legend first recorded by Rufinus as to the discovery of the Cross of Christ.
Constantine I, in 327, improved Drepanum, his mother's native town, and decreed that it should be called Helenopolis, it is probable that the latter returned from Palestine to her son who was then residing in the Orient. Constantine was with her when she died, at the advanced age of eighty years or thereabouts (Eusebius, "Vita Const.", III, xlvi). This must have been about the year 330, for the last coins which are known to have been stamped with her name bore this date. Her body was brought to Constantinople and laid to rest in the imperial vault of the church of the Apostles. It is presumed that her remains were transferred in 849 to the Abbey of Hautvillers, in the French Archdiocese of Reims, as recorded by the monk Altmann in his "Translatio". She was revered as a saint, and the veneration spread, early in the ninth century, even to Western countries. Her feast falls on 18 August.
(See The Catholic Encyclopedia: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07202b.htm)
Cleisthenes
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1403g, Constantine I (the Great), early 307 - 22 May 337 A.D. (Nicomedia)Constantine the Great, early 307 - 22 May 337 A.D. Bronze follis, RIC 12, aVF, Nicomedia mint, 2.760g, 22.0mm, 0o, 313 - 317 A.D. Obverse: IMP C FL VAL CONSTANTINVS P F AVG, laureate head right; Reverse: IOVI CONS-ERVATORI, Jupiter standing left holding Victory on globe and scepter, eagle with wreath in beak left, G right, SMN in exergue; scarce.
The Emperor Constantine I was effectively the sole ruler of the Roman world between 324 and 337 A.D.; his reign was perhaps one of the most crucial of all the emperors in determining the future course of western civilization. By beginning the process of making Christianity the religious foundation of his realm, he set the religious course for the future of Europe which remains in place to this very day. Because he replaced Rome with Constantinople as the center of imperial power, he made it clear that the city of Rome was no longer the center of power and he also set the stage for the Middle Ages. His philosophical view of monarchy, largely spelled out in some of the works of Eusebius of Caesarea, became the foundation for the concept of the divine right of kings which prevailed in Europe.
Constantine was not a "Christian convert" in any traditional sense. He was not baptized until close to death, and while that was not an uncommon practice, the mention of Christ in his speeches and decrees is conspicuous by its absence. Eusebius, Church historian and Constantine biographer, is responsible for much of the valorization of Constantine as the Christian Emperor. The somnambulant "sign" in which Constantine was to become victor at the Milvian Bridge is, not so surprisingly, revealed to posterity long after the "fact." Throughout his reign, Constantine continues to portray himself on coins as a sun god (Freeman, Charles. Egypt, Greece and Rome: Civilizations of the Ancient Mediterranean; Second Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. 582). Above all, Constantine was a pragmatist. It would be cynical to egregiously disavow his commitment to Christianity, but it would be equally wrong to think that he would allow Christianity to meddle in the governance of his empire. As he reputedly told a group of bishops, "You are bishops of those within the church, but I am perhaps a bishop appointed by God of those outside." Whatever the motives for his decision to support Christianity, Christianity benefitted from the arrangement. So, too, did Constantine. It was a match made in heaven.
J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
For perhaps the best Constantine The Great site on the web, see Victor Clark's Constantine The Great Coins: http://www.constantinethegreatcoins.com/ Cleisthenes
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