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DECENTIVS - AE Centenionalis - Lugdunum mint - 351/353
Obv.:DN DECENTIVS NOB CAES, cuirassed bust right
Rev.: VICTORIAE DD NN AVG ET CAE, two Victories standing facing holding shield inscribed VOT V MVLT X, *SV in central field. SRLG in ex.
Gs. 4,7 mm. 21,2
Cohen 43Maxentius

Bulgarian trachy of Constantine Tich Asen (1257-1277). Obv: Bust of Christ. Rev: Czar on horseback, holding scepter topped with patriarchal cross. Dumbarton Oaks Vol IV, pl. XLVIII B (3). Alexios

Bulgarian trachy of Constantine Tich Asen (1257-1277). Obv: Bust of Christ, + in left and right fields. Rev: Standing czar holding labarum-headed scepter and globus. Reference: Dumbarton Oaks Vol IV, pl. XLVIII B (1), and Radushev p.171.
Alexios

1 commentsareich

CONSTANTINE II, as Caesar. 317-337 AD. Æ Follis (22mm - 3.19 g). Trier mint. Struck 321 AD.
obv: CONSTANTINVS IVN NOB C, laureate and cuirassed bust left, holding Victory on a globe in right hand, mappa in left
rev: BEATA TRAN-QVILLITAS, globe set on altar inscribed VOT/IS/XX in three lines; PTR. RIC VII 312. EF, attractive brown patina.

ex VAuctions Sale : 213 Lot: 101, seller's picture7 commentsareich

1 commentsMatthew W2

Matthew W2

2 commentsMatthew W2

Matthew W2

Ägypten

5 Piaster

AD 1972 / AH 1392

Vs.: Oben arabische Schrift im Bogen, im Feld Nominal, rechts und links Jahreszahlen, unten Verzierungen

Rs.: Islamischer Falke

Zitat: KM# A428

Erhaltung: Kleiner Fleck, ansonsten Stempelglanz

Metall: Kupfer-Nickel

25 mm, 4,49 g _199Antonivs Protti

Belgien

Medaille 1909 (Bronze)

auf die Eröffnung der Klinik am 14.6.1909, finanziert durch die Gemeinschaftskasse von Industrie und Handel

Gewicht: 19,1g

Durchmesser: 34mm

Erhaltung: zaponiert, min.Rdf., vorzüglich _1298Antonivs Protti

Deutsches Reich -- Kaiserreich

Wilhelm II. 1888-1918

1/2 Mark 1918 D

München

Vorderseite: Jahr und Wert zwischen Eichenzweigen.

Rückseite: Adler zwischen Eichenzweigen.

Erhaltung: Fast Stempelglanz.

Metall: Silber, .900 fein.

Gewicht: 2,7 g.

Durchmesser: 20 mm. _792Antonivs Protti

Deutschland

Medaille o.J. 1990er Jahre (Kupfer-Nickel, vergoldet)

von Sir Roward Hill

auf Hans-Dietrich Genscher

Durchmesser: 39mm

Gewicht: 27,2g

Erhaltung: stempelglanz _290Antonivs Protti

Deutschland

Bremerhaven

Medaille 1982 (Kupfer-Nickel)

auf das Technikmuseum U-Boot Wilhelm Bauer e.v.

Vs.: U-Boot

Rs.: Elefant

Gewicht: 19,0g

Durchmesser: 37mm

Erhaltung: vorzüglich-stempelglanz _798Antonivs Protti

Deutschland

Berlin

Medaille o.J. (Kupfer-Nickel, vergoldet)

von Sir Roward Hill

auf die Gedächtniskirche Berlin

Vs.: Kirche

Rs.: Adler

Gewicht: 26,8g

Durchmesser: 39mm

Erhaltung: stempelglanz _190Antonivs Protti

Libyen

Idris I. 1951-1969

10 Milliemes

AD 1965 / AH 1385

Vs.: Arabische Schrift über Wappen, unten Jahreszahlen

Rs.: Nominal im Kranz, darunter Nominal auf Englisch im Bogen

Rand: Geriffelt

Erhaltung: Stempelglanz

Metall: Kupfer-Nickel

20 mm, 3,22 g _598Antonivs Protti

Libyen

Idris I. 1951-1969

5 Milliemes

AD 1965 / AH 1385

Vs.: Arabische Schrift über Wappen, unten Jahreszahlen

Rs.: Nominal im Kranz, darunter Nominal auf Englisch im Bogen

Erhaltung: Etwas fleckig, ansonsten Stempelglanz

Metall: Nickel-Messing

19-20 mm, 2,52 g _898Antonivs Protti

Libyen

Idris I. 1951-1969

1 Millieme

AD 1965 / AH 1385

Vs.: Arabische Schrift über Wappen, unten Jahreszahlen

Rs.: Nominal im Kranz, darunter Nominal auf Englisch im Bogen

Rand: Glatt

Erhaltung: Etwas fleckig, ansonsten fast Stempelglanz / Stempelglanz

Metall: Nickel-Messing

16 mm, 1,77 g _593Antonivs Protti

Mexiko

5 Pesos

1957 Mo

Münzstätte: Mexiko Stadt

Vs.: Adler mit Schlange im Schnabel auf Kaktus, darunter Eichen- und Lorbeerkranz, darunter Jahr

Rs.: Kopf von Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla

Rand: Geriffelt

Erhaltung: Vorzüglich

Metall: 0.720 Silber

36 mm, 18,04 g _2196Antonivs Protti

Deutsches Reich

Preussen

Königreich

Wilhelm II. (1888-1918)

2 Mark 1901

Münzstätte: Berlin

Anlässlich des 200jährigen Bestehen des Königreiches

Vorderseite: "+FRIEDRICH.I.1701. WILHELM.II.1901." um gestaffelte Brustbilder (nach links), das vordere mit gekröntem Adler auf Helm

Rückseite: "DEUTSCHES REICH 1901 / * ZWEI MARK *" um Krone über Adler mit Wappenschild auf Brusthöhe

Rand geriffelt

feine Kratzer, Vorzüglich / Stempelglanz

Silber (900/1000)

11,1g

Durchmesser ca. 28mm

AKS # 136

Jaeger # 105 _2998Antonivs Protti

Ägypten 5 Milliemes AD 1973 / AH 1393
Vs.: Oben arabische Schrift im Bogen, im Feld Nominal, links und rechts Jahreszahlen
Rs.: Adler
Zitat: KM# 432
Erhaltung: Stempelglanz
Metall: Messing
18 mm, 1,96 g _196
Antonivs Protti

NERO
Billon Tetradrachm
25mm, 8.1 grams

OBV: NER KLAY KAIS SEB GER AYTO, Head of Nero right
REV: PRON NEOY SEBASTOY, Nero wearing a radiate crown seated left holding a map and scepter
LG to left = year 3
Milne 145

ANTONINUS PIUS
Sestertius 152-153 AD
32.4mm, 23.3 grams

OBV: ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P TR P XVII, laureate head right
REV: INDVLGENTIA AVG COS IIII, Indulgentia seated left, extending hand & holding Scepter.
SC below.
RIC- III – 914

Parthian Kingdom. Vologases IV . A.D. 147-191. Æ 18 Dichalkon (17.89 mm, 3.53 g, 12 h). struck A.D. 154. Bust of Volgases IV facing with long, tapered beard, end cut square; wearing tiara with hooks on crest, horn on side and long, curved earflaps; to right, Seleucid date (= SE 466 = A.D. 154) / Nike seated left on column; palm in left field. Sellwood ICP 84.142; Shore --. VF, tan patina with greenish encrustation in recesses, edge split. Quant.Geek

Southern Gaul, Volcae-Tectosages. 1st century B.C. AR drachm (12 mm, 2.39 g). Head left with wild hair and Negroid features / Cross with one ring and three pellets in angles, crescents enclosing each quadrant. LT 2986Quant.Geek

Postumus. Romano-Gallic Emperor, A.D. 260-269. BI antoninianus (20 mm, 3.04 g, 7 h). Treveri, A.D. 266. IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust of Postumus right / FIDES [E]XERCITVS, four military standards. RIC 303; Mairat 120; AGK 20; RSC 65. Quant.Geek

Divus Victorinus. Died A.D. 271. Æ antoninianus (21 mm, 2.99 g, 12 h). Colonia Agrippinensis, under Tetricus I, late A.D. 271. [DI]VO VICTORINO PIO, radiate and cuirassed bust of Victorinus right / CONSA[C]RATIO, eagle standing right on globe, head left, holding wreath in beak. Cf. RIC 85 (bust); cf. Mairat 416 (bust); AGK 1b. Brown patina with a few hard green depositsQuant.Geek

Theodosius I. A.D. 379-395. Æ nummus (13 mm, 1.3412 g, 12 h). Heraclea, A.D. 388-392. D N THEODO-SIVS P F AVG, diademed, draped and cuirassed bust of Theodosius I right / SALVS REI-PVBLICAE, Victory advancing left, head right, holding trophy over shoulder and dragging captive; SMHB. RIC 26b.2. Quant.Geek

Northwest Gaul, Carnutes. Ca. 100-52 B.C. Æ (16 mm, 3.12 g, 9 h). Head right / Two eagles flying right; in field, pentagram and cross with pellet in each quarter; serpent to right. Depeyrot 25; Delestrée & Tache 2582Quant.Geek

Northwest Gaul, Carnutes. Ca. 100-52 B.C. Æ (16 mm, 3.49 g, 7 h). Female bust left / Eagle and eaglette flying left. Delestrée & Tache 2588Quant.Geek

Northeast Gaul, Bellovaci. Ca. 50-20 B.C. Æ (15 mm, 2.25 g, 9 h). Stylized head left / Horizontal line with three lines extending below it; above, chevron-S. Delestrée & Tache 535; Scheers 711Quant.Geek

Quant.Geek

INDIA, Post-Mauryan (Deccan). Kuras of Kolhapur and Belgaum. Vasisthiputra Kura, circa 30 BC-AD 65/70. Unit (Lead, 30 mm, 16.53 g). RANO VASITHIPUTASA KURASA (in Brahmi) Bow with arrow. Rev. Tree in railing; to left, hill; to right, Indradhvaja. Pieper 615. Very rare. Good fine.
Quant.Geek

2nd - 1st Century BC, IRON AGE BRITAIN, Tribe: Durotriges, Base AR Stater, Struck c.40 BCObverse: No legend. Abstract head of Apollo made up of pellets and lines.
Reverse: No legend. Crude disjointed horse with three tails standing facing left, large group of pellets and “coffee bean” symbol above, single pellet below.
One of a small group of coins found west of Cheriton, south east of Winchester.
Diameter: 19mm | Weight: 2.89gms | Axis: Unclear
Spink: 366

THE DUROTRIGES
The Durotriges were one of the Celtic tribes living in Britain prior to the Roman invasion. They were one of the groups that issued coinage before the Roman conquest. Their coins were abstract and simple and had no inscriptions, so no names of any issuers or rulers are known. Nevertheless, the Durotriges presented a settled society, based in the farming of lands surrounded by hill forts, the majority of which seem to have gone out of use by 100 BC, long before the arrival of the Romans in 43 or 44 AD. Constructed initially around 600 BC, the Durotriges ultimately occupied the largest hill fort in Britain, Maiden Castle, which encloses some 19 hectares (47 acres). Around 100 BC though, for some reason habitation at the hill fort went into decline and became concentrated at the eastern end of the site. Maiden Castle appears to have been abandoned after the Roman conquest of Britain although the Romans later built a small temple on the site.
The tribe lived in an area centred on Dorset, south Wiltshire, south Somerset and Devon east of the River Axe. Their territory was bordered to the west by the Dumnonii; and to the north east by the Belgae. The area controlled by the Durotriges is identified in part by coin finds, few Durotrigan coins are found in the south eastern tribal areas, so it would appear unlikely that they were acceptable there. A recent coin hoard found on the Isle of Wight, however, would seem to indicate that the Durotriges might have had some influence at least over the western half of the island.
The Durotriges' main outlet for trade across the Channel, strong in the first half of the 1st century BC before drying up in the decades prior to the arrival of the Romans, was at Hengistbury Head. The numismatic evidence indicates a progressive debasing of the coinage suggesting economic difficulties in conjunction with their declining trade.

CLICK ON IMAGE BELOW TO ENLARGE IT

*Alex

1st Century CE, IRON AGE BRITAIN, Tribe: Atrebates, AR Unit, Struck c.25 -35 under EpaticcusObverse: EPATI. Head of Hercules, wearing lionskin headdress with paws tied before neck, facing right; pellet in ring behind.
Reverse: No legend. Eagle standing facing, head left, on serpent; dot in circle at upper right.
Diameter: 12mm | Weight: 1.1gms | Axis: 10 |
Spink: 356
Coin found in Hampshire, England. Old repair

EPATICCUS
Epaticcus was a son of Tasciovanus, and probably the younger brother of Cunobelin, he was also apparently a favoured uncle of Caratacus. It is from his coinage issues that we know his name and his family relationship.
The distribution of his coinage would indicate that Epaticcus expanded the territory of his tribe at the expense of the Atrebatean king Verica, and installed himself at the latter's capital, Calleva around 25 CE.
It is likely that Epaticcus was permitted to govern the area by his brother as part of the Catuvellaunian hegemony that was expanding across south eastern Britain at the time. Epaticcus continued to take Verica’s lands to west and south until his death, probably on campaign, around 35 CE. After this his expansionist policies were continued by his nephews, Caratacus and Togodumnus, into the late 30’s CE.

ATREBATES
The Atrebates were a Belgic Iron Age tribe originally dwelling in the Artois region of Northern France.
After the tribes of Gallia Belgic were defeated by Caesar in 57 BC, 4,000 Atrebates participated in the Battle of Alesia in 53, led by their chief Commius.
Before 54 BC, an offshoot of the Gallic tribe probably settled in Britain where it was successively ruled by kings Commius, Tincommius, Eppillus and Verica. Their territory comprised modern Hampshire, West Sussex and Berkshire, centred on the capital Calleva Atrebatum (modern Silchester). They were bordered to the north by the Dobunni and Catuvellauni; to the east by the Regni; and to the south by the Belgae.
The settlement of the Atrebates in Britain does not seem to have been a mass population movement and it is possible that the name "Atrebates", as with many "tribal" names in this period, referred only to the ruling house or dynasty and not to an ethnic group.
After the Roman conquest the Atrebates' lands were organized into the civitates of the Atrebates, Regni and possibly, the Belgae.

CLICK ON MAP BELOW TO ENLARGE IT

1 comments*Alex

1st Century CE, IRON AGE BRITAIN, Tribe: Iceni, AR Unit, Struck c.60 - 61 under Boudica (Boadicea)Obverse: No legend. Abstract Celtic style head with slit for eye and no ear facing right. Three pellets below head, branch emblem behind neck.
Reverse: No legend. Celtic style horse facing right, lozenge-shaped box with pellets on outer corners below horse. Section of large elaborate wheel-like object above horse, pellet below horse's tail.
Class: Icenian O
Diameter: 14mm | Weight: 0.9gms | Axis: 10
Spink: 434

The first known recorded example of this coin was made by William Stukely, an English antiquarian whose ideas influenced various antiquaries throughout the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Stukeley published over twenty books on archaeology and other subjects during his lifetime and he is regarded as an important forerunner of archaeology for his emphasis on methodically measuring and documenting ancient sites. He died of a stroke in early 1765.
The theory that this coinage was connected with Boudica was originally reported in 1987 and this was endorsed by R D Van Arsdell, an authority on the Celtic coinage of Britain, as Boudican in the 1990's. At the time though this was disputed by many in the numismatic community, some of whom continued to rely on older studies that lumped all "Face-Horse" coins together in a group dating before 20 CE.
However, John Talbot of the University of Oxford carried out research on these issues and, as his die-link and hoard work gradually progressed through the 1990's into the early twenty-first century, these coins were confirmed to be the final coinage of the Iceni. As Talbot's findings were only gradually revealed over a period of time, the accepted dating used in some dealer catalogues did not always keep up with the latest information. During his studies, Talbot discovered that coins from several die sets are only found in the Boudican Rebellion hoards. He also confirmed that these coins were struck in abnormally great numbers for any Icenian issue. But, because he was not certain that this was enough evidence to date the coins to 61 CE. he suggested only that they could have been struck any time after the Claudian Invasion of 43 CE.
Considering though that some die sets are known only from the Boudican Rebellion hoards, that it is still the case that these coins appear in uncirculated condition in the hoards, and that to date none of these coins have been found from secure contexts earlier than the time of the Boudican rebellion, it would appear that the 1987 report was essentially correct and these coins must have been struck nearer to the date of the Boudican Rebellion than earlier, possibly in connection with the financing of that rebellion. The conclusion now is that these coins can, with some confidence, be attributed to Boudica.

THE ICENI
The Iceni were a tribe located in eastern Britain during the Iron Age and the early Roman era. Their territory was bordered by the Corieltauvi to the west, and the Catuvellauni and Trinovantes to the south. In the Roman period, their capital was Venta Icenorum at modern-day Caistor St Edmund.
Julius Caesar did not mention the Iceni in his account of his invasions of Britain in 55 and 54 BC, though they may have been related to the Cenimagni, whom Caesar notes as living north of the River Thames at that time. The Iceni were a significant power in eastern Britain during Claudius I's conquest of Britain in AD 43, in which they allied with Rome. Increasing Roman influence on their affairs led to a revolt in AD 47, though they remained nominally independent under king Prasutagus up until his death around AD 60. Roman encroachment after Prasutagus' death led his wife Boudica to launch a major revolt from 60–61. Boudica's uprising seriously endangered Roman rule in Britain and resulted in the burning of Londinium and other cities. The Romans finally crushed the rebellion, and the Iceni were eventually incorporated into the Roman province.
Archaeological evidence of the Iceni includes torcs, which are heavy rings of gold, silver or electrum worn around the neck and shoulders. The Iceni began producing coins around 10 BC. Their coins were a distinctive adaptation of the Gallo-Belgic "face/horse" design, and in some early issues, most numerous near Norwich, the horse was replaced with a boar. Some coins are inscribed ECENI, making them the only coin-producing group to use their tribal name on coins. The earliest personal name to appear on coins is Antedios (about 10 BC), and other abbreviated names like AESU and SAEMU followed. The name of Prasutagus also appears on some coins as PRASTO.

QUEEN BOUDICA
Queen Boudica was married to Prasutagus, ruler of the Iceni people of East Anglia. When the Romans conquered southern England in AD 43, they allowed Prasutagus to continue to rule. However, when Prasutagus died he left a will dividing his lands between the Roman emperor and his family. The Romans decided to rule the Iceni directly and confiscated all the king's property. When this was contested they are said to have stripped and flogged Boudica and raped her daughters. These actions exacerbated the widespread resentment at Roman rule.
In 60 or 61 AD, while the Roman governor Gaius Suetonius Paullinus was leading a campaign in North Wales, the Iceni rebelled, other tribes joined them, and Boudica led a major uprising against the occupying Roman forces.
Boudica's warriors defeated the Roman Ninth Legion and destroyed the then capital of Roman Britain, Camulodunum (Colchester). They then went on to destroy Londinium (London) and Verulamium (St Albans) killing thousands in the process. Finally, Boudica was defeated by a Roman army led by Paulinus. A great number of her army were killed and, though Boudica's fate is unknown, she is alleged to have either died in battle or poisoned herself to avoid capture. The site of the battle which brought an end to her uprising is also unknown.
The photograph below is of the Victorian statue of Boudica (Boadicea) situated on the Thames embankment in London.

CLICK ON THE IMAGES BELOW TO ENLARGE THEM

3 comments*Alex

JUSTINIAN I, AE Decanummium (10 Nummi), struck 550/551 at AntiochObverse: D N IVSTINIANVS P P AVG. Helmeted and cuirassed facing bust of Justinian I, holding globus cruciger in his right hand and shield in his left; cross in right field.
Reverse: Large I surmounted by cross, A/N/N/O in field to left and regnal year X/X/IIII in field to right; in exergue, THU followed by • over Π with a slash through the last letter's right side.
Diameter: 24mm | Weight: 4.79gms | Die Axis: 6
SBCV: 237 | DOC: 255 Class D | MIB: 158

Regarding the mintmark in the exergue, the letter Π with a slash through its right side and tiny o or • above is an abbreviation for "polis". The slash is like the English apostrophe denoting omission of letters, as in the word "can't". Therefore, together with the letters T (Tau) and H (Eta), the mint-mark reads as an abbreviation of "Theoupolis"

550
In January of this year the Ostrogoths under king Totila recaptured Rome after a long siege by bribing the Isaurian garrison. Then, in the summer, the Goths, under Totila, plundered Sicily after they had subdued Corsica and Sardinia, whilst the Gothic fleet also raided the coasts of Greece.
551
In this year Justinian I appointed Narses new supreme commander, who then returned to Italy. In Salona on the Adriatic coast, Narses assembled a Byzantine expeditionary force of around 20,000 to 30,000 men and a contingent of foreign allies which included Lombards, Herulii and Bulgars
When Narses arrived in Venetia he discovered that a powerful Gothic-Frank army of around 50,000 men, under the joint command of the kings Totila and Theudebald, had blocked the principal route to the Po Valley. Not wishing to engage such a formidable force and confident that the Franks would avoid a direct confrontation, Narses skirted the lagoons along the Adriatic shore, using vessels to convey his army from point to point along the coast and thereby arrived at the capital, Ravenna, without encountering any opposition. He then attacked and crushed a small Gothic force at Ariminum, modern Rimini.
In the Autumn of this year the Byzantine fleet of 50 warships destroyed the Gothic naval force under Indulf near Sena Gallica, some 17 miles (27 km) north of Ancona. The Battle of Sena Gallica marked the end of Gothic supremacy in the Mediterranean Sea.*Alex

15.25 Hadrian and SabinaEGYPT, Alexandria. Hadrian. AD 117-138. BI Tetradrachm (25mm, 12.94 g, 12h). Dated RY 18 (AD 133/4). Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust of Hadrian right / Draped bust of Sabina right, wearing stephane; L–IH (date) across field. Köln 1093; Dattari (Savio) 1255; K&G 32.572. VF, find patina, slight die shift on obverse.

Ex Classical Numismatic Group 34 (6 May 1995), lot 331.

Ex CNG eAuction 3186 commentsSosius

29.6 Aquilia Severa - Wife of ElagabalusEGYPT, Alexandria. Aquilia Severa. Augusta, AD 220-221 & 221-222. Potin Tetradrachm (23mm, 11.63 g, 11h). Dated RY 4 of Elagabalus (AD 220/1). Draped bust right / Homonoia standing left, right hand raised, holding double cornucopia with left; L Î” (date) to left. Köln 2369; Dattari (Savio) 4178; K&G 58.3. Near VF, dark brown patina, light porosity.

Ex CNG eAuction 318Sosius

3 Constantius ICONSTANTIUS I
AE1 Folles, Lyons, Struck 301-301 AD
CONSTANTIVS NOB C, Laureate cuirassed bust l.., scepter over r. shoulder / GENIO POP-VLI ROMANI, Genuis standing left by altarholding patera and cornucopiae, A in l. field, PLG in ex.\\\\\\\\
RIC VI Lyons 167aSosius

317 - 337, CONSTANTINE II as Caesar, AE3 struck 321 at Londinium (London), EnglandObverse: CONSTANTINVS IVN N C. Radiate and cuirassed bust of Constantine II facing left.
Reverse: BEATA TRANQVILLITAS. Altar, inscribed VOT IS XX in three lines, surmounted by cosmic globe with three stars above; across field, P - A; in exergue, PLON.
Diameter: 20mm | Weight: 2.9gms | Die Axis: 6h
RIC VII : 219
Rare
Ex Killingholme Hoard (1993)

Claudius Constantinus was the eldest son of Constantine and Fausta, he was given the rank of Caesar in A.D.316, at the same time as Crispus and Licinius II.
This coin was struck in connection with the fifteenth anniversary of Constantine II's father, Constantine the great.

THE KILLINGHOLME HOARD
The Killingholme Hoard was discovered in a field between Killingholme and Habrough on the south bank of the Humber Estuary by a pair of metal detectorists in the Autumn of 1993.
The initial coins of the hoard were surface finds, many of which were found before the hoard itself was discovered. In total, there were 1504 coins found in the topsoil, and another 2753 found buried in a single clay pot.
The top of the pot had been cut off by ploughing, which had caused a large number of coins to be scattered around the field. Nevertheless, the remains of the pot were found when the coins packed in it were detected. The pot had a diameter of about 20cm and within it were thousands of coins.
One of the finders reported that the coins appeared to have been carefully arranged inside the pot, and seemed to produce a spiralling pattern. Unfortunately, the coins were emptied into a bath for cleaning so any chance of researching this arrangement was lost forever.
The coins that constituted the hoard were bronze reduced folles, most of which were struck between the 320s and the early 330s, during the time of the emperor Constantine. Though the coins came from several mints in the Western part of the Roman Empire, most of them were from the London mint. It is thought that the hoard was probably deposited around 333/334 AD.
Because, in 1993, base metal coins were not counted as treasure, the coins were returned to the finders who sent the bulk of the coins to be auctioned off by Spink of London. Fortunately, prior to being sold, the coins were recorded by the British Museum which acquired for itself 86 coins from the hoard.
After the recordings were completed, though the finders kept a few coins for themselves, the remainder of the coins were sold off in batches. It has been rumoured that many of these coins went to the Italian luxury goods producer Bulgari, who used them to make jewellery.
Such a process would not be permitted in England today as, following the enactment of the Treasure Act in 1996, the Killingholme Hoard would now fulfil the criteria for "treasure" as outlined by the Act.

CONTEMPORARY PHOTO OF THE KILLINGHOLM HOARD, CLICK ON THUMBNAIL TO ENLARGE IT

*Alex

541Antoninianus
Rome
Issue 8
INDVLGENT AVG
G 541mauseus

8 MacrianusAntoninianus (20mm, 4.16 g, 12h). Samosata mint. 1st emission. 260-261 AD.

O: Radiate and cuirassed bust right

R: Indulgentia seated left, holding scepter; star to left

RIC V 8; MIR 44, 1732k; RSC 6.

Good Fine, toned, porous surfaces.

Ex-CNG
Sosius

Bulgaria, Second Empire: Iakov Svetoslav, Despotes in Vidin (1263-1275) Æ Trachy (Raduchev & Zhekov 1.5.3)Obv: Facing bust of St. Dimitrii, holding cross
Rev: Half-length facing bust of Iakov Svetoslav, holding sword and shield
Dim: 28mm, 2.97 g, 6hQuant.Geek

C POBLICIUS Q F. 80 BCHelmeted bust of Roma right / Hercules strangling the Nemean lion; bow and quiver at left; club below. Cr. 380/1.

POBLICIA, a plebian family, but of consular rank. Its cognomen on coins is Malleolus. There are fifteen varieties, all of silver, on some of which a small hammer or mallett is engraved, evidently alluding to the surname Malleolus.

The first of Heracles' twelve labours, set by King Eurystheus (his cousin) was to slay the Nemean lion.

According to one version of the myth, the Nemean lion took women as hostages to its lair in a cave near Nemea, luring warriors from nearby towns to save the damsel in distress. After entering the cave, the warrior would see the woman (usually feigning injury) and rush to her side. Once he was close, the woman would turn into a lion and kill the warrior, devouring his remains and giving the bones to Hades.

Heracles wandered the area until he came to the town of Cleonae. There he met a boy who said that if Heracles slew the Nemean lion and returned alive within 30 days, the town would sacrifice a lion to Zeus; but if he did not return within 30 days or he died, the boy would sacrifice himself to Zeus.[3] Another version claims that he met Molorchos, a shepherd who had lost his son to the lion, saying that if he came back within 30 days, a ram would be sacrificed to Zeus. If he did not return within 30 days, it would be sacrificed to the dead Heracles as a mourning offering.

While searching for the lion, Heracles fetched some arrows to use against it, not knowing that its golden fur was impenetrable; when he found and shot the lion and firing at it with his bow, he discovered the fur's protective property when the arrow bounced harmlessly off the creature's thigh. After some time, Heracles made the lion return to his cave. The cave had two entrances, one of which Heracles blocked; he then entered the other. In those dark and close quarters, Heracles stunned the beast with his club and, using his immense strength, strangled it to death. During the fight the lion bit off one of his fingers. Others say that he shot arrows at it, eventually shooting it in the unarmoured mouth.

After slaying the lion, he tried to skin it with a knife from his belt, but failed. He then tried sharpening the knife with a stone and even tried with the stone itself. Finally, Athena, noticing the hero's plight, told Heracles to use one of the lion's own claws to skin the pelt.

When he returned on the thirtieth day carrying the carcass of the lion on his shoulders, King Eurystheus was amazed and terrified. Eurystheus forbade him ever again to enter the city; in future he was to display the fruits of his labours outside the city gates. Eurystheus warned him that the tasks set for him would become increasingly difficult. He then sent Heracles off to complete his next quest, which was to destroy the Lernaean hydra.

The Nemean lion's coat was impervious to the elements and all but the most powerful weapons. Others say that Heracles' armour was, in fact, the hide of the lion of Cithaeron.ecoli

Cappadocia, Caesarea. Six corn earsGordian III, 238-244 A.D. Cappadocia, Caesarea. 7,1g, 23mm. Obv: AV KAI M ANT GORDIANOC; Draped and laureate Gordian III right; Rev: [MHTP] KAI NE (in field) [E]T - Z ("Münze von Kaisareia, Metropolis und Inhaberin einer Neokorie"); Six corn ears, Year Z (= 7, Year 244 A.D.) Cf. Sydenham 616; SNG Österreich, Slg. Leypold II 2812 and 2814. Podiceps

Gordian III - DeultumAE Tetrasarion?
238-244 AD
laureate and draped bust right from behind
IMP GORDIAN_VS PIVS FEL (AV)G
Heracles? in tetrastyle temple facing, holding lion skin and club
COL F_L P_AC__DEV / LT
SNG Bulgaria 1338, Jurukova 264
7,1g 22mm1 commentsJ. B.

Mesembria Thrace, (2nd Century B.C.)Æ17
O: Diademed female head right.
R: ΜΕΣΑΜΒΡΙΑΝΩΝ, Athena Promachos advancing left holding shield and brandishing javelin, crested helmet inner left.
Mesambria (Nesebar, Bulgaria) mint
5.1g
17mm
SNG BM 284 ff., SGCV I 1677, SNG Cop 660, SNG Stancomb 236,

Mesembria (Mesambria) was a Doric settlement on an island at the Black Sea coast. Today a man-made isthmus connects it to the mainland. The modern name is Nesebar, an important seaside resort. Several ancient churches and ruins are preserved on the peninsula.2 commentsMat

Otacilla Severa, Wife of Philip I, 244-249 CE.Obverse: MARCIA OTACIL SEVHRA AVG, diademed and draped bust right
Reverse: COL FL PAC DEVLT, Concordia standing left, patera in right hand and cornucopia in left.
Thrace, Deultum reverse die broken
SNG Bulgaria 1965ff. 19.6 mm diam., 2.9 g. NORMAN K

Pul with Kaffa c/m
CRIMEA, GOLDEN HORDE, (with Genoese countermark)

Anonymous AE - Pul

Obverse: uncertain Ornament, Kaffa Genoese trading colony; Circular countermark arms of Genoa with partitioned portal, within circular frame of dots.

Reverse: uncertain Ornament

Mint: Uncertain (Bulghar?)

Minted: 14th Century (?) cm - 1420 - 1475

Notes: Fair/Fair(c/m a/VF), Crude

Ref: Retowski, Coins with Genoese Countermarks 2

jimbomar

ROMAN EMPIRE. Gordian III. AD. 238-244. Æ SestertiusROMAN EMPIRE. Gordian III. AD. 238-244. Æ Sestertius. Rome, AD 243-244. IMP GORDIANVS PIVS FEL AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / Securitas standing facing, head left, leaning on column and holding sceptre; S-C across fields. RIC 335a; C. 329; Banti 97. paul1888

D.375 Charles II the Bald (denier, class 2, Courcessin?)Charles the Bald, king of the Franks (840-877)
GDR denier (Courcessin?, class 2, 864-875)

Silver, 1.43 g, 19 mm diameter, die axis 12h

O/ +GRÎ›TIÎ› D-I REX; carolingian monogram
R/ +I.CVRTISÎ›SONIEH; cross pattée

In 864, Charles the Bald promulgated the edict of Pîtres, huge reform whose aim was to protect the kingdom from Viking raids. It also reinforced royal authority on minting, and created a new type of deniers . The new coins could be only struck at 10 mints (Palace, Chalon sur Saône, Melle, Narbonne, Orléans, Paris, Quentovic, Reims, Rouen and Sens). This limitation had never been applied, more than 110 mints struck the new coinage. This can be understood as a lack of control of the central autority. However it seems that several mints shared dies... Grierson and Blackburn proposed that only 10 main mints produced dies and partially outsourced coinage production ?
On the obverse is written GRATIA D-I REX (GDR) around a carolingian monogram. The alliance with Roman Church goes on... The reverse already existed for Class 1, with the mint name around a cross pattée.
Class 2 of Charles' coinage is made of these GDR deniers.

The precise localization of the mint in Normandie (north of France) is still not clear. According to Grierson and Blackburn, Courti(s) Sasonien(sis) may come from some groups of Saxons settled in northern part of Gaul.

"As de Nîmes" or "crocodile" Ӕ dupondius of Nemausus (9 - 3 BC), honoring Augustus and AgrippaIMP DIVI F , Heads of Agrippa (left) and Augustus (right) back to back, Agrippa wearing rostral crown and Augustus the oak-wreath / COL NEM, crocodile right chained to palm-shoot with short dense fronds and tip right; two short palm offshoots left and right below, above on left a wreath with two long ties streaming right.

Ó”, 24.5 x 3+ mm, 13.23g, die axis 3h; on both sides there are remains of what appears to be gold plating, perhaps it was a votive offering? Rough edges and slight scrapes on flan typical for this kind of coin, due to primitive technology (filing) of flan preparation.

IMPerator DIVI Filius. Mint of COLonia NEMausus (currently Nîmes, France). Known as "As de Nîmes", it is actually a dupontius (lit. "two-pounder") = 2 ases (sometimes cut in halves to get change). Dupondii were often made out of a golden-colored copper alloy (type of brass) "orichalcum" and this appears to be such case.

Key ID points: oak-wreath (microphotography shows that at least one leaf has a complicated shape, although distinguishing oak from laurel is very difficult) – earlier versions have Augustus bareheaded, no PP on obverse as in later versions, no NE ligature, palm with short fronds with tip right (later versions have tip left and sometimes long fronds). Not typical: no clear laurel wreath together with the rostral crown, gold (?) plating (!), both features really baffling.

But still clearly a "middle" kind of the croc dupondius, known as "type III": RIC I 158, RPC I 524, Sear 1730. It is often conservatively dated to 10 BC - 10 AD, but these days it is usually narrowed to 9/8 - 3 BC.

It is a commemorative issue, honoring the victory over Mark Antony and conquest of Egypt in 30 BC. The heads of Augustus and Agrippa were probably positioned to remind familiar obverses of Roman republican coins with two-faced Janus. Palm branch was a common symbol of victory, in this case grown into a tree, like the victories of Augustus and Agrippa grown into the empire. The two offshoots at the bottom may mean two sons of Agrippa, Gaius and Lucius, who were supposed to be Augustus' heirs and were patrons of the colony. Palm may also be a symbol of the local Nemausian deity, which was probably worshiped in a sacred grove. When these coins were minted, the colony was mostly populated by the settled veterans of Augustus' campaigns, hence the reminiscence of the most famous victory, but some of the original Celtic culture probably survived and was assimilated by Romans. The crocodile is not only the symbol of Egypt, like in the famous Octavian's coins AEGYPTO CAPTA. It is also a representation of Mark Antony, powerful and scary both in water and on land, but a bit slow and stupid. The shape of the crocodile with tail up was specifically chosen to remind of the shape of ship on very common "legionary" denarius series, which Mark Antony minted to pay his armies just before Actium. It is probably also related to the popular contemporary caricature of Cleopatra, riding on and simultaneously copulating with a crocodile, holding a palm branch in her hand as if in triumph. There the crocodile also symbolized Mark Antony.

Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa was born c. 64-62 BC somewhere in rural Italy. His family was of humble and plebeian origins, but rich, of equestrian rank. Agrippa was about the same age as Octavian, and the two were educated together and became close friends. He probably first served in Caesar's Spanish campaign of 46–45 BC. Caesar regarded him highly enough to send him with Octavius in 45 BC to train in Illyria. When Octavian returned to Rome after Caesar's assassination, Agrippa became his close lieutenant, performing many tasks. He probably started his political career in 43 BC as a tribune of the people and then a member of the Senate. Then he was one of the leading Octavian's generals, finally becoming THE leading general and admiral in the civil wars of the subsequent years.

In 38 as a governor of Transalpine Gaul Agrippa undertook an expedition to Germania, thus becoming the first Roman general since Julius Caesar to cross the Rhine. During this foray he helped the Germanic tribe of Ubii (who previously allied themselves with Caesar in 55 BC) to resettle on the west bank of the Rhine. A shrine was dedicated there, possibly to Divus Caesar whom Ubii fondly remembered, and the village became known as Ara Ubiorum, "Altar of Ubians". This quickly would become an important Roman settlement. Agrippina the Younger, Agrippa's granddaughter, wife of Emperor Claudius and mother of Emperor Nero, would be born there in 15 AD. In 50 AD she would sponsor this village to be upgraded to a colonia, and it would be renamed Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium (colony of Claudius [at] the Altar of Agrippinians – Ubii renamed themselves as Agrippinians to honor the augusta!), abbreviated as CCAA, later to become the capital of new Roman province, Germania Inferior.

In 37 BC Octavian recalled Agrippa back to Rome and arranged for him to win the consular elections, he desperately needed help in naval warfare with Sextus Pompey, the youngest son of Pompey the Great, who styled himself as the last supporter of the republican cause, but in reality became a pirate king, an irony since his father was the one who virtually exterminated piracy in all the Roman waters. He forced humiliating armistice on the triumvirs in 39 BC and when Octavian renewed the hostilities a year later, defeated him in a decisive naval battle of Messina. New fleet had to be built and trained, and Agrippa was the man for the job. Agrippa's solution was creating a huge secret naval base he called Portus Iulius by connecting together lakes Avernus, Avernus and the natural inner and outer harbors behind Cape Misenum at the northern end of the Gulf of Naples. He also created a larger type of ship and developed a new naval weapon: harpax – a ballista-launched grapnel shot with mechanisms that allowed pulling enemy ships close for easy boarding. It replaced the previous boarding device that Romans used since the First Punic War, corvus – effective, but extremely cumbersome. A later defence against it were scythe blades on long poles for cutting ropes, but since this invention was developed in secret, the enemy had no chance to prepare anything like it. It all has proved extremely effective: in a series of naval engagements Agrippa annihilated the fleet of Sextus, forced him to abandon his bases and run away. For this Agrippa was awarded an unprecedented honour that no Roman before or after him received: a rostral crown, "corona rostrata", a wreath decorated in front by a prow and beak of a ship.

That's why Virgil (Aeneid VIII, 683-684), describing Agrippa at Actium, says: "…belli insigne superbum, tempora navali fulgent rostrata corona." "…the proud military decoration, gleams on his brow the naval rostral crown". Actium, the decisive battle between forces of Octavian and Mark Antony, may appear boring compared to the war with Sextus, but it probably turned out this way due to Agrippa's victories in preliminary naval engagements and taking over all the strategy from Octavian.

In between the wars Agrippa has shown an unusual talent in city planning, not only constructing many new public buildings etc., but also greatly improving Rome's sanitation by doing a complete overhaul of all the aqueducts and sewers. Typically, it was Augustus who later would boast that "he had found the city of brick but left it of marble", forgetting that, just like in his naval successes, it was Agrippa who did most of the work. Agrippa had building programs in other Roman cities as well, a magnificent temple (currently known as Maison Carrée) survives in Nîmes itself, which was probably built by Agrippa.

Later relationship between Augustus and Agrippa seemed colder for a while, Agrippa seemed to even go into "exile", but modern historians agree that it was just a ploy: Augustus wanted others to think that Agrippa was his "rival" while in truth he was keeping a significant army far away from Rome, ready to come to the rescue in case Augustus' political machinations fail. It is confirmed by the fact that later Agrippa was recalled and given authority almost equal to Augustus himself, not to mention that he married Augustus' only biological child. The last years of Agrippa's life were spent governing the eastern provinces, were he won respect even of the Jews. He also restored Crimea to Roman Empire. His last service was starting the conquest of the upper Danube, were later the province of Pannonia would be. He suddenly died of illness in 12 BC, aged ~51.

Agrippa had several children through his three marriages. Through some of his children, Agrippa would become ancestor to many subsequent members of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. He has numerous other legacies.Yurii P

'Opium weights'Set of five hintha bird weights (a Brahmani Duck (Hamsa) emblem of the Mon kingdom with duck’s bill, crested comb, bulging eyes, side wings and upturned tail standing with 2 legs and rear post on a tapered hexagonal base with serrated edge). These are sometimes referred to as cock weights or opium weights. The bases are hexagonal - probably from Burma or surrounding The lighest one is 15g and they double up from there

Likely late 18th or early 19th century

-:Bacchus:-Bacchus

(0193) SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS (Corybantes rev.)193 - 211 AD
AE 27 mm; 10.2 g
O: AY K L CEP - CEYHROS Laureate draped bust right
R: MESAMBR - IA[NWN] Two Corybantes performing Pyrrhic dance, holding shield above their helmeted heads and short swords.
Thrace, Mesembria; cf Karayotov Vol. II, Plate CXXXII 19 and 20
note: Karayotov only lists two example from the same pair of dies:
19) Coll. of Metodi Minchev, Burgas
20) Varna, AM, II 19652; Lazarenko 2003, p. 76 Fig 2. (Lazarenko is a reference in a Bulgarian language numismatic journal)
laney

(0198) CARACALLA198 - 217 AD
AE 17mm 2.92g
O: LAUR HEAD R
R: SERPENT ENTWINED ON STAFF OF ASKLEPIOS
THRACE, HADRIANOPOLIS
VARBANOV (BULG.) 1825 laney

(0217) MACRINUS217 - 218 AD
AE 25 mm 10.84 g
O: IMP CM OPEL SEV MACRINVS PI Radiate bust right
R: COL FL PAC DEVLT Hades-Serapis seated left, Cerberus at feet on left
Thrace, Deultum
SNG (Bulg.) Ruse 1, Deultum, no. 120, pl. 9 (=Jurukova 46)
(Draganov cites just one die pair, apparently the same as this coin; provincials at Deultum start with Caracalla, so Macrinus is an early issue)laney

(0218) ELAGABALUS -- NIKOPOLIS AD ISTRUMAE 16X17 mm 2.25 g
218 - 222 AD
OBV: M AVR - ANTWNINOC
LAUR DR CUIR BUST R, SEEN FROM BEHIND
REV: NIKOPOLITWN PR - OC ICTRON
TROPAION, 2 SEATED CAPTIVES AT BASE, SURROUNDED BY NIKE FACING R AND EMP FACING L
NIKOPOLIS AD ISTRUM AMNG I/1 2028 H/J 8.26.47.6
RARE1 commentslaney

(0241) TRANQUILLINA(wife of Gordian III)
241-244 AD
AE 7.108g, 23.7mm max.
O: SAB TRANQVILLINA AVG, draped bust right, wearing stephane, elaborate hairstyle with hair in ridges, and in plait looped below her ear and then up the back of her head;
R: COL FL PA-C, DEVLT (starting above, ending in exergue), she-wolf standing right, head turned back left, suckling the infant twins Romulus and Remus
Thrace, Deultum (Debelt, Bulgaria) mint
Jurukova Deultum 414; SNG Deultum 1526 (O148/R67); Draganov Deultum 1527a (O148/R67);
Varbanov II 2957 (R4); Moushmov 3744; MPR II-4 2083um
(ex Forum)laney

(0293) THEODORA(2nd wife of Constantius I)
Posthumous, Struck 337- 340 AD
AE 13 mm 1.54 g
O: Mantled bust right
R: Pietas standing facing, head right, holding infant to breast; •TRP in exe.
Trier
RIC VIII 48
laney

(0306) SEVERUS II306 - 307 AD
struck 305/306 AD as Caesar
AE Quarter Follis
O: VL VAL SEVERVS NOB
LAUR HEAD R
R: GENIO POPVLI ROMANI
GENIUS STANDING L, MODIUS ON NEAD, NAKED EXCEPT FOR CHLAMYS, HOLDING PATERA AND CORNUCOPIAE
SIS IN EXE
SISCIA
RIC VI 170a (RARE)
(ex P.Bulgerin)laney

(0317) CONSTANTINE II (as Caesar)317 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 340 AD (as Augustus)
AE 15 mm 1.65 g
O: CONSTANTINVS IVN NOB C, Laureate cuirassed bust right
R: GLORIA EXERCITVS, Two soldiers facing each on either side of a single standard; leaf PLG in exe.
Lyons mint; RIC 286; rare (R4)laney

(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
19 mm 2.71 g
O: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG diademed draped cuirassed bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO soldier advancing left and spearing a fallen horseman; FPLG in exe.
RIC 184 (scarce to rare)
Lyons mint2 commentslaney

(0350) MAGNENTIUS350 - 353 AD
AE 24 mm max. 4.73 g
O: D N MAGNENTIVS P F AVG, draped & cuirassed bust right, A to left
R: VICTORIAE DD NN AVG ET CAE, two Victories holding shield inscribed VOT V MVLT X; S V between; RPLG in ex.
LUGDUNUM; RIC 1221. LRBC 217
laney

(0355) JULIAN II THE APOSTATE (as Caesar)Julian II as Caesar
Caesar: 355 –360
Augustus: 360 -- 361.
Sole Augustus: 361 –363
struck 355 - 360 AD (Officina 2)
AE 17.5 mm; 2.33 g
Obv.: FL CL IVLIANVS NOB C / M , his bare-headed, draped and cuirassed bust facing right
Rev.: FEL TEMP - REPARATIO helmeted soldier standing l., spearing fallen horseman; horseman, wearing pointed hat, leaning l. on horse, turned r. and raising hand, shield on ground r.; MSLG in exe.
Lugdunum (Lyon) mint
RIC VIII, 191, 200 (R) ; Bastien 248 (3 ex) ; nummus-bible-database.com: only 1 piece, also from officina 2. Rarelaney

00021 Bull Protome Facing Left and Bridled Horse Facing RightThessaly Greece, the City of Larissa

Obv: bull head and neck l., head turned to face the viewer. All within a border of dots.
Rev: ΑΛ upwards, head and neck of bridled horse r. All within incuse square.
Denomination: silver obol; Mint: Larissa; Date: c. 462/1 - 460 BC1; Weight: .93g; Diameter: 10mm: Die axis: 70º; References, for example: BMC Thessaly p. 24 no. 4, pl. IV no. 7; Hunterian p. 451 no. 1; Traité I ii, 1416, pl. XLIII, 7; Pozzi 1207; Weber 2828; Herrmann Group III A Obolen, pl. I, 20; McClean 4586, pl. on p. 173, 13 ; SNG Cop 96; SGCV I 2105; SNG Ashmolean 3858; Liampi Corpus 15 V7/R9 b, pl. 4, 26; BCD Thessaly I 1105; BCD Thessaly II 147; HGC 4, 476.

Notes:
1This is the date given in BCD Thessaly I.

Provenance: Ex Gerhard Hirsch Nachfolger Auction 371 Lot 1082.

Photo Credits: Gerhard Hirsch Nachfolger

CLICK FOR SOURCES1 commentsTracy Aiello

003 Eric Haraldsson "Bloodaxe"Penny of Eric, king of Norway 932-934 and York 947-948 and 952-954
English issue as king of Jorvik
Moneyer: Ingelgar
Mint: probably York
Sword type
S.1030

A fragment of a penny of Eric Haraldsson, remembered to history by his nicknames "Bloodaxe" and "Brother-bane". Eric was probably the son of Harald, first king of Norway. His early life is described in the Norwegian sagas, written much later, and certainly with embellishment. He feuded with his half-brothers, and probably killed at least one or two of them. He succeeded his father in 932 as king of Norway, but was an unpopular ruler and ultimately deposed in favor of his brother Haakon. Eric left to live the good Viking life for a time, raiding in the North Sea. During this time, a Viking kingdom in York was slowly in decline due to the actions by the West Saxons, and with the defeat of Anlaf Guthfrithsson in 937, Viking York seemed likely to be integrated into the Saxon realm. However, Aethelstan's premature death in 939, his young successor was unable to consolidate the gains, and Viking York lived on, though in a diminished capacity. It should be remembered that Northumbria was something of a sideshow for its Viking leaders, who were kings in Ireland as well. Conflict between Vikings and English would continue, until a new player joined in- Malcolm, king of the Scots. The Scots started raiding Viking York, leading to even further weakening and the removal of Anlaf Sihtricsson, the new Viking king.

Eventually, Eric would find his way to Northumbria, where he would be made king in 947. This was not ok with the English Saxons, who believed they had overlordship of this region. King Eadred invaded and kicked out Eric and company. Eric's first reign would last only a year or so.

However, Eric was nothing if not tenacious. After his removal, the Saxons lost interest and things in York started to fall apart. Anlaf Sihtricsson, came back from Ireland to take charge again. Eric subsequently returned to the scene, defeated the Scots, kicked out Anlaf (again), and became king of York a second time.

It is thought that this sword coinage is from Eric's second reign, and hearkens back to old Northumbrian coinage in the name of Sihtric and St. Peter that also features the sword.

Eric's time was finally running out though. In 954 he was killed, likely in battle against England. Ultimately, he was the last of the Viking kings of York. Northumbria was finally absorbed into the English realm.

Eric's story is well recorded in the sagas, and there are a number of colorful details that are probably apocryphal. Eric might have been betrayed by a retainer, who had him assassinated. Eric's nickname "bloodaxe" is a colorful nickname that has survived, and presumably had to do with either his prowess in battle, or his murder of his family.

Ex- R.Hamer, EMC 2022.0390, PAS PUBLIC-BAFF76, found Driffield1 commentsSt. George's Collection

003. Tiberius (14 AD - 37 AD)Tiberius.

Hard and secretive by nature and embittered by the neglect with which his step- father allowed him to be treated, he did not arouse personal enthusiasm, and until recently was described by historians as a bloody tyrant. It is only during the last sixty years that he has been more fairly judged, and at present the opinion begins to prevail that he was a genuine Roman, a ruler faithful to his duties, just, wise, and self-contained. The strong opposition which grew up against him was due to his taciturn and domineering disposition, and to the influence of the prefect of the guard, Ælius Sejanus, who alone possessed his confidence.

Lugdunum mint. TI CAESAR DIVI AVG AVGVSTVS, laureate head right / PONTIF MAXIM, Livia, as Pax, seated right, holding olive branch & long scepter RSC 16a. Ex Calgaryecoli

003a. DrususDrusus

Tiberius' son, Drusus Caesar, d. 23, called Drusus Junior, served in the provinces Pannonia ( 15) and in Illyricum ( 17? 20). In 22 he was made tribune. Meanwhile, Sejanus, Tiberius' minister, had become jealous of Drusus' power and tried to turn Tiberius against him. Drusus may have been poisoned by Sejanus or by his wife under Sejanus' influence.

As. Sear 2594, restitution issue by Titus. 10.0 g, 26x27 mm. Glossy dark green patina with slight roughness. OBV.: Drusus left, DRVSVS CAESAR TI AVG F DIVI AVG N. REV.: IMP T CAES DIVI VESP F AVG REST around SC. 1 commentsecoli

005a. AntoniaF/F Antonia Dupondis

Attribution: RIC 92
Date: 41-54 AD
Obverse: ANTONIA AVGVSTA, bust r.
Reverse: TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP P P S C. Claudius standing left, holding simpulum
Size: 29.04 mm
Weight: 10.2 grams

Check
ecoli

0081 - Denarius Septimius Severus 201-10 ACObv/SEVERVS PIVS AVG, laureate head of Septimiusr.
Rev/INDULGENTIA AVGG, Dea Caelestis riding r. on a lion, holding thunderbolt and sceptre; below, waters gushing from rock.

Ag, 18.3mm, 3.25g
Mint: Rome.
RIC IVa/266 [C] - BMCRE V/335
ex-A.L.Romero Martíndafnis

009. C. Mamilius Limetanus.Denarius, 82-81 BC, Rome mint.
Obverse: Bust of Mercury wearing winged hat; caduceus and the letter I behind.
Reverse: C MAMIL LIMETAN / Ulysses, dressed like a Greek sailor, being recognized by his dog Argus upon returning to Ithaca.
4.06 gm., 19 mm.
Syd. #741; RSC #Mamilia 6; Sear #282.

The Mamilia gens claimed descent from Mamilia, the daughter of Telgonius, reputed son of Ulysses. Mercury is an ancestor of Ulysses.

The story as told in Homer's "Odyssey" is somewhat different from that portrayed on this coin. When Ulysses returned to Ithaca after twenty years, he found his dog Argus lying on a dung heap and nearly dead. Argus had only enough strength to wag his tail in recognition of his master's voice before he died. Be that as it may, this is still an elegant portrayal of this touching scene, the likes of which are rarely found on Roman coinage.

3 commentsCallimachus

0092 - Denarius Antoninus Pius 158-9 ACObv/ ANTONINVS AVGVSTVS PIVS PP TR P XXII, laureate head of A.P. r.
Rev/ COS IIII, arched tetrastyle altar; statue inside, holding branch and standard.

Ag, 18.1 mm, 2.84 g
Mint: Roma.
RIC III/285
ex-G.Hirsch Nachfolger, auction 271, lot 2359dafnis

01-14 - AUGUSTO (27 A.C. - 14 D.C.)AE AS (Serie de los Triunviros Monetales) 27 mm 9.0 gr.
Legado Monetario C GALLIUS LUPERCUS

Anv: "[CAE]SAR AVGVSTVS TRI
BV[NIC POTEST]" - Busto a cabeza desnuda viendo a derecha.
Rev: "C·GAL[LIVS C F LVPERCVS III V]IR A A A F F" - Leyenda alrededor de gran "S C ".
"SENATUS CONSULTO" - Era potestad del Senado la promulgación de la acuñación de las emisiones de bronce (cobre) - Ley Julia (19-15 A.C.)

Acuñada 16 A.C.
Ceca: Roma
Rareza: C

Referencias: RIC Vol.1 #379 Pag.70 - Sear RCTV Vol.1 #1679 Pag.330 - BMCRE #174 (=BMCRR #4510) - Cohen Vol.1 #436 Pag.124 - DVM #99a Pag.71 - CBN #428
mdelvalle

01-15 - AUGUSTO (27 A.C. - 14 D.C.)AE AS (Serie de los Triunviros Monetales) 25 mm 8.4 gr.
Legado Monetario L SURDINUS

Anv: "CAESAR AVGVSTVS TRIBVNIC POTEST" - Busto a cabeza desnuda viendo a derecha.
Rev: "[L] SVRDINVS [III VIR A A A F F]" - Leyenda alrededor de gran "S C ".
"SENATUS CONSULTO" - Era potestad del Senado la promulgación de la acuñación de las emisiones de bronce (cobre) - Ley Julia (19-15 A.C.)

Acuñada 15 A.C.
Ceca: Roma
Rareza: C

Referencias: RIC Vol.1 #386 Pag.70 - Sear RCTV Vol.1 #1683 Pag.331 - BMCRE #144 (=BMCRR #4631) - Cohen Vol.1 #473 Pag.131 - DVM #99 var Pag.71 - CBN #483
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01-17 - AUGUSTO (27 A.C. - 14 D.C.)AE AS (Serie de los Triunviros Monetales) 27 x 29 mm 9.9 gr.
Legado Monetario C PLOTIUS RUFUS

Anv: "[CAESAR AVGVSTVS TRIBVNIC POTEST]" - Busto a cabeza desnuda viendo a derecha.
Rev: "C·PLOT[IVS·RVFVS·III VIR A·A·]A·F·F·" - Leyenda alrededor de gran "S C ".
"SENATUS CONSULTO" - Era potestad del Senado la promulgación de la acuñación de las emisiones de bronce (cobre) - Ley Julia (19-15 A.C.)

Acuñada 15 A.C.
Ceca: Roma
Rareza: C

Referencias: RIC Vol.1 #389 Pag.71 - Sear RCTV Vol.1 #1680 Pag.330 - BMCRE #153 (=BMCRR #4639) - Cohen Vol.1 #504 Pag.137 - DVM #99d Pag.71 - CBN #503/12
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01-23 - AUGUSTO (27 A.C. - 14 D.C.)AE AS (Serie de los Triunviros Monetales) 24 mm 8.3 gr.
Legado Monetario PLURIUS AGRIPPA

Anv: "[CA]ESAR AVGVS[T PONT MAX TRIBVNIC POT]" - Busto a cabeza desnuda viendo a derecha.
Rev: "PLVRIVS AGRIPPA [III VIR A A A F F]" - Leyenda alrededor de gran "S C ".
"SENATUS CONSULTO" - Era potestad del Senado la promulgación de la acuñación de las emisiones de bronce (cobre) - Ley Julia (19-15 A.C.)

Acuñada 7 A.C.
Ceca: Roma
Rareza: C

Referencias: RIC Vol.1 #427 Pag.75 - Sear RCTV Vol.1 #1686 Pag.331 - BMCRE #209 - Cohen Vol.1 #445 Pag.126 - DVM #100a Pag.71 - CBN #623
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01-24 - AUGUSTO (27 A.C. - 14 D.C.)AE AS (Serie de los Triunviros Monetales) 28 mm 11.7 gr.
Legado Monetario M SALVIUS OTHO

Anv: "CAESAR AVGVST[PONT MAX TRIBVNIC POT]" - Busto a cabeza desnuda viendo a derecha.
Rev: "M SALVIVS OTH[O III VI]R A A A F F" - Leyenda alrededor de gran "S C ".
"SENATUS CONSULTO" - Era potestad del Senado la promulgación de la acuñación de las emisiones de bronce (cobre) - Ley Julia (19-15 A.C.)

Acuñada 7 A.C.
Ceca: Roma
Rareza: C

Referencias: RIC Vol.1 #431 Pag.75 - Sear RCTV Vol.1 #1685 Pag.331 - BMCRE #226 (=BMCRR #4693) - Cohen Vol.1 #515 Pag.139 - DVM #100b Pag.71 - CBN #687
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01-25 - AUGUSTO (27 A.C. - 14 D.C.)AE AS (Serie de los Triunviros Monetales) 25 mm 7.3 gr.
Legado Monetario M SALVIUS OTHO

Anv: "CAESAR AVGVST [PONT MAX TRIBVNIC POT]" - Busto a cabeza desnuda viendo a derecha.
Rev: "M SALVIVS OTH[O III VI]R A A A F F" - Leyenda alrededor de gran "S C ".
"SENATUS CONSULTO" - Era potestad del Senado la promulgación de la acuñación de las emisiones de bronce (cobre) - Ley Julia (19-15 A.C.)

Acuñada 7 A.C.
Ceca: Roma
Rareza: C

Referencias: RIC Vol.1 #431 Pag.75 - Sear RCTV Vol.1 #1685 Pag.331 - BMCRE #226 (=BMCRR #4693) - Cohen Vol.1 #515 Pag.139 - DVM #100b Pag.71 - CBN #687
mdelvalle

01-26 - AUGUSTO (27 A.C. - 14 D.C.)AE AS (Serie de los Triunviros Monetales) 27 mm 9.6 gr.
Legado Monetario M SALVIUS OTHO

Anv: "[CAE]SAR AVGVST PONT [MAX TRIBVNIC POT]" - Busto a cabeza desnuda viendo a izquierda.
Rev: "M SALVI[VS OT]HO III VIR A A A F F" - Leyenda alrededor de gran "S C ".
"SENATUS CONSULTO" - Era potestad del Senado la promulgación de la acuñación de las emisiones de bronce (cobre) - Ley Julia (19-15 A.C.)

Acuñada 7 A.C.
Ceca: Roma
Rareza: C

Referencias: RIC Vol.1 #432 Pag.75 - Sear RCTV Vol.1 #1685 var Pag.331 - Cohen Vol.1 #516 Pag.139 - DVM #100b var Pag.71 - CBN #708mdelvalle

01-28 - AUGUSTO (27 A.C. - 14 D.C.) AE AS (Serie de los Triunviros Monetales) 23 mm 7.9 gr.
Legado Monetario SEX NONIUS QUINCTILIAN

Anv: "CAESAR AVG[VST PONT MAX TRI]BVNIC POT" - Busto a cabeza desnuda viendo a derecha.
Rev: "[SEX N]ONIVS QVINC[TIL]IAN III VIR A A A F F" - Leyenda alrededor de gran "S C".
"SENATUS CONSULTO" - Era potestad del Senado la promulgación de la acuñación de las emisiones de bronce (cobre) - Ley Julia (19-15 A.C.)

Acuñada 6 A.C.
Ceca: Roma
Rareza: S

Referencias: RIC Vol.1 #439 Pag.76 - Sear RCTV Vol.1 #1687 Pag.331 - BMCRE #237 (=BMCRR #4667) - Cohen Vol.1 #474 Pag.76 - CBN #725
mdelvalle

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