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Time of Alexander I, AR Hemiobol, struck 470 - 460 BC at Argilos in MacedoniaObverse: No legend. Forepart of Pegasos facing left.
Reverse: No legend. Quadripartite granulated incuse square.
Diameter: 8.78mm | Weight: 0.20gms | Die Axis: Uncertain
Liampi 118 | SNG - | GCV -
Rare
Argilos was a city of ancient Macedonia founded by a colony of Greeks from Andros. Although little information is known about the city until about 480 BC, the literary tradition dates the foundation to around 655/654 BC which makes Argilos the earliest Greek colony on the Thracian coast. It appears from Herodotus to have been a little to the right of the route the army of Xerxes I took during its invasion of Greece in 480 BC in the Greco-Persian Wars. Its territory must have extended as far as the right bank of the Strymona, since the mountain of Kerdylion belonged to the city.
Argilos benefited from the trading activities along the Strymona and probably also from the gold mines of the Pangeion. Ancient authors rarely mention the site, but nevertheless shed some light on the important periods of its history. In the last quarter of the 6th century BC, Argilos founded two colonies, Tragilos, in the Thracian heartland, and Kerdilion, a few kilometers to the east of the city.
Alexander I was the ruler of the ancient kingdom of Macedonia from c.498 BC until his death in 454 BC. Alexander came to the throne during the era of the kingdom's vassalage to Persia, dating back to the time of his father, Amyntas I. Although Macedonia retained a broad scope of autonomy, in 492 BC it was made a fully subordinate part of the Persian Empire. Alexander I acted as a representative of the Persian governor Mardonius during peace negotiations after the Persian defeat at the Battle of Salamis in 480 BC. From the time of Mardonius' conquest of Macedonia, Herodotus disparagingly refers to Alexander I as “hyparchos”, meaning viceroy. However, despite his cooperation with Persia, Alexander frequently gave supplies and advice to the Greek city states, and warned them of the Persian plans before the Battle of Plataea in 479 BC. After their defeat at Plataea, when the Persian army under the command of Artabazus tried to retreat all the way back to Asia Minor, most of the 43,000 survivors of the battle were attacked and killed by the forces of Alexander at the estuary of the Strymona river.
Alexander regained Macedonian independence after the end of the Persian Wars and was given the title "philhellene" by the Athenians, a title used for Greek patriots.
After the Persian defeat, Argilos became a member of the first Athenian confederation but the foundation of Amphipolis in 437 BC, which took control of the trade along the Strymona, brought an end to this. Thucydides tells us that some Argilians took part in this foundation but that the relations between the two cities quickly deteriorated and, during the Peloponnesian war, the Argilians joined with the Spartan general Brasidas to attack Amphipolis. An inscription from the temple of Asklepios in Epidauros attests that Argilos was an independent city during the 4th century.
Like other colonies in the area, Argilos was conquered by the Macedonian king Philip II in 357 B.C. Historians believe that the city was then abandoned and, though excavations have brought to light an important agricultural settlement on the acropolis dated to the years 350-200 BC, no Roman or Byzantine ruins have been uncovered there.*Alex
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Biblical/Judean / AUGUSTUS, Marcus Ambibulus , Hendin-1329Augustus / Marcus Ambibulus, procurator of Judea under Augustus.
Marcus Ambibulus, procurator of Judea under Augustus, 9-12 AD, bronze prutah of 16 mm, 2.14 grams. Struck in the year 9 AD.
Jerusalem mint.
Obverse: Ear of grain, KAICA POC.
Reverse: Palm tree with 2 bunches of dates and date : LMO
Reference: Hendin-1329.
*Jesus was born sometime between 6 B.C. and 4 B.C.
According to St. Matthew, King Herod as the ruler during the time of the Nativity, and Herod died in 4 B.C. , according the dates of the later on struck coins with the new ruler name and dates (see note)
Later, to kill Jesus and eliminate him as a rival king, Herod ordered the "Massacre of the Innocents" - the killing of all male children in Bethlehem aged two years and under. This means that Jesus may have been up to two years old already by that time, and this sets the Nativity between 6 and 4 B.C.
**Surely All coins at that time were struck under the Roman emperor (who happened to be the first Roman emperor in history Augustus (Octavian) Not Julius Caesar as commonly known, Julius was only a dictator and Caesar during the Roman Republic time, never considered Emperor despite the title IMP on some of his coins).
The dates on coins struck during the time of Nativity, before that time, and even later, completely different story depends on the mint home , the ruler year and the kingdom or empire. Using AD (Anno Domini) was much later.
“Swear to me, young women of Jerusalem, by the gazelles or by the does of the field, that you won’t awaken or arouse love before its proper time.” Song of Solomon.
The Sam Mansourati Collection.
Given as a souvenir to a great man, a dear friend and brother Rev. Robert E. Burnock , on 2/25/2020.
Sam
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Herod I - prutah Hendin-500 / 1188 (01)
1.70 gramscmcdon0923
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Judean Kingdom, Herod Agrippa I, 37-44 CEBronze Prutah, Hendin 1244, Meshorer TJC 120
Jurusalem mint, 41-42 CE.
Obverse: AGRIPA BACILEOC (king Agrippa) umbrella-like canopy with fringes.
Reverse: Three heads of barley between two leaves, flanked by L-s (year 6)
17.0 mm., 2.12 g.
sold 1-2018
NORMAN K
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(12) DOMITIAN (AGRIPPA II)Herodian Dynasty--Agrippa II
55 - 95 AD
Struck under Domitian
AE 19.5 mm 4.77 g
O: Laureate bust of Domitian right
R: Nike standing right, holding shield on knee
"Judaea Capta" issue
Judaea, Caesarea mint
laney
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001j4. Octavian & ZenodorusSYRIA, Chalcis ad Belum. AE21mm, 6.40 g. Dated CY 282 (31/30 BC). ΝΕ L, Bare head of Octavian right; BΠΣ (date) in right field /ΖΗΝΟΔΩΡΟΥ ΤΕΤΡΑΡΧΕΙ ΚΑΙ ΑΡΧΗΡΕΩΣ Bare head of Zenodorus (tetrarch and archereus) left. RPC I 4774. CNG Auc 555, Lot 398.
Note: In 36 BC, Mark Antony removed the rulers of Chalcis and gave it to Cleopatra. After the battle of Actium, Octavian restored the tetrarchs to power. In 23 B.C., Augustus deposed Zenodorus and gave his lands to Herod the Great. Afterward Herod's death, Chalcis was returned to putative local rule before finally becoming fully part of the Roman Province of Syria in 92 AD.
lawrence c
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037 - 004 BC - Herod the Great - TJC 59d - PrutahKing: Herod the Great (r. 37-4 BC)
Date: (37-4 BC)
Condition: aFine
Denomination: Prutah
Obverse: HΡΩΔ BAΣIΛ
King Herod
Anchor.
Reverse: no legend
Double cornucopiae with caduceus between horns, five pellets above.
Jerusalem mint
TJC 59d; Hendin 500
1.46g; 14.4mm; 180°Pep
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193 AD - PERTINAX AR denarius - struck January-March 193 ADobv: IMP.CAES.P.HELV.PERTIN.AVG (laureate head right)
rev:OPI.DIVIN.TR.P.COS.II (Ops seated left, holding two corn ears, left hand on top of throne)
ref: RIC IVi 8 (R2), C.33 (60frcs)
2.43gms
Very rare
This coin is ugly, worn and holed, but... it's a Pertinax.
Publius Helvius Pertinax was commander of an equestrian unit in Moesia Superior (or Pannonia Inferior), on the Middle Danube in 167 AD, and fight against the Yaziges. He was also the commander of the First legion Adiutrix, stationed at Brigetio (modern Szöny) between 171-174 AD. Pertinax played an important role during the campaigns against the Marcomanni. It is very likely that I Adiutrix and the two newly founded legions II Italica and III Italica were grouped together in a single task-force. According to the historian Herodian, Pertinax freed the provinces of Noricum and Raetia completely, and took part in the attacks on the Quadi and Sarmatians north of the Danube.berserker
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1bm LucillaWife of Lucius Verus, executed 182 AD
Sestertius
Draped bust, right, LVCILLAE AVG ANTONINI AVG F
Venus standing facing left holding apple, drawing out robe, VENUS
RIC 1767
Daughter of Marcus Aurelius and Faustina Junior, she married Lucius Verus in 164.
According to Herodian: For the present, however, the memory of his father and his respect for his advisers held Commodus in check. But then a disastrous stroke of ill fortune completely altered his previously mild, moderate disposition. It happened this way. The oldest of the emperor's sisters was Lucilla. She had formerly been married to Lucius Verus Caesar. . . . But after Lucius died, Lucilla, who retained all the privileges of her imperial position, was married by her father to Pompeianus.
Commodus, too, allowed his sister to retain the imperial honors; she continued to occupy the imperial seat at the theaters, and the sacred fire was carried before her. But when Commodus married Crispina, custom demanded that the front seat at the theater be assigned to the empress. Lucilla found this difficult to endure, and felt that any honor paid to the empress was an insult to her; but since she was well aware that her husband Pompeianus was devoted to Commodus, she told him nothing about her plans to seize control of the empire. Instead, she tested the sentiments of a wealthy young nobleman, Quadratus, with whom she was rumored to be sleeping in secret. Complaining constantly about this matter of imperial precedence, she soon persuaded the young man to set in motion a plot which brought destruction upon himself and the entire senate.
Quadratus, in selecting confederates among the prominent senators, prevailed upon Quintianus, a bold and reckless young senator, to conceal a dagger beneath his robe and, watching for a suitable time and place, to stab Commodus; as for the rest, he assured Quintianus that he would set matters straight by bribes.
But the assassin, standing in the entrance to the amphitheater (it was dark there and he hoped to escape detection), drew his dagger and shouted at Commodus that he had been sent by the Senate to kill him. Quintianus wasted time making his little speech and waving his dagger; as a result, he was seized by the emperor's bodyguards before he could strike, and died for his stupidity in revealing the plot prematurely.
This was the initial reason for the young emperor's hatred of the Senate. He took Quintianus' words to heart and, ever mindful of what his attacker had said, now considered the entire Senate his collective enemy.
This incident also gave Perennis sufficient excuse for taking action, for he was always advising the emperor to eliminate and destroy the prominent men. By confiscating their property, Perennis easily made himself the richest man of his time. After the attempt at assassination had been thoroughly investigated by the prefect, Commodus without mercy put to death his sister, all those actually involved in the plot, and any who were under the slightest suspicion as well.Blindado
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1br Clodius Albinus195-197
Denarius
Bare head, right, D CL SEPT ALBIN CAES
Roma seated on shield holding Palladium and scepter, ROMAE AETERNAE
RIC 11
According to the Historia Augusta, which in the case of Albinus is thought to be of dubious veracity: After the death of Pertinax, who was slain at Albinus' advice, various men were hailed emperor at about one and the same time by the senate Julianus at Rome, and by the armies, Septimius Severus in Illyricum, Pescennius Niger in the East, and Clodius Albinus in Gaul. According to Herodian, Clodius had been named Caesar by Severus. But as time went on, each chafed at the other's rule, and the armies of Gaul and Germany demanded an emperor of their own naming, and so all parts of the empire were thrown into an uproar. . . .
It is an undeniable fact, moreover, and Marius Maximus also relates it, that Severus at first intended to name Pescennius Niger and Clodius Albinus as his successors, in case aught befell him. Later, as it happened, in the interest of his growing sons, and through envy of the affection in which Albinus was held, and most of all becau-e of his wires entreaties, he changed his purpose and crushed both of them in war. But he did name Albinus consul, and this he never would have done had not Aibinus been a worthy man, since he was ever most careful in his choice of magistrate. . . .
As soon as he came of age he entered military service, and by the aid of Lollius Serenus, Baebius Maecianus and Ceionius Postumianus, all his kinsmen, he gained the notice of the Antonines. In the capacity of a tribune he commanded a troop of Dalmatian horse: he also commanded soldiers of the I and the IV legions. At the time of Avidius' revolt he loyally held the Bithynian army to its allegiance. Next, Commodus transferred him to Gaul; and here he routed the tribes from over the Rhine and made his name illustrious among both Romans and barbarians. This aroused Commodus' interest, and he offered Albinus the name of Caesar and the privilege, too, of giving the soldiers a present and wearing the scarlet cloak. But all these offers Albinus wisely refused, for Commodus, he said, was only looking for a man who would perish with him, or whom he could reasonably put to death. . . .
[A]fter a decisive engagement, where countless of his soldiers fell, and very many fled, and many, too, surrendered, Albinus also fled away and, according to some, stabbed himself, according to others, was stabbed by a slave. At any rate, he was brought to Severus only half alive. . . . Albinus' head was cut off and paraded on a pike, and finally sent to Rome.Blindado
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1ce Severus Alexander222-235
Denarius
Laureate draped bust, right, IMP C M AVR SEV ALEXAND AVG
Sev. Alex in armor, P M TR P III COS P P
RIC 74
Herodian recorded: [The soldiers] were more favorably disposed toward Alexander, for they expected great things of a lad so properly and modestly reared. They kept continual watch upon the youth when they saw that Elagabalus was plotting against him. His mother Mamaea did not allow her son to touch any food or drink sent by the emperor, nor did Alexander use the cupbearers or cooks employed in the palace or those who happened to be in their mutual service; only those chosen by his mother, those who seemed most trustworthy, were allowed to handle Alexander's food.
Mamaea secretly distributed money to the praetorians to win their good will for her son; it was to gold that the praetorians were particularly devoted. . . . . Maesa, the grandmother of them both, foiled all his schemes; she was astute in every way and had spent much of her life in the imperial palace. As the sister of Severus' wife Julia, Maesa had always lived with the empress at the court. . . .
When Alexander received the empire, the appearance and the title of emperor were allowed him, but the management and control of imperial affairs were in the hands of his women, and they undertook a more moderate and more equitable administration. . . . At any rate, he entered the fourteenth year of his reign without bloodshed, and no one could say that the emperor had been responsible for anyone's murder. Even though men were convicted of serious crimes, he nevertheless granted them pardons to avoid putting them to death, and not readily did any emperor of our time, after the reign of Marcus, act in this way or display so much concern for human life.
In the fourteenth year, however, unexpected dispatches from the governors of Syria and Mesopotamia revealed that Artaxerxes, the Persian king, had conquered the Parthians and seized their Eastern empire, killing Artabanus [IV], who was formerly called the Great King and wore the double diadem. Artaxerxes then subdued all the barbarians on his borders and forced them to pay tribute. He did not remain quiet, however, nor stay on his side of the Tigris River, but, after scaling its banks and crossing the borders of the Roman empire, he overran Mesopotamia and threatened Syria.
Traveling rapidly, he came to Antioch, after visiting the provinces and the garrison camps in Illyricum; from that region he collected a huge force of troops. While in Antioch he continued his preparations for the war, giving the soldiers military training under field conditions. . . . The Romans suffered a staggering disaster; it is not easy to recall another like it, one in which a great army was destroyed, an army inferior in strength and determination to none of the armies of old.
Now unexpected messages and dispatches upset Alexander and caused him even greater anxiety: the governors in Illyria reported that the Germans [the Alamans] had crossed the Rhine and the Danube rivers, were plundering the Roman empire. . . . Although he loathed the idea, Alexander glumly announced his departure for Illyria. . . . Alexander undertook to buy a truce rather than risk the hazards of war. . . .
The soldiers, however, were not pleased by his action, for the time was passing without profit to them, and Alexander was doing nothing courageous or energetic about the war; on the contrary, when it was essential that he march out and punish the Germans for their insults, he spent the time in chariot racing and luxurious living. . . . They plotted now to kill Alexander and proclaim Maximinus emperor and Augustus. . . . Alexander's troops deserted him for Maximinus, who was then proclaimed emperor by all. . . . Maximinus sent a tribune and several centurions to kill Alexander and his mother, together with any of his followers who opposed them.Blindado
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1cf OrbianaDenarius
Draped bust, right, SALL BARBIA ORBIANA AVG
Concord std, CONCORDIA AVGG
RIC 319
Orbiana married Severus Alexander about 235, but her mother-in-law convinced him to banish her to Africa. Herodian recorded: Mamaea secured for Alexander a wife from the aristocracy. Although he loved the girl and lived with her, she was afterward banished from the palace by his mother, who, in her egotistic desire to be sole empress, envied the girl her title. So excessively arrogant did Mamaea become that the girl's father, though Alexander esteemed him highly, could no longer endure the woman's insolence toward him and his daughter; consequently, he took refuge in the praetorian camp, fully aware of the debt of gratitude he owed Alexander for the honors he had received from him, but complaining bitterly about Mamaea's insults. Enraged, Mamaea ordered him to be killed and at the same time drove the girl from the palace to exile in Libya. She did this against Alexander's wishes and in spite of his displeasure, but the emperor was dominated by his mother and obeyed her every command. Blindado
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1ch Maximinus235-238
Denarius
Laureate draped bust, right, IMP MAXIMINVS PIVS AVG
Pax stg, PAX AVGVSTI
RIC 12
Herodian recorded: There was in the Roman army a man named Maximinus whose half-barbarian family lived in a village in the most remote section of Thrace. They say that as a boy he was a shepherd, but that in his youthful prime he was drafted into the cavalry because of his size and strength. After a short time, favored by Fortune, he advanced through all the military ranks, rising eventually to the command of armies and the governing of provinces.
Because of his military experience, which I have noted above, Alexander put Maximinus in charge of training recruits for the entire army; his task was to instruct them in military duties and prepare them for service in war. By carrying out his assignments thoroughly and diligently, Maximinus won the affection of the soldiers. He not only taught them their duties; he also demonstrated personally to each man what he was to do. . . .
He won their devotion by giving them all kinds of gifts and rewards. Consequently, the recruits, who included an especially large number of Pannonians, praised the masculinity of Maximinus and despised Alexander as a mother's boy. . . . The soldiers were therefore ready for a change of emperors. . . . They therefore assembled on the drill field for their regular training; when Maximinus took his position before them, either unaware of what was happening or having secretly made prior preparations for the event, the soldiers robed him in the imperial purple and proclaimed him emperor. . . .
When he assumed control of the empire, Maximinus reversed the situation, using his power savagely to inspire great fear. He undertook to substitute for a mild and moderate rule an autocracy in every way barbarous, well aware of the hostility directed toward him because he was the first man to rise from a lowly station to the post of highest honor. His character was naturally barbaric, as his race was barbarian. He had inherited the brutal disposition of his countrymen, and he intended to make his imperial position secure by acts of cruelty, fearing that he would become an object of contempt to the Senate and the people, who might be more conscious of his lowly origin than impressed by the honor he had won. . . .
[A]fter Maximinus had completed three years as emperor, the people of Africa first took up arms and touched off a serious revolt for one of those trivial reasons which often prove fatal to a tyrant. . . . The entire populace of the city quickly assembled when the news was known, and the youths proclaimed Gordian Augustus. He begged to be excused, protesting that he was too old. . . .
[In Rome], the senators met before they received accurate information concerning Maximinus and, placing their trust for the future in the present situation, proclaimed Gordian Augustus, together with his son, and destroyed Maximinus' emblems of honor. . . . Embassies composed of senators and distinguished equestrians were sent to all the governors with letters which clearly revealed the attitude of the Senate and the Roman people. . . . The majority of the governors welcomed the embassies and had no difficulty in arousing the provinces to revolt because of the general hatred of Maximinus. . . .
Blindado
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1cj Balbinus238
Sestertius
Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust, right, seen from front, right, IMP CAES D CAEL BALBINVS AVG
Felicitas standing facing, head left, holding caduceus in right hand, PM TR P COS II PP SC
RIC 18
Herodian wrote, continuing the story of the rebellions against Maximinus: When the death of the elder Gordian was reported at Rome, . . . the senate therefore thought it best to meet and consider what should be done. Since they had already cast the die, they voted to issue a declaration of war and choose two men from their own ranks to be joint emperors. . . . Other senators received votes, but on the final count [Pupienus] Maximus and Balbinus were elected joint emperors by majority opinion. . . .
[Pupienus] had held many army commands; appointed prefect of Rome, he administered the office with diligence and enjoyed among the people a good reputation for his understanding nature, his intelligence, and his moderate way of life. Balbinus, an aristocrat who had twice served as consul and had governed provinces without complaint, had a more open and frank nature. After their election, the two men were proclaimed Augusti, and the Senate awarded them by decree all the imperial honors.
While these actions were being taken on the Capitoline Hill, the people, whether they were informed by Gordian's friends and fellow countrymen or whether they learned it by rumor, filled the entire street leading up to the Capitol. The huge mob was armed with stones and clubs, for they objected to the Senate's action and particularly disapproved of [Pupienus]. The prefect ruled the city too strictly for the popular taste, and was very harsh in his dealings with the criminal and reckless elements of the mob. In their fear and dislike of [Pupienus], they kept shouting threats to kill both emperors, determined that the emperor be chosen from the family of Gordian and that the title remain in that house and under that name.
Balbinus and [Pupienus] surrounded themselves with an escort of swordsmen from the young equestrians and the discharged soldiers living in Rome, and tried to force their way from the Capitol. The mob, armed with stones and clubs, prevented this until, at someone's suggestion, the people were deceived. There was in Rome at that time a little child, the son of Gordian's daughter, who bore his grandfather's name.
The two emperors ordered some of their men to bring the child to the Capitol. Finding the lad playing at home, they lifted him to their shoulders and brought him to the Capitol through the midst of the crowd. Showing the boy to the people and telling them that he was the son of Gordian, they called him "Gordian," while the mob cheered the boy and scattered leaves in his path. The senate appointed him caesar, since he was not old enough to be emperor. The mob, placated, allowed the imperial party to proceed to the palace.
Blindado
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1ck Pupienus238
Sestertius
Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust, right, IMP CAES PVPIEN MAXIMVS AVG
Pax seated left with branch & scepter PAX PVBLICA SC
RIC 22b
Herodian, continuing the story of the rebellion against Maximinus, wrote: [Pupienus] led most of these soldiers out to attack Maximinus; the rest remained behind to guard and defend the city. . . . In the meantime, having completed his march, Maximinus was poised on the borders of Italy; after offering sacrifices at all the boundary altars, he advanced into Italy. . . . When no opposition was offered, they crossed the Alps without hindrance. . . . While the army was in the plain, the scouts reported that Aquileia, the largest city in that part of Italy, had closed its gates and that the Pannonian legions which had been sent ahead had launched a vigorous attack upon the walls of this city. In spite of frequent assaults, they were completely unsuccessful. . . .
As time passed, the army of Maximinus grew depressed and, cheated in its expectations, fell into despair. . . . As Maximinus rode about, the [people of Aquileia] shouted insults and indecent blasphemies at him and his son. The emperor became increasingly angry because he was powerless to retaliate. . . . The emperor's soldiers were. . . in need of everything. There was scarcely even sufficient water for them. . . .
Without warning, the soldiers whose camp was near Rome at the foot of Mount Alba, where they had left their wives and children, decided that the best solution was to kill Maximinus and end the interminable siege. . . . [T]he conspirators went to Maximinus' tent about noon. The imperial bodyguard, which was involved in the plot, ripped Maximinus' pictures from the standards; when he came out of his tent with his son to talk to them, they refused to listen and killed them both. . . .
For the rest of the time the two emperors governed in an orderly and well-regulated manner, winning approval on every hand both privately and publicly. The people honored and respected them as patriotic and admirable rulers of the empire. . . . It so happened that the two men were not in complete accord: so great is the desire for sole rule and so contrary to the usual practice is it for the sovereignty to be shared that each undertook to secure the imperial power for himself alone. Balbinus considered himself the more worthy because of his noble birth and his two terms as consul; [Pupienus] felt that he deserved first place because he had served as prefect of Rome and had won a good reputation by his administrative efforts. Both men were led to covet the sole rule because of their distinguished birth, aristocratic lineage, and the size of their families. This rivalry was the basis of their downfall. When [Pupienus] learned that the Praetorian Guard was coming to kill them, he wished to summon a sufficient number of the German auxiliaries who were in Rome to resist the conspirators. But Balbinus, thinking that this was a ruse intended to deceive him (he knew that the Germans were devoted to [Pupienus]), refused to allow [Pupienus] to issue the order. . . . While the two men were arguing, the praetorians rushed in. . . . When the guards at the palace gates deserted the emperors, the praetorians seized the old men and ripped off the plain robes they were wearing because they were at home. Dragging the two men naked from the palace, they inflicted every insult and indignity upon them. Jeering at these emperors elected by the senate, they beat and tortured them. . . . When the Germans learned what was happening, they snatched up their arms and hastened to the rescue. As soon as the praetorians were informed of their approach, they killed the mutilated emperors. Blindado
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1cl Gordian III238-244
Antoninianus
Radiate, draped & cuirassed bust, right, IMP GORDINVS PIVS FEL AVG
Laetitia standing right with wreath & anchor, LAETITIA AVG N
RIC 86
Continuing his story of the deaths of Balbinus and Pupienus, Herodian wrote: Leaving the corpses exposed in the street, the praetorians took up Gordian Caesar and proclaimed him emperor, since at the moment they could find no other candidate for the office. Proclaiming that they had only killed the men whom the people did not want to rule them in the first place, they chose as emperor this Gordian who was descended from the Gordian whom the Romans themselves had forced to accept the rule. Keeping their emperor Gordian with them, they went off to the praetorian camp. . . . Gordian, at the age of about thirteen, was designated emperor and assumed the burden of the Roman empire. . . .
Eutropius continued the story: After Gordian, when quite a boy, had married Tranquillina at Rome, he opened the temple of Janus, and, setting out for the east, made war upon the Parthians, who were then proceeding to make an irruption. This war he soon conducted with success, and made havoc of the Persians in great battles. As he was returning, he was killed, not far from the Roman boundaries, by the treachery of Philip who reigned after him. The Roman soldiers raised a monument for him, twenty miles from Circessus, which is now a fortress of the Romans, overlooking the Euphrates. His relics they brought to Rome, and gave him the title of god. Blindado
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202. Septimius SeverusThe Caledonians are next mentioned in 209, when they are said to have surrendered to the emperor Septimius Severus after he personally led a military expedition north of Hadrian's Wall, in search of a glorious military victory. Herodian and Dio wrote only in passing of the campaign but describe the Caledonians ceding territory to Rome as being the result. Cassius Dio records that the Caledonians inflicted 50,000 Roman casualties due to attrition and unconventional tactics such as guerrilla warfare. Dr. Colin Martin has suggested that the Severan campaigns did not seek a battle but instead sought to destroy the fertile agricultural land of eastern Scotland and thereby bring about genocide of the Caledonians through starvation.
By 210 however, the Caledonians had re-formed their alliance with the Maeatae and joined their fresh offensive. A punitive expedition led by Severus' son, Caracalla, was sent out with the purpose of slaughtering everyone it encountered from any of the northern tribes. Severus meanwhile prepared for total conquest but was already ill; he died at Eboracum (modern day York) in Britannia in 211. Caracalla attempted to take over command but when his troops refused to recognise him as emperor, he made peace with the Caledonians and retreated south of Hadrian's Wall to press his claim for the throne. Sheppard Frere suggests that Caracalla briefly continued the campaign after his father's death rather than immediately leaving, citing an apparent delay in his arrival in Rome and indirect numismatic and epigraphic factors that suggest he may instead have fully concluded the war but that Dio's hostility towards his subject led him to record the campaign as ending in a truce. Malcolm Todd however considers there to be no evidence to support this. Nonetheless the Caledonians did retake their territory and pushed the Romans back to Hadrians Wall.
In any event, there is no further historical mention of the Caledonians for a century save for a c. AD 230 inscription from Colchester which records a dedication by a man calling himself the nephew (or grandson) of "Uepogenus, [a] Caledonian". This may be because Severus' campaigns were so successful that the Caledonians were wiped out, however this is highly unlikely. In 305, Constantius Chlorus re-invaded the northern lands of Britain although the sources are vague over their claims of penetration into the far north and a great victory over the "Caledones and others" (Panegyrici Latini Vetares, VI (VII) vii 2). The event is notable in that it includes the first recorded use of the term 'Pict' to describe the tribes of the area.
Septimius Severus. AD 193-211. Æ As (25mm, 11.07 g, 7h). “Victoria Britannica” issue. Rome mint. Struck AD 211. Laureate head right / Victory standing right, holding vexillum; seated captives flanking. RIC IV 812a. Near VF, brown surfaces with touches of green and red, porous. Rare.
From the Fairfield Collection.
ex-cng EAuction 329 481/100/60
ecoli
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210-217 AD - CARACALLA AE22 Trajanopolis, Thraceobv: AYT K M AYPH ANTONINOC (radiate head right)
rev: TPAIAN-O-POLEITWN (Athena helmeted standing left, holding spear and shield and palladium in right hand)
ref: ?
3.64gms, 22mm
Trajanopolis was near on the Via Egnatia, at the mouth of the Hebrus river. Earlier called Doriscus, and this was the place where Xerxes counted his army, before he had attack against Greece (see Herodotus 7, 58). Imperial coins struck from Trajan to Gordian III.berserker
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3855 PHOENICIA Berytus Hadrian 128-138 AD two legionary Aquilae Reference.
RPC III, 3855; Rouvier 532; SNG Cop 101; BMC Phoenicia 99 (p. 66)
Obv. IMP CAES TRAI HADRIANVS AVG P P
Laureate and draped bust right.
Rev. COL / BER
Two legionary aquilae (eagles) flanking inscription in two lines, all within laurel wreath, pellet between eagles.
4.99 gr
20 mm
die axis 0o
Note.
Named for the daughter of Augustus, Colonia Iulia Augusta Felix Berytus was founded in 14 B.C. with veterans of the 5th and 8th legions. Herod the Great, Herod Agrippa I, and Herod Agrippa II built sumptuous monuments and sponsored gladiatorial combats at Berytos. After the siege of Jerusalem, Titus gave gladiatorial games at Berytos, in which the combatants were Jews.
ex.
FORVMokidoki
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4) Antony: SosiusGAIUS SOSIUS
General to Antony
Æ 26mm (14.5 g). ~ 38 BC.
Cilicia, Uncertain Mint.
Bare head right / Fiscus, sella, quaestoria and hasta; Q below.
Coin has been attributed to multiple rulers, including Julius Caesar, Augustus and Brutus. Now believed to be Sosius, General to Antony and Governor of Syria.
RPC I 5409; Laffaille 324; Grant, FITA, pg. 13. aFine, brown patina, scratches. Rare.
0001SOS
Sosius was wily and accomplished man. A talented general, he received a triumph. However, he consistently picked the wrong side in Rome's Civil Wars (Senate vs. Caesar, then Antony vs. Octavian) yet somehow managed to keep his head.
According to Wikipedia:
Gaius Sosius was a Roman general and politician.
Gaius Sosius was elected quaestor in 66 BC and praetor in 49 BC. Upon the start of the civil war, he joined the party of the Senate and Pompey. Upon the flight of Pompey to Greece, Sosius returned to Rome and submitted to Julius Caesar.
After the assassination of Caesar, Sosius joined the party of Mark Antony, by whom in 38 BC he was appointed governor of Syria and Cilicia in the place of Publius Ventidius. As governor, Sosius was commanded by Antony to support Herod against Antigonus the Hasmonean, when the latter was in possession of Jerusalem. In 37 BC, he advanced against Jerusalem and after he became master of the city, Sosius placed Herod upon the throne. In return for this services, he was awarded a triumph in 34 BC, and he became consul along with Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus as his colleague in 32 BC.
When civil war broke out between Antony and Octavian, Sosius espoused the cause of Antony and violently attacked Octavian in the senate, for which he was forced to flee to the east. In 31 BC, Sosius commanded a squadron in Mark Antony's fleet with which he managed to defeat the squadron of Taurius Rufus – according to Dio 50.14 – and put it to flight, but when the latter was reinforced by Marcus Agrippa, Sosius's ally Tarcondimotus – the king of Cilicia – was killed and Sosius himself was forced to flee. At Actium, Sosius commanded the left wing of Antony's fleet. After the battle, from which he managed to escape, his hiding place was detected and Sosius was captured and brought before Octavian but, at the intercession of Lucius Arruntius, Octavian pardoned him. He returned to Rome and completed his building project on the temple of Apollo Medicus (begun in 34 BC), dedicating it in Octavian's name.
Unknown sons, but two daughters : Sosia and Sosia Galla, possibly by an Asinia,[1] a Nonia or an Aelia. However the name reappears with Q. Sosius Senecio, (consul in 99 and 107).[2] and Saint Sosius (275-305 AD).
Sosius attended the Ludi Saeculares in 17 according to an inscription CIL 6.32323 = ILS 5050 as a quindecimvir.
RM0002Sosius
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A. PlautiusA. Plautius 54 BCE, denarius, 21mm., Rome mint. O: Turreted head of Cybele right, A PLAVTIVS before, AED CVR SC behind. R: Bacchius (Aristobulus II) kneeling right, extending olive branch, camel at side, BACCHIVS in exergue, IVDAEVS on right. Hendin 1443
The 'Bacchius the Jew' kneeling on the reverse is most likely Judah Aristobulus II, who usurped the throne of Judea from his brother John Hyrcanus II between 67 and 63 BC. In 63 BCE, Pompey the Great sided with Hyrcanus and subjected Jerusalem to a brutal siege and sacking, deposing Aristobulus II. Pompey went so far as to enter the Holy of Holies, defiling the sanctuary and marking the end of the great Hasmonean dynasty.
The Romans now had a foot in the door and were not about to remove it. Hyrcanus became a Roman ethnarch, one who ruled by the grace of the Romans, dependent on their goodwill and support to retain his throne.
Aristobulus was permitted to live as a hostage in Rome, but later escaped and tried to resume the throne, only to be defeated again by M. Aemilius Scaurus. This issue celebrates this unsuccessful attempt to regain control of Judaea.
Behind the scenes, a rich Idumaean chieftain named Antipater continued to manipulate Hyrcanus and to pander to Rome, building influence and power. This set the stage for the eventual rise to power of his infamous son, Herod the Great.
Except for the inscription, this coin is of the same reverse type as Hendin 1441.Nemonater
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A. Plautius denarius 55 BCEA. Plautius.
AED • CVR • S • C downwards to left, A • PLAVTIVS downward to right
Turreted head of Cybele right, wearing cruciform earring, hair in knot, locks falling down neck;
IVDAEVS upward to right, BACCHIVS in exergue.
Bearded male figure (Aristobulus II) kneels right with palm branch in left hand, alongside camel
Rome, 55 BCE.
3.75g
Hendin 6470
Ex-Taters
The very first Judaea Capta type commemorating the defeat of Aristobulus II in trying to usurp the High Priesthood and Kingship from his brother Hyrcanus II.
From Hendin's Guide to Biblical Coins volume 6:
"Bacchus the Jew has been an enigma in numismatics. The most popular opinion is that the figure on the coin represents Aristobulus II, ally of Aretas III, and commemorates Aristobulus' unsuccessful insurrection against both his brother Hyrcanus II and Pompey the Great.
"I suggest that BACCHIVS IVDAEVS is not only half-playful, but tauntingly mean and mischievous as well. There are numerous suggestions that many Romans and Greeks believed the ancient Jewish religion to be a cult of Dionysus, the popular god of grapes and winemaking, feasting, drunken behavior, and ecstasy. Josephus does not discuss any aspects of Bacchus and the Jews, but he mentions that Herod I presented a golden vine to the Temple. It was used to hang donatives of golden grapes and vine leaves and the vine was said to be part of the booty taken to Rome by Titus. Among the important prayers in Judaism, both ancient and modern, are those prayers that call upon the monotheistic God to bless "the fruit of the vine."
Grapes were also one of the seven species listed in Deuteronomy 8:8 as special products of the ancient Land of Israel. The relationship the Greeks and Romans fantasized to exist between the Jews and Dionysus may also be related to the traditional mythology that Dionysus was the son of Semele, "who was the daughter of Cadmus, who, being a Phoenician, was a Semite who spoke a language closely akin to Hebrew." (GBC p. 367)"Jay GT4
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AE Prutah of Herod Agrippa I Year 6 (41/42 AD)Obverse: Fringed Triangular Umbrella with legend BACILEWC AGRIPA
Reverse: 3 Ears of Barley with leaves at the base; Year L -- S (6) to right and left
Herod Agrippa was the grandson of Herod the Great. He was admired by the Jews as a strong supporter of their traditions but hated by the early Christian for the execution of James and the imprisonment of Peter.
Hendin 553 (ref. Wildwinds) wt 2.6 gmsdaverino
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Agrippa I, with Agrippa IIAgrippa I, with Agrippa II
Hendin - 546 / 1237 / 6268
Minted at Caesarea Philippi (Paneas)
Dated RY 2 of Agrippa I (37 – 38 AD)
8.05 grams / 21.5 mm
Obv. – Diademed head of Agrippa I right. Legends around.
Rev. – Agrippa II, on horse riding right holding reins and raising hand. Legends around, LB (date) below.
Agrippa I was the grandson of Herod the Great and was the son of Aristobulus IV and Berenice. Agrippa I is the “Herod” mentioned in the book of Acts, Chapter 12.
(photo courtesy of CNG)
cmcdon0923
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Ancient Judaea, Herodian Kingdom: Agrippa I (37-44 CE) Æ Prutah, Jerusalem, RY 6 (Hendin 1244; TJC 120)Obv: BACIΛEOC AΓPIÎ Î A; umbrella-like canopy
Rev: Three grain ears; across field, date L Ï‚
Quant.Geek
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Ancient Judaea, Herodian Kingdom: Herod I (40 BCE-4 CE) Æ 8 Prutot, Uncertain mint in Samaria, RY 3 (Hendin 1169; TJC 44)Obv: Helmet with cheek guards surmounted by star; above to either side, palm branch
Rev: BAΣIΛEΩΣ HPΩΔOY; tripod lebes; in left field, L Γ; in right field, monogram
Quant.Geek
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Ancient Judaea, Herodian Kingdom: Herod I (40 BCE-4 CE) Æ Prutah, Uncertain mint in Samaria, RY 3 (Hendin 1170; TJC 45)Obv: Shield with decorated rim.
Rev: BAΣIΛEΩΣ HPΩΔOY, crested helmet; in left field, date (L Γ); in right field, monogram
From the Dr. Patrick Tan Collection
Quant.Geek
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Ancient Judaea, Herodian Kingdom: Herod II Archelaos (4 BCE-6 CE) Æ Half Prutah, Jerusalem (Meshorer 72c; Hendin 1197; RPC I 4916)Obv: HPW; prow of galley facing left, circle of dots
Rev: EΘN within wreath, circle of dots
Quant.Geek
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Aretas IV, 9 B.C. - 40 A.D. 33056. Bronze AE 11, Meshorer Nabataean 93Nabataean Kingdom, Aretas IV, 9 B.C. - 40 A.D. Bronze AE 11, Meshorer Nabataean 93, F, Petra mint, 0.982g, 11.2mm, 0o, 5 - 6 A.D.; obverse Aretas' Aramaic monogram O / H (ayin / het) within wreath; reverse , eagle standing left, wings closed, H (Aramaic het) behind. Aretas' daughter was married to Herod Antipas, Herod the Great's son, and the Tetrarch of Galilee. This coin resembles a coin minted by King Herod and the reverse probably depicts the golden bird Herod placed above the entrance to the Jerusalem Temple. Ex FORVM, photo credit FORVMPodiceps
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Ascalon; AE 14; Hendin 824; Tyche/ galleyAscalon, Judaea, c. 2nd Century A.D. Bronze AE 14, cf. Hendin 824; SGCV II 6079 var; BMC Palestine p. 112, 46 ff. var (various years), aF, Ascalon mint, 3.290g, 13.4mm, 0o, obverse turreted head of Tyche right, ACKA“L” before; reverse , war galley, uncertain date above. Askalon lies on the shore of the Mediterranean, ten miles north of Gaza and about 40 miles south of Joppa. Herod the Great ruled all of Palestine, except Askalon, which remained a free city. Ex FORVMPodiceps
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Assortment of replica Biblical coinsI'm told that these were made in the 50's for use in Sunday schools. 7 coins encased in a slab of plastic. From smallest to largest they are as follows:
Lepton of Caponius 6 AD
Lepton of Pontius Pilate 29 AD
Herod Antipas 29 AD
Denarius of Tiberius14-37 AD
Harod the Great 37 BC
Shekel of Tyre 126 BC
Vespasian 72 AD
Quality is not as good as modern replicas but it makes a nice addition to my desk. I don't think these coins would fool anyone! :DJay GT4
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Augustus and Aretas IV, 1 BC / 1 ADObv. bare head of Augustus left , AVGVS TR • POT.
Rev. laureate head of Aretas VI left , Nabataean date ( Shnt ///~) year 8 .
21mm, 6.9 grams
This coin shows in one side Augustus and the other side a Nabataean king with Nabatean script in front of his head ( Shnt ///~) dated to the eighth year of the reign of King Aretas IV, about 1 BC-1 AD , which is four years after the death of the Herodian King Herod the Great in 4 BC. Augustus relied on his friend Herod for the affairs of the East, and after the death of Herod , his kingdom was divided among his three sons, which led to the weakness of the strongest ally of Emperor Augustus.
This coin was wrongly described by RPC I 5419; SNG Hunterian 4983 as unknown mint from Syria or Zenodorus at Chalcis for unknown king.
Canaan
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BCC CG18 Herodian Oil Lamp FragmentHerodian Oil Lamp Nozzle
Caesarea Maritima
Late 1st Cent. BCE-Middle 1st Cent. CE
Fragment of a "Jerusalem" Type Herodian
oil lamp consisting of a complete nozzle
attached to a remnant of the body. (Adler
type JERU.1). This lamp had a rounded
wheel-made body and a nozzle that was
made separately, joined to the body, and
then smoothed with a blade, giving it a
splayed shape and concave sides. Decoration
is sparse, consisting of small incised circles
on either side of the wick hole, a horizontal
hashed line across the middle, and two more
circles along the base of the nozzle. The
fine-grained clay has a light charcoal grey
appearance from firing in a low oxygen
environment. This piece, though only a
fragment, is interesting in that it clearly
shows the internal connection of the two
parts that would otherwise be very difficult
to observe.
Dim. L3.8 x W4.6 x H2.7cm. Wt: 13.84gm.
cf. KhQ 1571 (Fig. 4: 036.6) in Młynarczyk,
'Terracotta Oil Lamps from Qumran: the Typology',
Revue Biblique 2013, pp.114-6. "Besides other
finds from Jerusalem, the lamp nozzles paralleling
those from Qumran have been found in En-Gedi,
Bet Shean, Caesarea, Dor, Nabratein, as well as
in Sepphoris, Iotapata, Gamla, Meiron and Avdat/ Eboda".
Surface find Caesarea Maritima, 1974
J. Berlin Caesarea Collection
(click for larger pic)v-drome
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BCC J35 Herod ArchelausJudaea - AE Prutah
Caesarea Maritima
Herod Archelaus 4BCE - 6CE
Ethnarch of Judaea, Samaria, and Idumaea
Mint of Jerusalem
Obv:HPω∆OY
Bunch of grapes, vine leaf to left.
Rev:[EΘNAPXOY]
Tall military helmet, facing,
with crest and cheek straps,
caduceus, below left.
17mm. 2.33gm. Axis:90
Hendin III 505v-drome
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BCC J36 Herod ArchelausJudaea - AE Prutah
Caesarea Maritima
Herod Archelaus 4BCE - 6CE
Ethnarch of Judaea, Samaria,
and Idumaea. Mint of Jerusalem
Obv:[HPω∆OY] Bunch of grapes,
vine leaf to left.
Rev:[EΘNAPXOY] Tall military
helmet, facing, w/ crest and
cheek straps. Caduceus, below left.
Irregular, crude type, very rare
15mm. 1.15gm. Axis:0
cf. Hendin III 505, TJC: 73e, 73f
J. Berlin Caesarea Collectionv-drome
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BCC J37 Herod ArchelausJudaea - AE Prutah
Caesarea Maritima
Herod Archelaus 4BCE - 6CE
Mint of Jerusalem
Obv:HPω∆OY
Bunch of grapes, vine leaf to left.
Rev:[EΘNAPXOY]
Tall military helmet, facing,
with crest and cheek straps,
caduceus, below left.
17.5mm. 2.40gm. Axis:150
Hendin III 505
J. Berlin Caesarea Collectionv-drome
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BCC J38 Herod ArchelausJudaea - AE Prutah
Caesarea Maritima
Herod Archelaus 4BCE - 6CE
Mint of Jerusalem
Obv:HP[ω∆OY]
Bunch of grapes, vine leaf to left.
Rev:EΘNAPXOY
Tall military helmet, facing,
with crest and cheek straps,
caduceus, below left.
18mm. 2.71gm. Axis:180
Hendin III 505
J. Berlin Caesarea Collection
v-drome
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BCC J39 Herod ArchelausJudaea - AE Prutah
Caesarea Maritima
Herod Archelaus 4BCE - 6CE
Mint of Jerusalem
Obv:HPω∆[OY]
Bunch of grapes, vine leaf to left.
Rev:EΘNAPXOY
Tall military helmet, facing,
with crest and cheek straps,
caduceus, below left.
15.5mm. 1.28gm. Axis:330
Broken, worn. Hendin III 505
J. Berlin Caesarea Collectionv-drome
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BCC J40 Herod ArchelausJudaea - AE Prutah
Caesarea Maritima
Herod Archelaus 4BCE - 6CE
Mint of Jerusalem
Obv:HPω∆OY
Bunch of grapes, vine leaf to left.
Rev:EΘNAPXOY
Tall military helmet, facing,
with crest and cheek straps,
caduceus, below left.
18 x 16mm. 2.68gm. Axis:315
Hendin III 505
J. Berlin Caesarea Collectionv-drome
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BCC J41 Herod ArchelausJudaea - AE Prutah
Caesarea Maritima
Herod Archelaus 4BCE - 6CE
Mint of Jerusalem
Obv:HPω
Prow of galley, to left
Rev:EΘN, with wreath around.
15 x 13mm. 1.14gm. Axis:0
Hendin III 506
J. Berlin Caesarea Collectionv-drome
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BCC J42 Herod ArchelausJudaea - AE Prutah
Caesarea Maritima
4BCE - 6CE
Ethnarch of Judaea, Samaria,
and Idumaea.
Mint of Jerusalem
Obv:[HPω]
Prow of galley, to left
Rev:EΘN, with wreath around.
13.5mm. 1.34gm. Axis:180
Hendin III 506
J. Berlin Caesarea Collectionv-drome
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BCC J51 Herod the GreatJudaea - AE Prutah
Caesarea Maritima
Herod the Great 40BCE - 4BCE
Mint of Jerusalem
Obv:HPW BACI Anchor within
border of dots.
Rev:Double cornucopia with
caduceus between.
15.5mm. 1.65gm. Axis:120
Hendin III 500v. (1188)
Surface find, 1977
J. Berlin Caesarea Collectionv-drome
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BCC J52 Herod the GreatJudaea - AE Prutah
Caesarea Maritima
Herod the Great 40BCE - 4BCE
Mint of Jerusalem
Obv:HPW BACI
Anchor within border of dots.
Rev:Double cornucopia with
caduceus between, dots above.
15.5mm. 1.65gm. Axis:120
Hendin III 500 (1188)
Surface find, 1977v-drome
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BCC J57 Herod the GreatJudaea - AE Lepton
Herod the Great 40BCE - 4BCE
Mint of Jerusalem
Obv:HPWΔ BACIΛ
Greek inscription above and
below cornucopia.
Rev:Eagle standing right.
12.5mm. 0.91gm. Axis:330
Hendin III 501 (1190)
Surface find, Caesarea Maritima, 1975v-drome
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BCC J59 Herod the GreatJudaea - AE Prutah
Herod the Great 40BCE - 4BCE
Mint of Jerusalem
Obv: [HPWΔ BACIΛ]
Incomplete Greek inscription
around cross within diadem.
Rev: Tripod table.
14.5mm. 1.56gm. Axis:210
Hendin III 491 (1179)
Surface find, Caesarea Maritima, 1975v-drome
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BCC LT109 Lead Tessera Hippodrome?Lead Tessera
Roman 1st-4th Century CE
Obv: Uncertain type. Hippodrome?
Barge? or Hieroglyph?
Rev: Uncertain type, extremely
faint image or blank.
The image on this unique tessera is remarkably
similar to the layout of the original Herodian era
hippodrome at Caesarea, mentioned by Josephus.
This U-shaped structure was located along the
shoreline between the "promontory palace" and
the central harbour of the ancient city, as seen in
this aerial view from the south. The orientation
exactly matches the image on the tessera, with the
curved end at the bottom, the ocean waves on the
left, and additional structures along the sides.
Other ideas are welcome.
Pb12.5 x 10.5 x 1.0mm. 0.88gm.
Surface find Caesarea Maritima ca. 1970's
J. Berlin Caesarea Collection
(click for larger pic)v-drome
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Bronze prutah of Herod Archelaus, mint of Jerusalem. Obv.: Vine branch with bunch of grapes and small leaf. Above it, a Greek inscription HPWΔOY (of Herod). Rev.: Crested helmet with two cheek pieces. Below it, a small caduceus and inscription EΘNAPXO (of the Ethnarch). The letter Y (of EΘNAPXOY) is missing.
4 B.C.E. – 6 C.E. 2.40 grams, 17 mm, axis 12. Cf. Ya'akov Meshorer, A Treasury of Jewish Coins (New York 2001), pl. 48, no. 73aAntonivs Protti
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CALABRIA, Taras. Circa 500-490 BC. AR Nomos8.03 g, 9h
Taras riding dolphin right, holding cuttlefish, left hand extended / Hippocamp left; cockle shell below. Fischer-Bossert 27 (V12/R21); Vlasto 115 (same obv. die); HN Italy 827; McClean 533. VF, minor roughness.
In the time this coinage was produced Tarentum was a monarchy, as it had been since its foundation. Though we have little information concerning the early governance of Tarentum, the monarchy was probably modelled on the one ruling over Sparta. According to Herodotus (iii, 136) a certain king Aristophilides ruled over the city in this period.
Since the arrival of the Greeks in the region in the late 8th century BC, a long-running series of skirmishes appears to have taken place between the Tarentines and the indigenous Iapygian tribes (Messapians, Daunians and the Peucetii) who controlled the interior of the Apulian peninsula. Tarentine expansion was therefore limited to the coast because of the resistance of these populations, a situation reflected in their coinage types which are predominantly marine in character.
In c.490 BC the Messapians moved against the Tarentines with a composite force of around 8,000 men including shield infantry, skirmishers, and their skilled cavalry. The Tarentines meanwhile fielded 4,000 citizen hoplites and 1,000 light infantry in support, as well as a combination of light and sword-wielding cavalry. Outside the walls of their city the Tarentines withstood the initial skirmishing and the Messapian charge; despite the superiority of the Messapian cavalry and being greatly outnumbered on foot, the Tarentines appear to have represented their Spartan heritage well in this battle, and were able to claim victory and a temporary respite from the Iapygian attacks. After this defeat the Iapygians would not challenge Taras again for nearly twenty years, but in 473 when they would again come against the Tarentines, they would come in overwhelming numbers.Leo
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CALABRIA, TarentumTaranto was founded in 706 BC by Dorian immigrants as the only Spartan colony, and its origin is peculiar: the founders were Partheniae, sons of unmarried Spartan women and perioeci (free men, but not citizens of Sparta); these unions were decreed by the Spartans to increase the number of soldiers (only the citizens of Sparta could become soldiers) during the bloody Messenian Wars, but later they were nullified, and the sons were forced to leave. According to the legend Phalanthus, the Parthenian leader, went to Delphi to consult the oracle and received the puzzling answer that he should found a city where rain fell from a clear sky. After all attempts to capture a suitable place to found a colony failed, he became despondent, convinced that the oracle had told him something that was impossible, and was consoled by his wife. She laid his head in her lap and herself became disconsolate. When Phalanthus felt her tears splash onto his forehead he at last grasped the meaning of the oracle, for his wife's name meant clear sky. The harbour of Taranto in Apulia was nearby and he decided this must be the new home for the exiles. The Partheniae arrived and founded the city, naming it Taras after the son of the Greek sea god, Poseidon, and the local nymph Satyrion. A variation says Taras was founded in 707 BC by some Spartans, who, the sons of free women and enslaved fathers, were born during the Messenian War. According to other sources, Heracles founded the city. Another tradition indicates Taras himself as the founder of the city; the symbol of the Greek city (as well as of the modern city) is Taras riding a dolphin. Taranto increased its power, becoming a commercial power and a sovereign city of Magna Graecia, ruling over the Greek colonies in southern Italy.
In its beginning, Taranto was a monarchy, probably modelled on the one ruling over Sparta; according to Herodotus (iii 136), around 492 BC king Aristophilides ruled over the city. The expansion of Taranto was limited to the coast because of the resistance of the populations of inner Apulia. In 472 BC, Taranto signed an alliance with Rhegion, to counter the Messapii, Peuceti, and Lucanians (see Iapygian-Tarentine Wars), but the joint armies of the Tarentines and Rhegines were defeated near Kailìa (modern Ceglie), in what Herodotus claims to be the greatest slaughter of Greeks in his knowledge, with 3,000 Reggians and uncountable Tarentines killed. In 466 BC, Taranto was again defeated by the Iapyges; according to Aristotle, who praises its government, there were so many aristocrats killed that the democratic party was able to get the power, to remove the monarchy, inaugurate a democracy, and expel the Pythagoreans. Like Sparta, Tarentum was an aristocratic republic, but became democratic when the ancient nobility dwindled.
However, the rise of the democratic party did not weaken the bonds of Taranto and her mother-city Sparta. In fact, Taranto supported the Peloponnesian side against Athens in the Peloponnesian War, refused anchorage and water to Athens in 415 BC, and even sent ships to help the Peloponnesians, after the Athenian disaster in Sicily. On the other side, Athens supported the Messapians, in order to counter Taranto's power.
In 432 BC, after several years of war, Taranto signed a peace treaty with the Greek colony of Thurii; both cities contributed to the foundation of the colony of Heraclea, which rapidly fell under Taranto's control. In 367 BC Carthage and the Etruscans signed a pact to counter Taranto's power in southern Italy.
Under the rule of its greatest statesman, strategist and army commander-in-chief, the philosopher and mathematician Archytas, Taranto reached its peak power and wealth; it was the most important city of the Magna Graecia, the main commercial port of southern Italy, it produced and exported goods to and from motherland Greece and it had the biggest army and the largest fleet in southern Italy. However, with the death of Archytas in 347 BC, the city started a slow, but ineluctable decline; the first sign of the city's decreased power was its inability to field an army, since the Tarentines preferred to use their large wealth to hire mercenaries, rather than leave their lucrative trades.
In 343 BC Taranto appealed for aid against the barbarians to its mother city Sparta, in the face of aggression by the Brutian League. In 342 BC, Archidamus III, king of Sparta, arrived in Italy with an army and a fleet to fight the Lucanians and their allies. In 338 BC, during the Battle of Manduria, the Spartan and Tarentine armies were defeated in front of the walls of Manduria (nowadays in province of Taranto), and Archidamus was killed.
In 333 BC, still troubled by their Italic neighbours, the Tarentines called the Epirotic king Alexander Molossus to fight the Bruttii, Samnites, and Lucanians, but he was later (331 BC) defeated and killed in the battle of Pandosia (near Cosenza). In 320 BC, a peace treaty was signed between Taranto and the Samnites. In 304 BC, Taranto was attacked by the Lucanians and asked for the help of Agathocles tyrant of Syracuse, king of Sicily. Agathocles arrived in southern Italy and took control of Bruttium (present-day Calabria), but was later called back to Syracuse. In 303 BC-302 BC Cleonymus of Sparta established an alliance with Taranto against the Lucanians, and fought against them.
Arnold J. Toynbee, a classical scholar who taught at Oxford and other prestigious English universities and who did original and definitive work on Sparta (e.g. The Journal of Hellenic Studies, vol. xxxiii 1913 p. 246-275) seemed to have some doubts about Tarentum (Taranto) being of Spartan origin.
In his book The Study of History vol. iii p. 52 he wrote: "...Tarentum, which claimed a Spartan origin; but, even if this claim was in accordance with historical fact..." The tentative phrasing seems to imply that the evidence is neither conclusive or even establishes a high degree of probability of the truth that Tarentum (Taranto) was a Spartan colony.
CALABRIA, Tarentum. Circa 302-281 BC. AR Drachm (17mm, 2.91 gm). Helmeted head of Athena right, helmet decorated with Skylla hurling a stone / Owl standing right head facing, on olive branch; Vlasto 1058; SNG ANS 1312; HN Italy 1015. VF.
Ex-Cng eAuction 103 Lot 2 190/150ecoli
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EB0245 Anchor / CornucopiaeJUDAEA, HEROD l, AE Prutah, 40BC-4AD.
Obverse: HΡΩΔ BACI, anchor.
Reverse: double cornucopiae with caduceus between, dots above.
References: Hendin 500var.
Diameter: 16mm, Weight: 1.409g.
Note: Sold.EB
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EB0246 Tripod / HelmetJUDAEA, HEROD l, AE 23 (double?), 37 BC-4 AD.
Obverse: Tripod, ceremonial bowl (lebes) above; date LΓ = Year 3 = 40 BC, and monogram TP in field left & right; inscription (of King Herod).
Reverse: Military helmet, star above flanked by two palm-branches.
References: Hendin 486.
Diameter: 23mm, Weight: 6.356g.EB
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EB0247 Grapes / HelmetJUDAEA, HEROD ARCHELAUS, AE 16 (prutah ?), 4-6 AD.
Obverse: HPWDOY, bunch of grapes on vine with small leaf on left.
Reverse: EQNARCOU, tall helmet with crest & cheek straps, viewed from front, caduceus below.
References: Meshorer 61; Hendin 505.
Diameter: 16.5mm, Weight: 2.142g.
Note: Sold.EB
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EB0255 Domitian / NikeJUDAEA, Herodian Kings, Agrippa II, DOMITIAN, AE 18, 81-96 AD.
Obverse: DOMITIANOC KAICAPE, laureate head of Domitian right.
Reverse: ETO IQ BA A GRIPP, Nike inscribing shield right.
References: SG 5590; Hendin 600.
Diameter: 18.5mm, Weight: 6.085g.
Note: Sold.EB
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Greece, Athens - Odeon of Herodes AtticusBuilt in 161 ADJ. B.
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GREEK, Italia, Velia Lucania, AR Didrachm Struck 293 - 280 B.C.
The obverse with the head of Athena facing left, wearing crested Attic helmet decorated with griffin. Monogram behind neckpiece, Φ on neck.
The reverse with lion stalking right caduceus above. The legend reading: YEΛHTΩN = "Of Elea"
Williams 515
Elea was the ancient name of the town of Velia. According to Herodotus, in 545 B.C. a group of Ionian Greeks fled Phokaia in modern Turkey, after it was besieged by the Persians. They settled in Corsica until they were attacked by a force of Etruscans and Carthaginians. The surviving 6000 took to the sea once more before finally settling on the coast of Italy and founding the town of Hyele, later to be renamed Ele, and then, eventually, Elea.
Diameter: 22 mm. Weight: 7.20 g.
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Hendin 1188Herod the Great. 40-4 B.C.. AE Prutah. Jerusalem Mint. Hendin 1188. Obverse Greek inscription, anchor. Reverse: Double cornucopia with caduceus between, dots above.
The most commonly struck coin during Herod's reign.Lucas H
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Hendin 1190: Herod the Great, Eagle LeptonHerod the Great. 37-4 B.C.. AE half-prutah. Jerusalem Mint. Hendin 1190. Obverse: (Of King Herod in Greek), single cornucopia. Reverse: Eagle standing right. Ex Amphora.
The first coin by a Jewish ruler to depict a graven image. This could be a reference to the golden bird King Herod placed at the Second Temple in Jerusalem.Lucas H
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Hendin-500HEROD I (The Great) 40-4 BCE
Mint:Jerusalem;AE Prutah
Obv: HPW BACI-around Anchor
"of King Herod" in Greek.
Rev: Double cornucopia with caduceus between horns,four dots above.
Size: 15 mm; 1.67 grams.
Meshorer:AJC II-237,17; TJC- 59CBrian L
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Hendin-553 HEROD AGRIPPA I 37-44 AD
Mint:Jerusalem;AE prutah, Date:41-42 AD
Obv- AGRIPA BACILEWC -Surrounding umbrella canopy with fringes.
Rev-Three heads of barley growing between two leaves flanked by date,L-V:year 6.
Size: 1.88gms; 16.8 mm
Meshorer:TJC-120Brian L
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Herod AgrippaBronze prutah, Hendin 553, VF, maximum diameter Jerusalem mint, 41 - 42 A.D.;
OBV: AΓΡΙΠA BACIΛEWC (King Agrippa), umbrella canopy with fringes;
REV: three heads of barley growing between two leaves flanked by date L - stigma (year 6);SRukke
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Herod Agrippa - AE prutahJerusalem
41-42 AD
umbrella-like canopy with fringes
AΓPIΠA BACIΛEWC
three heads of barley between two leaves
L__Ϛ
Hendin 6274, Meshorer TJC 120, RPC I 4981, SNG ANS 262, Sofaer 153
ex Savoca
ex Tareq Hani collectionJ. B.
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Herod Agrippa I Prutah (Canopy/barley, Hendin 6274) v.1HEROD AGRIPPA I, AD 41-44
AE Prutah (17.95mm, 2.43g, 1h)
Struck AD 41/2. Jerusalem mint
Obverse: ΒΑϹΙΛΕΩϹ ΑΓΡΙΠΑ around canopy
Reverse: L Ϛ, three heads of barley between two leaves
References: RPC I 4981, Hendin 6274
Dark bronze patina highlighted with earthen deposits. A decent specimen for the type.CPK
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Herod Agrippa I, (Herodian Tetrarch), Prutah, 37-44 CEBronze Prutah of Agrippa I, minted 41-42 CE, 17mm, 3 grams.
Obverse: Umbrella type canopy with fringes and partial Greek inscription AΓPIÎ A BACIΛEWC (“[coin] Of Agrippa the King”).
Reverse: Three ears of barley between two leaves and date marks L Ï‚ (stigma) (year 6 = 42 CE)
Reference: Hendin 553
Added to collection: April 1, 2005Daniel F
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Herod Agrippa I, 37 - 44 A.D. 37024. Bronze prutah (2), Hendin 553Herod Agrippa I, 37 - 44 A.D. Bronze prutah, Hendin 553, aF, Jerusalem mint, 3.462g, 17.3mm, 0o, 41-42 A.D.; obverse A“ΓΡΙΠ”A BACI“Λ”EWC (King Agrippa), umbrella canopy with fringes; reverse , three heads of barley growing between two leaves flanked by date L - stigma (year 6). Ex FORVMPodiceps
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Herod Agrippa I, 37 - 44 A.D. 37024. Bronze prutah, Hendin 553Herod Agrippa I, 37 - 44 A.D. Bronze prutah, Hendin 553, Fair, Jerusalem mint, 3.444g, 17.2mm, 0o, 41-42 A.D.; obverse A“ΓΡΙΠ”A BACI“Λ”EWC (King Agrippa), umbrella canopy with fringes; reverse , three heads of barley growing between two leaves flanked by date L - stigma (year 6). Ex FORVMPodiceps
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Herod Agrippa I, 37-44 A.D.Bronze Prutah, 17.5mm, Jerusalem mint
Obverse: Three heads of barley between two leaves
Reverse: Inscription (King Agrippa) umbrella canopy with fringes. Dk0311USMC
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Herod Agrippa II, (Herodian Tetrarch), Domitian, Æ, 55-95 CEBronze hemiassarion of Agrippa II, 55-95 CE, struck with portrait of Domitian year 25 = 84/5, 15.9 mm, 2.69 grams.
Obverse: Laureate bust Domitian to right.
Reverse: Palm tree.
One of the SCARCE dates in this series.
Reference: Hendin 607, AJC 28-29, RPC 2267-2268, TJC 156, SNG 6 - 63.
Added to collection: January 16, 2006Daniel F
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Herod Agrippa II, (Herodian Tetrarch), Vespasian, Æ, 55-95 CEBronze of Agrippa II struck with portrait of Vespasian, dated HI = Year 18 = 79 CE, 28mm.
Obverse: AYTOKPA OYECIIACI KAICAPI CEBACTΩ (For the Emperor Vespasian Caesar Augustus), laureate bust of Vespasian right
Reverse: ETOY HIBA/AΓPI ΠΠA. Turreted Tyche standing left on platform holding full cornucopiae and ears of corn; inscription and date across fields.
Reference: Hendin 595, Meshorer 142, RPC II 2254.
Added to collection: January 18, 2006Daniel F
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Herod Agrippa II, 55 - 95 A.D. Bronze quarter unit, Hendin 63Judaean Kingdom, Herod Agrippa II, 55 - 95 A.D. Bronze quarter unit, Hendin 634; AJC II 258, 56; RPC II 2299, F, nice green patina, Caesarea Maritima? mint, 3.539g, 13.8mm, 180o, 94 - 95 A.D.; obverse AVTO DOM, Domitian's laureate head right; reverse , “ΒΑ ΑΓΡ ΕΤ ΕΛ” (=year 35 King Agrippa) within wreath; scarce. Ex FORVMPodiceps
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Herod Agrippa, bronze prutah, canopy / barleyHerod Agrippa, 37-44 AD. Size/Weight: 17mm, 2.35g. Obverse: BASILEWS AGRIPPA; umbrella-like canopy with fringes. Reverse: Three ears of barley growing between two leaves, flanked by date (year off-flan). Ex areich, photo credit areich
Podiceps
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HEROD ANTIPAS (Tetrarch of Galilee)Herod Antipas; born before 20 BC – died after 39 AD
coin struck 20 - 21 AD
AE quarter denomination, 4.013g, maximum diameter 14.7mm
obverse TIBE/PIAC (Tiberias), within wreath;
reverse HPW∆OY TETPAPXOY (of Herod the tetrarch), reed standing vertical, L - K∆ (year 24) in fields;
Hendin 1201, Meshorer TJC 77, RPC I 4920; BMC Palestine p. 230, 9
Tiberius Mint
(ex Forum from ex Athena Numismatics)laney
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Herod Antipas - 1/4 denomination (year 24 = 20 AD)Hendin-511 / 1201
4.58 gramscmcdon0923
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Herod Antipas - 1/2 denomination (year 33 = 29-30 AD)Hendin-513 / 1204 / 6235
6.34 grams
(photo courtesy of CNG)cmcdon0923
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Herod Antipas - 1/2 denomination (year 34 = 30AD)Hendin-517 / 1208
6.71 gramscmcdon0923
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Herod Antipas - 1/2 denomination (year 37 = 33/34 AD)Hendin-521 / 1212
5.17 grams
ex. CNGcmcdon0923
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Herod Antipas - 1/2 denomination (year 43 = 39/40 AD)Hendin-525 / 1216
5.94 grams
ex. CNG
cmcdon0923
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Herod Antipas - 1/4 denomination (year 33 = 29 AD)Hendin-514 / 1205
3.68 gramscmcdon0923
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Herod Antipas - 1/4 denomination (year 34 = 30AD)Hendin-518 / 1209
3.76 grams
ex. CNGcmcdon0923
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Herod Antipas - 1/4 denomination (year 37 = 33/34 AD)Hendin-522 / 1213
3.00 grams
ex. CNG
cmcdon0923
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Herod Antipas - 1/8 denomination (year 24 = 20 AD)Hendin-511a / 1202
1.06 grams
ex. CNG
cmcdon0923
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Herod Antipas - full denomination (year 24 = 20 AD)Hendin-509 / 1199
4.96 grams
This coin is somewhat light weight for a full denomination coin (MCP ranges = 6.10 grams to in the 10.5 gram range, with a single listed at 12.56 grams), however there is a piece of metal missing from about K4 - K7 on the lower edge which may account for a good part of the coin's light weight. This specimen is listed on MCP (ANT-03) at the very bottom of the page as "too poor or too tooled to be identified". I do not believe the coin has been tooled. The coin is almost certainly a match to OBV-3 based on the shape of the two leaves immediately above TI, and the leaves to the immediate right of BE. The reverse's attribution is not certain, although the shape of the branches does somewhat match a damaged/partial coin listed as being from REV-3.cmcdon0923
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Herod Antipas - full denomination (year 43 = 39/40 AD)Hendin-524 / 1215
11.65 grams
ex. CNG
cmcdon0923
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