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Denarius, 112/111 B.C. Rome Mint
CN. CORNELIVS CN.F. BLASIO - Gens Cornelia
Obv.:Mars, helmeted, right (or Scipio Africanus), CN. BLASIO CN.F. before (var. N retrograde), bucranium behind. XVI (in monogram) above
Rev.: Juno, Jupiter being crowned by Minerva; letter Î in field, ROMA in ex.
Gs. 3,25 mm. 20,6x18,4
Crawford 296/1c, Sear RCV 173, Grueber 626
Maxentius
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Lucilla denarius, standing Venus, mint state
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Fourree Denarius, Severus Alexander, copying RIC 196
Obv: IMP SEV ALEXANDER AVG
Laureate head right, drapery on left shoulder
Double strike
Rev: FORTVNAE REDVCI
Fortuna standing left, holding rudder on globe and cornucopiae.
18mm, 3.04g
klausklage
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Domitian Ar. denarius, Rome, AD 88, IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P VIII, laureate head r., Rev., COS XIIII LVD SAEC FEC, herald with feather in cap walking left, holding round shield and wand. RIC 596.paul1888
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Severus Alexander, denarius, Severus Alexander Obverse, Virtus obverse.paul1888
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ROME REPUBLIC Cn. Plancius. AR Denarius, 55 BC. Obv. CN. PLANCIVS AED. CVR. S.C. Head of Diana Planciana R / GOAT
Cn. Plancius, Rome, 55 BC. AR Denarius (17mm, 3.84g, 3h). Female head (Diana Planciana?) r., wearing causia. R/ Cretan goat standing r.; bow and quiver to l. Crawford 432/1; RBW 1541; RSC Plancia 1paul1888
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Vespasian, 1 July 69 - 24 June 79 A.D.
SH110254. Silver denarius, RIC II-1 1431; RSC II 276; RPC II 833; BnF III 351; BMCRE II 457, SRCV I 2270, Choice EF, well centered, excellent portrait, light toning, slight double strike, 3.326g, 18.3mm, 180o, Ephesus mint, IMP CAESAR VESPAS AVG COS III TR P P P, laureate head right; reverse PACI AVGVSTAE, Victory advancing right, wreath in extended right hand, palm frond over left shoulder in left hand, EPHE (PHE ligate) lower right; ex Inasta (San Marino) auction 100 (24 Jun 2022), lot 212 Ex: Forum Ancient Coins.
Ephesus peaked during the 1st and 2nd century A.D. when it was second in importance and size only to Rome, with a population estimated at 400,000 to 500,000 in 100 A.D. The city was famous for the Temple of Artemis, the Library of Celsus, and its theater, seating 25,000 spectators. Ephesus also had several large bath complexes and one of the most advanced aqueduct systems in the ancient world. Water powered numerous mills, one of which has been identified as a sawmill for marble. The city and temple were destroyed by the Goths in 263 A.D., marking the decline of the city's splendor.paul1888
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Vitellius AD 69, Denarius, 3.48 grams, 18 mm, Obverse: Vitellius Head right, Reverse: Vesta Enthrones right; RIC (I) - 107, RSC 107, SR(I) - 2200paul1888
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Hadrian, 11 August 117 - 10 July 138 A.D. Silver denarius, RIC II-3 308, RSC II 908, BMCRE III 291, RSC II 908, Hunter II 102, SRCV II 3504, VF, radiating flow lines, iridescent toning, Rome mint, weight 3.031g, maximum diameter 17.0mm, die axis 225o, 119 - 125 A.D.; obverse IMP CAESAR TRAIAN - HADRIANVS AVG, laureate head right; reverse P M TR P COS III, Hadrian seated left on camp stool on platform, togate, extending right hand offering money, citizen before him holding out fold of toga to receive largesse, LIBERAL AVG / III in two lines in exergue; Ex: Forum paul1888
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Julia Mamaea Denarius, struck AD 228 at Rome mint.
OBV: IVLIA MAMAEA AVG, DRAPED BUST RIGHT, WEARING STEPHANE.
REV: FELICITAS PVBLICA, FELICITAS STANDING LEFT, LEFT LEG CROSSED, HOLDING CADUCEUS IN RIGHT HAND AND LEANING LEFT ELBOW ON COLUMN.
3,48 G, 19 MM. RIC 335Antonivs Protti
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Caracalla, 28 January 198 - 8 April 217 A.D. Silver denarius, RIC IV 120 (S); RSC III 3; BMCRE V p. 205, 267; SRCV II 6790; Hunter III -, Choice gVF, well centered, flow lines, edge splits and cracks, Rome mint, weight 3.280g, maximum diameter 18.9mm, die axis 180o, 201 - 202 A.D.; obverse ANTONINVS PIVS AVG, boy's laureate and draped bust right; reverse ADVENT AVGG, war galley left on waves, ram, acrostolium and vexillum at the bow, four oarsmen and a steersman, Septimius Severus, Caracalla and Geta seated in the steersman's cabin, two standards and apluster at the stern
Ex: Forum Ancient Coinspaul1888
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Septimius Severus Denarius, RIC 411a, Emesa
Septimius Severus Denarius. Emesa mint, 194-195 CE.
Obverse: IMP CAE L SEP SEV PERT AVG COS II, laureate head right.
Reverse: MONET AVG, moneta standing left holding scales & cornucopiae.
18.5 mm., 3.2 g., RIC 411a, RSC 330. BMC 380
NORMAN K
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6.75 Revolt of VindexRevolt Against Nero, Gaius Iulius Vindex, Governor of Gallia Lugdunensis, c. Late 67 - May 68 A.D.
Struck by Gaius Iulius Vindex, the Roman governor of Gallia Lugdunensis, who rebelled against Nero's tax policy and declared allegiance to Galba, the governor of Hispania Tarraconensis, as the new emperor. Vindex was defeated and killed in battle near Vesontio (modern Besançon), but the military continued to support Galba. On 9 June 68, deserted by the Praetorian Guard, Nero stabbed himself in the throat.
Silver denarius, Unpublished, civil war restitution of Augustus, gF, porosity, marks, uncertain (Lugdunum?) mint, weight 3.167g, maximum diameter 19.0mm, die axis 180o, c. late 67 - May 68 A.D.; obverse CAESAR, bare head of Augustus right; reverse AVGVSTVS, young bull walking right, head turned facing; ex Roma Numismatics e-auction 6, lot 321; only two examples known to Forum
Purchased from FORVMSosius
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9 Vitellius Denarius, 69 ADVITELLIUS
AR denarius, Rome Mint (3.13g)
January 2 - December 20, 69 A.D.
O: A VITELLIVS GERMAN IMP AVG TR P, laureate head right
R: CONCOR-DIA P R, Concordia seated left holding patera and cornucopia;
RIC I 73 scarce, Cohen 20
I am unsure of authenticity. The only way to determine once and for all will be to clean this one...
RI0072
Sosius
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9 Vitellius Denarius, 69 ADVITELLIUS
AR Denarius, 69 AD.
[A VITELLIVS] GERM IMP AVG TR P, Bust right / Anepigraphic. Victory seated left, holding patera and palm
RIC 110, BMCRE 043. aVF
RI0070Sosius
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Geta, silver Denarius.198 - 209 CE as Caesar. Laodiciea ad Mare, Syria. Geta Denarius. Laodicea mint, 199 CE
Obverse; P SEPTIMIVS GETA CAES, draped bust right
Reverse; MINERV SANCT, Minerva standing left leaning on a shield & holding reversed spear.
19.1mm, 3.1 g
RSC 83. Geta Denarius, RIC 105a, RSC 83, BMC 750NORMAN K
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10 Vespasian Denarius, 69-70 Judea CaptaVespasian. A.D. 69-79. AR denarius (17.1 mm, 2.86 g, 6 h). Rome, A.D. 69-70. Ex-Hebrew College Museum. IMP CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVG, laureate head right / IVDAEA, captive Jewess seated right, hands tied before, trophy of captured arms behind. RIC 2; BMCRE 35; RSC 226. Fine, toned.
Ex-Hebrew College Museum.
Ex Agora Auctions #1 - Nov 2013Sosius
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10 Vespasian Denarius, 70 ADVESPASIAN
AR Denarius, 70 A.D.
O: IMP CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVG, laureate head. r.
R: COS ITER T R POT, Pax seated left, holding branch and caduceus.
Sear 2285, RIC 29, RSC 94h
RI0058Sosius
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10 Vespasian Denarius, 73 ADVESPASIAN
AR Denarius. 73 AD
O: IMP CAES VESP AVG CENS, laureate head right
R: PONTIF MAXIM, Vespasian seated right, holding scepter & branch.
RSC 387, BMC 98, Sear 2305; Fine
Ex-Littleton Coin Co.
RI0065Sosius
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13 Nerva DenariusNERVA
AR Denarius, Jan - Sept, 97AD
17.5mm, 3.2g
IMP NERVA CAES AVG PM TR P COS III P P, laureate head right / FORTVNA AVGVST, Fortuna standing left, holding rudder and cornucopia.
RIC 16, Sear 3025, RSC 66
RI0110Sosius
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14 TrajanTrajan
Silver denarius, Rome mint
weight 3.150g, maximum diameter 19.3mm, die axis 180o
112 - 114 A.D.
IMP TRAIANO AVG GER DAC P M TR P COS VI P P, laureate and draped bust right / S P Q R OPTIMO PRINCIPI, Felicitas standing left, caduceus in right, cornucopia in left; uneven toning
RIC II 271, RSC II 404, BMCRE III 424, Fine
Purchased from FORVM
RI0115Sosius
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14 Trajan DenariusTRAJAN
AR Denarius, 3.1g
IMP CAES NER TRAIANO OPTIMO AVG GERM DAC, laureate draped bust right / P M TR P COS VI P P SPQR, Fortuna seated left with rudder & cornucopiae, FORT RED in ex.
RIC 318; Sear'88 #984; RSC 154; Fine+
Ex-Ancient Coin Society “3 Caesars” folder coin
RI0116Sosius
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15 Hadrian DenariusHADRIAN
AR Denarius, 3.4g
HADRIANVS AVG COS III P P, bare head right / SALVS AVG, Salus standing right, feeding snake from patera, altar before.
RIC 267; RSC 1336; sear5 3540 (var – no drapery on far shoulder)
Ex-Ancient Coin Society “3 Caesars” folder coin
Choice Fine
RI0092Sosius
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15 Hadrian Denarius - Travel SeriesHADRIAN
AR Denarius,134-138 A.D.
HADRIANVS AVG COS III P P, bare head left / HISPANIA, Hispania reclining on rock left, holding olive branch.
RSC 842a, RIC 305, Sear5 #3396 (variant – bust left)
RI0094Sosius
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17 Antoninus Pius RIC 204ANTONINUS PIUS
Denarius, Rome 138-161 AD
M ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P TR P XXIII, laur. head right / COS IIII, Annona standing left, stalks of grain in right, left placed on modius on ship
RIC 204 BMC 765 RSC 288
Ex Artifact Man Ancient Coins
RI0077Sosius
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17 Antoninus PiusANTONINUS PIUS
AR Denarius, 3.6g
ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P TR P XIIII, laureate bearded head right / COS IIII, Fortuna standing left with rudder & cornucopia
RIC 194, RSC 265.
RI0076Sosius
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195 - 211, SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS, AR Denarius, Struck 210 at Rome, alluding to BritanniaObverse: SEVERVS PIVS AVG BRIT. Laureate head of Septimius Severus facing right.
Reverse: VICTORIAE BRIT. Victory standing right, holding palm branch in her right hand and placing uninscribed shield on palm tree with her left.
Diameter: 20mm | Weight: 2.83gms | Die Axis: 7h
RIC IV: 336 | RSC: 730 | SRCV: 6384 | SPINK: 651A
SCARCE
This coin commemorates the success of the Roman campaigns in Scotland during 209 and 210 culminating in the death of Severus at York, England, in February 211.
SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS
Lucius Septimius Severus was Roman emperor from 193 to 211. He was born in Leptis Magna in the Roman province of Africa.
Severus seized power after the death of the emperor Pertinax in 193 (the Year of the Five Emperors).
After consolidating his rule over the western provinces, Severus waged a brief, successful war in the east against the Parthian Empire, sacked their capital Ctesiphon, expanded the eastern frontier to the Tigris and enlarged and fortified the Limes Arabicus in Arabia Petraea. In 202, he campaigned in Africa and Mauretania against the Garamantes, captured their capital Garama and expanded the Limes Tripolitanus along the southern desert frontier of the empire. In 198 he raised his elder son Caracalla to Augustus and in 209 did the same to his younger son, Geta.
In AD 209 Severus invaded Caledonia (modern Scotland) with an army of 50,000 men, but he fell fatally ill of an infectious disease in late 210 and died at Eboracum (York, England) early in 211.
SEVERUS' CAMPAIGNS IN BRITAIN
In 208 Septimius Severus travelled to Britain with the intention of conquering Caledonia (Scotland). Modern archaeological discoveries have helped to throw some light on the scope and direction of this northern campaign.
Severus began by occupying the territory up to the Antonine Wall, this is evidenced by extensive Severan era fortifications and the likely reoccupation of some of the forts on that wall. Over the previous years Hadrian's Wall had fallen into disrepair and Severus strengthened and repaired much of it, he did this to such an extent that many early Antiquarians thought that he was the emperor who had actually built it. Severus constructed a 165-acre (67 ha) camp south of the Antonine Wall at Trimontium, probably assembling the main body of his forces there. Severus then thrust north across the Antonine Wall into Caledonian territory, supported and supplied by a strong naval force. He retraced the steps of Agricola of over a century before, rebuilding many abandoned Roman forts along the east coast, and he re-garrisoned the naval base at Carpow, likely built by Commodus in 185, and possibly the place named as "Horrea Classis" or "Poreo Classis" in the Ravenna Cosmography.
By 210 Severus' campaigning had made significant gains, despite Caledonian guerrilla tactics and purportedly heavy Roman casualties.
According to Cassius Dio: “Severus did not desist until he approached the extremity of the island. Here he observed most accurately the variation of the sun's motion and the length of the days and the nights in summer and winter respectively. Having thus been conveyed through practically the whole of the hostile country (for he actually was conveyed in a covered litter most of the way, on account of his infirmity), he returned to the friendly portion, after he had forced the Britons to come to terms, on the condition that they should abandon a large part of their territory.”
The Caledonians had sued for peace, which Severus had granted on the condition that they relinquished control of the Central Lowlands of Scotland, but later that year (210), they, along with the Maeatae, revolted. Severus prepared for another campaign, now intent on exterminating the Caledonians. However the campaign was cut short when Severus fell ill and withdrew south to Eboracum (York) where he died on 4 February 211. Severus was succeeded by his sons, Caracalla and Geta. Caracalla continued campaigning in Caledonia during 212 but soon settled for peace, and shortly after that the frontier was withdrawn south to Hadrian's Wall.
On his death, Severus was deified by the Senate and his remains were buried in the Mausoleum of Hadrian in Rome.
CLICK ON IMAGES BELOW TO ENLARGE THEM
 
*Alex
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195 - 211, SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS, AR Denarius, Struck 210 at Rome, alluding to BritanniaObverse: SEVERVS PIVS AVG BRIT. Laureate head of Septimius Severus facing right.
Reverse: VICTORIAE BRIT. Victory seated on shield facing left, holding another shield resting on her knee in her right hand and palm branch in her left.
Diameter: 19mm | Weight: 2.35gms | Die Axis: 12h
RIC IV: 335 | RSC: 731 | SRCV: 6385 | SPINK: 651C
SCARCE
This coin commemorates the success of the Roman campaigns in Scotland during 209 and 210 culminating in the death of Severus at York, England, in February 211.
SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS
Lucius Septimius Severus was Roman emperor from 193 to 211. He was born in Leptis Magna in the Roman province of Africa.
Severus seized power after the death of the emperor Pertinax in 193 (the Year of the Five Emperors).
After consolidating his rule over the western provinces, Severus waged a brief, successful war in the east against the Parthian Empire, sacked their capital Ctesiphon, expanded the eastern frontier to the Tigris and enlarged and fortified the Limes Arabicus in Arabia Petraea. In 202, he campaigned in Africa and Mauretania against the Garamantes, captured their capital Garama and expanded the Limes Tripolitanus along the southern desert frontier of the empire. In 198 he raised his elder son Caracalla to Augustus and in 209 did the same to his younger son, Geta.
In AD 209 Severus invaded Caledonia (modern Scotland) with an army of 50,000 men, but he fell fatally ill of an infectious disease in late 210 and died at Eboracum (York, England) early in 211.
SEVERUS' CAMPAIGNS IN BRITAIN
In 208 Septimius Severus travelled to Britain with the intention of conquering Caledonia (Scotland). Modern archaeological discoveries have helped to throw some light on the scope and direction of this northern campaign.
Severus began by occupying the territory up to the Antonine Wall, this is evidenced by extensive Severan era fortifications and the likely reoccupation of some of the forts on that wall. Over the previous years Hadrian's Wall had fallen into disrepair and Severus strengthened and repaired much of it, he did this to such an extent that many early Antiquarians thought that he was the emperor who had actually built it. Severus constructed a 165-acre (67 ha) camp south of the Antonine Wall at Trimontium, probably assembling the main body of his forces there. Severus then thrust north across the Antonine Wall into Caledonian territory, supported and supplied by a strong naval force. He retraced the steps of Agricola of over a century before, rebuilding many abandoned Roman forts along the east coast, and he re-garrisoned the naval base at Carpow, likely built by Commodus in 185, and possibly the place named as "Horrea Classis" or "Poreo Classis" in the Ravenna Cosmography.
By 210 Severus' campaigning had made significant gains, despite Caledonian guerrilla tactics and purportedly heavy Roman casualties.
According to Cassius Dio: “Severus did not desist until he approached the extremity of the island. Here he observed most accurately the variation of the sun's motion and the length of the days and the nights in summer and winter respectively. Having thus been conveyed through practically the whole of the hostile country (for he actually was conveyed in a covered litter most of the way, on account of his infirmity), he returned to the friendly portion, after he had forced the Britons to come to terms, on the condition that they should abandon a large part of their territory.”
The Caledonians had sued for peace, which Severus had granted on the condition that they relinquished control of the Central Lowlands of Scotland, but later that year (210), they, along with the Maeatae, revolted. Severus prepared for another campaign, now intent on exterminating the Caledonians. However the campaign was cut short when Severus fell ill and withdrew south to Eboracum (York) where he died on 4 February 211. Severus was succeeded by his sons, Caracalla and Geta. Caracalla continued campaigning in Caledonia during 212 but soon settled for peace, and shortly after that the frontier was withdrawn south to Hadrian's Wall.
On his death, Severus was deified by the Senate and his remains were buried in the Mausoleum of Hadrian in Rome.
CLICK ON IMAGES BELOW TO ENLARGE THEM
*Alex
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195 - 211, SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS, AR Denarius, Struck 210 at Rome, alluding to BritanniaObverse: SEVERVS PIVS AVG BRIT. Laureate head of Septimius Severus facing right.
Reverse: VICTORIAE BRIT. Victory advancing right, holding wreath in her outstretched right hand and palm branch in her left.
Diameter: 19mm | Weight: 3.5gms | Die Axis: 6h
RIC IV: 332 | RSC: 727 | SRCV: 6382 | SPINK: 650
SCARCE
This coin commemorates the success of the Roman campaigns in Scotland during 209 and 210 culminating in the death of Severus at York, England, in February 211.
SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS
Lucius Septimius Severus was Roman emperor from 193 to 211. He was born in Leptis Magna in the Roman province of Africa.
Severus seized power after the death of the emperor Pertinax in 193 (the Year of the Five Emperors).
After consolidating his rule over the western provinces, Severus waged a brief, successful war in the east against the Parthian Empire, sacked their capital Ctesiphon, expanded the eastern frontier to the Tigris and enlarged and fortified the Limes Arabicus in Arabia Petraea. In 202, he campaigned in Africa and Mauretania against the Garamantes, captured their capital Garama and expanded the Limes Tripolitanus along the southern desert frontier of the empire. In 198 he raised his elder son Caracalla to Augustus and in 209 did the same to his younger son, Geta.
In AD 209 Severus invaded Caledonia (modern Scotland) with an army of 50,000 men, but he fell fatally ill of an infectious disease in late 210 and died at Eboracum (York, England) early in 211.
SEVERUS' CAMPAIGNS IN BRITAIN
In 208 Septimius Severus travelled to Britain with the intention of conquering Caledonia (Scotland). Modern archaeological discoveries have helped to throw some light on the scope and direction of this northern campaign.
Severus began by occupying the territory up to the Antonine Wall, this is evidenced by extensive Severan era fortifications and the likely reoccupation of some of the forts on that wall. Over the previous years Hadrian's Wall had fallen into disrepair and Severus strengthened and repaired much of it, he did this to such an extent that many early Antiquarians thought that he was the emperor who had actually built it. Severus constructed a 165-acre (67 ha) camp south of the Antonine Wall at Trimontium, probably assembling the main body of his forces there. Severus then thrust north across the Antonine Wall into Caledonian territory, supported and supplied by a strong naval force. He retraced the steps of Agricola of over a century before, rebuilding many abandoned Roman forts along the east coast, and he re-garrisoned the naval base at Carpow, likely built by Commodus in 185, and possibly the place named as "Horrea Classis" or "Poreo Classis" in the Ravenna Cosmography.
By 210 Severus' campaigning had made significant gains, despite Caledonian guerrilla tactics and purportedly heavy Roman casualties.
According to Cassius Dio: “Severus did not desist until he approached the extremity of the island. Here he observed most accurately the variation of the sun's motion and the length of the days and the nights in summer and winter respectively. Having thus been conveyed through practically the whole of the hostile country (for he actually was conveyed in a covered litter most of the way, on account of his infirmity), he returned to the friendly portion, after he had forced the Britons to come to terms, on the condition that they should abandon a large part of their territory.”
The Caledonians had sued for peace, which Severus had granted on the condition that they relinquished control of the Central Lowlands of Scotland, but later that year (210), they, along with the Maeatae, revolted. Severus prepared for another campaign, now intent on exterminating the Caledonians. However the campaign was cut short when Severus fell ill and withdrew south to Eboracum (York) where he died on 4 February 211. Severus was succeeded by his sons, Caracalla and Geta. Caracalla continued campaigning in Caledonia during 212 but soon settled for peace, and shortly after that the frontier was withdrawn south to Hadrian's Wall.
On his death, Severus was deified by the Senate and his remains were buried in the Mausoleum of Hadrian in Rome.
CLICK ON IMAGES BELOW TO ENLARGE THEM
*Alex
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198 - 217, CARACALLA, AR Denarius, Struck 210 – 213 at Rome, alluding to BritanniaObverse: ANTONINVS PIVS AVG BRIT, Laureate head of Caracalla facing right.
Reverse: VICTORIAE BRIT. Victory advancing right, carrying trophy in both hands.
Diameter: 18.85mm | Weight: 2.76gms | Die Axis: 12h
RIC IV: 231A | RSC: 629 | SRCV: 6900 | SPINK: 658A
SCARCE
This coin commemorates the victories achieved by the Romans in Scotland during the campaigns led jointly by Septimius Severus and his eldest son Caracalla in 209, and by Caracalla alone the following year during his father's illness.
CLICK ON IMAGE BELOW TO ENLARGE IT
 *Alex
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209 - 212, GETA, AR Denarius, Struck 210 at Rome, alluding to BritanniaObverse: P SEPT GETA PIVS AVG BRIT. Laureate head of Geta facing right.
Reverse: VICTORIAE BRIT. Victory, half naked, standing facing left, holding wreath in her right hand and palm in her left.
Diameter: 20mm | Weight: 2.79gms | Die Axis: 6h
RIC IV: 92 | RSC: 219 | SRCV: 7254 | BMC: 68 | Spink: 662
SCARCE
This coin commemorates the Roman victories achieved in Scotland in 209 and 210 by Septimius Severus and Caracalla, Geta's father and brother, while Geta and his mother, Julia Domna, remained behind in London.
CLICK ON IMAGE BELOW TO ENLARGE IT
 *Alex
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21 Pertinax DenariusPERTINAX
AR denarius, Rome
January 1–March 28, 193 AD
O: IMP CAES P HELV PERTIN AVG, laureate head of Pertinax right
R: PROVID DEOR COS II, Providentia standing l., raising r. hand toward star.
BMCRE 13. RIC 11(a). RSC 43. Very fine
Ex Numismatica Ars Classica
RI0132Sosius
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23.5 Septimius Severus - overstrike of Pescennius Niger DenariusSilver denarius, RIC IV 377 or similar, F, overstruck, 2.118g, 19.3mm, 180o, Emesa mint, 194 - 195 A.D.; obverse IMP CAE L SEP SEV PERT AVG COS II (or similar), laureate head right; reverse FORTVN REDVC (or similar), Fortuna standing left, cornucopia in left, rudder (?) in right
Purchased from FORVM
RI0129Sosius
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24 Septimius SeverusSEPTIMIUS SEVERUS
AR Denarius, Rome mint. Struck 209 AD, 3.1g
SEVERVS PIVS AVG, laureate head right / P M TR P XVII COS III P P, Neptune standing l., r. foot on rock, r. elbow on knee, holding trident in l. hand. RIC IV 228; BMCRE 3; RSC 529.
Ex-Ancient Coin Society “3 Caesars” folder coin VFSosius
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25 CaracallaCARACALLA
AR Denarius, 210-213 AD.
ANTONINVS PIVS AVG BRIT, laureate head right / MARTI PACATORI, Mars standing front, head left, holding olive-branch, reversed spear & shield
Sear 6818, RIC 222, RSC 149, BMC 81 VFSosius
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26 GetaGETA
AR Denarius, 209-211 AD
P SEPTIMIVS GETA CAES, bare-headed, draped bust right / LIBERALITAS AVG VI, Liberalitas standing left, holding abacus & cornucopia.
RSC 69, RIC 44 EF
Ex Frasciatus Sosius
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29 Elagabalus ELAGABALUS
Denarius, 2.8 g, 219 AD
IMP CAES ANTONINVS AVG, Laureate, draped bust r. / FIDES EXERCITVS, Fides seated left, holding eagle in r. hand and standard in l. hand, 2nd standard before
RIC 68, RSC 30a aEF
Ex-Artifact Man (vCoins)Sosius
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29 Elagabalus, 16 May 218 - 11 March 222 A.D.Silver denarius, BMCRE V 234, RIC IV 161, RSC III 300a, EF, 2.693g, 19.8mm, 180o, Rome mint, 220 - 222 A.D.; obverse IMP ANTONINVS PIVS AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right, from behind; reverse VICTORIA AVG, Victory flying left holding diadem in both hands, at each side a small shield, star right
Purchased from FORVMSosius
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29.4 Julia SoaemiasJulia Soaemias
Mother of Elagabalus
AR Denarius, 3.05g, AD 220
IVLIA SOAEMIAS AVG, draped bust right / VENVS CAELESTIS, Venus standing left, holding apple and sceptre, star in field
RIC 241; C 8; RCV 7719
Ex Ancient TreasuresSosius
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29.4 Julia SoaemiasROMAN IMPERIAL
Julia Soaemias
Mother of Elagabalus
AR Denarius, 3.05g, AD 220
IVLIA SOAEMIAS AVG, draped bust right / VENVS CAELESTIS, Venus standing left, holding apple and sceptre, star in field
RIC 241; C 8; RCV 7719Sosius
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29.4 Julia SoaemiasJULIA SOAEMIAS,
AR denarius, Rome (2.8g)
IVLIA SOAEMIAS AVG, draped bust right / VENVS CAELESTIS, Venus diademed seated left on throne, apple in right, scepter in left, child at her feet
SRCV II 7720, RIC IV 243, RSC III 14 EF
Ex Blanchard & Co. - Control # 72454Sosius
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Antoninus Pius 131-168 CESilver denarius, RSC II 155, RIC III 430, VF, Rome mint, 2.8 g, 18.4mm, 161 CE Obverse: DIVVS ANTONININVS, Bare head right.
Reverse: CONSECRATIO, eagle standing right on altar head turned.
NORMAN K
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Antoninus Pius 138 – 161 CESilver denarius, RIC III 276, RSC II 1037, Rome mint, 2.4g, 16.8mm, 157-158 CE.
Obverse: ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P IMP II, laureate head right.
Reverse: TR POT XXI COS IIII, Aequitas standing left holding balance and cornucopia.
Rome MintNORMAN K
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![76893q00[1].jpg](albums/userpics/32314/thumb_76893q00%5B1%5D.jpg "Filename=76893q00[1].jpg
Filesize=112KiB
Dimensions=801x375
Date added=Jan 28, 2016")
Domitian, 13 September 81 - 18 September 96 A.D., Silver denarius, RIC II, part 1, 669 (C3); BMCRE II 153; BnF III 147; RSC II 251Silver denarius
Obverse: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P VIII, laureate head right.
Reverse: IMP XIX COS XIIII CENS P P P, Minerva standing left, helmeted and draped, thunderbolt in right hand, spear vertical behind in left hand, grounded shield at feet behind.
2.85 g., 18.7 mm, Rome mint
sold 4-2018NORMAN K
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IMPERATOR II (Winged caduceus between crossed cornucopiae)Denarius, Rome AD 140-144, 15 mm
Obverse: Laureate head right, ANTONINVS AVG.PIVS P.P.TR.P.COS.III, Reverse: Winged caduceus between crossed cornucopiae, IMPERATOR II,
References: RSC 451; RIC 112Podiceps
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L. Mussidius LongusMoneyer issues of Imperatorial Rome L. Mussidius Longus, 42 BCE AR denarius, Rome mint.Ancient Aussie
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Plautilla, Denarius, Rome 204 C.E. Wife of CaracallaPlautilla ar denarius, Rome RIC IV 369. Struck 204 C.E.
Obverse - PLAVTILLA AVGVSTA. Draped bust right.
Reverse - VENVS VICTRIX. Venus standing left, breast exposed, holding apple and palm and resting left elbow on shield. Cupid standing left at her feet.
19.5 mm diam., 3.0 g. Scarce
sold 2-2018NORMAN K
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Septimius Severus Denarius, RIC 46, RSC 311, BMC 84 Septimius Service Denarius. Struck 194-195 C.E.
Obverse - L SEPT SEV PERT AVG IMP IIII. Laureate head right.
Reverse - MARS PATER. Mars walking right, holding spear in right hand, Trophy over left shoulder.
17.5 mm., 3.3 g.
sold 3-2018NORMAN K
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Severus Alexander. RIC 168, RomeSilver Denarius, Interesting Partial coin (15 mm., .9 g), CE. 222-235., CE. 226.
Obverse: IMP C M AVR SEV ALEXAND AVG, laureate and draped bust of Severus Alexander right.
Reverse PAX AVG, Pax advancing left, holding olive branch and scepter. RIC 168; BMC 363-367; RSC 187. NORMAN K
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'Alea iacta est' - Crossing the Rubicon (49 BC)Julius Caesar AR Denarius, military mint traveling with Caesar, April-August 49 BC.
Obv: Elephant advancing r., trampling on horned serpent; CAESAR in exergue
Rev: Emblems of the pontificate: simpulum, aspergillum, securis, and apex
This coin was issued after Julius Caesar crossed the Rubicon river and march into Rome, which formally began the Civil war of the Roman Republic.YuenTsin C
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"C" Denarius, Crawford 107/1a - My favorite CoinDenomination: Denarius
Era: c. 209-208 BC
Metal: AR
Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma r. with splayed visor; “X” behind; Border of dots
Reverse: Dioscuri r.; Above, “C”; in linear frame, “ROMA”.
Mint: Etruia(?)
Weight: 4.44 gm.
Reference: Crawford 107/1a
Provenance: NAC 61; 25-OCT-2011, Privately purchased by RBW from CNG in 1989
Comments: This is one of my favorite coins. It is not high grade, neither the obverse nor the reverse is well centered. The dioscuri are really just blobs, and this coin would be overlooked in any sale but the NAC 61 sale of RBW’s finest and rarest coins, perhaps the greatest Roman Republican auction of our generation. Nevertheless, the coin has a lovely tone and a style that is very characteristic of this issue which is quite rare.
Unique to this variety and the related staff issue, are the braided locks extending from the helmet to the hair binding. The stars are simple dots above the dioscuri, and ROMA is cut into the die with very large letters with a very fine line tool. There has been much speculation on the significance of the “C” insignia, but few with any real merit.
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"C" denarius, RRC 107/1b (var)Denomination: Denarius
Era: C. 209-208 BC
Metal: AR
Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma R,; X behind. Border of dots
Reverse: Dioscuri on horseback right, each holding spear, star above each head; "C" above; ROMA in 3-line frame.
Mint: Uncertain (Etruria?)
Weight: 4.36 g
Reference: RRC 107/1b (var)*
Provenance: NAC 125, Lot 372
Ex De Nicola Fixed price list June 1967, 229.
*This variety is not seen in the RRC plates, but it is depicted and differentiated in Grueber. (See Grueber II p. 188, #186, Plate LXXXIV 8.). Style only seen on 107 ("C"), not on 106 (staff). Crawford doesn't speculate on the meaning of the "C", or whether it is a mintmark or a moneyer's symbol. Sydenham notes that the bronze coins with C are sometimes overstruck on Sardinian coins, suggesting a mint in Sardinia. Grueber speculates that the C is a minmark for Canusium.
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"C", larger head, Denarius, Crawford 107/1bDenomination: Denarius
Era: c. 209-208 BC
Metal: AR
Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma r. with splayed visor; “X” behind; Border of dots
Reverse: Dioscuri r.; above, “C” symbol; in linear frame, “ROMA”.
Mint: Etruria(?)
Weight: 4.32 gm.
Reference: Crawford 107/1b
Provenance: Naville auction, 7-MAY-2017
Comments:
This type with a “C” symbol is of the same fundamental style as the staff symbol 106/3c. presumably both issues from the same mint. The type is somewhat scarce, but the most common of the three other “C” sub-varieties.
Near complete on a large flan, GVF.
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"D" Denarius, RRC 171/1Denomination: Denarius
Era: C. 199-170 BC
Metal: AR
Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma R,; X behind. Border of dots
Reverse: Dioscuri on horseback right, each holding spear, star above each head; "D" below; ROMA in 2 line frame.
Mint: Uncertain
Weight: 4.75 g
Reference: RRC 171/1
Provenance: Soler y Llach, Auction May 6, 2021, lot 260
Quite scarce in higher grades. Exceptional style for the issue. Lovely light toning possibly the finest known and EF.
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"Sow" series denarius, RRC 121/2Denomination: Denarius
Era: C. 209-195 BC
Metal: AR
Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma R,; X behind. Border of dots
Reverse: Dioscuri on horseback right, each holding spear, star above each head; "Sow" below; ROMA in 3line frame.
Mint: Rome (?)
Weight: 3.36 g
Reference: RRC 121/2
Provenance: NAC 125, Lot 376, June 24, 2021
Ex Sternberg XXI, 1988, 241 and NAC 73, 2013, Student and his Mentor part II, 38 sales.
Very rare. Reverse slightly off-centre, otherwise good extremely fine with lovely reflective surfaces.
Trace of undertype on both obverse and reverse. Note the 2nd border on the lower edge (beaded), and the raised area in front of Roma's obverse face (extended tail of early denarius?), also some hint of undertype below truncation.
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(0194) JULIA DOMNA(wife of Septimius Severus)
194-217 AD
Fouree denarius, 19.5 mm, 3.74 g
O:IVLIA PIA FELIX AVG, draped bust right, hair in chignon in back
R: FEL—IC—ITAS, veiled Felicitas standing half-left, holding caduceus and long scepter
(Mule--obverse of RIC 375, RSC 49; with reverse of RIC 551, RSC 47)laney
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(0235) MAXIMINUS I THRAX235 - 238 AD
Struck 236 AD--2nd emission
Silver denarius, 20.0 mm; 2.909 g
O: IMP MAXIMINVS PIVS AVG, laureate and draped bust right (no cuirass?), from behind;
R: PAX AVGVSTI (to the peace of the emperor), Pax standing facing, head left, raising olive branch in right hand, transverse scepter in left
Rome mint; RSC III 31b (no cuirass), RIC IV 12 var. (cuirassed), BMCRE VI 70 var. (same), Hunter III 8 var. (same), SRCV III 8310 var. (same)
(ex FORUM)laney
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(0268) CLAUDIUS II GOTHICUS268 - 270 AD
AE Double denarius, 19 mm, 3.26 g
O: IMP C CLAVDIVS AVG, radiate cuirassed bust right.
R: PROVIDENT [AVG], Providentia standing left, leaning on column, holding sceptre and cornucopiae, globe at feetlaney
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(0268) CLAUDIUS II GOTHICUS(0268) CLAUDIUS II GOTHICUS
268 - 270 AD
AE Double denarius, 18 x 20.5 mm, 3.59 g
O: IMP C CLAVDIVS AVG, radiate cuirassed bust right.
R: PROVIDENT AVG, Providentia standing left, leaning on column, holding sceptre and cornucopiae, globe at feetlaney
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(501i) Roman Republic, D. Junius L.f. Silanus, 91 B.C.Silver denarius, Syd 646a, RSC Junia 16, S 225 var, Cr 337/3 var, VF, 3.718g, 18.6mm, 0o, Rome mint, 91 B.C.; obverse head of Roma right in winged helmet, X (control letter) behind; reverse Victory in a biga right holding reins in both hands, V (control numeral) above, D•SILANVS / ROMA in ex; mint luster in recesses. Ex FORVM.
Although the coin itself does not commemorate the event, the date this coin was struck is historically significant.
MARCUS Livius DRUSUS (his father was the colleague of Gaius Gracchus in the tribuneship, 122 B.C.), became tribune of the people in 91 B.C. He was a thoroughgoing conservative, wealthy and generous, and a man of high integrity. With some of the more intelligent members of his party (such as Marcus Scaurus and L. Licinius Crassus the orator) he recognized the need of reform. At that time an agitation was going on for the transfer of the judicial functions from the equites to the senate; Drusus proposed as a compromise a measure which restored to the senate the office of judices, while its numbers were doubled by the admission of 300 equites. Further, a special commission was to be appointed to try and sentence all judices guilty of taking bribes.
The senate was hesitant; and the equites, whose occupation was threatened, offered the most violent opposition. In order, therefore, to catch the popular votes, Drusus proposed the establishment of colonies in Italy and Sicily, and an increased distribution of corn at a reduced rate. By help of these riders the bill was carried.
Drusus now sought a closer alliance with the Italians, promising them the long coveted boon of the Roman franchise. The senate broke out into open opposition. His laws were abrogated as informal, and each party armed its adherents for the civil struggle which was now inevitable. Drusus was stabbed one evening as he was returning home. His assassin was never discovered (http://62.1911encyclopedia.org/D/DR/DRUSUS_MARCUS_LIVIUS.htm).
The ensuing "Social War" (91-88 B.C.) would set the stage for the "Civil Wars" (88-87 & 82-81 B.C.) featuring, notably, Marius & Sulla; two men who would make significant impressions on the mind of a young Julius Caesar. Caesar would cross the Rubicon not thirty years later.
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.Cleisthenes
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(502a) Roman Republic, L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi, 90 B.C.Silver denarius, S 235, Calpurnia 11, Crawford 340/1, Syd 663a, VF, rainbow toning, Rome mint, 3.772g, 18.5mm, 180o, 90 B.C. obverse: laureate head of Apollo right, scorpion behind; Reverse naked horseman galloping right holding palm, L PISO FRVGI and control number CXI below; ex-CNA XV 6/5/91, #443. Ex FORVM.
A portion of the following text is a passage taken from the excellent article “The Calpurnii and Roman Family History: An Analysis of the Piso Frugi Coin in the Joel Handshu Collection at the College of Charleston,” by Chance W. Cook:
In the Roman world, particularly prior to the inception of the principate, moneyers were allotted a high degree of latitude to mint their coins as they saw fit. The tres viri monetales, the three men in charge of minting coins, who served one-year terms, often emblazoned their coins with an incredible variety of images and inscriptions reflecting the grandeur, history, and religion of Rome. Yet also prominent are references to personal or familial accomplishments; in this manner coins were also a means by which the tres viri monetales could honor their forbearers. Most obvious from an analysis of the Piso Frugi denarius is the respect and admiration that Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi, who minted the coin, had for his ancestors. For the images he selected for his dies relate directly to the lofty deeds performed by his Calpurnii forbearers in the century prior to his term as moneyer. The Calpurnii were present at many of the watershed events in the late Republic and had long distinguished themselves in serving the state, becoming an influential and well-respected family whose defense of traditional Roman values cannot be doubted.
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi, who was moneyer in 90 B.C., depicted Apollo on the obverse and the galloping horseman on the reverse, as does his son Gaius. However, all of L. Piso Frugi’s coins have lettering similar to “L-PISO-FRVGI” on the reverse, quite disparate from his son Gaius’ derivations of “C-PISO-L-F-FRV.”
Moreover, C. Piso Frugi coins are noted as possessing “superior workmanship” to those produced by L. Piso Frugi.
The Frugi cognomen, which became hereditary, was first given to L. Calpurnius Piso, consul in 133 B.C., for his integrity and overall moral virtue. Cicero is noted as saying that frugal men possessed the three cardinal Stoic virtues of bravery, justice, and wisdom; indeed in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae, a synonym of frugalitas is bonus, generically meaning “good” but also implying virtuous behavior. Gary Forsythe notes that Cicero would sometimes invoke L. Calpurnius Piso’s name at the beginning of speeches as “a paragon of moral rectitude” for his audience.
L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi’s inclusion of the laureled head of Apollo, essentially the same obverse die used by his son Gaius (c. 67 B.C.), was due to his family’s important role in the establishment of the Ludi Apollinares, the Games of Apollo, which were first instituted in 212 B.C. at the height of Hannibal’s invasion of Italy during the Second Punic War. By that time, Hannibal had crushed Roman armies at Cannae, seized Tarentum and was invading Campania.
Games had been used throughout Roman history as a means of allaying the fears
of the populace and distracting them from issues at hand; the Ludi Apollinares were no different. Forsythe follows the traditional interpretation that in 211 B.C., when C. Calpurnius Piso was praetor, he became the chief magistrate in Rome while both consuls were absent and the three other praetors were sent on military expeditions against Hannibal.
At this juncture, he put forth a motion in the Senate to make the Ludi Apollinares a yearly event, which was passed; the Ludi Apollinares did indeed become an important festival, eventually spanning eight days in the later Republic. However, this interpretation is debatable; H.H. Scullard suggests that the games were not made permanent until 208 B.C. after a severe plague prompted the Senate to make them a fixture on the calendar. The Senators believed Apollo would serve as a “healing god” for the people of Rome.
Nonetheless, the Calpurnii obviously believed their ancestor had played an integral role in the establishment of the Ludi Apollinares and thus prominently displayed
the head or bust of Apollo on the obverse of the coins they minted.
The meaning of the galloping horseman found on the reverse of the L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi coin is more complicated. It is possible that this is yet another reference to the Ludi Apollinares. Chariot races in the Circus Maximus were a major component of the games, along with animal hunts and theatrical performances.
A more intriguing possibility is that the horseman is a reference to C. Calpurnius Piso, son of the Calpurnius Piso who is said to have founded the Ludi Apollinares. This C. Calpurnius Piso was given a military command in 186 B.C. to quell a revolt in Spain. He was victorious, restoring order to the province and also gaining significant wealth in the process.
Upon his return to Rome in 184, he was granted a triumph by the Senate and eventually erected an arch on the Capitoline Hill celebrating his victory. Of course
the arch prominently displayed the Calpurnius name. Piso, however, was not an infantry commander; he led the cavalry.
The difficulty in accepting C. Calpurnius Piso’s victory in Spain as the impetus for the galloping horseman image is that not all of C. Piso Frugi’s coins depict the horseman or cavalryman carrying the palm, which is a symbol of victory. One is inclined to believe that the victory palm would be prominent in all of the coins minted by C. Piso Frugi (the son of L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi) if it indeed signified the great triumph of C. Calpurnius Piso in 186 B.C. Yet the palm’s appearance is clearly not a direct reference to military feats of C. Piso Frugi’s day. As noted, it is accepted that his coins were minted in 67 B.C.; in that year, the major victory by Roman forces was Pompey’s swift defeat of the pirates throughout the Mediterranean.
Chrestomathy: Annual Review of Undergraduate Research at the College of Charleston. Volume 1, 2002: pp. 1-10© 2002 by the College of Charleston, Charleston SC 29424, USA.All rights to be retained by the author.
http://www.cofc.edu/chrestomathy/vol1/cook.pdf
There are six (debatably seven) prominent Romans who have been known to posterity as Lucius Calpurnius Piso:
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi: (d. 261 A.D.) a Roman usurper, whose existence is
questionable, based on the unreliable Historia Augusta.
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Licinianus: deputy Roman Emperor, 10 January 69 to15 January
69, appointed by Galba.
Lucius Calpurnius Piso: Consul in 27 A.D.
Lucius Calpurnius Piso: Consul in 1 B.C., augur
Lucius Calpurnius Piso: Consul in 15 B.C., pontifex
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus: Consul in 58 B.C. (the uncle of Julius Caesar)
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi: Moneyer in 90 B.C. (our man)
All but one (or two--if you believe in the existence of "Frugi the usurper" ca. 261 A.D.) of these gentlemen lack the Frugi cognomen, indicating they are not from the same direct lineage as our moneyer, though all are Calpurnii.
Calpurnius Piso Frugi's massive issue was intended to support the war against the Marsic Confederation. The type has numerous variations and control marks.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius_Calpurnius_Piso
http://www.forumancientcoins.com/catalog/indexfrm.asp?vpar=55&pos=0
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
Cleisthenes
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(503f) Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus Silver DenariusCn. Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus Silver Denarius, Sear-323, Cr-393/1a, Syd-752, RSC-Cornelia 54, struck 76-75 BC at Spanish Mint, 3.94 grams, 18 mm. EF. Obverse: GPR above Diademed, draped and bearded bust of the Genius of the Roman People facing right, sceptre over shoulder; Reverse: EX in left field, SC in right field; CN LEN Q in exergue, Sceptre with wreath, terrestrial globe and rudder. An exceptional example that is especially well centered and struck on a slightly larger flan than normally encountered with fully lustrous surfaces and a most attractive irridescent antique toning. Held back from the Superb EF/FDC by a small banker's mark in the right obverse field, but still worthy of the finest collection of Roman Republican denarii. Ex Glenn Woods.
Re: CORNELIA 54:
“Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus may be the same moneyer whose issues have been already described (no.s 702-704). Mommsen suggested that these coins were struck in 74 B.C. as a special issue, authorized by the Senate, to defray the cost of armaments against Mithridates of Pontus and the Mediterranean pirates. But Grueber’s view that they were struck in 76 B.C. by Cn. Cornelius Lentulus acting in the capacity of quaestor of Pompey, seems more in accordance with the evidence of finds" (see: G. ii, p. 359n and The Coinage of the Roman Republic, by Edward A. Sydenham, 1976, pgs. 1).
H. A. Seaby shows the coin with the smaller head (Roman Silver Coins Vol. I, Republic to Augustus pg. 33) while David R Sear shows a coin sporting a larger version (Roman Coins and Their Values, pg. 132).
“Cn. Lentulus strikes in Spain in his capacity as quaestor to the proconsul Pompey, who had been sent to the peninsula to assist Q. Caecillus Metellus Piusagainst sertorius”(Roman Coins and Their Values, by David Sear, Vol.1, 2000, pg. 132).
This is not an imperatorial minted coin for Pompey. At the time these coins were minted the Procounsel Pompey was sent to Spain to aid in the war against Sertorius. The moneyer Cn Lentulus served as his Quaestor where he continued to mint coins for Rome.
CN = Cneaus; LEN = Lentulus
Cneaus was his first name. His last, or family name is Lentulus and this clan is a lesser clan within the Cornelii, which is what his middle name of Cornelius implies.
Q = This tells us that he was a Quaestor, or Roman magistrate with judicial powers at the time when the coin was issued, with the responsibility for the treasury. Had this been a position that he once held it would be noted on the coin as PROQ or pro [past] Questor.
For Further Reading on the Cornelia 54 & 55:
Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum, by H. A. Grueber. London, 1910, Vol. II, pgs. 358, 359, 52, 57
Roman Silver Coins Vol. I, Republic to Augustus, by H.A.Seaby 1952, pgs. 32-33
The Coinage of the Roman Republic, by Edward A. Sydenham, 1976, pgs. 122, 241
Roman Coins and Their Values, by David Sear, Vol.1, 2000, pg. 132, 133
Roman Republican Coinage Volume I by Michael H. Crawford 2001, pg. 407
by Jerry Edward Cornelius, April 2006, THE 81 ROMAN COINS OF THE CORNELIA
http://www.cornelius93.com/Cornelia54.htmlCleisthenes
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(504c) Roman Republic, L. Cassius Longinus, 63 B.C.Silver denarius, Crawford 413/1, RSC I Cassia 10, SRCV I 364, aVF, struck with worn dies, Rome mint, weight 3.867g, maximum diameter 20.3mm, die axis 0o, c. 63 B.C. Obverse: veiled bust of Vesta left, kylix behind, L before; Reverse: LONGIN III V, voter standing left, dropping tablet inscribed V into a cista.
The reverse of this Longinus denarius captures a fascinating moment when a Roman citizen casts his ballot. "The abbreviation III V [ir] indentifies Longinus as one of the three annually appointed mintmasters (officially called tres viri aere argento auro flando feriundo). A citizen is seen casting his vote into the urn. On the ballot is the letter 'U', short for uti rogas, a conventional formula indicating assent to a motion. The picture alludes to the law, requested by an ancestor of the mintmaster, which introduced the secret ballot in most proceedings of the popular court" (Meier, Christian. Caesar, a Biography. Berlin: Severin and Siedler, 1982. Plate 6).
The date that this denarius was struck possesses unique significance for another reason. Marcus Tullius Cicero (politician, philosopher, orator, humanist) was elected consul for the year 63 BC -- the first man elected consul who had no consular ancestors in more than 30 years. A "new man," Cicero was not the descendant of a "patrician" family, nor was his family wealthy (although Cicero married "well"). Cicero literally made himself the man he was by the power of the words he spoke and the way in which he spoke them. A witness to and major player during the decline of the Roman Republic, Cicero was murdered in 43 BC by thugs working for Marc Antony. But Cicero proved impossible to efface.
Cicero's words became part of the bed rock of later Roman education. As Peter Heather notes, every educated young man in the late Roman Empire studied "a small number of literary texts under the guidance of an expert in language and literary interpretation, the grammarian. This occupied the individual for seven or more years from about the age of eight, and concentrated on just four authors: Vergil, Cicero, Sallust and Terence" (Heather, Peter. The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. 17).
Plutarch: Cicero's Death
But in the meantime the assassins were come with a band of soldiers, Herennius, a centurion, and Popillius, a tribune, whom Cicero had formerly defended when prosecuted for the murder of his father. Finding the doors shut, they broke them open, and Cicero not appearing, and those within saying they knew not where he was, it is stated that a youth, who had been educated by Cicero in the liberal arts and sciences, an emancipated slave of his brother Quintus, Philologus by name, informed the tribune that the litter was on its way to the sea through the close and shady walks. The tribune, taking a few with him, ran to the place where he was to come out. And Cicero, perceiving Herennius running in the walks, commanded his servants to set down the litter; and stroking his chin, as he used to do, with his left hand, he looked steadfastly upon his murderers, his person covered with dust, his beard and hair untrimmed, and his face worn with his troubles. So that the greatest part of those that stood by covered their faces whilst Herennius slew him. And thus was he murdered, stretching forth his neck out of the litter, being now in his sixty-fourth year. Herennius cut off his head, and, by Antony's command, his hands also, by which his Philippics were written; for so Cicero styled those orations he wrote against Antony, and so they are called to this day.
When these members of Cicero were brought to Rome, Antony was holding an assembly for the choice of public officers; and when he heard it, and saw them, he cried out, "Now let there be an end of our proscriptions." He commanded his head and hands to be fastened up over the rostra, where the orators spoke; a sight which the Roman people shuddered to behold, and they believed they saw there, not the face of Cicero, but the image of Antony's own soul. And yet amidst these actions he did justice in one thing, by delivering up Philologus to Pomponia, the wife of Quintus; who, having got his body into her power, besides other grievous punishments, made him cut off his own flesh by pieces, and roast and eat it; for so some writers have related. But Tiro, Cicero's emancipated slave, has not so much as mentioned the treachery of Philologus.
Translation by John Dryden: http://intranet.grundel.nl/thinkquest/moord_cicero_plu.html
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.Cleisthenes
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0 - Severus Alexander as Caesar - AR DenariusSeverus Alexander as Caesar. Rome Mint.
obv: " M AUR ALEXANDER CAES "
Bare head right, draped.
rev: " PIETAS AUG " - Priestly Implements.rexesq
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00 - Vespasian AR Denarius - Winged CaduceusEmperor Vespasian (AD 69 - 79)
Silver Denarius, Rome Mint AD 74
obv: IMP CAESAR VESPASIANUS AUG - Laureate head right.
rev: PON MAX TR P COS V - Winged Caduceus.
RIC 703
rexesq
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00 - Vespasian AR Denarius - Winged Caduceus.Emperor Vespasian (AD 69 - 79)
Silver Denarius, Rome Mint AD 74
obv: IMP CAESAR VESPASIANUS AUG - Laureate head right.
rev: PON MAX TR P COS V - Winged Caduceus.
RIC 703
Note the detail on the heads of the snakes of the caduceus.rexesq
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000 - Vespasian AR Denarius - Clasped Hands Vespasian Silver Denarius - Clasped Hands
Rome Mint, AD 73
obv: IMP CAES VESP AVG PM COS IIII CEN - Laureled head right.
rev: FIDES PVBL - Clasped hands holding wheat ears, opium poppies and caduceus.
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A bit off-center, but a beautiful portrait of the Emperor, and great detail on the poppy heads.
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** These photos slightly bright and off-color due to lighting
**More photos of this Vespasian Denarius below, in Alphabetical order...
rexesq
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001 Caesar (100-44 B.C.), AR-denarius, Crawf 443-1, Plated (Fouree), Military mint travelling with Caesar (Gaul), #2001 Caesar (100-44 B.C.), AR-denarius, Crawf 443-1, Plated (Fouree), Military mint travelling with Caesar (Gaul), #2
avers:-CAESAR in exergue, elephant right, trampling on serpent.
revers:- Simpulum, sprinkler, axe (surmounted by a wolf's head) and priest's hat.
exerg:-/-//CAESAR, diameter: 17-20mm, weight: 2,66g, axes: 5h,
mint: Military mint travelling with Caesar (Gaul), date: 49-48 B.C., ref: Crawford-443/1, Sydneham-1006, RSC-49, BMCRR (Gaul) 27
Q-002
"This is the first coin struck in the name of Julius Caesar. The symbolism on the obverse apparently alludes to the conquest of good over evil, Caesar's victory over the Gauls, while the reverse refers to Caesar's possession of the office of Pontifex Maximus."quadrans
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001 Caesar (100-44 B.C.), Crawf 443-1, Military mint traveling with Caesar (Gaul), AR-denarius, #1001 Caesar (100-44 B.C.), Crawf 443-1, Military mint traveling with Caesar (Gaul), AR-denarius, #1
avers: CAESAR in exergue, elephant right, trampling on a serpent.
reverse: Simpulum, sprinkler, axe (surmounted by a wolf's head) and priest's hat.
exergue: -/-//CAESAR, diameter: 18,5-19,0mm, weight: 3,93g, axes: 4h,
mint: Military mint travelling with Caesar (Gaul), date: 49-48 B.C., ref: Crawford-443/1, Sydenham-1006, RSC-49, BMCRR (Gaul) 27
Q-001
"This is the first coin struck in the name of Julius Caesar. The symbolism on the obverse apparently alludes to the conquest of good over evil, Caesar's victory over the Gauls, while the reverse refers to Caesar's possession of the office of Pontifex Maximus."quadrans
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001 Caesar (100-44 B.C.), Crawf 443-1, Military mint traveling with Caesar (Gaul), AR-denarius, #2001 Caesar (100-44 B.C.), Crawf 443-1, Military mint traveling with Caesar (Gaul), AR-denarius, #2
avers: CAESAR in exergue, elephant right, trampling on a serpent.
reverse: Simpulum, sprinkler, axe (surmounted by a wolf's head) and priest's hat.
exergue: -/-//CAESAR, diameter: 19mm, weight: 3,65g, axes: 10h,
mint: Military mint travelling with Caesar (Gaul), date: 49-48 B.C., ref: Crawford-443/1, Sydenham-1006, RSC-49, BMCRR (Gaul) 27
Q-002
"This is the first coin struck in the name of Julius Caesar. The symbolism on the obverse apparently alludes to the conquest of good over evil, Caesar's victory over the Gauls, while the reverse refers to Caesar's possession of the office of Pontifex Maximus."quadrans
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001 Caesar (100-44 B.C.), Crawf 443-1, Military mint traveling with Caesar (Gaul), AR-denarius, Plated (Fouree), #1001 Caesar (100-44 B.C.), Crawf 443-1, Military mint traveling with Caesar (Gaul), AR-denarius, Plated (Fouree), #1
avers: CAESAR in exergue, elephant right, trampling on a serpent.
reverse: Simpulum, sprinkler, axe (surmounted by a wolf's head) and priest's hat.
exergue: -/-//CAESAR, diameter: 17-20mm, weight: 2,66g, axes: 5h,
mint: Military mint travelling with Caesar (Gaul), date: 49-48 B.C., ref: Crawford-443/1, Sydenham-1006, RSC-49, BMCRR (Gaul) 27
Q-001
"This is the first coin struck in the name of Julius Caesar. The symbolism on the obverse apparently alludes to the conquest of good over evil, Caesar's victory over the Gauls, while the reverse refers to Caesar's possession of the office of Pontifex Maximus."quadrans
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001 Caesar (100-44 B.C.), Crawf 457-1, Sicily, AR-denarius, A•ALLIENVS PRO•COS, Trinacrus standing left,001 Caesar (100-44 B.C.), Crawf 457-1, Sicily, AR-denarius, A•ALLIENVS PRO•COS, Trinacrus standing left,
avers: C•CAESAR IMP•COS•ITER, Diademed, draped Venus Head Right,
reverse: A•ALLIENVS PRO•COS, Trinacrus standing left, placing the right foot on prow, holding triskeles in right hand and cloak in left.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 17-18,5mm, weight: 3,59g, axes: 6h,
mint: Sicily, date: 47B.C., ref: Crawford-457/1, Sydenham-1022, Babelon-Julia-14, Alliena-1, C-1,
Q-001
"In late 47 B.C. Caesar was on Sicily, preparing for his assault on the Pompeian forces in north Africa. During this period a small issue of denarii was produced in his name by Aulus Allienus, then the proconsul of Sicily. The reverse shows a figure of Trinacrus, supposedly a son of Neptune, who may have been invented to account for the name Trinacria, commonly used for Sicily. The coins of Allienus must have seen considerable circulation: almost all surviving specimens are considerably worn."quadrans
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001 Caesar (100-44 B.C.), Crawf 458-1, Africa, AR-denarius, CAESAR, Aeneas advancing left, #1001 Caesar (100-44 B.C.), Crawf 458-1, Africa, AR-denarius, CAESAR, Aeneas advancing left, #1
avers:- Diademed Venus Head Right,
revers:- CAESAR, Aeneas advancing left, holding palladium and carrying Anchises on his shoulder.
exerg: -/-//--, diameter: 16,5-17mm, weight: 3,59g, axes: 6h,
mint: Military mint travelling with Caesar in North Africa, date: 47-46 B.C., ref: Crawford-458/1, Sydneham-1013,
Q-001quadrans
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001 Caesar (100-44 B.C.), Crawf 458-1, Africa, AR-denarius, CAESAR, Aeneas advancing left, #2001 Caesar (100-44 B.C.), Crawf 458-1, Africa, AR-denarius, CAESAR, Aeneas advancing left, #2
avers:- Diademed Venus Head Right,
revers:- CAESAR, Aeneas advancing left, holding palladium and carrying Anchises on his shoulder.
exerg: -/-//--, diameter: 16,5mm, weight: 3,33g, axes: 6h,
mint: Military mint travelling with Caesar in North Africa, date: 47-46 B.C., ref: Crawford-458/1, Sydneham-1013,
Q-002quadrans
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001 Caesar (100-44 B.C.), Crawf 458-1, Africa, AR-denarius, CAESAR, Aeneas advancing left, #3001 Caesar (100-44 B.C.), Crawf 458-1, Africa, AR-denarius, CAESAR, Aeneas advancing left, #3
avers:- Diademed Venus Head Right,
revers:- CAESAR, Aeneas advancing left, holding palladium and carrying Anchises on his shoulder.
exerg: -/-//--, diameter: 17-19mm, weight: 3,23g, axes: 6h,
mint: Military mint travelling with Caesar in North Africa, date: 47-46 B.C., ref: Crawford-458/1, Sydneham-1013,
Q-003quadrans
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001 Caesar (100-44 B.C.), Crawf 468-1, Spanish, AR-denarius, CAESAR, Gallia and Gaulish captive seated,001 Caesar (100-44 B.C.), Crawf 468-1, Spanish, AR-denarius, CAESAR, Gallia and Gaulish captive seated,
avers: No legends, Diademed head of Venus right, Cupid on her shoulder.
revers: Gallia and Gaulish captive seated beneath trophy of Gallic arms, CAESAR below.
exerg: -/-//CAESAR, diameter: 18mm, weight: 3,92g, axes: 5h,
mint: Spanish, date: 46-45 B.C., ref: Crawford-468/1, Sydneham-1014,
Q-001quadrans
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001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), AR-denarius, Crawf 544-26, LEG-XII, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, praetorian galley right, Before and After the Cleaning001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), AR-denarius, Crawf 544-26, LEG-XII, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, praetorian galley right,
avers:- LEG-XII, legionary eagle (aquila) between two standards.
revers:- ANT-AVG-III-VIR•R•P•C•, praetorian galley right.
exerg: -/-//--, diameter: 17-18,5mm, weight: 3,39g, axes: 5h,
mint: Legionary Denarius, date: 32-31 B.C., ref: Crawford-544/26, Sydneham-1230, RSC-41,
Before and After the Cleaning
Q-001quadrans
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001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-14, AR-denarius, LEG II, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-14, AR-denarius, LEG II, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,
avers: LEG II, legionary eagle (Aquila) between two standards.
reverse: ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley sailing right, mast with banners at the prow.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 17,5mm, weight: 3,29g, axes: 5h,
mint: Legionary Denarius, date: 32-31 B.C., ref: Crawford-544/14, Sydenham-1216, RSC-27, BMCRR East 185-225; Babelon: Antonia 101; Sydenham 1212 ; Catalli 2001,886.
Q-001quadrans
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001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-15, AR-denarius, LEG III, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-15, AR-denarius, LEG III, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,
avers: LEG III, legionary eagle (Aquila) between two standards.
reverse: ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley sailing right, mast with banners at the prow.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 18,5-20mm, weight: 2,89g, axes: 9h,
mint: Legionary Denarius, date: B.C., ref: Crawford- 544/15, Sydenham-1217, RSC-28,
Q-001quadrans
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001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-17, AR-denarius, LEG IV, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-17, AR-denarius, LEG IV, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,
avers: LEG IV, legionary eagle (Aquila) between two standards.
reverse: ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley sailing right, mast with banners at the prow.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 17-18mm, weight: 3,36g, axes: 7h,
mint: Legionary Denarius, date: B.C., ref: Crawford- 544/17, Sydenham-1219, RSC-30,
Q-001quadrans
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001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-19, AR-denarius, LEG VI, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-19, AR-denarius, LEG VI, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,
avers: LEG VI, legionary eagle (Aquila) between two standards.
reverse: ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley sailing right, mast with banners at the prow. Nice Countermark above the galley.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 17,5-18mm, weight: 3,35g, axes: 5h,
mint: Legionary Denarius, date: B.C., ref: Crawford- 544/19, Sydenham-1223, RSC-33,
Q-001quadrans
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001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-21, AR-denarius, LEG VIII, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-21, AR-denarius, LEG VIII, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,
avers: LEG VIII, legionary eagle (Aquila) between two standards.
reverse: ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley sailing right, mast with banners at the prow.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 17,5mm, weight: 3,47g, axes: 10h,
mint: Legionary Denarius, date: B.C., ref: Crawford-544/21, Sydenham-1225, RSC-35,
Q-001quadrans
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001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-25, AR-denarius, LEG XI, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-25, AR-denarius, LEG XI, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,
avers: LEG XI, legionary eagle (Aquila) between two standards.
reverse: ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley sailing right, mast with banners at the prow.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 17,5mm, weight: 3,29g, axes: 5h,
mint: Legionary Denarius, date: B.C., ref: Crawford-544/25, Sydenham-1229, RSC-39,
Q-001quadrans
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001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-26, AR-denarius, LEG XII, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-26, AR-denarius, LEG XII, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,
avers: LEG XII, legionary eagle (Aquila) between two standards.
reverse: ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley sailing right, mast with banners at the prow.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 17-18,5mm, weight: 3,39g, axes: 5h,
mint: Legionary Denarius, date: 32-31 B.C., ref: Crawford-544/26, Sydenham-1230, RSC-41,
Q-001quadrans
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001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-26, AR-denarius, LEG XII, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right, #1001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-26, AR-denarius, LEG XII, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right, #1
avers: LEG XII, legionary eagle (Aquila) between two standards.
reverse: ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley sailing right, mast with banners at the prow.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 17,0-18,5mm, weight: 3,39g, axes: 5h,
mint: Legionary Denarius, date: 32-31 B.C., ref: Crawford 544/26, Sydenham 1230, RSC 41,
After Cleaning
Q-001quadrans
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001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-26, AR-denarius, LEG XII, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right, #2001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-26, AR-denarius, LEG XII, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right, #2
avers: LEG XII, legionary eagle (Aquila) between two standards.
reverse: ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley sailing right, mast with banners at the prow.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 16,5-18,0mm, weight: 3,13g, axes: 0h,
mint: Legionary Denarius, date: 32-31 B.C., ref: Crawford 544/26, Sydenham 1230, RSC 41,
Q-002quadrans
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001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-30, AR-denarius, LEG XV, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-30, AR-denarius, LEG XV, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,
avers: LEG XV, legionary eagle (Aquila) between two standards.
reverse: ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley sailing right, mast with banners at the prow.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 16,8-17mm, weight: 2,72g, axes: 5h,
mint: Legionary Denarius, date: 32-31 B.C., ref: Crawford-544/30, Sydenham-1235, RSC-47,
Q-001
"Legion XV Apollinaris was raised by Caesar in Gallia Cisalpina in 53 BC. In the time of Augustus-Tiberius, the legion was stationed in Ljubljana, then in Carnuntum, and later in Alexandria, and took part in the Jewish War and the capture of Jerusalem. In the 2nd and 3rd century the legion fought mainly in the East against the Parthians."quadrans
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001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-35, AR-denarius, LEG XIX, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-35, AR-denarius, LEG XIX, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,
avers: LEG XIX, legionary eagle (Aquila) between two standards.
reverse: ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley sailing right, mast with banners at the prow.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 18mm, weight: 3,44g, axes: 5h,
mint: Legionary Denarius, date: 32-31 B.C., ref: Crawford-544/35, Sydenham-1242, RSC-55,
Q-001quadrans
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001b. Pompey MagnusPompey was considered to be the premier general of his day. He initially was an ally with Julius Caesar, in part cemented by the marriage of Pompey to Caesar's daughter Julia. The two then broke, however, with Pompey siding with the optimates (the wealthy faction) against Caesar, with his populist leadership. During the civil war following Caesar’s invasion of Rome, Pompey was decisively defeated at the battle of Pharsalus in 48 BC. He fled to Egypt, where he was murdered, much to Caesar’s displeasure.
Coin: Cn Pompeius Magnus. Denarius, 48 BC. 17mm, 3.58 g. Terentius Varro, proquaestor. Uncertain Greek mint. Obv: VARRO PRO Q, bust of Jupiter Terminus right. Rev: MAGN PRO COS in two lines in exergue. Vertical scepter, with dolphin to left and eagle to right. Cr447/1a, Syd 1033, RSC 3, Pompeia 7. Triskeles Auction 28, Lot 261.lawrence c
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