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Image search results - "crawford"
ASSEREP-3.jpg
Anonymous. After 211 BC. Post-reform Bronze As.
Obv.: Janus with I above
Rev.: Prow right with I above and ROMA below.
g. 38,5 mm. 30
Crawford 56/2; Syd 143.

Maxentius
DenCassioLongino.jpg
Denarius - 63 B.C. - L. Cassius Longinus. Gens Cassia
Obv.: Draped and veiled bust of Vesta left; kylix behind, S before
Rev.: Togate male standing facing, dropping tablet into a cista; LONGIN. III. V behind.
g. 3,85 mm. 18
Crawford 413/1; Sear RCV 364, Syd 935.

Maxentius
Semisse-1.jpg
AE Semis - Anonymous - After 206 B.C.
Obv.: Head of Saturn right, S behind
Rev.: prow of galley, S above; ROMA below
Gs 12,1 mm. 24,8
Crawford 56/3.
Maxentius
DenSerratoCNevioBalbo.jpg
Serrate Denarius - 79 BC.
C. NAEVIVS BALBVS - Gens Naevia
Obv.: Diademed head of Venus right, SC behind
Rev.: Victory in triga right; C NAE BALB (AE & AL in monogram) in ex.
Gs. 3,6 mm. 18,4
Crawford 382/1, Sear RCV 309



Maxentius
QuinCnLentulus.jpg
AR Quinarius - 88 B.C.
CN. CORNELIVS LENTVLVS CLODIANVS - Gens Cornelia
Obv.: Laureate head of Jupiter right
Rev.: Victory right crowning trophy. In ex. CN LENT (NT in monogram)
Gs. 1,5 mm. 13,4x14,5
Crawford 345/2, Sear RCV 255

Maxentius
DenMFurioPhilobis.jpg
AR Denarius - M FVRIVS Lf PHILVS - 119 BC. - Gens Furia - Mint of Rome
Obv.: Laureate head of Janus; [M•F]OVRI•L•[F] around
Rev.: Roma standing left erecting trophy, gallic arms around, ROMA to right, PHILI in ex. (PHI in monogram)
Gs. 3,7 mm. 19,6
Crawford 281/1, Sear RCV 156
1 commentsMaxentius
DenLMarcioFilippobis.jpg
AR Denarius - L. MARCIVS PHILIPPVS - 113-112 BC. - Gens Îśarcia - Mint of Rome
Obv.: Head of Philip V right wearing Macedonian helmet; ROMA monogram and simpulum behind, Φ forward
Rev.: Equestrian statue right, flower below horse; L. PHILIPPVS in a tablet. XVI (in monogram) in ex.
Gs. 3,6 mm. 18,3
Crawford 293/1; Sear RCV 170
Maxentius
DenQLutatioCercobis.jpg
Denarius - 109-108 BC.
Q. LVTATIVS CERCO - Gens Lutatia
Obv.: ROMA CERCO, helmeted head of Roma (or Mars) right. XVI in monogram behind
Rev.: Q LVTATI, galley right within oak wreath.
Gs. 3,7 mm. 17,4
Crawford 305/1, Sear RCV 182.


Maxentius
DenCnCornelioLentulo.jpg
Denarius - 88 BC.
CN. CORNELIVS LENTVLVS CLAVDIANVS - Gens Cornelia
Obv.: Helmeted bust of Mars right, seen from behind, with spear and parazonium Rev.: Victory in biga right. In ex. CN LENTVL
Gs. 3,7 mm. 16,7x18,3
Crawford 345/1; Sear RCV 254

Maxentius
DenCVibioPansa.jpg
Denarius - 90 BC.
C. VIBIVS PANSA C.f. - Gens Vibia
Obv.: PANSA, laureate head of Apollo right, shell before
Rev.: Minerva in quadriga right, C VIBIVS CF in ex.
Gs. 2,8 mm. 16,2
Crawford 342/5b, Sear RCV 242

2 commentsMaxentius
SemisseStella.jpg
AE Semis - Anonymous - 169/157 B.C.
Obv.: Head of Saturn right, S behind
Rev.: Prow of galley right, star above, S before; ROMA below
Gs 12,5 mm. 24,1
Crawford 196/2, Sear RCV 829
Maxentius
Semisse-2.jpg
AE Semis - Anonymous - After 211 B.C. (Grueber 240/229 B.C.)
Obv.: Head of Saturn right, S behind
Rev.: prow of galley, S above; ROMA below
Gs 18,3 mm. 25,9
Crawford 56/3, Sear RCV 766, BMRRC(Grueber) 229
Maxentius
Litra.jpg
Anonymous AE Litra. 241-235 BC. (Grueber, half-litra: 312/290 BC)
Romano-Campanian
Obv.:Helmeted, beardless head of Mars right
Rev.:Head of horse right with bridle. A sickle behind, ROMA below.
Gs. 3,4 mm. 15,2
Crawford 25/3, Sear RCV 594, BMRRC II 64



Maxentius
DenCCatone.jpg
Denarius - 123 BC (Grueber 150/125 BC) - Mint of Rome (Crawford). Uncertain mint in Italy (Grueber)
C. [PORCIVS] CATO - Gens Porcia
Obv.: Helmeted head of Roma right, X behind
Rev.: Victory in biga right holding reins and whip; C CATO below, ROMA in ex.
Gs. 3,9 mm. 18,9
Craw. 274/1, Sear RCV 149, BMRRC II 461.



Maxentius
DenMPletorio.jpg
Denarius - 68/67 BC - Mint of Rome
M. PLAETORIVS M.f. CESTIANVS - Gens Plaetoria
Obv.: Bust of Vacuna right, wearing a wreathed and crested helmet, bow and quiver on shoulder, cornucopiae below chin. CESTIANVS left, S C right
Rev.: Eagle standing right on thunderbolt, head left. M PLAETORIVS M.F. AED CVR around.
Gs. 3,9 mm. 18
Craw. 409/1, Sear RCV 349, BMRRC 3596.
For Crawford, the goddess on obverse is Isis



1 commentsMaxentius
DenRoscioFabato.jpg
Denarius Serratus 64 or 62 BC. - Mint of Rome
L. ROSCIVS FABATVS - Gens Roscia
Obv.: Head of Juno Sospita in goat skin, L ROSCI below, symbol behind (Shield)
Rev.:Girl standing right feeding serpent before, symbol to left (helm), FABATI in ex.
gs. 3,9 mm. 18,2x17,4
Crawford 412/1; Sear RCV 363, Grueber I 3394.



1 commentsMaxentius
DenCnCornelioBlasio.jpg
Denarius, 112/111 B.C. Rome Mint
CN. CORNELIVS CN.F. BLASIO - Gens Cornelia
Obv.:Mars, helmeted, right (or Scipio Africanus), CN. BLASIO CN.F. before (var. N retrograde), bucranium behind. XVI (in monogram) above
Rev.: Juno, Jupiter being crowned by Minerva; letter Î in field, ROMA in ex.
Gs. 3,25 mm. 20,6x18,4
Crawford 296/1c, Sear RCV 173, Grueber 626



Maxentius
DenTMalApClQUrb.jpg
Denarius - 111/110 B.C. Rome mint
APPIVS CL. PVLCHER, T. MALLIVS - Gens Mallia - Claudia.
Obv: Helmeted head of Roma right, quadrangular device behind
Rev.: Victory in triga right, T. MAL. (in monogr.) AP. CL. Q. VR. in ex.
Gs. 3,8 mm. 17,82
Crawf. 299/1b, Sear RCV 176, Grueber 1293

For Crawford, Q. VR would not mean Quaestores Urbani, but the name of a third moneyer, Q. Urbinius.
Maxentius
AesGraveLibralefuso.jpg
Cast Aes Grave As (reduced libral series) - 225/217 BC. - Rome mint
Anonymous
Obv.: Laureate head of Janus
Rev.: Prow right, I above
Gr. 250 mm. 60,33
Crawford 35/1, Sear RCV 570

Maxentius
Semuncia2.jpg
Æ Semuncia - Anonymous - 217-215 B.C.
Obv.: Head of Mercury right wearing petasos
Rev.: Prow of galley right; ROMA above.
Gs. 4 mm. 18,80x19,85
Crawford 38/7; Sear RCV 620, Grueber 129.

Maxentius
Semuncia.jpg
AE Semuncia - Anonymous - 217/215 B.C.
Obv.:Head of Mercury right wearing petasos
Rev.: Prow of galley right; ROMA above.
Gs. 4,7 mm. 19,64x19,95
Crawford 38/7; Sear RCV 620, Grueber 129.
Maxentius
Denarius_206-195.jpg
Denarius
Anonymous
Mint: Rome
206-195 BCE

Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma, right; behind, denominational mark (X); border of dots
Reverse: Dioscuri galloping, right; below, mark (eight-rayed star); Roma in exergue; line border

Crawford (RRC) 113/1
Sydenham 263
RSC I 20gg
BM 457
SRCV I 54
Denarius_111-110.jpg
Denarius
Appius Claudius Pulcher, T Manlius Mancinus & Q Urbinus
Mint: Rome
111-110 BCE

Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma, right; behind, mark (circle within a triangle); border of dots
Reverse: Victory in triga right, holding reins in both hands, one horse looking back; AP CL T MAL Q VR in exergue; border of dots

Crawford (RRC) 299/1a
Sydenham 570
RSC I Mallia 1
SRCV I 176
IMG_9235.JPG
Anonymous. Circa 270 BC. Æ Aes Grave Triens (48mm, 93.00 g, 12h). Rome mint. Head of horse right; [••••] (mark of value) below / Head of horse left; [••••] (mark of value) below. Crawford 18/3 (Uncertain mint); ICC 35; HN Italy 281. Fine, gray-green patina, some earthen deposits, a little flaky in parts.

From the Collection of a Director.
ecoli
IMG_0358.JPG
M. Cipius M.f. 115-114 BC. AR Denarius (17mm, 3.98 g, 4h). Rome mint. Helmeted head of Roma right; X (mark of value) to left / Victory driving galloping biga right, holding reins and palm frond; rudder below. Crawford 289/1; Sydenham 546; Cipia 1; Type as RBW 1118.ecoli
Captura_de_pantalla_2021-03-29_a_las_19_45_30.png
Denario Cecilio Metelo Pio
47-46 BC
Crawford 459/1

Good very fine

Anverso: Q·METEL PIVS
Reverso: SCIPIO IMP
Peso: 3,60 gr
Diam:18 mm

Ex Roma Numismatics Ltd., Auction XIV, 21 September 2017, lot 540. Ex Roma -sale 57-2019
1 commentsJose Vicente A
6Wwib4Cjs59AX7LeMLf2tR3pDjr58q.jpg
ROME REPUBLIC Cn. Plancius. AR Denarius, 55 BC. Obv. CN. PLANCIVS AED. CVR. S.C. Head of Diana Planciana R / GOAT
Cn. Plancius, Rome, 55 BC. AR Denarius (17mm, 3.84g, 3h). Female head (Diana Planciana?) r., wearing causia. R/ Cretan goat standing r.; bow and quiver to l. Crawford 432/1; RBW 1541; RSC Plancia 1
1 commentspaul1888
457920AB-B3D9-4498-A60B-15C83FEA36DB.jpeg
Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius
Denarius of the Roman Republic Period 81 BC
Material: Silver
Diameter: 20mm
Weight: 3.84g
Mint: North Italy
Reference: Crawford RRC 374/2
paul1888
324940102_845617019828556_6112393111207121176_n.jpg
ROMAN REPUBLIC AE As. Janus,
OBVERSE: LAUREATE HEAD OF BEARDED JANUS; I (MARK OF VALUE) ABOVE
REVERSE: PROW OF GALLEY RIGHT; I (MARK OF VALUE) ABOVE
27 GR. 32 MM, ROMA.
CRAWFORD 56/2; SYDENHAM 143
Antonivs Protti
DSC05153.JPG
L. Caecilius Metellus Diadematus. 128 BC. AR Denarius; 18mm., 3.18 g. Head of Roma right, star behind head / Pax or Pietas, holding branch, sceptre and reins, in galloping biga right; elephant's head and ROMA below. Crawford 262/1; Caecilia 38; Syd. 496; Sear 138.Antonivs Protti
rjb_2012_11_31.jpg
38Anonymous; c.217 BC
AE sextans
Obv - Head of Mercury right wearing petasus
Rev "ROMA"
Prow right,, two pelets below
Rome mint
Crawford 38/5
mauseus
rjb_2020_12_15.jpg
38Anonymous; c.217 BC
AE semuncia
Obv - Head of Mercury right wearing petasus
Rev "ROMA"
Prow right
Rome mint
Crawford 38/7
mauseus
rjb_repub1_05_09.jpg
44cfAnonymous; c.211 BC
AR plated quinarius
Obv "V"
Helmeted head of Roma right
Rev "ROMA"
Dioscuri on horseback riding right, stars above heads
Rome mint
cf Crawford 44-8
1 commentsmauseus
rjb_2012_09_05.jpg
56Anonymous; c.211 BC
AE semis
Obv "S"
Laureate head of Saturn right
Rev "S ROMA"
Prow right
Rome mint
Crawford 56/3
mauseus
rjb_2019_02_01.jpg
56Anonymous; c.211 BC
AE as
Obv Janiform head
Rev "ROMA"
Prow right
Rome mint
Crawford 56/2
mauseus
rjb_2020_12_16.jpg
56Anonymous; c.211 BC
AE triens
Obv ". . . ."
Helmeted head of Minerva right
Rev "ROMA . . . ."
Prow right
Rome mint
Crawford 56/4
mauseus
IMG_0362.JPG
C. Vibius C.f. C.n. Pansa CaetronianusMoneyer issues of Imperatorial Rome. C. Vibius C.f. C.n. Pansa Caetronianus. 48 BC. AR Denarius (18mm, 3.73 g, 6h). Rome mint. Head of young Bacchus (or Liber) right, wearing ivy wreath / Ceres advancing right, holding a torch with each hand; plow to right. Crawford 449/2; CRI 21; Sydenham 946; Vibia 16. VF, toned, edge chip.

From the Archer M. Huntington Collection, ANS 1001.2.9.
ecoli
1390_L_Senticius.jpg
L. Sentius C.f. - AR denariusRome
²96 BC / ¹101 BC
head of Roma right wearing winged helmet
(AR)G·PVB
Jupiter in quadriga right, holding scepter, thunderbolt and reins
D
L·SENTI·C·F
ÂąCrawford 325/1b, SRCV I203, Sydenham 600, RSC I Sentia 1
²Mark Passehl - Roman moneyer & coin type chronology, 150 – 50 BC
4,00g 20,5mm
ex Gorny & Mosch

Moneyer held praetorship in 93-89 BC.
J. B.
Lepidus_Mark_Antony_Quinarius.jpg
Mark Antony and LepidusThe Triumvirs. Mark Antony and Lepidus, 43 B.C. AR quinarius
Military mint traveling with Antony and Lepidus in Transalpine Gaul, 43 B.C.
O: M ANT IMP, emblems of the augurate: lituus, capis, and raven standing left.
R: LEP IMP, emblems of the pontificate: simpulum, aspergillum, securis, and apex.
-Crawford 489/3; CRI 120; Sydenham 1158a; RSC 3.
4 commentsNemonater
3420493.jpg
P. Clodius M.f. TurrinusMoneyer issues of Imperatorial Rome. P. Clodius M.f. Turrinus. 42 BC. AR Denarius (19mm, 3.89 g, 1h). Rome mint. Laureate head of Apollo right; lyre behind / Diana Lucifera standing right, bow and quiver on her shoulder, holding torch in each hand. Crawford 494/23; CRI 184; Sydenham 1117; Claudia 15. Good VF, toned, a few minor scratches beneath the toning.

From the RAJ Collection. Ex CNG Inventory 914993 (2012 NYINC); Sincona 4 (25 October 2011), lots 4160 or 4161 (part of), includes ticket from a French Collectio
1 commentsecoli
IMG_0351.JPG
Q. SiciniusMoneyer issues of Imperatorial Rome. Q. Sicinius. Early 49 BC. AR Denarius (17.5mm, 3.89 g, 4h). Rome mint. Diademed head of Fortuna Populi Romani right / Palm frond with fillet and winged caduceus in saltire; wreath above. Crawford 440/1; CRI 1; Sydenham 938; Sicinia 5. Near VF, toned, some iridescence, banker’s marks and a couple scratches under tone on obverse, traces of deposits, a few minor marks on reverse.

Ex CNG
1 commentsecoli
107-1a-NAC61.jpg
"C" Denarius, Crawford 107/1a - My favorite CoinDenomination: Denarius
Era: c. 209-208 BC
Metal: AR
Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma r. with splayed visor; “X” behind; Border of dots
Reverse: Dioscuri r.; Above, “C”; in linear frame, “ROMA”.
Mint: Etruia(?)
Weight: 4.44 gm.
Reference: Crawford 107/1a
Provenance: NAC 61; 25-OCT-2011, Privately purchased by RBW from CNG in 1989


Comments: This is one of my favorite coins. It is not high grade, neither the obverse nor the reverse is well centered. The dioscuri are really just blobs, and this coin would be overlooked in any sale but the NAC 61 sale of RBW’s finest and rarest coins, perhaps the greatest Roman Republican auction of our generation. Nevertheless, the coin has a lovely tone and a style that is very characteristic of this issue which is quite rare.

Unique to this variety and the related staff issue, are the braided locks extending from the helmet to the hair binding. The stars are simple dots above the dioscuri, and ROMA is cut into the die with very large letters with a very fine line tool. There has been much speculation on the significance of the “C” insignia, but few with any real merit.
1 comments
107-1_-Wht.jpeg
"C" denarius, RRC 107/1b (var)Denomination: Denarius
Era: C. 209-208 BC
Metal: AR
Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma R,; X behind. Border of dots
Reverse: Dioscuri on horseback right, each holding spear, star above each head; "C" above; ROMA in 3-line frame.

Mint: Uncertain (Etruria?)
Weight: 4.36 g
Reference: RRC 107/1b (var)*
Provenance: NAC 125, Lot 372
Ex De Nicola Fixed price list June 1967, 229.

*This variety is not seen in the RRC plates, but it is depicted and differentiated in Grueber. (See Grueber II p. 188, #186, Plate LXXXIV 8.). Style only seen on 107 ("C"), not on 106 (staff). Crawford doesn't speculate on the meaning of the "C", or whether it is a mintmark or a moneyer's symbol. Sydenham notes that the bronze coins with C are sometimes overstruck on Sardinian coins, suggesting a mint in Sardinia. Grueber speculates that the C is a minmark for Canusium.
107-1b-Naville-6-6-2015-wht.jpg
"C", larger head, Denarius, Crawford 107/1bDenomination: Denarius
Era: c. 209-208 BC
Metal: AR
Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma r. with splayed visor; “X” behind; Border of dots
Reverse: Dioscuri r.; above, “C” symbol; in linear frame, “ROMA”.
Mint: Etruria(?)
Weight: 4.32 gm.
Reference: Crawford 107/1b
Provenance: Naville auction, 7-MAY-2017

Comments:
This type with a “C” symbol is of the same fundamental style as the staff symbol 106/3c. presumably both issues from the same mint. The type is somewhat scarce, but the most common of the three other “C” sub-varieties.
Near complete on a large flan, GVF.
86A_1.jpg
"Q" Quinarius, RRC 86A/1Denomination: Quinarius
Era: c. 211 BC
Metal: AR
Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma r. with splayed visor. Hair curl visible on far side of Roma’s neck. Behind, “V”. Border of dots
Reverse: Dioscuri r.; “ROMA” in exergue. “Q” symbol below horses
Mint: S. E. Italy
Weight: 2.11 gm.
Reference: Crawford 86A/1
Provenance: Nomisma E-Live Auction 12, October 2, 2019, Lot 2034

Comments: “Q” symbol quinarius, Not to be confused with the more common Crawford 102/2 Q quinarius varieties. Very scarce, 6 examples in ACSearch at this writing.

Glossy jet black patina(?) Some reverse corrosion, otherwise GVF.
3 comments
juliuscombhoriz~0.jpg
(01) JULIUS CAESARJULIUS CAESAR
AR Denarius 18 - 20 mm 3.41 g
minted FEB-MAR 44 BC
O: LAUR HEAD RIGHT, STAR BEHIND
R: VENUS STANDING L HOLDING VICTORY AND SCEPTER WITH SHIELD
(P Sepullius Macer)
CRAWFORD 480/5b
(ex R. Suarez)
laney
Janus119BCCrawford281_1.jpg
(500a) Roman Republic, 119 BC, M. Furius Philius - Furia 18Roman Republic, 119 BC, M. Furius Philius - Furia 18. Crawford 281/1, Sydenham 529; 19mm, 3.23 grams. aVF, Rome; Obverse: laureate head of Janus, M FORVRI L F around; Reverse: Roma standing left erecting trophy, Galic arms around, PHLI in exergue. Ex Ephesus Numismatics.

Gauis Marius
As a novus homo, or new man, Marius found the rise in the Roman cursus honorum ( "course of honours"-- the sequential order of public offices held by aspiring politicians in the Roman Republic) a daunting challenge. It is certain that he used his old family client contacts and his military relations as a source of support. Among these contacts were the powerful Metelli family, and their early support was to prove to be a disaster for them. Just a few short years after his service as Quaestor, Marius was elected Tribune of the Plebes in 119 BC. In this position so soon after the political turmoil and murder of the Gracchi brothers (Gaius murdered 123 BC), Marius chose to follow the populares path, making a name for himself under similar auspices. As Tribune, he would ensure the animosity of the conservative faction of the Senate, and the Metelli, by passing popular laws forbidding the inspection of ballot boxes. In do doing, he directly opposed the powerful elite, who used ballot inspection as a way to intimidate voters in the citizen assembly elections.

Marius would go on to be elected Consul seven times and figure prominantly in the civil unrest of the early eighties as Lucius Cornelius Sulla's opponent. In 88 BC, Sulla had been elected Consul. There was now a choice before the Senate about which general to send to Asia (a potentially lucrative command): either Marius or Sulla. The Senate chose Sulla, but soon the Assembly appointed Marius. In this unsavory episode of low politics, Marius had been helped by the unscrupulous actions of Publius Sulpicius Rufus, whose debts Marius had promised to erase. Sulla refused to acknowledge the validity of the Assembly's action.

Sulla left Rome and traveled to "his"army waiting in Nola, the army the Senate had asked him to lead to Asia. Sulla urged his legions to defy the Assembly's orders and accept him as their rightful leader. Sulla was successful, and the legions murdered the representatives from the Assembly. Sulla then commanded six legions to march with him opon Rome and institute a civil war.

This was a momentous event, and was unforeseen by Marius, as no Roman army had ever marched upon Rome—it was forbidden by law and ancient tradition.

Sulla was to eventually rule Rome as Dictator. In his book Rubicon, historian Tom Holland argues that Sulla's actions had no lasting negative effect upon the health of the Republic, that Sulla was at heart a Republican. However, once a Roman general has defied Republican tradition, once a Roman general has used his command to combat fellow Romans, once a Roman general has set-up himself as Dictator--it follows that the decision to replicate these decsions (think: Caesar and Rubicon) is that much more easiely taken.

J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.





Cleisthenes
P.Licinius Nerva voting.jpg
(500a113) Roman Republic, P. Licinius Nerva, 113-112 B.C.ROMAN REPUBLIC: P. Licinius Nerva. AR denarius (3.93 gm). Rome, ca. 113-112 BC. Helmeted bust of Roma left, holding spear over right shoulder and shield on left arm, crescent above, * before, ROMA behind / P. NERVA, voting scene showing two citizens casting their ballots in the Comitium, one receiving a ballot from an attendant, the other dropping his ballot into a vessel at right. Crawford 292/1. RSC Licinia 7. RCTV 169. Nearly very fine. Ex Freeman and Sear.

Here is a denarius whose reverse device is one that celebrates the privilege and responsibility that is the foundation of a democratic society; it is a forerunner to the L. Cassius Longinus denarius of 63 B.C. Granted, humanity had a long road ahead toward egalitarianism when this coin was struck, but isn't it an interesting testimony to civil liberty's heritage? "The voter on the left (reverse) receives his voting tablet from an election officer. Horizontal lines in the background indicate the barrier separating every voting division from the others. Both voters go across narrow raised walks (pontes); this is intended to ensure that the voter is seen to cast his vote without influence" (Meier, Christian. Caesar: A Biography. Berlin: Severin and Siedler, 1982. Plate 12). This significant coin precedes the Longinus denarius by 50 years.

J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
2 commentsCleisthenes
LPisoFrugiDenarius_S235.jpg
(502a) Roman Republic, L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi, 90 B.C.Silver denarius, S 235, Calpurnia 11, Crawford 340/1, Syd 663a, VF, rainbow toning, Rome mint, 3.772g, 18.5mm, 180o, 90 B.C. obverse: laureate head of Apollo right, scorpion behind; Reverse naked horseman galloping right holding palm, L PISO FRVGI and control number CXI below; ex-CNA XV 6/5/91, #443. Ex FORVM.


A portion of the following text is a passage taken from the excellent article “The Calpurnii and Roman Family History: An Analysis of the Piso Frugi Coin in the Joel Handshu Collection at the College of Charleston,” by Chance W. Cook:

In the Roman world, particularly prior to the inception of the principate, moneyers were allotted a high degree of latitude to mint their coins as they saw fit. The tres viri monetales, the three men in charge of minting coins, who served one-year terms, often emblazoned their coins with an incredible variety of images and inscriptions reflecting the grandeur, history, and religion of Rome. Yet also prominent are references to personal or familial accomplishments; in this manner coins were also a means by which the tres viri monetales could honor their forbearers. Most obvious from an analysis of the Piso Frugi denarius is the respect and admiration that Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi, who minted the coin, had for his ancestors. For the images he selected for his dies relate directly to the lofty deeds performed by his Calpurnii forbearers in the century prior to his term as moneyer. The Calpurnii were present at many of the watershed events in the late Republic and had long distinguished themselves in serving the state, becoming an influential and well-respected family whose defense of traditional Roman values cannot be doubted.

Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi, who was moneyer in 90 B.C., depicted Apollo on the obverse and the galloping horseman on the reverse, as does his son Gaius. However, all of L. Piso Frugi’s coins have lettering similar to “L-PISO-FRVGI” on the reverse, quite disparate from his son Gaius’ derivations of “C-PISO-L-F-FRV.”

Moreover, C. Piso Frugi coins are noted as possessing “superior workmanship” to those produced by L. Piso Frugi.

The Frugi cognomen, which became hereditary, was first given to L. Calpurnius Piso, consul in 133 B.C., for his integrity and overall moral virtue. Cicero is noted as saying that frugal men possessed the three cardinal Stoic virtues of bravery, justice, and wisdom; indeed in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae, a synonym of frugalitas is bonus, generically meaning “good” but also implying virtuous behavior. Gary Forsythe notes that Cicero would sometimes invoke L. Calpurnius Piso’s name at the beginning of speeches as “a paragon of moral rectitude” for his audience.

L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi’s inclusion of the laureled head of Apollo, essentially the same obverse die used by his son Gaius (c. 67 B.C.), was due to his family’s important role in the establishment of the Ludi Apollinares, the Games of Apollo, which were first instituted in 212 B.C. at the height of Hannibal’s invasion of Italy during the Second Punic War. By that time, Hannibal had crushed Roman armies at Cannae, seized Tarentum and was invading Campania.

Games had been used throughout Roman history as a means of allaying the fears
of the populace and distracting them from issues at hand; the Ludi Apollinares were no different. Forsythe follows the traditional interpretation that in 211 B.C., when C. Calpurnius Piso was praetor, he became the chief magistrate in Rome while both consuls were absent and the three other praetors were sent on military expeditions against Hannibal.

At this juncture, he put forth a motion in the Senate to make the Ludi Apollinares a yearly event, which was passed; the Ludi Apollinares did indeed become an important festival, eventually spanning eight days in the later Republic. However, this interpretation is debatable; H.H. Scullard suggests that the games were not made permanent until 208 B.C. after a severe plague prompted the Senate to make them a fixture on the calendar. The Senators believed Apollo would serve as a “healing god” for the people of Rome.

Nonetheless, the Calpurnii obviously believed their ancestor had played an integral role in the establishment of the Ludi Apollinares and thus prominently displayed
the head or bust of Apollo on the obverse of the coins they minted.

The meaning of the galloping horseman found on the reverse of the L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi coin is more complicated. It is possible that this is yet another reference to the Ludi Apollinares. Chariot races in the Circus Maximus were a major component of the games, along with animal hunts and theatrical performances.

A more intriguing possibility is that the horseman is a reference to C. Calpurnius Piso, son of the Calpurnius Piso who is said to have founded the Ludi Apollinares. This C. Calpurnius Piso was given a military command in 186 B.C. to quell a revolt in Spain. He was victorious, restoring order to the province and also gaining significant wealth in the process.

Upon his return to Rome in 184, he was granted a triumph by the Senate and eventually erected an arch on the Capitoline Hill celebrating his victory. Of course
the arch prominently displayed the Calpurnius name. Piso, however, was not an infantry commander; he led the cavalry.

The difficulty in accepting C. Calpurnius Piso’s victory in Spain as the impetus for the galloping horseman image is that not all of C. Piso Frugi’s coins depict the horseman or cavalryman carrying the palm, which is a symbol of victory. One is inclined to believe that the victory palm would be prominent in all of the coins minted by C. Piso Frugi (the son of L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi) if it indeed signified the great triumph of C. Calpurnius Piso in 186 B.C. Yet the palm’s appearance is clearly not a direct reference to military feats of C. Piso Frugi’s day. As noted, it is accepted that his coins were minted in 67 B.C.; in that year, the major victory by Roman forces was Pompey’s swift defeat of the pirates throughout the Mediterranean.

Chrestomathy: Annual Review of Undergraduate Research at the College of Charleston. Volume 1, 2002: pp. 1-10© 2002 by the College of Charleston, Charleston SC 29424, USA.All rights to be retained by the author.
http://www.cofc.edu/chrestomathy/vol1/cook.pdf


There are six (debatably seven) prominent Romans who have been known to posterity as Lucius Calpurnius Piso:

Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi: (d. 261 A.D.) a Roman usurper, whose existence is
questionable, based on the unreliable Historia Augusta.

Lucius Calpurnius Piso Licinianus: deputy Roman Emperor, 10 January 69 to15 January
69, appointed by Galba.

Lucius Calpurnius Piso: Consul in 27 A.D.

Lucius Calpurnius Piso: Consul in 1 B.C., augur

Lucius Calpurnius Piso: Consul in 15 B.C., pontifex

Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus: Consul in 58 B.C. (the uncle of Julius Caesar)

Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi: Moneyer in 90 B.C. (our man)


All but one (or two--if you believe in the existence of "Frugi the usurper" ca. 261 A.D.) of these gentlemen lack the Frugi cognomen, indicating they are not from the same direct lineage as our moneyer, though all are Calpurnii.

Calpurnius Piso Frugi's massive issue was intended to support the war against the Marsic Confederation. The type has numerous variations and control marks.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius_Calpurnius_Piso
http://www.forumancientcoins.com/catalog/indexfrm.asp?vpar=55&pos=0

Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.


2 commentsCleisthenes
CnCorneliusLentulusMarcellinusARDenariusSear323.jpg
(503f) Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus Silver DenariusCn. Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus Silver Denarius, Sear-323, Cr-393/1a, Syd-752, RSC-Cornelia 54, struck 76-75 BC at Spanish Mint, 3.94 grams, 18 mm. EF. Obverse: GPR above Diademed, draped and bearded bust of the Genius of the Roman People facing right, sceptre over shoulder; Reverse: EX in left field, SC in right field; CN LEN Q in exergue, Sceptre with wreath, terrestrial globe and rudder. An exceptional example that is especially well centered and struck on a slightly larger flan than normally encountered with fully lustrous surfaces and a most attractive irridescent antique toning. Held back from the Superb EF/FDC by a small banker's mark in the right obverse field, but still worthy of the finest collection of Roman Republican denarii. Ex Glenn Woods.

Re: CORNELIA 54:

“Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus may be the same moneyer whose issues have been already described (no.s 702-704). Mommsen suggested that these coins were struck in 74 B.C. as a special issue, authorized by the Senate, to defray the cost of armaments against Mithridates of Pontus and the Mediterranean pirates. But Grueber’s view that they were struck in 76 B.C. by Cn. Cornelius Lentulus acting in the capacity of quaestor of Pompey, seems more in accordance with the evidence of finds" (see: G. ii, p. 359n and The Coinage of the Roman Republic, by Edward A. Sydenham, 1976, pgs. 1).

H. A. Seaby shows the coin with the smaller head (Roman Silver Coins Vol. I, Republic to Augustus pg. 33) while David R Sear shows a coin sporting a larger version (Roman Coins and Their Values, pg. 132).

“Cn. Lentulus strikes in Spain in his capacity as quaestor to the proconsul Pompey, who had been sent to the peninsula to assist Q. Caecillus Metellus Piusagainst sertorius”(Roman Coins and Their Values, by David Sear, Vol.1, 2000, pg. 132).

This is not an imperatorial minted coin for Pompey. At the time these coins were minted the Procounsel Pompey was sent to Spain to aid in the war against Sertorius. The moneyer Cn Lentulus served as his Quaestor where he continued to mint coins for Rome.

CN = Cneaus; LEN = Lentulus

Cneaus was his first name. His last, or family name is Lentulus and this clan is a lesser clan within the Cornelii, which is what his middle name of Cornelius implies.

Q = This tells us that he was a Quaestor, or Roman magistrate with judicial powers at the time when the coin was issued, with the responsibility for the treasury. Had this been a position that he once held it would be noted on the coin as PROQ or pro [past] Questor.

For Further Reading on the Cornelia 54 & 55:

Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum, by H. A. Grueber. London, 1910, Vol. II, pgs. 358, 359, 52, 57

Roman Silver Coins Vol. I, Republic to Augustus, by H.A.Seaby 1952, pgs. 32-33

The Coinage of the Roman Republic, by Edward A. Sydenham, 1976, pgs. 122, 241

Roman Coins and Their Values, by David Sear, Vol.1, 2000, pg. 132, 133

Roman Republican Coinage Volume I by Michael H. Crawford 2001, pg. 407

by Jerry Edward Cornelius, April 2006, THE 81 ROMAN COINS OF THE CORNELIA
http://www.cornelius93.com/Cornelia54.html
1 commentsCleisthenes
LonginusDenarius.jpg
(504c) Roman Republic, L. Cassius Longinus, 63 B.C.Silver denarius, Crawford 413/1, RSC I Cassia 10, SRCV I 364, aVF, struck with worn dies, Rome mint, weight 3.867g, maximum diameter 20.3mm, die axis 0o, c. 63 B.C. Obverse: veiled bust of Vesta left, kylix behind, L before; Reverse: LONGIN III V, voter standing left, dropping tablet inscribed V into a cista.

The reverse of this Longinus denarius captures a fascinating moment when a Roman citizen casts his ballot. "The abbreviation III V [ir] indentifies Longinus as one of the three annually appointed mintmasters (officially called tres viri aere argento auro flando feriundo). A citizen is seen casting his vote into the urn. On the ballot is the letter 'U', short for uti rogas, a conventional formula indicating assent to a motion. The picture alludes to the law, requested by an ancestor of the mintmaster, which introduced the secret ballot in most proceedings of the popular court" (Meier, Christian. Caesar, a Biography. Berlin: Severin and Siedler, 1982. Plate 6).

The date that this denarius was struck possesses unique significance for another reason. Marcus Tullius Cicero (politician, philosopher, orator, humanist) was elected consul for the year 63 BC -- the first man elected consul who had no consular ancestors in more than 30 years. A "new man," Cicero was not the descendant of a "patrician" family, nor was his family wealthy (although Cicero married "well"). Cicero literally made himself the man he was by the power of the words he spoke and the way in which he spoke them. A witness to and major player during the decline of the Roman Republic, Cicero was murdered in 43 BC by thugs working for Marc Antony. But Cicero proved impossible to efface.

Cicero's words became part of the bed rock of later Roman education. As Peter Heather notes, every educated young man in the late Roman Empire studied "a small number of literary texts under the guidance of an expert in language and literary interpretation, the grammarian. This occupied the individual for seven or more years from about the age of eight, and concentrated on just four authors: Vergil, Cicero, Sallust and Terence" (Heather, Peter. The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. 17).


Plutarch: Cicero's Death

But in the meantime the assassins were come with a band of soldiers, Herennius, a centurion, and Popillius, a tribune, whom Cicero had formerly defended when prosecuted for the murder of his father. Finding the doors shut, they broke them open, and Cicero not appearing, and those within saying they knew not where he was, it is stated that a youth, who had been educated by Cicero in the liberal arts and sciences, an emancipated slave of his brother Quintus, Philologus by name, informed the tribune that the litter was on its way to the sea through the close and shady walks. The tribune, taking a few with him, ran to the place where he was to come out. And Cicero, perceiving Herennius running in the walks, commanded his servants to set down the litter; and stroking his chin, as he used to do, with his left hand, he looked steadfastly upon his murderers, his person covered with dust, his beard and hair untrimmed, and his face worn with his troubles. So that the greatest part of those that stood by covered their faces whilst Herennius slew him. And thus was he murdered, stretching forth his neck out of the litter, being now in his sixty-fourth year. Herennius cut off his head, and, by Antony's command, his hands also, by which his Philippics were written; for so Cicero styled those orations he wrote against Antony, and so they are called to this day.

When these members of Cicero were brought to Rome, Antony was holding an assembly for the choice of public officers; and when he heard it, and saw them, he cried out, "Now let there be an end of our proscriptions." He commanded his head and hands to be fastened up over the rostra, where the orators spoke; a sight which the Roman people shuddered to behold, and they believed they saw there, not the face of Cicero, but the image of Antony's own soul. And yet amidst these actions he did justice in one thing, by delivering up Philologus to Pomponia, the wife of Quintus; who, having got his body into her power, besides other grievous punishments, made him cut off his own flesh by pieces, and roast and eat it; for so some writers have related. But Tiro, Cicero's emancipated slave, has not so much as mentioned the treachery of Philologus.

Translation by John Dryden: http://intranet.grundel.nl/thinkquest/moord_cicero_plu.html

Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
Cleisthenes
Q_Nasidius.jpg
0001 Sextus Pompey, Imperator and Prefect of the Fleet [Youngest Son of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey the Great)]Q. Nasidius for Sextus Pompey

Obv: NEPTVNI (open P) downward on the l., bareheaded portrait of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus facing r., trident with prongs pointing upward on the r., dolphin facing r. below neck, banker's mark to r. of bottom of neck. Border of dots.
Rev: Q. NASIDIVS below galley moving r. with billowing sail and bank of rowers, steersman on l. facing r. on stern with star above, pilot on r. facing r. standing on prow. Border of dots.
Denomination: silver denarius; Mint: Sicily, uncertain location1; Date 42 BC2; Weight: 3.87g; Diameter: 19mm: Die axis: 150Âş; References, for example: Cohen 15; Babelon Nasidia 1 and Pompeia 28; BMCRR v. II Sicily 21; Crawford RRC 483/2; Sydenham 1350; CRI 235.

Notes:

Q. Nasidius, a naval commander under Pompey the Great, eventually wound up in the services of Sextus. See Grueber BMCRR v. II Sicily p. 564 and Sear CRI pp. 139 - 140.

1Sydenham, Crawford RRC, and Estiot (2006) place the minting of this coin type in Sicily, but without referencing a location. Grueber BMCRR v. II Sicily also places the minting of this coin in Sicily and hesitatingly suggests the city of Catana. By his own admission "...this attribution is quite conjectural" (p. 557). Sear CRI, however, argues for a completely different location. On the basis of the naval theme and the absence of the title PRAEFâ¦ORAEâ¦MARITâ¦ETâ¦CLASâ¦Sâ¦C, which for him pushes the date of minting to a time prior to April of 43 BC, Sear posits the minting of this coin to Sextus' time at the port of Massilia in southern Gaul.
2This is the date argued for in Estiot (2006) (p. 145), "...possibly around the time just before the beginning of the issue of Sextus Pompieus" imp. iter. praef. clas. et orae marit ex S C. coinage" [translation my own]. Grueber BMCRR v. II Sicily proposes 38 - 36 BC with Sydenham and DeRose Evans (1987) following suit. Crawford RRC suggests 44 - 43 BC.

Provenance: Ex CNG Auction 114 May 13, 2020 Lot 646; From the B. G. Collection, Ex CNG Auction 108 May 16, 2018 Lot 526.

Photo Credits: CNG

CLICK FOR SOURCES
4 commentsTracy Aiello
rr_1073_revised_Large.jpg
0002 Sextus Pompey -- Neptune and Naval TrophySextus Pompey, Imperator and Prefect of the Fleet
[Youngest Son of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey the Great)]
Obv: [MAG or MA (ligatured) G]â¦PIVSâ¦IMPâ¦ITER; Portrait of Neptune facing r., diademed and bearded, trident over l. shoulder. Border of dots.
Rev: [PRAE (AE ligatured) Fâ¦CLASâ¦ETâ¦ORAE (AE ligatured)]â¦MAR (ligatured) ITâ¦EXâ¦Sâ¦Câ¦; Naval trophy with trident on top and anchor on bottom, prow stem on l. and aplustre on r., at base two representations of Charybdis and two dog heads of Scylla. Border of dots.
Denomination: silver denarius; Mint: Sicily, uncertain location1; Date: summer 42 - summer 39 BC2; Weight: 3.89g; Diameter: 17mm; Die axis: 30Âş; References, for example: Sear CRI 333; BMCRR v. II Sicily 15, 16, and 17 variant3; Sydenham 1347 variant3; Crawford RRC 511/2a or 2b4.

Notes:

Obverse legend: MAG[NUS]â¦PIVSâ¦IMP[ERATOR]â¦ITER[UM]
Reverse legend: PRAEF[ECTUS]â¦CLAS[SIS]â¦ETâ¦ORAEâ¦MARIT[IMAE]â¦EXâ¦S[ENATUS]â¦C[ONSULTO]

1Sear CRI, Crawford RRC, Sydenham, and DeRose Evans (1987) all place the minting of this coin type in Sicily, but they do not reference a possible location. Grueber BMCRR v. II Sicily suggests Messana.
2This is the date range argued for in Estiot 2006 (p. 145). Estiot recommends returning to Crawford's proposal of 42 - 40 BC. Crawford RRC, p. 521 suggests the period in 42 BC after Sextus Pompey defeated Q. Salvidienus Rufus. Grueber BMCRR v. II Sicily, p.562 proposes 38 - 36 BC and Sydenham, p. 210 adopts the same datation. DeRose Evans (1987), p. 129 offers a time between late summer 36 and September 36 BC.
3Grueber BMCRR v. II Sicily 15, 16, and 17 and Sydenham 1347 only list a reverse legend containing MAR (ligatured) I but the coin here is MAR (ligatured) IT.
4It is impossible to see the full obverse legend, so it cannot be determined if MA is ligatured or not. The reverse legend is clearly the first variety of 2a or 2b, a variety not found on 2c.

Provenance: Ex Shanna Schmidt Numismatics April 11, 2019; from the collection of W. F. Stoecklin, Amriswil, Switzerland; acquired from Hess AG in Luzern, from the Ernst Haeberlin collection, Cahn & Hess, Frankfurt, July 17, 1933 Lot 2889.

Photo credits: Shanna Schmidt Numismatics

CLICK FOR SOURCES
10 commentsTracy Aiello
Sextus_Pompey_Scylla.jpg
0004 Sextus Pompey -- Pharos and ScyllaSextus Pompey, Imperator and Prefect of the Fleet
[Youngest Son of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey the Great)]
Obv: MAGâ¦PIVSâ¦IMPâ¦ITER; Pharos of Messana, Neptune on top standing r. with r. hand on a trident and l. hand on a rudder, resting l. foot on prow. Galley sailing l., aquila atop a tripod placed in prow and a scepter tied with a fillet in stern. Border of dots.
Rev: PRAEFâ¦ORAEâ¦MARITâ¦ETâ¦CLASâ¦Sâ¦C [AEs and MAR ligatured]; Scylla attacking l. wielding a rudder in both hands, the torso of a nude woman with two fishtails and the foreparts of three dogs as the lower body. Border of dots.
Denomination: silver denarius; Mint: Sicily, uncertain location1; Date: summer 42 - summer 39 BC2; Weight: 3.566g; Diameter: 19.8mm; Die axis: 225Âş; References, for example: BMCRR v. II Sicily 20 variant3, Sydenham 1349 variant3; Crawford RRC 511/4d; Sear CRI 335b.

Notes:

Obverse legend: MAG[NUS]â¦PIVSâ¦IMP[ERATOR]â¦ITER[UM]
Reverse legend: PRAEF[ECTUS]â¦ORAEâ¦MARIT[IMAE]â¦ETâ¦CLAS[SIS]â¦S[ENATUS]â¦C[ONSULTO]

1Grueber BMCRR v. II Sicily, p.557 and Sear CRI, p. 203 suggest Messana as a possible mint location. DeRose Evans (1987), p. 124 hesitatingly suggests Mitylene (on the island of Lesbos).

2This is the date range suggested by Estiot 2006, p. 145, as she recommends going back to Crawford's proposal of 42 - 40 BC. Crawford RRC, p. 521 suggests the period in 42 BC after Sextus Pompey defeated Q. Salvidienus Rufus. Grueber BMCRR v. II Sicily, p.556 proposes 38 - 36 BC. Sydenham, p.211 follows Grueber. DeRose Evans (1987), p. 129 submits 35 BC.

3Grueber BMCRR v. II Sicily 20 and Sydenham 1349 list MAR (ligatured) I but the coin here is clearly MAR (ligatured) IT. Neither Grueber nor Sydenham record MAR (ligatured) IT as part of this reverse legend for this coin type. Crawford and Sear do.

Provenance: Ex Forum Ancient Coins 15 January 2019; Nomos Obolos 10, 30 June 2018 Lot 349.

Photo credits: Forum Ancient Coins

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8 commentsTracy Aiello
rr_1074_revised_Large.jpg
0006 Sextus Pompey -- Pompey the Great and Neptune with Catanaean BrothersSextus Pompey, Imperator and Prefect of the Fleet
[Youngest Son of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey the Great)]

Obv: [MAGâ¦PIVSâ¦IMPâ¦ITER]; portrait of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus r.; behind jug; before lituus. Border of dots.
Rev: above, [PRAE (AE ligatured) F]; in exergue, CLASâ¦ETâ¦[ORAE (AE ligatured)â¦MAR (ligatured) ITâ¦EXâ¦Sâ¦C]; Neptune standing l., wearing diadem, aplustre in r. hand, cloak over l. arm, r. foot on prow,; on either side a Catanaean brother bearing one of his parents on his shoulders1. Border of dots.
Denomination: silver denarius; Mint: Sicily, uncertain location2; Date: summer 42 - summer 39 BC3; Weight: 3.68g; Diameter: 17mm; Die axis: 30Âş; References, for example: Sear CRI 334; BMCRR v. II Sicily 7, 8, 9, and 10; Sydenham 1344; Crawford RRC 511/3a.

Notes:

Obverse legend: MAG[NUS]â¦PIVSâ¦IMP[ERATOR]â¦ITER[UM]
Reverse legend: PRAEF[ECTUS]â¦CLAS[SIS]â¦ETâ¦ORAEâ¦MARIT[IMAE]â¦EXâ¦S[ENATUS]â¦C[ONSULTO]

1Grueber BMCRR v. II Sicily appears a bit hesitant in his pronouncement that the representation of the Catanaean brothers in fact refers to Sextus' title Pius (p. 561), but Sear CRI appears to have no such hesitation when he states "...the type illustrates the theme of 'Pietas' in connection with the assumption of the name Pius." (p.203). DeRose Evans (1987) goes further (pp. 115 - 116), arguing that Sextus chose the Catanaean brothers ("...he consciously identifies himself with the south Italian heroes") as a way to deliberately contrast his Pietas with that of Octavian's.
2Grueber BMCRR v. II Sicily tentatively suggests Catana as a possible location and Sear CRI follows suit.
3This is the date range argued for in Estiot 2006 (p. 145). Estiot recommends returning to Crawford's proposal of 42 - 40 BC. Crawford RRC, p. 521 suggests the period in 42 BC after Sextus Pompey defeated Q. Salvidienus Rufus. Grueber BMCRR v. II Sicily, p.560 proposes 42 - 38 BC and Sydenham, p. 210 follows suit. DeRose Evans (1987), p. 129 offers a time between late summer 36 and September 36 BC.

Provenance: Ex Shanna Schmidt Numismatics 11 June 2019; from the collection of W. F. Stoecklin, Amriswil, Switzerland, acquired from Hess AG in Luzern prior to 1975. Ex Dr. Jacob Hirsch 33, 17 November 1913 Lot 1058.

Photo credits: Shanna Schmidt Numismatics

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4 commentsTracy Aiello
Gnaeus_Pompey_Jr_Denarius.jpg
0008 Gnaeus Pompey Junior, Imperator [Oldest Son of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey the Great)]Obv: M POBLICI LEG PRO counterclockwise from below and PR counterclockwise behind (M. Poblicius, Gnaeus Pompey Jr.’s legatus pro praetore), helmeted head of Roma r. Bead and reel border.
Rev: CN MAGNVS IMP counterclockwise in exergue and on right, Hispania on l. standing r., round shield on her back, two transverse spears in l. hand, presenting palm frond with r. hand to a soldier (Gnaeus Pompey?) standing l. on prow, l. hand resting on pommel of sword in sheath. Border of dots.
Denomination: silver denarius; Mint: Hispania, Cordoba mint; Date: 46 - 45 BC; Weight: 3.659g; Diameter: 19.8mm; Die axis: 180Âş; References, for example: Cohen Pompey the Great 1; Babelon Pompeia 9; BMCRR Spain 72; Sydenham 1035; Sear CRI 48; SRCV 1384; Crawford 469/1a.

Provenance: Ex Forum Ancient Coins July 2, 2022; Roma Numismatics e-sale 95 April 13, 2022 Lot 860; ex Z.P. Collection (Austria).

Photo credits: Forum Ancient Coins

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Tracy Aiello
image~20.jpg
000a. L. Sulla and L. Manlius ToruatusL. Sulla and L. Manlius Torquatus. 82 BC. AR Denarius (18mm, 3.89 g, 7h). Military mint moving with Sulla. Helmeted head of Roma right / Sulla driving triumphal quadriga right, holding branch and reins, being crowned by Victory flying left. Crawford 367/5; Sydenham 757 or 757a; Manlia 4 or 5. Near VF, toned, a few light scratches on the obverse.

From the Elwood Rafn Collection.

As consul for the year 88 BC, Sulla was awarded the coveted assignment of suppressing the revolt of Mithradates VI of Pontus, but political maneuvers resulted in this assignment being transferred to Marius. In response, Sulla turned his army on Rome, captured it, and reclaimed his command against Mithradates. His prosecution of the first Mithradatic War was successful, but he spared the Pontic king for personal gain. In 83 BC, Sulla returned to Italy as an outlaw, but he was able to win the support of many of the leading Romans. Within a year, he fought his way to Rome, where he was elected dictator. It was during this campaign to Rome that this denarius was struck. The obverse type represents Sulla's claim to be acting in Rome's best interest. The reverse shows Sulla enjoying the highest honor to which a Roman could aspire: the celebration of a triumph at Rome.
ecoli
3350438.jpg
000b. Pompey the GreatThe Pompeians. Sextus Pompey. 37/6 BC. AR Denarius (19mm, 3.49 g, 9h). Uncertain Sicilian mint, possibly Catana. Bare head of Pompey the Great right; capis to left, lituus to right / Neptune, holding aplustre and resting right foot on prow, standing left between the Catanaean brothers Anapias and Amphinomus running in opposite directions, bearing their parents on their shoulders. Crawford 511/3a; CRI 334; Sydenham 1344; RSC 17 (Pompey the Great). Fine, lightly toned, bankers’ marks on obverse.

AMPHINOMUS and ANAPIS (or Anapias), two brothers, of Silicy, respecting whom it is related that they saved their parents, at the peril of their own lives, from the flames of Etna, at the moment when an eruption of that volcano threatened their immediate destruction. This was a favourite subject with the ancients, in symbolising filial piety; and is often represented on Greek coins of Catana (Catania), where this noble action is alleged to have been performed. Of these two Sicilian brothers, types of that devoted love, which is ever cherished by good children towards the earthly anthors of their being, Cornelius Severus, alluding to Mount Edna, thus expresses himself: "Amphinomus and his brother, both equally courageous in the performance of a duty, whilst the flames murmured their threats against the neighbouring houses, rescue their decrepid father, and their aged mother."
1 commentsecoli
Caesar_AR-Den-plated_CAESAR-elephant-right__Syd-1014_Crawf_443-1_C-49_Gaul-mint_49-48-BC_Q-002_5h_17x20mm_2,26g-s~0.jpg
001 Caesar (100-44 B.C.), AR-denarius, Crawf 443-1, Plated (Fouree), Military mint travelling with Caesar (Gaul), #2001 Caesar (100-44 B.C.), AR-denarius, Crawf 443-1, Plated (Fouree), Military mint travelling with Caesar (Gaul), #2
avers:-CAESAR in exergue, elephant right, trampling on serpent.
revers:- Simpulum, sprinkler, axe (surmounted by a wolf's head) and priest's hat.
exerg:-/-//CAESAR, diameter: 17-20mm, weight: 2,66g, axes: 5h,
mint: Military mint travelling with Caesar (Gaul), date: 49-48 B.C., ref: Crawford-443/1, Sydneham-1006, RSC-49, BMCRR (Gaul) 27
Q-002
"This is the first coin struck in the name of Julius Caesar. The symbolism on the obverse apparently alludes to the conquest of good over evil, Caesar's victory over the Gauls, while the reverse refers to Caesar's possession of the office of Pontifex Maximus."
1 commentsquadrans
Caesar,_AR-Den,_CAESAR,_elephant_r_,_Syd-1014,_Crawf_443-1,_C-49,_Gaul-mint,_49-48-BC,_Q-002,_4h,_18,5-19mm,_3,93g-s.jpg
001 Caesar (100-44 B.C.), Crawf 443-1, Military mint traveling with Caesar (Gaul), AR-denarius, #1001 Caesar (100-44 B.C.), Crawf 443-1, Military mint traveling with Caesar (Gaul), AR-denarius, #1
avers: CAESAR in exergue, elephant right, trampling on a serpent.
reverse: Simpulum, sprinkler, axe (surmounted by a wolf's head) and priest's hat.
exergue: -/-//CAESAR, diameter: 18,5-19,0mm, weight: 3,93g, axes: 4h,
mint: Military mint travelling with Caesar (Gaul), date: 49-48 B.C., ref: Crawford-443/1, Sydenham-1006, RSC-49, BMCRR (Gaul) 27
Q-001
"This is the first coin struck in the name of Julius Caesar. The symbolism on the obverse apparently alludes to the conquest of good over evil, Caesar's victory over the Gauls, while the reverse refers to Caesar's possession of the office of Pontifex Maximus."
4 commentsquadrans
Caesar_AR-Den_CAESAR-elephant-right__Syd-1006_Crawf_443-1_C-49_Gaul-mint_49-48-BC_Q-001_axis-7h_xxmm_x,xxxg-s.jpg
001 Caesar (100-44 B.C.), Crawf 443-1, Military mint traveling with Caesar (Gaul), AR-denarius, #2001 Caesar (100-44 B.C.), Crawf 443-1, Military mint traveling with Caesar (Gaul), AR-denarius, #2
avers: CAESAR in exergue, elephant right, trampling on a serpent.
reverse: Simpulum, sprinkler, axe (surmounted by a wolf's head) and priest's hat.
exergue: -/-//CAESAR, diameter: 19mm, weight: 3,65g, axes: 10h,
mint: Military mint travelling with Caesar (Gaul), date: 49-48 B.C., ref: Crawford-443/1, Sydenham-1006, RSC-49, BMCRR (Gaul) 27
Q-002
"This is the first coin struck in the name of Julius Caesar. The symbolism on the obverse apparently alludes to the conquest of good over evil, Caesar's victory over the Gauls, while the reverse refers to Caesar's possession of the office of Pontifex Maximus."
quadrans
Caesar_AR-Den-plated_CAESAR-elephant-right__Syd-1014_Crawf_443-1_C-49_Gaul-mint_49-48-BC_Q-002_5h_17x20mm_2,26g-s.jpg
001 Caesar (100-44 B.C.), Crawf 443-1, Military mint traveling with Caesar (Gaul), AR-denarius, Plated (Fouree), #1001 Caesar (100-44 B.C.), Crawf 443-1, Military mint traveling with Caesar (Gaul), AR-denarius, Plated (Fouree), #1
avers: CAESAR in exergue, elephant right, trampling on a serpent.
reverse: Simpulum, sprinkler, axe (surmounted by a wolf's head) and priest's hat.
exergue: -/-//CAESAR, diameter: 17-20mm, weight: 2,66g, axes: 5h,
mint: Military mint travelling with Caesar (Gaul), date: 49-48 B.C., ref: Crawford-443/1, Sydenham-1006, RSC-49, BMCRR (Gaul) 27
Q-001
"This is the first coin struck in the name of Julius Caesar. The symbolism on the obverse apparently alludes to the conquest of good over evil, Caesar's victory over the Gauls, while the reverse refers to Caesar's possession of the office of Pontifex Maximus."
quadrans
Caesar_AR-Den_Diademed-Venus-Head-Right_C·CAESAR_–_IMP·COS·ITER_A·ALLIENVS_–_PRO·COS_Syd-1022_Crawf_457-1_C-13_Sicily-mint_47-BC_Q-001_axis-9h_17-18,5mm_3,53g-s.jpg
001 Caesar (100-44 B.C.), Crawf 457-1, Sicily, AR-denarius, A•ALLIENVS PRO•COS, Trinacrus standing left,001 Caesar (100-44 B.C.), Crawf 457-1, Sicily, AR-denarius, A•ALLIENVS PRO•COS, Trinacrus standing left,
avers: C•CAESAR IMP•COS•ITER, Diademed, draped Venus Head Right,
reverse: A•ALLIENVS PRO•COS, Trinacrus standing left, placing the right foot on prow, holding triskeles in right hand and cloak in left.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 17-18,5mm, weight: 3,59g, axes: 6h,
mint: Sicily, date: 47B.C., ref: Crawford-457/1, Sydenham-1022, Babelon-Julia-14, Alliena-1, C-1,
Q-001
"In late 47 B.C. Caesar was on Sicily, preparing for his assault on the Pompeian forces in north Africa. During this period a small issue of denarii was produced in his name by Aulus Allienus, then the proconsul of Sicily. The reverse shows a figure of Trinacrus, supposedly a son of Neptune, who may have been invented to account for the name Trinacria, commonly used for Sicily. The coins of Allienus must have seen considerable circulation: almost all surviving specimens are considerably worn."
3 commentsquadrans
Caesar_AR-Den_Diademed-Venus-Head-Right_CAESAR_Syd-1013_Crawf_458-1_Aeneas_C-13_Africa-mint_47-46-BC_Q-001_axis-6h_16,5mm_3,59ga-s.jpg
001 Caesar (100-44 B.C.), Crawf 458-1, Africa, AR-denarius, CAESAR, Aeneas advancing left, #1001 Caesar (100-44 B.C.), Crawf 458-1, Africa, AR-denarius, CAESAR, Aeneas advancing left, #1
avers:- Diademed Venus Head Right,
revers:- CAESAR, Aeneas advancing left, holding palladium and carrying Anchises on his shoulder.
exerg: -/-//--, diameter: 16,5-17mm, weight: 3,59g, axes: 6h,
mint: Military mint travelling with Caesar in North Africa, date: 47-46 B.C., ref: Crawford-458/1, Sydneham-1013,
Q-001
1 commentsquadrans
Caesar_AR-Den_Diademed-Venus-Head-Right_CAESAR_Syd-1013_Crawf_458-1_Aeneas_C-13_Africa-mint_47-46-BC_Q-002_axis-6h_16,5mm_3,33ga-s.jpg
001 Caesar (100-44 B.C.), Crawf 458-1, Africa, AR-denarius, CAESAR, Aeneas advancing left, #2001 Caesar (100-44 B.C.), Crawf 458-1, Africa, AR-denarius, CAESAR, Aeneas advancing left, #2
avers:- Diademed Venus Head Right,
revers:- CAESAR, Aeneas advancing left, holding palladium and carrying Anchises on his shoulder.
exerg: -/-//--, diameter: 16,5mm, weight: 3,33g, axes: 6h,
mint: Military mint travelling with Caesar in North Africa, date: 47-46 B.C., ref: Crawford-458/1, Sydneham-1013,
Q-002
quadrans
Caesar_AR-Den_Diademed-Venus-Head-Right_CAESAR_Syd-1013_Crawf_458-1_Aeneas_C-13_Africa-mint_47-46-BC_Q-003_axis-6h_17-19mm_3,23g-s.jpg
001 Caesar (100-44 B.C.), Crawf 458-1, Africa, AR-denarius, CAESAR, Aeneas advancing left, #3001 Caesar (100-44 B.C.), Crawf 458-1, Africa, AR-denarius, CAESAR, Aeneas advancing left, #3
avers:- Diademed Venus Head Right,
revers:- CAESAR, Aeneas advancing left, holding palladium and carrying Anchises on his shoulder.
exerg: -/-//--, diameter: 17-19mm, weight: 3,23g, axes: 6h,
mint: Military mint travelling with Caesar in North Africa, date: 47-46 B.C., ref: Crawford-458/1, Sydneham-1013,
Q-003
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Caesar_AR-Den_Diademed-Venus-Head-Right_CAESAR_Syd-1014_Crawf_468-1_C-13_Spanish-mint_46-45-BC_Q-001_axis-7h_xxmm_x,xxxg-s.jpg
001 Caesar (100-44 B.C.), Crawf 468-1, Spanish, AR-denarius, CAESAR, Gallia and Gaulish captive seated,001 Caesar (100-44 B.C.), Crawf 468-1, Spanish, AR-denarius, CAESAR, Gallia and Gaulish captive seated,
avers: No legends, Diademed head of Venus right, Cupid on her shoulder.
revers: Gallia and Gaulish captive seated beneath trophy of Gallic arms, CAESAR below.
exerg: -/-//CAESAR, diameter: 18mm, weight: 3,92g, axes: 5h,
mint: Spanish, date: 46-45 B.C., ref: Crawford-468/1, Sydneham-1014,
Q-001
2 commentsquadrans
145234.jpg
001. Julius CaesarJulius Caesar. 49-48 BC. AR Denarius (18mm, 3.60 g). Military mint traveling with Caesar. Elephant walking right, trampling on serpent / Simpulum, sprinkler, axe (surmounted by a wolf’s head), and priest’s hat. Crawford 443/1; CRI 9; Sydenham 1006; RSC 49. VF, toned
Ex-Cng
4 commentsecoli
105141.jpg
001. MARK ANTONYJULIUS CAESAR and MARK ANTONY. 43 BC.

Hardly any of his assassins survived Caesar for more than three years, or died a natural death. They were all condemned, and they perished in various ways---some by shipwreck, some in battle; some took their own lives with the self-same dagger with which they had impiously slain Caesar.

Fourré Denarius (19mm, 3.63 gm).

Obv: Bare head of Mark Antony right; lituus behind
Rev: Laureate head of Julius Caesar right, jug behind.
Ref: Crawford 488/1; CRI 118; Sydenham 1165; RSC 2. Near VF, porous, several large breaks in plating revealing the copper core.
Source: Ex Classical Numismatic Group 55 (13 September 2000), lot 1087.
Ex CNG Electronic Auction 105 lot 141 229/150
BFBV

I don't usually buy fourres; but in reality, I have no chance of owning this popular type given my budget.
1 commentsecoli
Marcus-Antonius_LEG-XII_Before-and-After_.jpg
001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), AR-denarius, Crawf 544-26, LEG-XII, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, praetorian galley right, Before and After the Cleaning001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), AR-denarius, Crawf 544-26, LEG-XII, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, praetorian galley right,
avers:- LEG-XII, legionary eagle (aquila) between two standards.
revers:- ANT-AVG-III-VIR•R•P•C•, praetorian galley right.
exerg: -/-//--, diameter: 17-18,5mm, weight: 3,39g, axes: 5h,
mint: Legionary Denarius, date: 32-31 B.C., ref: Crawford-544/26, Sydneham-1230, RSC-41,
Before and After the Cleaning
Q-001
2 commentsquadrans
Marcus-Antonius_AR-Den_LEG-II_ANT-AVG-III__VIR_R_P_C__Crafw-_Syd-_RSC-_Q-001_5h_17,5mm_3,29ga-s.jpg
001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-14, AR-denarius, LEG II, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-14, AR-denarius, LEG II, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,
avers: LEG II, legionary eagle (Aquila) between two standards.
reverse: ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley sailing right, mast with banners at the prow.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 17,5mm, weight: 3,29g, axes: 5h,
mint: Legionary Denarius, date: 32-31 B.C., ref: Crawford-544/14, Sydenham-1216, RSC-27, BMCRR East 185-225; Babelon: Antonia 101; Sydenham 1212 ; Catalli 2001,886.
Q-001
1 commentsquadrans
Marcus-Antonius_AR-Den_LEG-III_ANT-AVG-III__VIR_R_P_C__Crafw-_Syd-_RSC-_Q-001_9h_18,5-20mm_2,89g-s.jpg
001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-15, AR-denarius, LEG III, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-15, AR-denarius, LEG III, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,
avers: LEG III, legionary eagle (Aquila) between two standards.
reverse: ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley sailing right, mast with banners at the prow.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 18,5-20mm, weight: 2,89g, axes: 9h,
mint: Legionary Denarius, date: B.C., ref: Crawford- 544/15, Sydenham-1217, RSC-28,
Q-001
quadrans
Marcus-Antonius_AR-Den_LEG-IV_ANT-AVG-III__VIR_R_P_C__Crafw-544-17_Syd-1219_RSC-30_Q-001_7h_17-18mm_3,36gx-s.jpg
001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-17, AR-denarius, LEG IV, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-17, AR-denarius, LEG IV, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,
avers: LEG IV, legionary eagle (Aquila) between two standards.
reverse: ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley sailing right, mast with banners at the prow.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 17-18mm, weight: 3,36g, axes: 7h,
mint: Legionary Denarius, date: B.C., ref: Crawford- 544/17, Sydenham-1219, RSC-30,
Q-001
2 commentsquadrans
Marcus-Antonius_AR-Den_LEG-VI_ANT-AVG-III__VIR_R_P_C__Crafw-544-19_Syd-1223_RSC-33_Q-001_5h_17,5-18mm_3,35g-s.jpg
001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-19, AR-denarius, LEG VI, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-19, AR-denarius, LEG VI, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,
avers: LEG VI, legionary eagle (Aquila) between two standards.
reverse: ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley sailing right, mast with banners at the prow. Nice Countermark above the galley.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 17,5-18mm, weight: 3,35g, axes: 5h,
mint: Legionary Denarius, date: B.C., ref: Crawford- 544/19, Sydenham-1223, RSC-33,
Q-001
quadrans
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001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-21, AR-denarius, LEG VIII, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-21, AR-denarius, LEG VIII, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,
avers: LEG VIII, legionary eagle (Aquila) between two standards.
reverse: ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley sailing right, mast with banners at the prow.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 17,5mm, weight: 3,47g, axes: 10h,
mint: Legionary Denarius, date: B.C., ref: Crawford-544/21, Sydenham-1225, RSC-35,
Q-001
quadrans
Marcus-Antonius_AR-Den_LEG-XI_ANT-AVG-III__VIR_R_P_C__Crafw-_Syd-_RSC-_Q-001_5h_17,5mm_3,29g-s.jpg
001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-25, AR-denarius, LEG XI, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-25, AR-denarius, LEG XI, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,
avers: LEG XI, legionary eagle (Aquila) between two standards.
reverse: ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley sailing right, mast with banners at the prow.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 17,5mm, weight: 3,29g, axes: 5h,
mint: Legionary Denarius, date: B.C., ref: Crawford-544/25, Sydenham-1229, RSC-39,
Q-001
quadrans
Marcus-Antonius_AR-Den_LEG-XII_ANT-AVG-III__VIR_R_P_C__Crafw-544-26_Syd-1230_RSC-41_Q-001_5h_17-18,5mm_3,39-s.jpg
001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-26, AR-denarius, LEG XII, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-26, AR-denarius, LEG XII, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,
avers: LEG XII, legionary eagle (Aquila) between two standards.
reverse: ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley sailing right, mast with banners at the prow.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 17-18,5mm, weight: 3,39g, axes: 5h,
mint: Legionary Denarius, date: 32-31 B.C., ref: Crawford-544/26, Sydenham-1230, RSC-41,
Q-001
1 commentsquadrans
Marcus-Antonius_AR-Den_LEG-XII_ANT-AVG-III__VIR_R_P_C__Crafw-544-26_Syd-1230_RSC-41_Q-001_5h_17-18,5mm_3,39ga-s.jpg
001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-26, AR-denarius, LEG XII, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right, #1001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-26, AR-denarius, LEG XII, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right, #1
avers: LEG XII, legionary eagle (Aquila) between two standards.
reverse: ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley sailing right, mast with banners at the prow.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 17,0-18,5mm, weight: 3,39g, axes: 5h,
mint: Legionary Denarius, date: 32-31 B.C., ref: Crawford 544/26, Sydenham 1230, RSC 41,
After Cleaning
Q-001
1 commentsquadrans
001a_Marcus_Antonius,_AR-Den,_LEG-XII,_ANT_AVG_III__VIR_R_P_C_,_Crafw_544-26,_Syd_1230,_RSC_41,_Q-002,_0h,_16,5-18,0mm,_3,13g-s.jpg
001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-26, AR-denarius, LEG XII, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right, #2001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-26, AR-denarius, LEG XII, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right, #2
avers: LEG XII, legionary eagle (Aquila) between two standards.
reverse: ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley sailing right, mast with banners at the prow.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 16,5-18,0mm, weight: 3,13g, axes: 0h,
mint: Legionary Denarius, date: 32-31 B.C., ref: Crawford 544/26, Sydenham 1230, RSC 41,
Q-002
3 commentsquadrans
Marcus-Antonius_AR-Den_LEG-XV_ANT-AVG-III__VIR_R_P_C__Crafw-544-30_Syd-1235_RSC-30_Q-001_5h_16,8-17mm_2,72g-s.jpg
001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-30, AR-denarius, LEG XV, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-30, AR-denarius, LEG XV, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,
avers: LEG XV, legionary eagle (Aquila) between two standards.
reverse: ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley sailing right, mast with banners at the prow.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 16,8-17mm, weight: 2,72g, axes: 5h,
mint: Legionary Denarius, date: 32-31 B.C., ref: Crawford-544/30, Sydenham-1235, RSC-47,
Q-001
"Legion XV Apollinaris was raised by Caesar in Gallia Cisalpina in 53 BC. In the time of Augustus-Tiberius, the legion was stationed in Ljubljana, then in Carnuntum, and later in Alexandria, and took part in the Jewish War and the capture of Jerusalem. In the 2nd and 3rd century the legion fought mainly in the East against the Parthians."
1 commentsquadrans
Marcus-Antonius_AR-Den_LEG-XIX_ANT-AVG-III__VIR_R_P_C__Crafw-544-35_Syd-1242_RSC-55_Q-001_5h_18mm_3,44-s.jpg
001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-35, AR-denarius, LEG XIX, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,001a Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), Crawf 544-35, AR-denarius, LEG XIX, ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley right,
avers: LEG XIX, legionary eagle (Aquila) between two standards.
reverse: ANT AVG III VIR•R•P•C•, Praetorian galley sailing right, mast with banners at the prow.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 18mm, weight: 3,44g, axes: 5h,
mint: Legionary Denarius, date: 32-31 B.C., ref: Crawford-544/35, Sydenham-1242, RSC-55,
Q-001
1 commentsquadrans
jul_caesar~0.jpg
001a. Julius CaesarBorn in a patrician family, but he became identified as an advocate for the Roman public, as opposed to the Senatorial class. In 60 BC, he, Crassus, and Pompey formed the First Triumvirate. This alliance crumbled and Pompey became an opponent. Caesar had major successes in his campaigns in Gaul, but faced a political crisis in Rome. As a result, he occupied Rome with his legions in 49 BC. He won the civil war against Pompey and his adherents, but generally pardoned his opponents. He was appointed as dictator, first for limited terms and then for life. He was assassinated on 15 March 44 BC.

Coin: Denarius. 46-45 BC. Spanish mint. Obv: Diademed head of Venus right, Cupid on her shoulder. Rev: CAESAR below Gallia and Gaulish captive seated beneath trophy of Gallic arms. Crawford 468/1.
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jul_caesar.jpg
001a1. Julius CaesarDenarius. 46-45 BC. Spanish mint.Obv: Diademed head of Venus right, Cupid on her shoulder. Rev: CAESAR below Gallia and Gaulish captive seated beneath trophy of Gallic arms. Crawford 468/1.lawrence c
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001a2. Julius CaesarDenarius
47-46 BC
North African mint.
Obv: Head of Venus right.
Rev: CAESAR to right of Aeneas walking left, carrying his father Anchises on his shoulder and palladium in his right hand.
RSC 12. Crawford 458/1.
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67A1B669-753F-47E9-A0C8-DC11980C015C.jpeg
001b. FulviaThe Triumvirs. Mark Antony. Late summer-autumn 43 BC. AR Quinarius (13mm, 1.62 g, 12h). Lugdunum (Lyon) mint. Winged bust of Victory right, with the likeness of Fulvia / Lion walking right; DVN[I] (retrograde and inverted) above, [LVGV] in exergue; [A] to left, X [L] to right (= 40, Antony’s age at time of issue). Crawford 489/5; Lyon 2; King 75; CRI 122; Sydenham 1160; Fulvia 4; RBW 1712. Fine, toned, banker’s mark on the reverse.

Ex Davissons 28 (17 December 2009), lot 73.
ecoli
decius2.jpg
001c. Decimus BrutusDecimus Junius Brutus Albinus (27 April 81 BC – September 43 BC) was a supporter of Caesar, and Caesar reportedly was very fond of him, naming him a secondary heir in his will. Brutus was a very successful military commander He later was one of Caesar's assassins. He should not be confused with his relative Marcus Brutus (of much greater fame). In the later civil war, he fought against Mark Antony, but Octavian gave him little support. He was killed by a Gallic chief loyal to Mark Antony.

Coin: Denarius. 48 BC. 17.7mm, 3.84 g. Rome mint. Obv: Bust of Pietas right, with earring and pearl necklace. PIETAS right. Rev: Clasped hands holding winged caduceus. ALBINVS BRVTI F below. Crawford 540/2. Sydenham 942. A FORUM coin.
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albinus.jpg
001c. Junius Brutus AlbinusDenarius
48 BC
17.7mm, 3.84 g.
Rome mint.
Obv: Bust of Pietas right, with earring and pearl necklace. PIETAS right.
Rev: Clasped hands holding winged caduceus. ALBINVS BRVTI F below.
Crawford 540/2. Sydenham 942.
NOTE: Decimus Brutus struck this as a supporter of Caesar. He later was one of Caesar's assassins. He should not be confused with his relative Marcus Brutus (of much greater fame).

A FORUM coin.
1 commentslawrence c
4240358.jpg
001c. LepidusThe Triumvirs. Lepidus and Octavian. November-December 43 BC. AR Denarius (18mm, 3.35 g, 10h). Military mint traveling with Lepidus in Italy. Bare head of Lepidus right / Bare head of Octavian right. Crawford 495/2a; CRI 140; Sydenham 1323; RSC 2a. Near Fine, toned, struck off center, bankers’ marks.ecoli
jr.jpg
001d. Pompey JuniorCnaeus Pompey Jr. Elder son of Pompey. After battle of Pharsalus, he joined the remnants of the Pompeian faction in continuing to fight Caesar. Executed in 45 BC after losing battle of Munda.

Coin: Denarius. 20mm, 3.70 g. Corduba mint, Summer 46-Spring 45 BC. Marcus Poblicius, legatus pro praetore. Obv: M POBLICI LEG PRO, behind, P R. Helmeted head of Roma right within bead and reel border. Rev: CN MAGNVS IMP. Hispania standing right, shield on her back, holding two spears over shoulder and presenting palm frond to Pompeian soldier standing left on prow, armed with sword. Crawford 469/1a; CRI 48; Sydenham 1035; RSC 1 (Pompey the Great). From the Peter J. Merani Collection. CNG Auction 490, Lot 159.
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001d1. Pompey Jr.Cnaeus Pompey Jr.
Denarius. 20mm, 3.70 g. Corduba mint, Summer 46-Spring 45 BC.
Marcus Poblicius, legatus pro praetore. Obv: M POBLICI LEG PRO, behind, P R. Helmeted head of Roma right within bead and reel border. Rev: CN MAGNVS IMP. Hispania standing right, shield on her back, holding two spears over shoulder and presenting palm frond to Pompeian soldier standing left on prow, armed with sword. Crawford 469/1a; CRI 48; Sydenham 1035; RSC 1 (Pompey the Great). From the Peter J. Merani Collection. CNG Auction 490, Lot 159.

NOTE: Elder son of Pompey. Executed in 45 BC after losing battle of Munda.
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