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2nd - 1st Century BC, IRON AGE BRITAIN, Tribe: Cantii, AE Potin, Minted between 100 and 30 BCObverse: No legend. Crude outline of head facing right; pellet within circle in centre.
Reverse: No legend. Crude lines representing a bull facing left, crescents above.
Flat Linear type, Class 1
Found, Thames Valley region, England
Diameter: 17mm | Weight: 1.9gms | Axis: 3h
BMC: 667-714 | SPINK: 63
The Cantii produced the first coins to be actually made in Britain.
These coins were cast in strips which were then cut into separate coins and as a result often retain characteristic cut edges from the runlets which joined them together.
THE CANTII (or Cantiaci)
The Cantii (after whom Kent and Canterbury are named) were the major tribal group in the South East region of England, bordered by the Atrebates, Regni and Catuvellauni.
This region was heavily influenced by continental cultures on the periphery of the early Roman world and this resulted in the Cantii producing the first coins actually made in Britain. These are known as “potins” and they were produced between the mid 2nd to the mid 1st century BC. The earliest versions are known as Kentish Primary, or Thurrock, types. Comparatively the later types, like those from the recently discovered Hillingdon Hoard, are of the “flat linear” type, which uses simplified and abstracted images. Similar coins from the late Iron Age have been found, but in much smaller quantities.
The word “potin” is of French origin and is used to describe these early coins which were cast in clay moulds from a copper alloy with a high tin content. They would have been shiny and silver-coloured when new, and though occasionally examples have turned up which retain this colouration, most coins by the time they get dug up have a characteristic black patina from tin oxidation. These were cast in strips which were then cut into separate coins and as a result often retain characteristic cut edges from the runlets which joined them together. The moulds themselves were made using “master” matrices of copper alloy which were cast with the design for one side of a coin in high relief and pressed into the clay. A rare example of a mould of this type was found a few miles west of the Surrey border in Hampshire.
The designs of the majority of potins found in England derive ultimately from coins produced in the Greek colonial Mediterranean city of Massalia (modern Marseilles) in southern Gaul in the late 4th century BC. These coins featured a head of Apollo on the obverse and a charging bull on the reverse. They were originally imported from the continent and later locally copied in the mid 2nd century BC, in the form of what are known as “Thurrock” types, which adhere closely to the original design. Later forms, known as “flat linear” types, greatly simplified this design into deep abstraction, ultimately reducing the head of Apollo to an outline and the bull to a trapezoidal arrangement of lines
We don’t know what these coins were called by the people who made them, or what they were worth in fiscal terms, but they are generally only found in south east England, which probably reflects the limits of the political and economic influence of the Cantii themselves. It isn't even clear what the role of these Iron Age coins actually was, though it is likely that they assisted in the maintenance of some kind of social power structure. Coins were not generally used as day to day currency by the people of Britain in the 1st and 2nd centuries BC, so apart from any monetary transactions, their range of uses probably included the storage of wealth, use as political tribute, and / or votive objects used as offerings to the gods.
CLICK ON MAP BELOW TO ENLARGE IT
 *Alex
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1795- MoFM Mexico Spanish Colonial 8 Reales of Charles IIII - [KM-109 -- Charles IIII]Chopmarked, 0.7797 ounce silver 8 Reales (also known as the pillar dollar), 26.65g, 39.62mm, 0 degree, Mexico City, Mexico Mint [Mo -- small 'o' set over a large 'M'], 179[5]
Obv. - • CAROLUS IIII • DEI • GR[ATIA] •, laureate bust of Charles IIII right
Rev. - • HISPAN • ET IND • REX • Mo • 8R • F • M •, coat of arms of Spain
This coin was sold as a 1794 chopmarked 8 Reale. Upon inspection in hand under high magnification and different lighting conditions, as well as inspection of large, quality pictures on the computer allowing for color/contrast/levels manipulation, and I have determined this coin to actually be from 1795. The '5', although extremely worn is visible under the correct conditions and comparisons of the worn number morphology to other 179x coins lends credence to this finding.
The reverse is just as interesting and challenging. Although the mintmark is almost completely worn off, the assayer of FM ensures that the coin is of Mexico City, Mexico mintmark.
The coat of arms of Spain, a crown crown flanked by columns and a middle shield includes the national motto PLVS VLTRA spread across the two columns. PLVS VLTRA (PLUS ULTRA) translates to "further beyond." It is adopted from the personal motto of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (and King of Spain as Charles I) and is a Latin translation from Plus Oultre, his original motto in Old French.
Although this coin is quite worn in certain areas, it has a lovely tone and great character. The numerous different chopmarks just add to the appeal. This coins was bought as a conversation piece as I have always found them interesting, albeit with knowing next to nothing concerning them. However, after doing some research, I have come to appreciate it much more and may follow suite with further additions. In any case, I plan on further reading into the subject area.
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Purchased from Regal Coin Exchange in Savannah, GArenegade3220
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1804 GEORGE III AR BANK OF ENGLAND DOLLAR Obverse: GEORGIUS III DEI GRATIA REX. Laureate and draped bust of George III facing right.
Reverse: BANK OF ENGLAND 1804. Britannia, seated left, holding a branch and spear, her left arm resting on a shield which in turn rests on a cornucopia, a beehive is in the background to the left; all within a garter inscribed FIVE SHILLINGS DOLLAR. The garter is surmounted by a castellated "crown" of five circular stone turrets.
Spink 3768; Obverse die A, Reverse die 2
Diameter: 41mm | Weight: 26.7gms | Die Axis: 11
SPINK: 3768
This portrait of George III was designed by Conrad Heinrich Kuchler (c.1740 - 1810), this is marked by C. H. K. in raised letters on the truncation at the king's shoulder. The reverse, which was also designed by Kuchler has the raised initial K in the triangular space between the shield, cornucopia, and Britannia's dress. Kuchler moved to Birmingham in 1795 and designed many of the coins and medals which were struck at Matthew Boulton's SOHO mint.
On this coin there are enough traces of the host coin discernible on the reverse, near the edge between 'BANK' and 'OF', and on the obverse below the bust to make an accurate identification of the undertype possible. It was overstruck on a Spanish Colonial 8 Reales minted at Potosi in Bolivia which bore the date 1806.
Note on George III Bank of England Silver Dollars
Although George III reigned for sixty years from 1760 to 1820, the only crowns issued were in the last three years of his reign, apart from these Bank of England dollars issued as an emergency measure.
There had been a persistent shortage of silver coins throughout most of George's reign, and the Bank of England attempted to alleviate this by counter-marking Spanish colonial 8-Reale pieces (the "pieces of eight" of pirate legend) with a punch bearing the head of George III. When this counter-mark was enthusiastically counterfeited, the bank resorted to counter-stamping the entire coin. Most survivors were struck on Mexican or Peruvian 8-Reale pieces, though a few have been found to be struck on issues from Spain proper. Although these Bank of England dollars are all dated 1804, they were issued every year until 1811, and occasionally the dates of Spanish 8 Reales minted after 1804 can be discerned on them. In 1811, to take account of the increase in the value of silver, the Bank of England dollar coins were revalued at 5s6d and they stayed at this value until they were withdrawn from circulation in 1817, by which time a massive silver re-coinage was being undertaken.*Alex
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20 spanish colonial cobs and bronze coinsminted between XVI to XVIII century. Most of them from Philippus II, III and IV reigns in XVII century. _11700Antonivs Protti
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238-244 AD - Gordian III - Moushmov 0033 - ViminaciumEmperor: Gordian III (r. 238-244 AD)
Date: 242-243 AD
Condition: Very Fine
Size: AE22
Obverse: IMP GORDIANVS PIVS FEL AVG
Imperator Gordian Dutiful and Wise Emperor
Bust right; radiate, draped and cuirassed
Reverse: P M S C-OL VIM
Moesia standing between a lion and a bull.
AN IIII in exergue (Year 4 of the Colonial Era of Viminacium = 242/3 AD).
Mint: Viminacium, Moesia Superior
Moushmov 33
7.98g; 22.9mm; 30°Pep
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251 AD - Hostilian - Viminacium - Moesia with Lion and Bull ReverseEmperor: Hostilian (r. 251 AD)
Date: 251 AD
Condition: aFine
Size: AE26
Obverse: IMP C VAL HOST M QVINTVS AVG
Imperator Caesar Valens Hostilian Messius Quintus Emperor
Bust right; laureate
Reverse: P M S C-OL VIM
Moesia standing between a lion (right) and a bull (left).
Exergue: ANXII (Year 12 of the Colonial Era of Viminacium = 251 AD)
Mint: Viminacium, Moesia Superior
12.64g; 26.7mm; 345°Pep
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Augustus ( Octavian) Colonial Patricia, Spain 27 BCE-14 CEObverse: PER ACE AVG, head of Octavian to the left.
Reverse: COLO PATR, Aspergilo (holy water sprinkler),
prefericulo (peripheral ring), lituo (curved stick used for worship)
and patera (shallow bowl).
14 mm., 2.0 g., AB 1566
sold 2-2018NORMAN K
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![colonial_patricia[1].jpg](albums/userpics/32314/thumb_colonial_patricia%5B1%5D.jpg "Filename=colonial_patricia[1].jpg
Filesize=189KiB
Dimensions=869x388
Date added=Oct 07, 2015")
Augustus (Octavian) Colonial Patricia, Spain 27 B.C.E. - 14 C.E.Obverse - PER ACE AVG. Head of Octavio to the left
Reverse - COLO PATR. Aspergilo, prefericulo, lituo and patera.
14 mm., 2.0g. AB 1566NORMAN K
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Augustus and Livia , Colonial Romula (Seville), Minted by TiberusAugustus and Livia, minted by Tiberius, 14 Aug 19 - 16 Mar 37 A.D.
This coin associates Livia with globe and crescent symbols and refers to her as Augusta Genetrix Orbis, Sacred Mother of the World. This extraordinary title was never official and is not used on any other coin type for any empress.
5474. Orichalcum dupondius, RPC I 73, Alverez Burgos 1587, aF, Colonia Romula mint, 25.1g, 33.4mm, 180°, obverse PERM DIVI AVG COL ROM, Augustus radiate head right, star above, thunderbolt right; reverse IVLIA AVGVSTA GENETRIX ORBIS, Livia head left on globe, crescent above;
sold 4-2018NORMAN K
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Augustus, 27 BC - 14 ADObv: No legend, oak-wreathed head of Augustus facing right within a dotted border.
Rev: CAESAR / AVGVSTVS in two lines above and below two laurel branches within a linear boarder.
Silver Denarius, Uncertain Spanish mint (Colonial Patricia), 20 - 16 BC
3.657 grams, 18.5 mm, 180°
RIC I 51, RSC 47, S1600 (var.), VM 52
Ex: FORVMMatt Inglima
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BCC M130 Caesarea Tyche Galley MinimaCaesarea Minima
Anonymous 3rd Century CE
Caesarea Mint
Obv:Turreted head of Tyche,
right, somewhat crudely rendered.
Rev: Galley to right, with scalloped
line and dots, below (representing
waves, or snake?).
AE12.5mm 0.94gm. Axis:270
cf. Hamburger #63; cf. BCC M98-M107
Surface find Caesarea Maritima, 1970's
J. Berlin Caesarea Collection
Hamburger assigned this type to the mint
at Caesarea based on the frequency of finds
(125 pieces in his collection), as well as the
importance of the galley to the harbor of
Caesarea. He suggests a date spanning the
early to late 3rd century CE based on the
popularity of the bust of Tyche on colonial
coinage from that era. See: H. Hamburger,
“Minute Coins from Caesarea Maritima”
Atiqot, Vol.1, 1954 #59-#74.v-drome
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BCC M98-M102Caesarea Minimae
Five minute coins from Caesarea Maritima
Mint: Caesarea?
Obv:Head of Tyche, or female head,
often crudely rendered.
Rev: Various styles of galley.
M98: 13x11mm 0.79gm. Axis:300
M99: 12 x 11.5mm 0.97gm Axis:270 cf. Ham# 65
M100: 10mm 0.53gm Axis: 150 cf. Ham# 59
(same reverse die?)
M101: 10mm 0.44gm Axis:210 cf. Ham# 66
M102: 10mm 0.55gm Axis:30 cf . Ham# 70
Hamburger assigned this type to the mint at
Caesarea because of the frequency of finds,
as well as the importance of the galley to the
harbor of Caesarea. He suggests a date of early
through late 3rd century CE based on the
popularity of the bust of Tyche on colonial
coinage from that era.
H. Hamburger “Minute Coins from Caesarea
Maritima” Atiqot, Vol.1, 1954. #59-#74
(click for higher resolution)
v-drome
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Bottle/Unguentarium #3Roman
c. 1st – 2nd century AD
83 mm
(3.25”)
Description:
Piriform body, slight constriction at the base of the cylindrical neck, flared rim.
Ex-Marius-Victor-Ernest Dumas Collection. Acquired in Tunisia between c. 1890-1920. M. Dumas was Controleur Civile (French colonial administrator) of the city of Sousse in Tunisia prior to World War I. This piece, along with Dumas’ entire collection of Roman and North African antiquities, remained in his family for a century in the Haute-Savoie region of France.Kamnaskires
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BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY (COLONIAL INDIA, BRITISH)1808
Copper, 10 (X) Cashlaney
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BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY (COLONIAL INDIA, BRITISH)1808
Copper 20 (XX) Cashlaney
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Carthage, Zeugitania Ae UnitAE Unit
Size: 16 mm, Weight: 3.31 grams, Die Axis: 6h
Carthage, Zeugitania
400 - 350 BCE
Obverse: Wreathed bust of Tanit to left, wearing triple-drop earring.
Reverse: Horse standing to right, palm tree behind, three pellets in triangular formation to right.
References: CNP 194s
Purchased from Colonial Coins & Medals Brisbane, 2004Pharsalos
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Chulalongkorn Coat of ArmsChulalongkorn (Rama V--Chakri Dynasty) Coat of Arms
Origin/Meaning:
The arms of the Kingdom of Siam were created during the reign of King Chulalongkorn the Great, Rama V, when the Kingdom was exposed to Western traditions, ideas, and also European threat of colonialism. King Chulalongkorn, who visited Europe twice, modernized Siam and adopted many of the European traditions to his court, including the use of heraldry.
On the top of the coat of arms is the Great Victory Crown of Thailand, the most important royal regalia and the symbol of kingship. Under the crown is the symbol of the Royal House of Chakri, the King's royal family, which is a disc intersected with a trident. The royal multi-tiered umbrellas of state are also present on either side of the crown. To both sides of the coat of arms are the other regalia, the royal sword and the royal baton. In the background is the draped robe - either the Royal robe of the King or the robe of the Order of Chulachomklao - an order created by the King. The supporters are two (again) mythical creatures, one is the Royal Lion, rajasiha, and the other is Elephant Lion, gaja-siha.
The shield itself is partitioned into three parts, signifying the Thai part of the Kingdom (the 3-headed elephant) on the top, the Laotian suzerainty (another elephant), and the Malay suzerainty (two "kris", or Malayan short swords).
The chain under the Arms is a necklace that is a part of the Order of Chulachomklao.
The ribbon under the Arms is inscribed with the motto (in Pali, the language of the Buddhist canon) which may be translated as "Unity brings happiness".
When the present seal (the Garuda) was made the State symbol, King Chulalongkorn's great arms were no longer used as a State symbol, however, it still adorns the hats of Thai police officers to this day.
Literature : Information provided by Apirat Sugondhabhirom
________________________________________
Sitemap © Ralf Hartemink 1996, -
Cleisthenes
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Claudius - as colonial, AntiochiaSC in wreathantvwala
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Clay Pipe- Late Colonial USALate 1700s. I found this on the bottom of a lake in MA. It has the initials L.E. on it and was found with another pipe with the date 1787 inscribed.JRoME
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Colonial Currency, Delaware: 10 Shillings, January 1, 1776 (Fr#DE-79) BackQuant.Geek
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Colonial Currency, Delaware: 10 Shillings, January 1, 1776 (Fr#DE-79) FrontQuant.Geek
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Colonial Currency, New Jersey: Three Shillings, March 25, 1776 (Fr#NJ-177) BackQuant.Geek
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Colonial Currency, New Jersey: Three Shillings, March 25, 1776 (Fr#NJ-177) FrontQuant.Geek
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Colonial Currency, New York: £3 February 16, 1771 (Fr#NY-165)Quant.Geek
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Colonial Currency, New York: £3 February 16, 1771 (Fr#NY-165)Quant.Geek
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Colonial Currency, Pennsylvania: Two Shillings & Six Pence, October 25, 1775 (Fr#PA-188)Quant.Geek
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Colonial Currency, Pennsylvania: Two Shillings & Six Pence, October 25, 1775 (Fr#PA-188)Quant.Geek
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Colonial Currency, Rhode Island: Four Dollars, July 2, 1780 (Fr#RI-285) BackQuant.Geek
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Colonial Currency, Rhode Island: Four Dollars, July 2, 1780 (Fr#RI-285) FrontQuant.Geek
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Colonial Currency, Rhode Island: Two Shillings and 6 Pence, May 1786 (Fr#RI-293) BackQuant.Geek
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Colonial Currency, Rhode Island: Two Shillings and 6 Pence, May 1786 (Fr#RI-293) FrontQuant.Geek
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Colonial Currency, Rhode Island: £3 Pounds, May 1786 (Fr#RI-301) BackQuant.Geek
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Colonial Currency, Rhode Island: £3 Pounds, May 1786 (Fr#RI-301) FrontQuant.Geek
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Colonial Currency, South Carolina: Three Shillings & Nine Pence, April 10, 1778 (Fr#SC-146) BackQuant.Geek
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Colonial Currency, South Carolina: Three Shillings & Nine Pence, April 10, 1778 (Fr#SC-146) FrontQuant.Geek
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Colonial Currency, South Carolina: Two Dollars, December 23, 1776 (Fr#SC-136a)Quant.Geek
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Colonial Currency, South Carolina: Two Dollars, December 23, 1776 (Fr#SC-136a)Quant.Geek
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Colonial Currency, South Carolina: Two Shillings & Six Pence, April 10, 1778 (Fr#SC-145) BackQuant.Geek
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Colonial Currency, South Carolina: Two Shillings & Six Pence, April 10, 1778 (Fr#SC-145) FrontQuant.Geek
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Colonial Mexico, Ferdinand VII, King of Spain, 1808 - 1833 A.D., 1821 D CG 8RSilver 8 reales, KM 111.2, aVF, areas of pitting, Durango mint, weight 26.755g, maximum diameter 38.6mm, die axis 0o, 1821 A.D.; obverse •FERDIN • VII • DEI • GRATIA •, laureate and draped bust of Ferdinand right, date 1821 below; reverse • HISPAN • ET IND • REX • D • 8R • C • G •, crowned Spanish coat of arms, flanked by pillars of Hercules draped with banner reading "PLVS VLTRA;" ex FORVM.
The Spanish dollar (also known as the piece of eight, the real de a ocho or the eight-real coin) is a silver coin, of approximately 50mm Ø, worth eight reales, that was minted in the Spanish Empire after a Spanish currency reform in 1497. Its purpose was to correspond to the German thaler. It was the coin upon which the US dollar was based, and it remained legal tender in the United States until the Coinage Act of 1857 discontinued the practice. Because it was widely used in Europe, the Americas, and the Far East, it became the first world currency by the late 18th century. Many existing currencies, such as the Canadian dollar, United States dollar, and the Chinese yuan, as well as currencies in Latin America and the Philippine peso, were initially based on the Spanish dollar and other 8-reales coins.
Silver 8 real coin of Ferdinand VII of Spain, 1821
Cleisthenes
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Colonial Train StationKuala Lumpur Colonial Train Station.
Built by the British during Colonial times. In this shot the building is covered in Malaysian flags to celebrate independence day.rexesq
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Commodus, Antioch, Men, AE 22Commodus, Antioch, Men, AE22. 22mm, 4.21g. Obverse: COMMODVS ANTONINVS; laureate head left. Reverse: ANTIOCHAE COLONEIAE; Men standing, holding statue of Nike on globe; foot on Bukranion; l. rooster. Attribution: Krzyzanovska 'Monnaies coloniales d’Antioche de Pisidie' 145, IX, 12. Ex areich; photo credit areichPodiceps
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Conder Token: Washington "Grate," Middlesex 283aObv: G. WASHINGTON THE FIRM FRIEND OF PEACE & HUMANITY, military bust of George Washington facing right.
Rev: PAYABLE BY CLARK & HARRIS 13 WORMWOOD ST. BISHOPSGATE - LONDON - 1795, fire grate.
Edge: Milled
Half Penny Conder Token
Note: This token is also listed among American colonial pieces.
Dalton & Hamer: Middlesex 283aMatt Inglima
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Crawford 332/1, ROMAN REPUBLIC, T. Cloulius, AR QuinariusRome. The Republic.
T. Cloulius, 98 BCE.
AR Quinarius (1.94g; 17mm).
Rome Mint.
Obverse: Laureate head of Jupiter, facing right; D control mark below
Reverse: Victory crowning trophy with wreath; T·CLOVLI between; captive seated below and carnyx to left of trophy; Q in exergue.
References: Crawford 332/1b; Sydenham 586a; BMCRR 1103; Cloulia 2.
The silver quinarius, a half-denarius denomination, was introduced as part of the denarius reform of the silver coinage circa 212 BCE. The early quinarius and its fraction-sibling, the sestertius, were discontinued just a few years after their initial introduction. However, the contemporaneous victoriatus, a coin produced on the drachm standard largely for trade with Greek communities, continued in production until about 170 BCE. By the close of the second century and later, many worn victoriati continued to circulate but were valued as quinarii because of wear and their debased fabric. Thus, when the Romans reissued the quinarius, they employed the victoriatus imagery of Jupiter/Victory crowning trophy. Indeed, these new quinarii were referred to as victoriati. The denomination was particularly popular in Gaul and often turns up in first century Gallic hoards.
This quinarius was struck by T. Cloulius, a partisan of Marius. The carnyx near the trophy on the reverse refers to Marius’ victories over invading Gauls in 102-101 BCE. The coins may have been issued in connection with Marius giving colonial lands to the veterans of these Gallic victories. No obverse control mark has more than one die. The reverse exergual letter Q likely refers to the moneyer's office of quaestor rather than a denominational mark.
Carausius
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Crawford 332/1, ROMAN REPUBLIC, T. Cloulius, AR QuinariusRome. The Republic.
T. Cloulius, 98 BCE.
AR Quinarius (1.79g; 16mm).
Rome Mint.
Obverse: Laureate head of Jupiter, facing right; O control mark below
Reverse: Victory crowning trophy with wreath; T·CLOVLI between; captive seated below and carnyx to left of trophy; Q in exergue.
References: Crawford 332/1b; Sydenham 586a; BMCRR 1103; Cloulia 2.
Provenance: Ex Boston Museum of Fine Arts Collection [Triton I (2-3 Dec 1997), Lot 2313 (part)], acquired before 1968.
The silver quinarius, a half-denarius denomination, was introduced as part of the denarius reform of the silver coinage circa 212 BCE. The early quinarius and its fraction-sibling, the sestertius, were discontinued just a few years after their initial introduction. However, the contemporaneous victoriatus, a coin produced on the drachm standard largely for trade with Greek communities, continued in production until about 170 BCE. By the close of the second century and later, many worn victoriati continued to circulate but were valued as quinarii because of wear and their debased fabric. Thus, when the Romans reissued the quinarius, they employed the victoriatus imagery of Jupiter/Victory crowning trophy. Indeed, these new quinarii were referred to as victoriati. The denomination was particularly popular in Gaul and often turns up in first century Gallic hoards.
This quinarius was struck by T. Cloulius, a partisan of Marius. The carnyx near the trophy on the reverse refers to Marius’ victories over invading Gauls in 102-101 BCE. The coins may have been issued in connection with Marius giving colonial lands to the veterans of these Gallic victories. No obverse control mark has more than one die. The reverse exergual letter Q likely refers to the moneyer's office of quaestor rather than a denominational mark.
The coin was formerly part of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts collection. In 1997, the MFA deaccessioned a group of 890 coins which had been acquired by the MFA between 1872 and 1968. Carausius
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Danish-Norwegian colonial coinIssued in the city of Tranquebar in modern day Tamil Nadu.
Late 1600s
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Danish-Norwegian colonial coinDanish-Norwegian colonial coin
Issued in the city of Tranquebar in modern day Tamil Nadu.
Late 1600s
JayAg47
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Edward VII. AR Rupee. India, British Colonial. Bombay (Mumbai), 1905. Dies by George William de Saulles. EDWARD VII KING & EMPEROR, bare head right / ONE RUPEE INDIA, legend in three lines, denomination in Urdu and date below; crown above, spray of lotus flowers to left and right. KM 508. 11.66g, 30.6mm, 12h.
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Elagabal, Mezopotamia, Edessa, avers:-
revers:-
exe: , diameter: 16,5mm, weight: 3,24g, axis: 6h,
mint: , date: , ref:
Q-001quadrans
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German Misery and Ignominy Thalersilvered bronze coin, 38.25mm, 19.41g, 0°
struck by L. Chr. Lauer, Nürnberg, 1923
design by Wittig-Friesen
obv. DEUTSCHER / NOT UND SCHMACH / TALER
broken sword
at lower border LAUER NÜRNBERG
rev. SCHWARZE SCHMACH UND KULTURSCHANDE AM RHEIN *
French colonial soldier hassles nude German woman with bayonet
below in small letters WITTIG-FRIESEN
Translation:
obv. German / misery and ignomony / thaler
rev. Black ignomony and cultural outrage on the Rhine
A racist propaganda medal against the French occupation of the Ruhr 1923Jochen
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Germany, Nurnberg- silver ducat klippe, 1650This is one of my favorite non-gold holeys. I had long wanted a klippe and I still want more, but they aren't always cheap. I traded a high grade (unholed) Spanish colonial 2-reales piece for this one, and have been very happy with the swap. You've got to love the little boy with a stick horse. When I saw the design, I simply HAD to have this. lordmarcovan
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Gordian III Antioch PisidiaAE 34mm , 24.7gm
Obverse:IMP CAES M ANT GORDIANOVS AVG, Laureate, Draped, and cuirassed bust right.
Reverse: VICTORIA DOMINI ANTI COLONI, Nike advancing left with wreath, Inverted RS in field.
BMC 96: Krzyzanowska, Monnaies coloniales d'Antioche de Pisidie, obv. die XIV, rev. die 70, citing the BM specimen, which is therefore from the same dies: SNG France 3, 1213, Same dies:
Jerome Holderman
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Gordian III- Moesia Gordian III, 29 July 238 - 25 February 244 A.D., Viminacium, Moesia
Obverse:
Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right
IMP CAES M ANT GORDIANVS AVG
IMP: Imperator, leader of the army
CAES: Caesar
M: Marcus
ANT: Antonius
GORDIANVS: Gordianus
AVG: Augustus, emperor
Reverse:
P M S COL VIM AN I
PMS: Provincia Moesia Superios
COL: Colonial, Colony
VIM: Viminacium
AN I: Anno 1, year 1 = 238 AD
Moesia standing facing, head left, extending hands to bull and lion standing at feet on either side
Domination: Copper AE3, size 17 mm
Mint: Nicaea, 238 - 244 A.D
Comment: Gordian III, Nicaea, Bithynia. This three standards reverse is the commonest Provincial coin there is, closely followed by that other coin from Viminacium
Peter Wissing
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Guyane Française, Office Colonial Pénitentiaire.1 franc, laiton, 28 mm
Double perforation, contremarque wagon de mines.
Av./ RESERVE A LA MAIN D'OEUVRE PENITENTIAIRE // O.C.P.
Rv./ 1 F
Réfs : - -
Gabalor
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Hostillian ViminaciumProvincial Viminacium MOESIA SUPRIOR.Hostilian . ViminaciumProvincial Viminacium MOESIA SUPRIOR.
27 mm, 11.38 g. Obv.: Laureate, draped bust right. Legend: C VAL HOST M
QVINTVS C Rev.: Moesia standing left bull and lion. Legend: P M S COL
VIM In exergue: AN XII (year 12 of the Colonial Era of Viminacium).
Ref.: D. Sear Greek Imperial coins and their values., p. 412, 4291 Coin # 27
cars100
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Ireland/Colonial America, Georg I., (1714-1727 A.D.), Bristol S:6601, Cu-1/2 Penny, HIBERNIA•1723, Hibernia seated left, #1Ireland/Colonial America, Georg I., (1714-1727 A.D.), Bristol S:6601, Cu-1/2 Penny, HIBERNIA•1723, Hibernia seated left, #1
avers: GEORGIUS•DEI•GRATIA•REX•, Laureate head right.
reverse: HIBERNIA•1723, Hibernia seated left, leaning on a harp.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 25,5mm, weight: 7,52g, axis: 6h,
mint: ,date: 1723 A.D., ref: Bristol S:6601, Cu-1/2 Penny,
Q-001
William Wood's Coinage (also used in North America). quadrans
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Julia Domna, Monnaies coloniales d'Antioche de Pisidie, p. 156 and pl.XV, obv. die XVII, rev. die 36Pisidia, Antioch mint, Julia Domna, 193-217 A.D. AE, 24mm 5.82g, Krzyzanowska, Monnaies coloniales d'Antioche de Pisidie, p. 156 and pl.XV, obv. die XVII, rev. die 36, citing a specimen in Vienna (per C. Clay)
O: IVLIA AVGVSTA, draped bust right
R: . COE . MEN ANTIOC, Men, draped & wearing Phrygian hat, standing facing, head right, right foot on head of bull and crescent on shoulders; holding scepter in left hand, right arm holding globe surmounted by Nike walking right with trophy on shoulder; cock at foot left
casata137ec
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Late Roman (Arcadius?) AE2, GLORIA ROMANORVMSo why is this in my gallery, you ask? Looks like something you'd maybe see in a $1.00 pick bin, doesn't it? Well, the truth is, it cost me less than that, because I FOUND it. Here... in GEORGIA. I was walking a sand roadbed on a colonial site in Liberty County, GA, casually looking for artifacts, though I didn't even have my metal detector with me. In a washout caused by recent rains, I noticed a gunflint from an 18th century firearm and some old plantation-era pottery sherds. And this, lying right there exposed in the washout. Though it's possible it was lost the day before I found it, I doubt that. I think it had been there 150-200 years. I have two pet theories. Either it was lost by an early collector (a famous 19th century antiquarian happened to have lived nearby), or it came over a bit before that, on a boat from England during the colonial era. In the early colonial period, small change was so scarce in this area that people spent just about any kind of coin they could get their hands on. I've dug some pretty strange stuff. This might have circulated as a farthing in the 1700s, and I guess nobody would have given it much thought at the time.lordmarcovan
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Livia and Augustus, Colonial Romula (Seville), Minted by TiberusAugustus and Livia, minted by Tiberius, 14 Aug 19 - 16 Mar 37 A.D.
This coin associates Livia with globe and crescent symbols and refers to her as Augusta Genetrix Orbis, Sacred Mother of the World. This extraordinary title was never official and is not used on any other coin type for any empress.
5474. Orichalcum dupondius, RPC I 73, Alverez Burgos 1587, aF, Colonia Romula mint, 25.1g, 33.4mm, 180°, obverse PERM DIVI AVG COL ROM, Augustus radiate head right, star above, thunderbolt right; reverse IVLIA AVGVSTA GENETRIX ORBIS, Livia head left on globe, crescent above;NORMAN K
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MODERN MILLED (up to 19th Century), INDIA, Portugese Colonial, Jose I 1750 - 1777, Copper Atia, 1768.India. Portugese Colonial. Jose I 1750 - 1777. Copper Atia 1768. Crowned arms divide DO / Numerals of date in cross angles.
KM 38
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MODERN MILLED (up to 19th Century), INDIA, Portugese Colonial, Luiz I 1861 - 1889, Copper 1/8 tanga, 1881.India. Portugese Colonial. Luiz I 1861 - 1889. Copper 1/8 tanga 1881. LUDOVIGVS.I. PORTUGAL. ALGAEB: REX. 1881, head left / INDIA PORTUGAL, crown, OITAVO DE TANGA.
KM 307
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MODERN MILLED (up to 19th Century), India. French colonial. Pondicherry. Copper Doudou 1720 - 1835.India. French colonial. Pondicherry. Copper Doudou 1720 - 1835. Tamil mint. LIS
KM 35
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Mysia, Kyzikos, c. 4th Century B.C.,Mysia, Kyzikos, c. 4th Century B.C.,
avers:- Wreathed head of Kore Soteira right, within dotted circle,
revers:- Tripod, ΚΥZΙ−ΚΗΝΩΝ on either side, monogram to left, long torch below.
exe: -/-//--, diameter: 24-26 mm, weight: 7,99 g, axis: 0 h,
mint: Kyzikos, Mysia, c. 4th Century B.C.,
date: c. 4th Century B.C.,
ref: ,
Q-001quadrans
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Netherlands 1745 Zeelandia - Silver Two StuiversZeelandia, Silver 2 Stuivers. Struck 1745.
Sometimes called a "New York Dime" Being one of the first currencies to be widely used in the New World.
obv: 2 S - Rampant Lion in water on coat of arms with crown atop.
rev: ZEE LAN DIA. .1745. - Castle Turret above, between two stars.
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-rexesq
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Netherlands 1745 Zeelandia - Silver Two Stuivers w/ Lincoln cent.Zeelandia, Silver 2 Stuivers. Struck 1745.
Sometimes called a "New York Dime" Being one of the first currencies to be widely used in the New World.
obv: 2 S - Rampant Lion in water on coat of arms with crown atop.
rev: ZEE LAN DIA. .1745. - Castle Turret above, between two stars.
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~~*Shown with USA Lincoln Cent for size comparison*~~
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~
rexesq
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Netherlands 1745 Zeelandia - Silver Two Stuivers w/ Lincoln cent.Zeelandia, Silver 2 Stuivers. Struck 1745.
Sometimes called a "New York Dime" Being one of the first currencies to be widely used in the New World.
obv: 2 S - Rampant Lion in water on coat of arms with crown atop.
rev: ZEE LAN DIA. .1745. - Castle Turret above, between two stars.
---
~~*Shown with USA Lincoln Cent for size comparison*~~
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~rexesq
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R., Macedonia, Thessalonika, 011p Gaius (Caligula) and Antonia Minor, (37-41 A.D.), RPC I 1573, AE22, Head of Antonia left, Scarce! #1R., Macedonia, Thessalonika, 011p Gaius (Caligula) and Antonia Minor, (37-41 A.D.), RPC I 1573, AE22, Head of Antonia left, Scarce! #1
avers: Γ.KAIΣAP ΣEBAΣTOΣ, Laureate head of Gaius Caligula left,
reverse: ΓEPMANIKOΣ C(?)E.ΘEΣΣAΛONIKEΩN, Head of Antonia Minor left.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 22,0mm, weight: 9,07g, axis: 5h,
mint: City: Thessalonica, Region: Macedonia, Province: Macedonia, date: 37-41 A.D.,
ref: RPC I 1573, Touratsoglou, Caligula 3-11, 21-4,
19 Specimens
Q-001quadrans
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Rama V, King Chulalongkorn the Great (1853- 1910 AD), ThailandKing Rama V, AR, 1 baht, R.S. 126, 1907 AD, 31m, 14.9 g, Royal Mint: Bangkok. Obverse: head of Rama V facing L, King's "first" name (สมเด็จพระปรมินทรมหาจุฬาลงกรณ์) above, his "last" name (พระจุลจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว) below . Reverse: The Coat of Arms of Chulalongkorn--On the top of the coat of arms is the Great Victory Crown of Thailand, the most important royal regalia and the symbol of kingship. Under the crown is the symbol of the Royal House of Chakri, the King's royal family, which is a disc intersected with a trident. The royal multi-tiered umbrellas of state are also present on either side of the crown. To both sides of the coat of arms are the other regalia, the royal sword and the royal baton. In the background is the draped robe - either the Royal robe of the King or the robe of the Order of Chulachomklao - an order created by the King. The supporters are two mythical creatures, one is the Royal Lion, rajasiha, and the other is Elephant Lion, gaja-siha. The shield itself is partitioned into three parts, signifying the Thai part of the Kingdom (the 3-headed elephant) on the top, the Laotian suzerainty (another elephant), and the Malay suzerainty (two "kris", or Malayan short swords). The chain under the Arms is a necklace that is a part of the Order of Chulachomklao. The ribbon under the Arms is inscribed with the motto (in Pali, the language of the Buddhist canon) which may be translated as "Unity brings happiness." Khrueng Thep (กรุงสยาม--Bangkok) left, Rama V (รัชกาลที่) right, one baht (บาทหนึ่ง) below. RS 126 has the regnal date 40 over the 127; EF, Rare.
Rama V, King Chulalongkorn the Great (1853- 1910 AD); during his 42-year reign, King Chulalongkorn (the fifth king of the Chakri Dynasty) succeeded in establishing a government based on the western system, which ultimately paved the way for the present democracy. He reformed the rule of law, established a proper judicial system and introduced compulsory military service, improving the country's national defense. He introduced the Baht (still in use today) as the official currency and made taxes directly payable to the government, cutting out the corrupt middlemen. King Chulalongkorn also set up Siam's first hospital based on western medical practices, the first medical school and a nationwide education system.
The Thai Nation rightly reveres King Chulalongkorn. The preservation of Thailand's sovereignty and independence, in contrast to other Asian countries that capitulated to colonialism, was a direct result of his efforts. His skills of diplomacy abroad and ability to form a central government at home endeared him to the people. His reign was one of the most successful of any monarch in any country in the world and through his vision and leadership; a small, traditional Kingdom was transformed into a modern Nation at the heart of Asian affairs.
(http://www.chiangmai-chiangrai.com/chulalongkorn_rama_5.html)
On his first enthronement, King Chulalongkorn issued a royal decree that all the people born during his reign would be born free; he had determined that slavery should eventually disappear from his realm. In order not to create a social upheaval suddenly, King Rama V took gradual measures to release slaves to freedom, and in 1905 he issued a law for the abolition of slavery. Thus the Thai people won freedom without any struggle.
The first public museum was established by King Rama V in 1880 at the Concordia Building inside the Grand Palace compound. Later, when the viceroy or Uparat position was replaced by the crown Prince position, the Palace of the Uparat or the Front Palace was vacant. In 1887 the museum was moved to the Front Palace and developed to be the National Museum.
In 1917, Siam (Thailand) opened its first university. It was named after this beloved King: Chulalongkorn University was referred to as "the Harvard of Asia" by President Bill Clinton of the United States.
Cleisthenes
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ROMAN EMPIRE - DOMITIAN - PHILIPPOPOLISDomitian Philipopolis AE 25 - Ares. Philipopolis mint AE 25 mm, 6.73 g. Domitian AD 81-96 Interesting bilingual coin. The obverse legend is using Latin alphabet and the reverse legend - Greek. This is very unusual practice that exist in the early colonial coins minted in Philipopolis. Obv.: Radiate head right. Legend in Latin IMP CAES DOMIT GERM COS XIIII CENS PER P P Rev.: Ares (Mars) standing left, holding spear and leaning hand on a shield. Legend in Greek PHILIPOPOLEITON. Moushmov 5063dpaul7
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ROMAN EMPIRE PROVINCIAL, SEVERUS ALEXANDER (222-235 AD) AE19 of NICAEA, BITHYNIA(4.4g). Obv: Bust right (MAVPCEVHALEXANDPOCA). Rev: 3 Standards with legend between (N/IK/AI/E). Reference for this coin is BMC 103. This city was built by Antigonus and then named Antigonia. Later enlarged by Lysimachus and renamed Nicaea in honor of his wife. It was the site of the Council of Nicaea in 325 AD.
BMC 103
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RPC 2304 DomitianÆ26, 14.79g
Caesarea Maritima mint, 83-? AD
Obv: IMP DOMITIANVS CAES AVG GERMANICVS; Head of Domitian, laureate, r.
Rev: No legend; Minerva standing on prow, r., holding shield and spear; on l., trophy; on r., palm branch; owl at Minerva's feet
RPC 2304 (6 spec.). Hendin 1454.
Acquired from Aegean Numismatics, March 2022.
The Roman authorities of Caesarea Maritima, capital of the province of Judaea, struck several issues of bronze coinage with Latin legends for local circulation under Domitian. This undated middle bronze (2 assaria) featuring the title Germanicus in the obverse legend must post date 83, the probable year of Domitian's Germanic victory over the Chatti. The Roman style portrait and Minerva reverse mirroring contemporaneous Rome types hints at close coordination with the central authorities back in Rome.
NB: The figure on the reverse is considered to be Minerva and not Athena due to the Latin legend and connection with the local colonial Roman authorities.
David Atherton
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SELEUKID KINGDOM--PRE-COLONIAL2nd Century BC
(Time of Cleopatra Thea and Antiochos VIII)
AE 15.5 mm; 2.81 g
O: Jugate heads of the Dioskouroi right;
R: ANTIOXEΩN TΩN / EN ΠTOΛEMAI∆I or similar, cornucopia, monogram outer left
GALILEE, AKE (ACCO) PTOLEMAISlaney
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Septimius Severus -as colonial, NicopolisAnv: Sept. Severus - Rev: Heracles
scarceantvwala
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Septimius Severus Denarius UrbsAR Denarius
Septimius Severus, 193-211 CE
Diameter: 18 mm, Weight: 3.23 grams, Die axis: 6h
Obverse: SEVERVS AVG PART MAX
Laureate bust to right.
Reverse: RESTITVTOR VRBIS
Severus, wearing military dress, standing left and sacrificing over tripod while holding spear.
Mint: Rome
References: RIC 167a
Notes:
- Refers to the urban renewal program begun in Rome circa 201 CE
- Severus was awarded the title of Parthia Maximus in 198 CE
- Severus denarii minted after 198 had a target weight of 3.4 grams and a silver purity of 56%.
Purchased from Colonial Coins & Medals, Brisbane, 2011Pharsalos
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Sherd Subset: Greek #2c. 5th century BC
Calpe, Spain
Description:
Greek colonial blackware potsherds. With one exception, all sherds here were surface finds (by the previous owner) from 1966 at the Penyal d’lfac in Calpe, Spain. This coastal site was close to the speculated location of Alonis, a Greek settlement mentioned by ancient authors including Stephanus of Byzantium.Kamnaskires
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Spain- Taragona- The Forum and Basilica Square with statue The colonial Forum
All Roman towns had a large square (forum) that was the political, social and business centre of town.
Architecturally, it was a large space surrounded by arcades and varius public buildings, separated into different areas- the religious and the civil. The sacred area was presided over by a temple dedicated to the Capatoline Triad (Jupiter, Juno and Minerva) or the deified emperor. This temple may have been accompanied by others of less importance. The civil area contained various buildings, the most important of which was probably the basilica, which served as a courthouse, a social meeting place, and the curia, or seat of the council composed of the city´s dignitaries.
Today only the basilica is preserved. This building is divided into three sections, separated by Corinthian columns, and was built in the period of Augustus (in the years before the birth of Christ). It housed the court, or aedes augusti. In front of the basilica there was a square, with various statues, on which several of the city´s streets converged. These streets delimited insulae, or “islands” of houses. The ground floors of the houses contained shops, warehouses and workshops, while the upper floors were where the people lived, crowded together in small rooms. Only the wealthiest of families could afford to live in a domus, a house with one or two storeys, several rooms distributed around an atrium, and other recreational areas.
Peter Wissing
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Spain- Taragona- The Forum- BasilicaThe colonial Forum
All Roman towns had a large square (forum) that was the political, social and business centre of town.
Architecturally, it was a large space surrounded by arcades and varius public buildings, separated into different areas- the religious and the civil. The sacred area was presided over by a temple dedicated to the Capatoline Triad (Jupiter, Juno and Minerva) or the deified emperor. This temple may have been accompanied by others of less importance. The civil area contained various buildings, the most important of which was probably the basilica, which served as a courthouse, a social meeting place, and the curia, or seat of the council composed of the city´s dignitaries.
Today only the basilica is preserved. This building is divided into three sections, separated by Corinthian columns, and was built in the period of Augustus (in the years before the birth of Christ). It housed the court, or aedes augusti. In front of the basilica there was a square, with various statues, on which several of the city´s streets converged. These streets delimited insulae, or “islands” of houses. The ground floors of the houses contained shops, warehouses and workshops, while the upper floors were where the people lived, crowded together in small rooms. Only the wealthiest of families could afford to live in a domus, a house with one or two storeys, several rooms distributed around an atrium, and other recreational areas.
Peter Wissing
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Spain- Taragona- The Forum- Basilica and CisternThe colonial Forum
All Roman towns had a large square (forum) that was the political, social and business centre of town.
Architecturally, it was a large space surrounded by arcades and varius public buildings, separated into different areas- the religious and the civil. The sacred area was presided over by a temple dedicated to the Capatoline Triad (Jupiter, Juno and Minerva) or the deified emperor. This temple may have been accompanied by others of less importance. The civil area contained various buildings, the most important of which was probably the basilica, which served as a courthouse, a social meeting place, and the curia, or seat of the council composed of the city´s dignitaries.
Today only the basilica is preserved. This building is divided into three sections, separated by Corinthian columns, and was built in the period of Augustus (in the years before the birth of Christ). It housed the court, or aedes augusti. In front of the basilica there was a square, with various statues, on which several of the city´s streets converged. These streets delimited insulae, or “islands” of houses. The ground floors of the houses contained shops, warehouses and workshops, while the upper floors were where the people lived, crowded together in small rooms. Only the wealthiest of families could afford to live in a domus, a house with one or two storeys, several rooms distributed around an atrium, and other recreational areas.
Peter Wissing
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Spain- Taragona- The Forum- Basilica and houseThe colonial Forum
All Roman towns had a large square (forum) that was the political, social and business centre of town.
Architecturally, it was a large space surrounded by arcades and varius public buildings, separated into different areas- the religious and the civil. The sacred area was presided over by a temple dedicated to the Capatoline Triad (Jupiter, Juno and Minerva) or the deified emperor. This temple may have been accompanied by others of less importance. The civil area contained various buildings, the most important of which was probably the basilica, which served as a courthouse, a social meeting place, and the curia, or seat of the council composed of the city´s dignitaries.
Today only the basilica is preserved. This building is divided into three sections, separated by Corinthian columns, and was built in the period of Augustus (in the years before the birth of Christ). It housed the court, or aedes augusti. In front of the basilica there was a square, with various statues, on which several of the city´s streets converged. These streets delimited insulae, or “islands” of houses. The ground floors of the houses contained shops, warehouses and workshops, while the upper floors were where the people lived, crowded together in small rooms. Only the wealthiest of families could afford to live in a domus, a house with one or two storeys, several rooms distributed around an atrium, and other recreational areas.
Peter Wissing
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Spain- Taragona- The Forum- CourtThe colonial Forum
All Roman towns had a large square (forum) that was the political, social and business centre of town.
Architecturally, it was a large space surrounded by arcades and varius public buildings, separated into different areas- the religious and the civil. The sacred area was presided over by a temple dedicated to the Capatoline Triad (Jupiter, Juno and Minerva) or the deified emperor. This temple may have been accompanied by others of less importance. The civil area contained various buildings, the most important of which was probably the basilica, which served as a courthouse, a social meeting place, and the curia, or seat of the council composed of the city´s dignitaries.
Today only the basilica is preserved. This building is divided into three sections, separated by Corinthian columns, and was built in the period of Augustus (in the years before the birth of Christ). It housed the court, or aedes augusti. In front of the basilica there was a square, with various statues, on which several of the city´s streets converged. These streets delimited insulae, or “islands” of houses. The ground floors of the houses contained shops, warehouses and workshops, while the upper floors were where the people lived, crowded together in small rooms. Only the wealthiest of families could afford to live in a domus, a house with one or two storeys, several rooms distributed around an atrium, and other recreational areas.
Peter Wissing
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Spain- Taragona- The Forum- Court InscriptionsThe colonial Forum
All Roman towns had a large square (forum) that was the political, social and business centre of town.
Architecturally, it was a large space surrounded by arcades and varius public buildings, separated into different areas- the religious and the civil. The sacred area was presided over by a temple dedicated to the Capatoline Triad (Jupiter, Juno and Minerva) or the deified emperor. This temple may have been accompanied by others of less importance. The civil area contained various buildings, the most important of which was probably the basilica, which served as a courthouse, a social meeting place, and the curia, or seat of the council composed of the city´s dignitaries.
Today only the basilica is preserved. This building is divided into three sections, separated by Corinthian columns, and was built in the period of Augustus (in the years before the birth of Christ). It housed the court, or aedes augusti. In front of the basilica there was a square, with various statues, on which several of the city´s streets converged. These streets delimited insulae, or “islands” of houses. The ground floors of the houses contained shops, warehouses and workshops, while the upper floors were where the people lived, crowded together in small rooms. Only the wealthiest of families could afford to live in a domus, a house with one or two storeys, several rooms distributed around an atrium, and other recreational areas.
Peter Wissing
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Spain- Taragona- The Forum- Court Inscriptions 1The colonial Forum
All Roman towns had a large square (forum) that was the political, social and business centre of town.
Architecturally, it was a large space surrounded by arcades and varius public buildings, separated into different areas- the religious and the civil. The sacred area was presided over by a temple dedicated to the Capatoline Triad (Jupiter, Juno and Minerva) or the deified emperor. This temple may have been accompanied by others of less importance. The civil area contained various buildings, the most important of which was probably the basilica, which served as a courthouse, a social meeting place, and the curia, or seat of the council composed of the city´s dignitaries.
Today only the basilica is preserved. This building is divided into three sections, separated by Corinthian columns, and was built in the period of Augustus (in the years before the birth of Christ). It housed the court, or aedes augusti. In front of the basilica there was a square, with various statues, on which several of the city´s streets converged. These streets delimited insulae, or “islands” of houses. The ground floors of the houses contained shops, warehouses and workshops, while the upper floors were where the people lived, crowded together in small rooms. Only the wealthiest of families could afford to live in a domus, a house with one or two storeys, several rooms distributed around an atrium, and other recreational areas.
Peter Wissing
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Spain- Taragona- The Forum- HousesThe colonial Forum
All Roman towns had a large square (forum) that was the political, social and business centre of town.
Architecturally, it was a large space surrounded by arcades and varius public buildings, separated into different areas- the religious and the civil. The sacred area was presided over by a temple dedicated to the Capatoline Triad (Jupiter, Juno and Minerva) or the deified emperor. This temple may have been accompanied by others of less importance. The civil area contained various buildings, the most important of which was probably the basilica, which served as a courthouse, a social meeting place, and the curia, or seat of the council composed of the city´s dignitaries.
Today only the basilica is preserved. This building is divided into three sections, separated by Corinthian columns, and was built in the period of Augustus (in the years before the birth of Christ). It housed the court, or aedes augusti. In front of the basilica there was a square, with various statues, on which several of the city´s streets converged. These streets delimited insulae, or “islands” of houses. The ground floors of the houses contained shops, warehouses and workshops, while the upper floors were where the people lived, crowded together in small rooms. Only the wealthiest of families could afford to live in a domus, a house with one or two storeys, several rooms distributed around an atrium, and other recreational areas.
Peter Wissing
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Spain- Taragona- The Forum- Industrial house and CisternThe colonial Forum
All Roman towns had a large square (forum) that was the political, social and business centre of town.
Architecturally, it was a large space surrounded by arcades and varius public buildings, separated into different areas- the religious and the civil. The sacred area was presided over by a temple dedicated to the Capatoline Triad (Jupiter, Juno and Minerva) or the deified emperor. This temple may have been accompanied by others of less importance. The civil area contained various buildings, the most important of which was probably the basilica, which served as a courthouse, a social meeting place, and the curia, or seat of the council composed of the city´s dignitaries.
Today only the basilica is preserved. This building is divided into three sections, separated by Corinthian columns, and was built in the period of Augustus (in the years before the birth of Christ). It housed the court, or aedes augusti. In front of the basilica there was a square, with various statues, on which several of the city´s streets converged. These streets delimited insulae, or “islands” of houses. The ground floors of the houses contained shops, warehouses and workshops, while the upper floors were where the people lived, crowded together in small rooms. Only the wealthiest of families could afford to live in a domus, a house with one or two storeys, several rooms distributed around an atrium, and other recreational areas.
Peter Wissing
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Spain- Taragona- The Forum- TombThe colonial Forum
All Roman towns had a large square (forum) that was the political, social and business centre of town.
Architecturally, it was a large space surrounded by arcades and varius public buildings, separated into different areas- the religious and the civil. The sacred area was presided over by a temple dedicated to the Capatoline Triad (Jupiter, Juno and Minerva) or the deified emperor. This temple may have been accompanied by others of less importance. The civil area contained various buildings, the most important of which was probably the basilica, which served as a courthouse, a social meeting place, and the curia, or seat of the council composed of the city´s dignitaries.
Today only the basilica is preserved. This building is divided into three sections, separated by Corinthian columns, and was built in the period of Augustus (in the years before the birth of Christ). It housed the court, or aedes augusti. In front of the basilica there was a square, with various statues, on which several of the city´s streets converged. These streets delimited insulae, or “islands” of houses. The ground floors of the houses contained shops, warehouses and workshops, while the upper floors were where the people lived, crowded together in small rooms. Only the wealthiest of families could afford to live in a domus, a house with one or two storeys, several rooms distributed around an atrium, and other recreational areas.
Peter Wissing
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Spain- Taragona- The Forum- Via RomaThe colonial Forum
All Roman towns had a large square (forum) that was the political, social and business centre of town.
Architecturally, it was a large space surrounded by arcades and varius public buildings, separated into different areas- the religious and the civil. The sacred area was presided over by a temple dedicated to the Capatoline Triad (Jupiter, Juno and Minerva) or the deified emperor. This temple may have been accompanied by others of less importance. The civil area contained various buildings, the most important of which was probably the basilica, which served as a courthouse, a social meeting place, and the curia, or seat of the council composed of the city´s dignitaries.
Today only the basilica is preserved. This building is divided into three sections, separated by Corinthian columns, and was built in the period of Augustus (in the years before the birth of Christ). It housed the court, or aedes augusti. In front of the basilica there was a square, with various statues, on which several of the city´s streets converged. These streets delimited insulae, or “islands” of houses. The ground floors of the houses contained shops, warehouses and workshops, while the upper floors were where the people lived, crowded together in small rooms. Only the wealthiest of families could afford to live in a domus, a house with one or two storeys, several rooms distributed around an atrium, and other recreational areas.
Peter Wissing
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