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James_V_of_Scotland.jpg
JAMES V OF SCOTLAND
James V was King of Scotland from 9th September 1513 until his death in 1542, following the Scottish defeat at the Battle of Solway Moss.
James was the third son of King James IV of Scotland and his wife Margaret Tudor, a daughter of Henry VII of England and sister of Henry VIII. He became king at just seventeen months old when his father was killed at the Battle of Flodden on 9th September 1513.
James was crowned at Stirling Castle on 21st September 1513, but during his childhood the country was ruled by regents. In 1517, James moved from Stirling to Holyrood in Edinburgh and in the autumn of 1524, at the age of 12, he dismissed his regents and was proclaimed an adult ruler by his mother. But in 1525 Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus, the young king's stepfather, took custody of James, exercising power on his behalf and it wasn't until 1528 that James finally assumed the reins of government himself.
The death of James' mother in 1541 removed any incentive for peace with England, and war soon broke out between the two countries. Initially, in August 1542, the Scots won a victory at the Battle of Haddon Rig. A conciliatory meeting between James V and Henry VIII in England was proposed, but not until after James' wife, Mary of Guise, had given birth to her child which was due a few months away. Henry would not accept this condition and mobilised his army against Scotland.
On 31st October 1542 James was with his army at Lauder but, although his plans were to invade England, he returned to Edinburgh, on the way writing a letter to his wife mentioning that he had had three days of illness. The next month James' army suffered a serious defeat at the Battle of Solway Moss and James fell ill shortly afterwards. Some accounts state this was brought on by the Scottish defeat, but other historians consider that it was probably just an ordinary fever. Whatever the cause of his illness, James was on his deathbed when his child, a girl, was born.
James died on the 14th of December at Falkland Palace and was succeeded by his infant daughter, Mary, Queen of Scots, who was just six days old. He was buried at Holyrood Abbey in January 1543 alongside his two sons and his first wife Madeleine. However his tomb was destroyed soon after, in 1544, by the English during the burning of Edinburgh.
*Alex
2CrXTmC384gPtZ9JYce56FzdZ8pRzK.jpg
002d. Julia and Livia, Pergamon, MysiaBronze AE 18, RPC I 2359, SNG Cop 467, aF, weight 3.903 g, maximum diameter 18.3 mm, die axis 0o, Pergamon mint, obverse ΛIBIAN HPAN CAPINOΣ, draped bust of Livia right; reverse IOYΛIAN AΦPO∆ITHN, draped bust of Julia right; ex Forum, ex Malter Galleries

Julia was Augustus' only natural child, the daughter of his second wife Scribonia. She was born the same day that Octavian divorced Scribonia, to marry Livia.

Julia's tragic destiny was to serve as a pawn in her father's dynastic plans. At age two, she was betrothed to Mark Antony's ten-year-old son, but the fathers' hostility ended the engagement. At age 14, she was married to her cousin but he died two years later. In 21 B.C., Julia married Agrippa, nearly 25 years her elder, Augustus' most trusted general and friend. Augustus had been advised, "You have made him so great that he must either become your son-in-law or be slain." Agrippa died suddenly in 12 B.C. and Julia was married in 11 B.C. to Tiberius.

During her marriages to Agrippa and Tiberius Julia took lovers. In 2 B.C., Julia was arrested for adultery and treason. Augustus declared her marriage null and void. He also asserted in public that she had been plotting against his own life. Reluctant to execute her, Augustus had her exiled, with no men in sight, forbidden even to drink wine. Scribonia, Julia's mother, accompanied her into exile. Five years later, she was allowed to move to Rhegium but Augustus never forgave her. When Tiberius became emperor, he cut off her allowance and put her in solitary confinement in one room in her house. Within months she died from malnutrition.
ecoli
Matyas-Hunyadi_Denar_U_562e_C2-235A_H-717g-s.jpg
040 Mátyás Hunyadi., (Matthias Corvinus), King of Hungary, (1458-1490 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-717, C2-235A, U-562.e., P-216-05, Madonna and child, #01040 Mátyás Hunyadi., (Matthias Corvinus), King of Hungary, (1458-1490 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-717, C2-235A, U-562.e., P-216-05, Madonna and child, #01
avers: •m•mAThIЄ•R•hVnTARIЄ, Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion). Inside of the central shield, the raven standing and turning left. The ring in its beak.
reverse: PATROn VnGARIAЄ, Madonna sitting on a veil on her head, holding infant Jesus in her right arm, mint-mark on each side; border of dots.
exergue, mint mark: B/+ on top of the horseshoe//-- were struck by Stephan Kowach (by Pohl), diameter: mm, weight: g,
mint: Hungary, Buda (by Pohl),
date: 1469 A.D. (Pohl),
ref: Huszár-717, CNH-2-235A, Unger-562.e., Pohl-216-05,
Q-001
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040 Mátyás Hunyadi., (Matthias Corvinus), King of Hungary, (1458-1490 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-717, C2-235A, U-562.h., P-216-08, Madonna and child, #01040 Mátyás Hunyadi., (Matthias Corvinus), King of Hungary, (1458-1490 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-717, C2-235A, U-562.h., P-216-08, Madonna and child, #01
avers: ✠mOnЄTA-mAThIЄ•R•VnGARIЄ, Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion). Inside of the central shield, the raven standing and turning left. The ring in its beak, (Legend variation!).
reverse: •PATROnA VnGARIAЄ, Madonna sitting on a veil on her head, holding infant Jesus in her right arm, mint-mark on each side; border of dots, (Legend variation!).
exergue, mint mark: K/ K over Shield//--, were struck by Johannes Constorfer, kammergraf, (by Pohl), diameter: 16,5mm, weight: 0,71g, axis: 9h,
mint: Hungary, Körmöcbánya (Kremnitz, today Slovakia: Kremnica) by Pohl,
date: 1468 A.D. (Pohl),
ref: Huszár-717, CNH-2-235A, Unger-562.h., Pohl-216-08,
Q-001

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Matyas-Hunyadi_Denar_U_562h_C2-235A_H-717_mOneTA_MAThIE_R_VnG_PATROnA-VnGARIAE_K_K-on-Shield_Q-002_10h_16,5mm_0,51g-s.jpg
040 Mátyás Hunyadi., (Matthias Corvinus), King of Hungary, (1458-1490 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-717, C2-235A, U-562.h., P-216-08, Madonna and child, #02040 Mátyás Hunyadi., (Matthias Corvinus), King of Hungary, (1458-1490 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-717, C2-235A, U-562.h., P-216-08, Madonna and child, #02
avers: ✠mOnЄTA•mAThIЄ•R•VnG, Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion). Inside of the central shield, the raven standing and turning left. The ring in its beak, (Legend variation!).
reverse: PATROnA VnGARIAЄ, Madonna sitting on a veil on her head, holding infant Jesus in her right arm, mint-mark on each side; border of dots, (Legend variation!).
exergue, mint mark: K/ K over Shield//--, were struck by Johannes Constorfer, kammergraf, (by Pohl), diameter: 16,5mm, weight: 0,51g, axis: 10h,
mint: Hungary, Körmöcbánya (Kremnitz, today Slovakia: Kremnica) by Pohl,
date: 1468 A.D. (Pohl),
ref: Huszár-717, CNH-2-235A, Unger-562.h., Pohl-216-08,
Q-002

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040 Mátyás Hunyadi., (Matthias Corvinus), King of Hungary, (1458-1490 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-717, C2-235A, U-562.h., P-216-08, Madonna and child, #03040 Mátyás Hunyadi., (Matthias Corvinus), King of Hungary, (1458-1490 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-717, C2-235A, U-562.h., P-216-08, Madonna and child, #03
avers: ✠mOnЄTA•mAThIЄ•R•VnG, Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion). Inside of the central shield, the raven standing and turning left. The ring in its beak, (Legend variation!).
reverse: PATROnA VnGARI, Madonna sitting on a veil on her head, holding infant Jesus in her right arm, mint-mark on each side; border of dots, (Legend variation!).
exergue, mint mark: K/ K over Shield//--, were struck by Johannes Constorfer, kammergraf, (by Pohl), diameter: 15,0-16,5mm, weight: 0,53g, axis: 3h,
mint: Hungary, Körmöcbánya (Kremnitz, today Slovakia: Kremnica) by Pohl,
date: 1468 A.D. (Pohl),
ref: Huszár-717, CNH-2-235A, Unger-562.h., Pohl-216-08,
Q-003

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Matyas-Hunyadi_Denar_U_562h_C2-235A_H-717_mOneTA_mAThIE_R_VnGAR__PATROnA-VnGARI__K_K-on-Shield_Q-004_5h_16-16,5mm_0,51g-s.jpg
040 Mátyás Hunyadi., (Matthias Corvinus), King of Hungary, (1458-1490 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-717, C2-235A, U-562.h., P-216-08, Madonna and child, #04040 Mátyás Hunyadi., (Matthias Corvinus), King of Hungary, (1458-1490 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-717, C2-235A, U-562.h., P-216-08, Madonna and child, #04
avers: ✠mOnЄTA•mAThIЄ•R•VnGAR, Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion). Inside of the central shield, the raven standing and turning left. The ring in its beak. (Legend variation!)
reverse: •PATROnA VnGARI•, Madonna sitting on a veil on her head, holding infant Jesus in her right arm, mint-mark on each side; border of dots, (Legend variation!).
exergue, mint mark: K/ K over Shield//--, were struck by Johannes Constorfer, kammergraf, (by Pohl), diameter: 16,0-16,5mm, weight: 0,51g, axis: 5h,
mint: Hungary, Körmöcbánya (Kremnitz, today Slovakia: Kremnica) by Pohl,
date: 1468 A.D. (Pohl),
ref: Huszár-717, CNH-2-235A, Unger-562.h., Pohl-216-08,
Q-004

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040 Mátyás Hunyadi., (Matthias Corvinus), King of Hungary, (1458-1490 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-717, C2-235A, U-562.i., P-216-09, Madonna and child, #01040 Mátyás Hunyadi., (Matthias Corvinus), King of Hungary, (1458-1490 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-717, C2-235A, U-562.i., P-216-09, Madonna and child, #01
avers: ✠ m mAThIЄ R VnGARIЄ, Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion). Inside of the central shield, the raven standing and turning left. The ring in its beak, (Legend variation!).
reverse: PATROn VnGAR, Madonna sitting on a veil on her head, holding infant Jesus in her right arm, mint-mark on each side; border of dots, (Legend variation!).
exergue, mint mark: K/ Shield//--, were struck by Johannes Constorfer, kammergraf, (by Pohl), diameter: 15,5-16,5mm, weight: 0,63g, axis: 4h,
mint: Hungary, Körmöcbánya (Kremnitz, today Slovakia: Kremnica) by Pohl,
date: 1469 A.D. (Pohl),
ref: Huszár-717, CNH-2-235A, Unger-562.i., Pohl-216-09,
Q-001
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040 Mátyás Hunyadi., (Matthias Corvinus), King of Hungary, (1458-1490 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-717, C2-235A, U-562.m., P-216-13, Madonna and child, #01040 Mátyás Hunyadi., (Matthias Corvinus), King of Hungary, (1458-1490 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-717, C2-235A, U-562.m., P-216-13, Madonna and child, #01
avers: m mAThIЄ•R hVnGARЄ, Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion). Inside of the central shield, the raven standing and turning left. The ring in its beak, (Legend variation!).
reverse: PATROn VnGARЄ, Madonna sitting on a veil on her head, holding infant Jesus in her right arm, mint-mark on each side; border of dots. (Legend variation!).
exergue, mint mark: n/ hammers//--, were struck by Bürgertschaft, (by Pohl), diameter: 15,5-16,0mm, weight: 0,51g, axis: 5h,
mint: Hungary, Nagybánya (today Romania : Baia Mare) by Pohl,
date: 1470 A.D. (Pohl),
ref: Huszár-717, CNH-2-235A, Unger-562.m., Pohl-216-13,
Q-001

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040 Mátyás Hunyadi., (Matthias Corvinus), King of Hungary, (1458-1490 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-718, C2-234, U-564.c., P-219-03, Madonna and child, #01040 Mátyás Hunyadi., (Matthias Corvinus), King of Hungary, (1458-1490 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-718, C2-234, U-564.c., P-219-03, Madonna and child, #01
avers: ✠mOnЄTA•mAThIЄ•R•hVnGARI, Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion). Inside of the central shield, the raven standing and turning left. The ring in its beak, (Legend variation!).
reverse: •PATROn VnGARI•, Madonna sitting on a veil on her head, holding infant Jesus in her right arm, mint-mark on each side; border of dots, (Legend variation!).
exergue, mint mark: K/ G//--, were struck by Johannes Constorfer, kammergraf, (by Pohl), diameter: 16,0mm, weight: 0,46g, axis: 6h,
mint: Hungary, Körmöcbánya (Kremnitz, today Slovakia: Kremnica) by Pohl,
date: 1472-1478 A.D. (Pohl),
ref: Huszár-718, CNH-2-234, Unger-564.c., Pohl-219-03,
Q-001

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040 Mátyás Hunyadi., (Matthias Corvinus), King of Hungary, (1458-1490 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-718, C2-234, U-564.e, P-219-05, K/ P/V//--, Madonna and child, #01040 Mátyás Hunyadi., (Matthias Corvinus), King of Hungary, (1458-1490 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-718, C2-234, U-564.e, P-219-05, K/ P/V//--, Madonna and child, #01
avers: ✠m•mAThIЄ•R•hVnGARIЄ, Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion with Crown). Inside of the central shield, the raven standing and turning left. The ring in its beak, (Legend variation!).
reverse: •PATROn VnGAR•, Madonna sitting on a veil on her head, holding infant Jesus in her right arm, mint-mark on each side; border of dots,(Legend variation!).
exergue, mint mark: K/ P/V//--, were struck by Paul Peck/Veit Mühlstein, kammergraf, (by Pohl), diameter: 15,5-16,5mm, weight: 0,44g, axis: 10h,
mint: Hungary, Körmöcbánya (Kremnitz, today Slovakia: Kremnica) by Pohl,
date: 1472-1478 A.D. (Pohl),
ref: Huszár-718, CNH-2-234, Unger-564.e., Pohl-219-05,
Q-001
1 commentsquadrans
040_Hunyadi-Matyas,_(Mathias-Corvinus),_(1458-1490_A_D_),_H-718,_C2-234,_U-564_f,_K-P,_P-219-4,_Kremnitz,_1472-78,_Q-001,_1h,_15,5-16,0mm,_0,53g-s.jpg
040 Mátyás Hunyadi., (Matthias Corvinus), King of Hungary, (1458-1490 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-718, C2-234, U-564.f, P-219-04, K/P//--, Madonna and child, #01040 Mátyás Hunyadi., (Matthias Corvinus), King of Hungary, (1458-1490 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-718, C2-234, U-564.f, P-219-04, K/P//--, Madonna and child, #01
avers: ✠mOnЄTA•mAThIЄ•R•VnGARI, Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion with Crown). Inside of the central shield, the raven standing and turning left. The ring in its beak, (Legend variation!).
reverse: •PATROn VnGARI•, Madonna sitting on a veil on her head, holding infant Jesus in her right arm, mint-mark on each side; border of dots,(Legend variation!).
exergue, mint mark: K/P//--, were struck by Paul Peck, (by Pohl), diameter: 15,5-16,0mm, weight: 0,53g, axis: 1h,
mint: Hungary, Körmöcbánya (Kremnitz, today Slovakia: Kremnica) by Pohl,
date: 1472-1478 A.D. (Pohl),
ref: Huszár-718, CNH-2-234, Unger-564.f., Pohl-219-04,
Q-001
1 commentsquadrans
040_Hunyadi-Matyas,_(Mathias-Corvinus),_(1458-1490_A_D_),_H-718,_C2-234,_U-564_g,_K-A,_P-219-2,_Kremnitz,_1472-78,_Q-001,_2h,_15,0-16,5mm,_0,62g-s.jpg
040 Mátyás Hunyadi., (Matthias Corvinus), King of Hungary, (1458-1490 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-718, C2-234, U-564.g, P-219-02, K/A//--, Madonna and child, #01040 Mátyás Hunyadi., (Matthias Corvinus), King of Hungary, (1458-1490 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-718, C2-234, U-564.g, P-219-02, K/A//--, Madonna and child, #01
avers: ✠mOnЄTA•mAThIЄ•R•VnGARI, Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion with Crown). Inside of the central shield, the raven standing and turning left. The ring in its beak, (Legend variation!).
reverse: •PATROnA VnGARIЄ•, Madonna sitting on a veil on her head, holding infant Jesus in her right arm, mint-mark on each side; border of dots,(Legend variation!).
exergue, mint mark: K/A//--, were struck by Augustin Langsfelder, (by Pohl), diameter: 15,0-16,5mm, weight: 0,62g, axis: 2h,
mint: Hungary, Körmöcbánya (Kremnitz, today Slovakia: Kremnica) by Pohl,
date: 1472-1478 A.D. (Pohl),
ref: Huszár-718, CNH-2-234, Unger-564.g., Pohl-219-02,
Q-001
1 commentsquadrans
Matyas-Hunyadi_Denar_U_565-a_C2-239A-E_H-719_xM_MAThIE_R_hUnGARI_PATRO-VnGARI_K_P-V_Q-001_5h_15-15,5mm_0,65g-s.jpg
040 Mátyás Hunyadi., (Matthias Corvinus), King of Hungary, (1458-1490 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-719, C2-239A, U-565.a., P-221-03, Madonna and child, #01040 Mátyás Hunyadi., (Matthias Corvinus), King of Hungary, (1458-1490 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-719, C2-239A, U-565.a., P-221-03, Madonna and child, #01
avers: ✠m•mAThIЄ•R•hVnGARI, Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion). Inside of the central shield, the raven standing and turning left. The ring in its beak, (Legend variation!).
reverse: •PATRO VnGARI, Crowned Madonna sitting, holding infant Jesus in her left arm, mint-mark on each side; border of dots, (Legend variation!).
exergue, mint mark: K/ P/V//--, were struck by Paul Peck/Veit Mühlstein, kammergraf, (by Pohl), diameter: 15,0-15,5mm, weight: 0,65g, axis: 5h,
mint: Hungary, Körmöcbánya (Kremnitz, today Slovakia: Kremnica) by Pohl,
date: 1479-1485 A.D. (Pohl),
ref: Huszár-719, CNH-2-239A, Unger-565.a., Pohl-221-03,
Q-001

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040 Mátyás Hunyadi., (Matthias Corvinus), King of Hungary, (1458-1490 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-722, C2-232, U-567.b., P-223-01, Madonna and child, #01040 Mátyás Hunyadi., (Matthias Corvinus), King of Hungary, (1458-1490 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-722, C2-232, U-567.b., P-223-01, Madonna and child, #01
avers: ✠M•MATHIE•R•VNGARIE, Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion). Inside of the central shield, the raven standing and turning left. The ring in its beak. One dots both sides of the shield. (Legend variation!)
reverse: PATRON VNGARIE, Nimbate, and Crowned Madonna seated facing, holding nimbate infant Jesus in her right arm, mint-mark (K-P/Rozette) on each side; line border, (Legend variation!).
exergue, mint mark: K/ P/Rozette//--, were struck by Peter Schaider, (by Pohl), diameter: 15,5mm, weight: 0,49g, axis: 9h,
mint: Hungary, Körmöcbánya (Kremnitz, today Slovakia: Kremnica) by Pohl,
date: 1488 A.D. (Pohl),
ref: Huszár-722, CNH-2-232, Unger-567.b., Pohl-223-01,
Q-001

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040 Mátyás Hunyadi., (Matthias Corvinus), King of Hungary, (1458-1490 A.D.) AR Gross, H-692, C2-213A-Evar., U-550.dvar., P-193-02, Madonna and child, #01040 Mátyás Hunyadi., (Matthias Corvinus), King of Hungary, (1458-1490 A.D.) AR Gross, H-692, C2-213A-Evar., U-550.dvar., P-193-02, Madonna and child, #01
avers: ✠mOnЄTA•mAThIЄ•RЄIS•hVnOAR, Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads(two!!), Crown(!!) and Bohemian lion). Inside of the central shield, the raven standing and turning left. The ring in its beak. (Legends error! "•RЄIS•hVnOAR" instead of "•RЄGIS•hVnGAR" and variation!)
reverse: PATROnA VnGARIЄ, Madonna sitting on a veil on her head, holding infant Jesus in her right arm, mint-mark on each side; border of dots. (Legend variation!)
exergue, mint mark: K/ Shield//--, were struck by Johannes Constorfer, kammergraf, (by Pohl), diameter: 26,5mm, weight: 2,9g, axis: 6h,
mint: Hungary, Körmöcbánya (Kremnitz, today Slovakia: Kremnica) by Pohl,
date: 1469 A.D. (Pohl),
ref: Huszár-692, CNH-2-213A-Evar., Unger-550.d-var., Pohl-193-02,
Q-001
1 commentsquadrans
Matyas-Hunyadi_Garas_U_550-j_C2-213A-E_H-695_P-197-05_mOnETA_mAThIE_REGIS_Vn__PATROnA-hVnGARIE__1479-85_AD_Q-001_4h_26,0mm_3,05g-s.jpg
040 Mátyás Hunyadi., (Matthias Corvinus), King of Hungary, (1458-1490 A.D.) AR Gross, H-695, C2-213A-Evar., U-550.j., P-197-05, Madonna and child, #01040 Mátyás Hunyadi., (Matthias Corvinus), King of Hungary, (1458-1490 A.D.) AR Gross, H-695, C2-213A-Evar., U-550.j., P-197-05, Madonna and child, #01
avers: ✠mOnЄTA•mAThIЄ•RЄGIS•Vn, Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, (three!) Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion). Inside of the central shield, the raven standing and turning left. The ring in its beak. (Legend variation!)
reverse: •PATROnA hVnGARIЄ•, Madonna sitting on a veil on her head, holding infant Jesus in her right arm, mint-mark on each side; border of dots. (Legend variation!)
exergue, mint mark: K/ V/A//--, were struck by Veit Mühlstein and Augustin Langsfelder, kammergraf, (by Pohl), diameter: 26,0mm, weight: 3,05g, axis: 4h,
mint: Hungary, Körmöcbánya (Kremnitz, today Slovakia: Kremnica) by Pohl,
date: 1479-1485 A.D. (Pohl),
ref: Huszár-695, CNH-2-213A-Evar., Unger-550.j., Pohl-197-05,
Q-001
1 commentsquadrans
Ulaszlo_II_2C_AR-Den2C_H-8072C_C2-272B2C_U-641a2C_P-242-12C_M_WLADISLAI_R_VNGAR_2C_PATRON__VNGARI_2C_K-n2C_1498-1503_AD2C_Q-0012C_5h2C152C0-152C5mm2C_02C51g-s.jpg
041 Ulászló II. (Wladislas II., Jagellion)., King of Hungary, (1490-1516 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-807, CNH-2-272B, U-641a, P-242-12C, K/h//--, Madonna with the child, #01041 Ulászló II. (Wladislas II., Jagellion)., King of Hungary, (1490-1516 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-807, CNH-2-272B, U-641a, P-242-12C, K/h//--, Madonna with the child, #01
avers: M•WLADISLAI•R•VNGAR•, Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian (Hungarian) stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, and Bohemian lion). The Polish eagle in the inner shield.
reverse: PATRON•VNGARI•, Crowned Madonna with the child in her right arm.
exergue, mint mark: K/h//--, were struck by Hans Thurzó (by Pohl),
diameter: 15,0-15,5mm, weight: 0,51g, axis: 5h,
mint: Hungary, Körmöcbánya (Kremnitz, today Slovakia: Kremnica),
date: 1501-1502 A.D.,
ref: Huszár-807, CNH-2-272B, Unger-641a, Pohl-242-12C,
Q-001
1 commentsquadrans
Ulaszlo_II_,_AR-Den,_H-811,_C2-277,_U-645,_P-253-3,_8_1503_8_WLADISLAI_R_VNGARIE,_PATRON___VNGARIE_8,_K-H,1503_AD,_Q-001,_6h,_15,5-16mm,_0,64g-s.jpg
041 Ulászló II. (Wladislas II., Jagellion)., King of Hungary, (1490-1516 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-811/1503, CNH-2-277, U-645, P-253-3, K/H//--, Madonna and child, #01041 Ulászló II. (Wladislas II., Jagellion)., King of Hungary, (1490-1516 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-811/1503, CNH-2-277, U-645, P-253-3, K/H//--, Madonna and child, #01
avers: 8 1503 8 WLADISLAI•R•VNGARIЄ, Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian (Hungarian) stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion). Polish eagle in the inner shield.
reverse: PATRON• •VNGARIЄ 8, Crowned Madonna with the infant Jesus in her right hand.
exergue, mint mark: K/H//-- were struck by Hans Thurzó (by Pohl),
diameter: 15,5-16,0mm, weight: 0,64g, axis: 6h,
mint: Hungary, Körmöcbánya (Kremnitz, today Slovakia: Kremnica),
date: 1503 A.D.,
ref: Huszár-811, CNH-2-277, Unger-645, Pohl-253-3, the type with the "8"-s,
Q-001

The first dated Hungarian denarius!!! Scarce!
1 commentsquadrans
Wladislai-II-5-s.jpg
041 Ulászló II. (Wladislas II., Jagellion)., King of Hungary, (1490-1516 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-811/1512, CNH-2-278A, U-646c/1512, P-253-04, Madonna and child, #01041 Ulászló II. (Wladislas II., Jagellion)., King of Hungary, (1490-1516 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-811/1512, CNH-2-278A, U-646c/1512, P-253-04, Madonna and child, #01
avers: *1512*WLADISLAI*R*VNGARI, Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian (Hungarian) stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion). Polish eagle in the inner shield.
reverse: *PATRONA* *VNGARIE*, Crowned Madonna with the infant Jesus in her right hand.
exergue, mint mark: K/G//-- were struck by Georg Thurzó (by Pohl),
diameter: 15,0mm, weight: 0,57g, axis: 3h,
mint: Hungary, Körmöcbánya (Kremnitz, today Slovakia: Kremnica),
date: 1512 A.D.,
ref: Huszár-811, CNH-2-278A, Unger-646c, Pohl-253-04,
Q-001
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Wladislai-II-s.jpg
041 Ulászló II. (Wladislas II., Jagellion)., King of Hungary, (1490-1516 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-811/1514, CNH-2-278A, U-646c/1514, P-253-04, Madonna and child, #01041 Ulászló II. (Wladislas II., Jagellion)., King of Hungary, (1490-1516 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-811/1514, CNH-2-278A, U-646c/1514, P-253-04, Madonna and child, #01
avers: *1514*WLADISLAI*R*VNGARI, Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian (Hungarian) stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion). Polish eagle in the inner shield.
reverse: *PATRONA* *VNGARIE*, Crowned Madonna with the infant Jesus in her right hand.
exergue, mint mark: K/G//-- were struck by Georg Thurzó (by Pohl),
diameter: 15,0mm, weight: 0,63g, axis: 10h,
mint: Hungary, Körmöcbánya (Kremnitz, today Slovakia: Kremnica),
date: 1514 A.D.,
ref: Huszár-811, CNH-2-278A, Unger-646c, Pohl-253-04,
Q-001
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Ulaszlo-II_(1490-1516_AD)_AR-Obulus_U-650_C2-281_H-815_Q-001_4h_11,5-12mm_0,24g-s.jpg
041 Ulászló II. (Wladislas II., Jagellion)., King of Hungary, (1490-1516 A.D.) AR Obulus, H-815, CNH-2-281, U-650a, P-246-01, Madonna and child, #01041 Ulászló II. (Wladislas II., Jagellion)., King of Hungary, (1490-1516 A.D.) AR Obulus, H-815, CNH-2-281, U-650a, P-246-01, Madonna and child, #01
avers: Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion). Inside of the central shield, Polish eagle with outstretched wings.
revers: No legend, Nimbate, and Crowned Madonna sit with a child on her right arm.
exergue, mint mark: K/h//--, struck by Hans Thurzó (by Pohl),
diameter: 11,5-12,0mm, weight: 0,24g, axis: 4h,
mint: Hungary, Körmöcbánya (Kremnitz, today Slovakia: Kremnica),
date: 1500-1502 A.D. (Pohl),
ref: Huszár-815, CNH-2-281, Unger-650a, Pohl-246-01,
Q-001
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Ulaszlo-II_(1490-1516_AD)_AR-Obulus_U-650b_C2-281_H-815_1498-1501-AD_Q-001_2h_12mm_0,40g-s.jpg
041 Ulászló II. (Wladislas II., Jagellion)., King of Hungary, (1490-1516 A.D.) AR Obulus, H-815, CNH-2-281, U-650b, P-246-02, Madonna and child, #01041 Ulászló II. (Wladislas II., Jagellion)., King of Hungary, (1490-1516 A.D.) AR Obulus, H-815, CNH-2-281, U-650b, P-246-02, Madonna and child, #01
avers: Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion). Inside of the central shield, Polish eagle with outstretched wings.
revers: No legend, Nimbate, and Crowned Madonna sit with a child on her right arm.
exergue, mint mark: K/h//--, struck by Hans Thurzó (by Pohl),
diameter: 12,0mm, weight: 0,40g, axis: 24h,
mint: Hungary, Körmöcbánya (Kremnitz, today Slovakia: Kremnica),
date: 1500-1502 A.D. (Pohl),
ref: Huszár-815, CNH-2-281, Unger-650b, Pohl-246-02,
Q-001
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Lajos-II_,_(1516-1526_AD),_(Ladislaus_II,_Jagiellon),_AR-Denar,_H-841,_C2-306A,_U-673a,_P-255-32,_A-V,HK,_1526,_Q-001,_8h,_14,5-15mm,_0,56g-s.jpg
042 Lajos II. (Lodovicus II., Jagellion)., King of Hungary, (1516-1526 A.D.) AR Denar, H-841, CNH-2-306A, U-673a., P-255-32, Madonna and child, A/V//HK, 1526, #01042 Lajos II. (Lodovicus II., Jagellion)., King of Hungary, (1516-1526 A.D.) AR Denar, H-841, CNH-2-306A, U-673a., P-255-32, Madonna and child, A/V//HK, 1526, #01
avers: LVDOVICVS ᵒRᵒVNGARI*1626*, Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian (Hungarian) stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion). Polish eagle in the inner shield. The date (1526) above the shield between two flowers, and flower with five petals, the border of dots.
reverse: PATRONA HK VNGARIE, Crowned Madonna seated facing, holding infant Jesus in her right arm, mint-mark (A-V) on each side, HK below, the border of dots.
exergue/mint mark: A/V//HK, struck by Alexius Thurzó (by Pohl),
diameter: 14,5-15,0mm, weight: 0,56g, axis: 8h,
mint: Hungary, Visegrád (by Pohl),
date: 1526 A.D. (Pohl),
ref: Huszár-841, CNH-2-306A, Unger-673a., Pohl-255-32,
Q-001
1 commentsquadrans
Lajos-II__(1516-1526_AD)_(Ladislaus_II,_Jagiellon)_Denar_U-675-a_C2-308A_H-846_L-B-1521_Q-001_h_mm_g-s.jpg
042 Lajos II. (Lodovicus II., Jagellion)., King of Hungary, (1516-1526 A.D.) AR Denar, H-846, CNH-2-308A, U-675a., P-258-01, L/B//--, 1521, Madonna and child, #01042 Lajos II. (Lodovicus II., Jagellion)., King of Hungary, (1516-1526 A.D.) AR Denar, H-846, CNH-2-308A, U-675a., P-258-01, L/B//--, 1521, Madonna and child, #01
avers: Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian (Hungarian) stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion). Polish eagle in the inner shield. The date (1521) above the shield between two flowers, and flower with five petals between two dots on each side, border of dots.
reverse: Crowned Madonna seated facing, holding infant Jesus in her right arm, mintmark (L-B) on each side; border of dots.
exergue, mint mark: L/B//--,
diameter: 15,5mm, weight: 0,49g, axis: 3h,
mint: Hungary, Buda,
date: 1521 A.D. (Pohl),
ref: Huszár-846, CNH-2-308A, Unger-675-a., Pohl-258-01,
"Moneta Nova" series.
Q-001
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Lajos-II__(1516-1526_AD)_(Lodovicus_II,_Jagiellon)_Denar_U-675-a_C2-308A_H-846_L-B-1523_Q-001_h_mm_g-s.jpg
042 Lajos II. (Lodovicus II., Jagellion)., King of Hungary, (1516-1526 A.D.) AR Denar, H-846, CNH-2-308A, U-675a., P-258-01, L/B//--, 1523, Madonna and child, #01042 Lajos II. (Lodovicus II., Jagellion)., King of Hungary, (1516-1526 A.D.) AR Denar, H-846, CNH-2-308A, U-675a., P-258-01, L/B//--, 1523, Madonna and child, #01
avers: Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian (Hungarian) stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion). Polish eagle in the inner shield. The date (1521) above the shield between two flowers, and flower with five petals between two dots on each side, border of dots.
reverse: Crowned Madonna seated facing, holding infant Jesus in her right arm, mintmark (L-B) on each side; border of dots.
exergue, mint mark: L/B//--,
diameter: 15,0-15,5mm, weight: 0,51g, axis: 3h,
mint: Hungary, Buda,
date: 1523 A.D. (Pohl),
ref: Huszár-846, CNH-2-308A, Unger-675-a., Pohl-258-01,
"Moneta Nova" series.
Q-001

1 commentsquadrans
Lajos-II__(1516-1526_AD)_(Lodovicus_II,_Jagiellon)_Denar_U-675-e_C2-308A_H-846_L-K-1522_Q-001_h_mm_ga-s.jpg
042 Lajos II. (Lodovicus II., Jagellion)., King of Hungary, (1516-1526 A.D.) AR Denar, H-846, CNH-2-308A, U-675e., P-258-02, L/K//--, 1522, Madonna and child, #01042 Lajos II. (Lodovicus II., Jagellion)., King of Hungary, (1516-1526 A.D.) AR Denar, H-846, CNH-2-308A, U-675e., P-258-02, L/K//--, 1522, Madonna and child, #01
avers: Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian (Hungarian) stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion). Polish eagle in the inner shield. The date (1522) above the shield between two flowers, and flower with five petals between two dots on each side, border of dots.
reverse: Crowned Madonna seated facing, holding infant Jesus in her right arm, mintmark (L-K) on each side; border of dots.
exergue, mint mark: L/K//--,
diameter: 15,0-15,5mm, weight: 0,48g, axis: 9h,
mint: Hungary, Körmöcbánya (Kremnitz, today Slovakia: Kremnica) by Pohl,
date: 1522 A.D. (Pohl),
ref: Huszar-846, CNH-2-308A, Unger-675e., Pohl-258-02,
"Moneta Nova" series.
Q-001
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Ferd-I_AR-Den__1528_FERDINAND_D_G_R_VNG_PATRONA_-_VNGARIE_K-B_U-745a_C3-40_H-935_1528_Q-001_4h_15,5mm_0,55g-s.jpg
043 Ferdinand I., (Ferdinand I. of Habsburg), King of Hungary, (1526-1564 A.D.), AR-Denarius, U-745a, 1528, Madonna and child, #01043 Ferdinand I., (Ferdinand I. of Habsburg), King of Hungary, (1526-1564 A.D.), AR-Denarius, U-745a, 1528, Madonna and child, #01
avers:- •1528•FERDINAND•D•G•R•VNG, Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion). Central shield are Austrian shield.
revers:- PATRONA•-•VNGARIE, Crowned Madonna sits with child on her right arm. K-B crossed the field.
diameter: 15,5 mm, weight: 0,55 g, axis: 4h,
mint mark: K-B, mint: Körmöczbánya, date: 1528 A.D.,
ref: Unger-745a, CNH-3-40, Huszár-935,
Q-001
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Ferd-I_AR-Den__1531_FERDINAND_D_G_R_VNG_PATRONA_-_VNGARIE_K-B_U-745a_C3-40_H-935_1531_Q-001_7h_15,7mm_0,49g-s.jpg
043 Ferdinand I., (Ferdinand I. of Habsburg), King of Hungary, (1526-1564 A.D.), AR-Denarius, U-745a, 1531, Madonna and child, #01043 Ferdinand I., (Ferdinand I. of Habsburg), King of Hungary, (1526-1564 A.D.), AR-Denarius, U-745a, 1531, Madonna and child, #01
avers: •1531•FERDINAND•D•G•R•VNG, Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion). Central shields are Austrian shields.
revers: PATRONA•-•VNGARIE, Crowned Madonna sits with a child on her right arm. K-B crossed the field.
diameter: 15,7 mm, weight: 0,49 g, axis: 7h,
mint mark: K-B, mint: Körmöczbánya, date: 1531 A.D.,
ref: Unger-745a, CNH-3-40, Huszár-935,
Q-001
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Ferd-I_AR-Den__1534_FERDINAND_D_G_R_VNG_PATRONA_-rozette-_VNGARIE_K-B_U-745a_C3-40_H-935_1534_Q-001_9h_16,3mm_0,54g-s.jpg
043 Ferdinand I., (Ferdinand I. of Habsburg), King of Hungary, (1526-1564 A.D.), AR-Denarius, U-745a, 1534, Madonna and child, #01043 Ferdinand I., (Ferdinand I. of Habsburg), King of Hungary, (1526-1564 A.D.), AR-Denarius, U-745a, 1534, Madonna and child, #01
avers: •1534•FERDINAND•D•G•R•VNG, Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion). Central shields are Austrian shields.
revers: PATRONA•-rosette-•VNGARIE, Crowned Madonna sits with a child on her right arm. K-B crossed the field.
diameter: 16,3 mm, weight: 0,54 g, axis: 9h,
mint mark: K-B,, mint: Körmöczbánya, date: 1534 A.D.,
ref: Unger-745a, CNH-3-40, Huszár-935,
Q-001
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Ferd-I_AR-Den__1551_FERDINAND_D_G_R_VNG_PATRONA_-_VNGARIE_K-B_U-745a_C3-40_H-935_1551_Q-001_9h_14,6mm_0,53g-s.jpg
043 Ferdinand I., (Ferdinand I. of Habsburg), King of Hungary, (1526-1564 A.D.), AR-Denarius, U-745a, 1551, Madonna and child, #01043 Ferdinand I., (Ferdinand I. of Habsburg), King of Hungary, (1526-1564 A.D.), AR-Denarius, U-745a, 1551, Madonna and child, #01
avers: •1551•FERDINAND•D•G•R•VNG, Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion). Central shields are Austrian shields.
revers: PATRONA•-•VNGARIE, Crowned Madonna sits with a child on her right arm. K-B crossed the field.
diameter: 14,6 mm, weight: 0,53 g, axis: 9h,
mint mark: K-B, mint: Körmöczbánya, date: 1551 A.D.,
ref: Unger-745a, CNH-3-40, Huszár-935,
Q-001
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Ferd-I_AR-Den__1551_FERDINAND_D_G_R_VNG_PATRONA_-rozette-_VNGARIE_K-B_U-745a_C3-40_H-935_1551_Q-002_7h_15,2mm_0,56g-s.jpg
043 Ferdinand I., (Ferdinand I. of Habsburg), King of Hungary, (1526-1564 A.D.), AR-Denarius, U-745a, 1551, Madonna and child, #02043 Ferdinand I., (Ferdinand I. of Habsburg), King of Hungary, (1526-1564 A.D.), AR-Denarius, U-745a, 1551, Madonna and child, #02
avers: •1551•FERDINAND•D•G•R•VNG, Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion). Central shields are Austrian shields.
revers: PATRONA•-rosette-•VNGARIE, Crowned Madonna sits with a child on her right arm. K-B crossed the field.
diameter: 15,2 mm, weight: 0,56 g, axis: 7h,
mint mark: K-B, mint: Körmöczbánya, date: 1551 A.D.,
ref: Unger-745a, CNH-3-40, Huszár-935,
Q-001
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Ferdinand_I_2C_H-9372C_C3-0422C_U2-744g-15292C_AR-Den_2C_1529_FERDINAND_D_G_R_VNG_2C__PATRONAstar-starVNGARIE_2C_B-H2C_Q-0012C_1h2C_152C5mm2C_02C58g-s.jpg
043 Ferdinand I., (Ferdinand I. of Habsburg), King of Hungary, (1526-1564 A.D.), H-937, C3-042, U2-744g/1529, B/H//--, AR-Denarius, Madonna and child, Rare! #01043 Ferdinand I., (Ferdinand I. of Habsburg), King of Hungary, (1526-1564 A.D.), H-937, C3-042, U2-744g/1529, B/H//--, AR-Denarius, Madonna and child, Rare! #01
avers: •1529•FERDINAND•D•G•R•VNG, Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion). The central shield is the Austrian shield.
reverse: •PATRONA*-*VNGARIE•, Crowned Madonna sits with a child on her right arm. B-H crossed the field.
diameter: 15,5 mm, weight: 0,58 g, axis: 1h,
exergue/mint mark: B/H//--, mint: Körmöczbánya, date: 1529 A.D.,
ref: Huszár 937, CNH-3 42, Unger-2 744g./1529, Rare!
Q-001
1 commentsquadrans
Miksa_AR-Den_K-B_U-766a_C3-94_H-992_1566_Q-001_h_mm_g-s.jpg
045 Miksa., (Maximilian of Habsburg), King of Hungary, (1564-1576 A.D.), AR-Denarius, U-766a, 1566, Madonna and child, #01045 Miksa., (Maximilian of Habsburg), King of Hungary, (1564-1576 A.D.), AR-Denarius, U-766a, 1566, Madonna and child, #01
avers:- •MAX•II•D•G•E•RO•I•S•AV•G•HV•B•R•, Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion). Central shield are Austrian shield. The year 1566 on the top of the shield.
revers:- PATRONA•-rozette-•VNGARIE, Crowned Madonna sits with child on her right arm. K-B crossed the field.
diameter: mm, weight: g, axis: h,
mint mark: K-B, mint: Körmöczbánya, date: 1566 A.D.,
ref: Unger-766a, CNH-3-94, Huszár-992,
Q-001
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Ferd-II__(1619-1637AD)_AR-Den_FER_II_D_G_R_I_S_A_G_H_B_R__PATRONA-HVNGARI__1629_K-B_U-917a_C3-303_H-1204_Q-001_7h_14,1mm_0,51g-s.jpg
048 Ferdinand II., (Ferdinand II. of Habsburg), King of Hungary, (1619-1637 A.D.), AR-Denarius, U-917a, 1629, Madonna and child, #01048 Ferdinand II., (Ferdinand II. of Habsburg), King of Hungary, (1619-1637 A.D.), AR-Denarius, U-917a, 1629, Madonna and child, #01
avers: FER•II•D•G•R•I•S•A•G•H•B•R•, Hungarian shield, four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross). The year 1629 on the top of the shield, K-B crossed the field.
reverse: PATRONA-HVNGARI•, Madonna sits with child on her left arm.
diameter: 14,1mm, weight: 0,51g, axis: 7h,
mint mark: K-B, mint: Körmöczbánya, date: 1629 A.D.,
ref: Unger-917a, CNH-3-303, Huszár-1204,
Q-001
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Leopoldus-I-Denar_a-s.jpg
050 Leopoldus I., (Leopoldus I. of Habsburg), King of Hungary, (1657-1705 A.D.), H 1503, U 1107a, 1683, AR-Denarius, Körmöcbánya, Madonna and child, #01050 Leopoldus I., (Leopoldus I. of Habsburg), King of Hungary, (1657-1705 A.D.), H 1503, U 1107a, 1683, AR-Denarius, Körmöcbánya, Madonna and child, #01
avers: •LEOP•D•G•R•I•S•A•G•H•B•REX, Hungarian shield in a circle, mint-mark (K-B) on each side, border of dots.
reverse: PATRONA•HVNGA•1683, Madonna seated facing on a crescent in sunburst in a circle, holding infant Jesus in her left, border of dots.
diameter: mm, weight: g, axis: h,
mint: Hungary, mint mark: K/B//--, Körmöcbánya (Kremnitz, today Slovakia: Kremnica),
date: 1683 A.D., ref: Unger-1107a, CNH-, Huszar-1503/1683,
Q-001
quadrans
blank~36.jpg
130a. Leo IIEastern Augustus 18 January – November 474

Grandson of Leo I and son of Zeno; co-emperor since 17 November 473. A sickly child, who died at age 7.
lawrence c
s-l400_(52)~0.jpg
1672 KB - Hungary - 6 Krajczar, Silver, Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I Hungary - 1672, AR Six Krajczar coin.
Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I (the hogmouth) of the Hapsburg family that ruled Austria for centuries.

obv:" LEOPOLDUS.D.G.R.I.S.GE.HU.B.REX." - Laureate crowned, draped bust facing right, titles encircling designs.
Below Bust of Emperor ; Roman Numerals: "VI" encircled at 6 O'Clock, denomination, 6 Silver Krajczar.

rev:" PATRONA.HUNGARIÆ .1672. " - Madonna(Mary) holding Christ child in arms.
Coat of Arms below at 6 O'Clock.
2 commentsrexesq
hungary_1678_15-krajczar_02.JPG
1678 KB - Austria-Hungary - Hungary 1678 KB Silver 15 Krajczar Hungary, 1678 - Silver 15 krajczar.
Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I.
"K B" mintmark = Kremnitz (Kormoczbanya) Mint, Hungary.

obv: LEOPOLD.D:G.R.I.S.A.G.H.B.REX - Laureate bust right.
Roman numerals 'XV' below bust; 15 Krajczar, Silver.

rev: PATRONA . HUNGARIAE 16+78 - Radiating Madonna and child. -KB- on either side. Shield/Arms below.

Titles on both sides written on scrolls. Very nice.
rexesq
1797_Halfpenny_Token_Middlesex_(Mule).JPG
1797 AE Halfpenny, Middlesex County.Obverse: FREDk. DUKE OF YORK. Bare headed bust of Frederick Augustus, Duke of York, facing right; HALFPENNY 1795 in two lines below.
Reverse: RULE BRITANNIA. Britannia seated on globe facing left, left arm resting on shield and holding laurel-branch, right hand holding spear, ship's masts in front of her in background; 1797 in exergue.
Edge: Plain.
Diameter: 27mm | Die Axis: 6h | Obverse die flaw.
Dalton & Hamer: 990. Cobwright No: F.0010/R.0010. Not in Atkins.

Manufactured by William Lutwyche, Birmingham.
In the 18th century, token manufacturers often used their dies to their own advantage by striking “mules”, solely with the object of creating rare varieties which were sold to the collectors of the day.


Prince Frederick Augustus, Duke of York and Albany, was born on16th August 1763. He was the second eldest child, and second son, of King George III. Thrust into the British army at a very young age he was appointed a colonel by his father on 4th November 1780 when he was only 17 years old. He was created Duke of York and Albany on 27th November 1784.
On 26th May 1789 he took part a duel with Colonel Charles Lennox, who had insulted him; Lennox missed and Prince Frederick honourably refused to return fire.
On 12th April 1793 he was promoted to a full general and sent to Flanders in command of the British contingent destined for the invasion of France. Frederick's command fought under extremely trying conditions and though he won several notable engagements, he was defeated at the Battle of Hondschoote in September 1793. Then, in the 1794 campaign, he was successful at the battle of Willems in May but was defeated at the Battle of Tourcoing later that month.
Promoted to the rank of field marshal, on 3rd April 1795 he became effective Commander-in-Chief in succession to Lord Amherst and went with the army sent for the Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland in August 1799. A number of disasters befell the allied forces however and, on 17th October, the Duke signed the Convention of Alkmaar, by which the allied expedition withdrew after giving up its prisoners.
These military setbacks led to Frederick being mocked in the rhyme "The Grand Old Duke of York":
The grand old Duke of York,
He had ten thousand men.
He marched them up to the top of the hill
And he marched them down again.
And when they were up, they were up.
And when they were down, they were down.
And when they were only halfway up,
They were neither up nor down.

However, Frederick's experience in the Dutch campaign had demonstrated the numerous weaknesses of the British army after years of neglect so he carried through a massive programme of reform and he was the person most responsible for creating the force which served in the Peninsular War.
Frederick died of dropsy and apparent cardioid-vascular disease at the home of the Duke of Rutland on Arlington Street, London, on 5th January, 1827. After lying in state in London, his remains were interred in St. George's Chapel, at Windsor.
*Alex
IMG_3543~20.jpeg
1933-D Oregon Trail Memorial Silver Half DollarUSA, Oregon Trail Memorial Silver Half Dollar, 50 Cents, 1933-D, Oregon Trail Memorial commemorative, Breen 7471, SCWC KM 159, BU, slight strike softness on rear of wagon and pioneer, first commemorative coin struck at mint, edge milled, weight 12.5g (ASW 0.3617oz), composition 0.9 Ag, 0.1 Cu, diameter 30.6mm, thickness 2.15mm, die axis 180°, Denver, CO mint, 1933; obverse UNITED-STATES/OF-AMERICA in two lines across fields, Native American chief standing half-right, nude but for double-trailing eagle-feathered war bonnet, blanket draped over left shoulder, breechcloth and moccasins, holding bow in right hand, with left arm outstretched and hand upraised towards the east, before US map, with miniature Conestoga wagon train heading west along Oregon Trail above left, Hudson Bay visible above right, HALF-DOLLAR arcing below, mint mark D at bottom left behind Indian's moccasined feet, engraved by Laura Gardin Fraser, raised border surrounding; reverse IN GOD WE TRUST arcing above, Conestoga wagon carrying mother and child, drawn by two oxen, led by pioneer, holding staff with left hand over right shoulder, heading west over brow of hill towards large setting nine-rayed sun to left, OREGON TRAIL MEMORIAL/*****/1933 arcing in three lines in exergue, five stars for the Oregon Territory states of Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Wyoming and Montana, JEF/LGF (James Earle Fraser/Laura Gardin Fraser) monograms in two lines to right behind wagon, engraved by James Earle Fraser, raised border surrounding; from the Roger Belmar Collection; ex Baldwin's (8 Sep 2023); ex Sovereign Rarities auction 6 (28 Jun 2022), lot 322; £650.00.1 commentsSerendipity
IMG_3543~15.jpeg
1937-D Oregon Trail Memorial Silver Half DollarUSA, Oregon Trail Memorial Silver Half Dollar, 50 Cents, 1937-D, Oregon Trail Memorial commemorative, Breen 7475, SCWC KM 159, BU, edge milled, weight 12.5g (ASW 0.3617oz), composition 0.9 Ag, 0.1 Cu, diameter 30.6mm, thickness 2.15mm, die axis 180°, Denver, CO mint, 1937; obverse UNITED-STATES/OF-AMERICA in two lines across fields, Native American chief standing half-right, nude but for double-trailing eagle-feathered war bonnet, blanket draped over left shoulder, breechcloth and moccasins, holding bow in right hand, with left arm outstretched and hand upraised towards the east, before US map, with miniature Conestoga wagon train heading west along Oregon Trail above left, Hudson Bay visible above right, HALF-DOLLAR arcing below, mint mark D at bottom left behind Indian's moccasined feet, engraved by Laura Gardin Fraser, raised border surrounding; reverse IN GOD WE TRUST arcing above, Conestoga wagon carrying mother and child, drawn by two oxen, led by pioneer, holding staff with left hand over right shoulder, heading west over brow of hill towards large setting nine-rayed sun to left, OREGON TRAIL MEMORIAL/*****/1937 arcing in three lines in exergue, five stars for the Oregon Territory states of Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Wyoming and Montana, JEF/LGF (James Earle Fraser/Laura Gardin Fraser) monograms in two lines to right behind wagon, engraved by James Earle Fraser, raised border surrounding; from the Roger Belmar Collection; ex Coin Trust (31 Jul 2023), acquired from UK Collection; £215.00.Serendipity
CaligulaAE27Caesonia.jpg
1ao2 Caesonia (?)AE 27 of Carthago Nova, Spain

Laureate head of Caligula, right, C CAESAR AVG GERMANIS
Draped bust of Caesonia (as Salus) right, DN ATEL FLAC CN POM FLAC II VIR Q V I N C, SAL AVG across field

Generally held to portray the fourth wife of Caligula.

Sear 624

Caesonia, Milonia, (d41AD) was the fourth and last wife of Caligula. Her younger half-brother was the Consul Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo. Her niece, Domitia Longina, married Domitian. In 41, Caligula was assassinated and Caesonia and her daughter Julia Drusilla murdered.

Suetonius states: As for Caesonia, who was neither young nor beautiful, had three daughters by another man, and was wildly promiscuous and extravagant, he not only loved her more passionately for it, but also more faithfully, taking her out riding, and showing her to the soldiers, dressed in a cloak with helmet and shield: while he exhibited her to his friends stark naked. He did not honour her with the title of wife until she had given him a child, announcing his paternity and the marriage on the very same day. This child, whom he named Julia Drusilla, he carried round all the temples of the goddesses, before finally entrusting her to Minerva’s lap, calling on that goddess to nurture and educate his daughter. Nothing persuaded him more clearly that she was his own issue than her violent temper, which was so savage the infant would tear at the faces and eyes of her little playmates. . . .

And as [Caligula] kissed the neck of wife or sweetheart, he never failed to say: ‘This lovely thing will be slit whenever I say.’ Now and then he even threatened his dear Caesonia with torture, if that was the only way of discovering why he was so enamoured of her. . . . Some think that Caesonia his wife administered a love potion that had instead the effect of driving him mad.
Blindado
BalbinusSestFelicit.jpg
1cj Balbinus238

Sestertius

Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust, right, seen from front, right, IMP CAES D CAEL BALBINVS AVG
Felicitas standing facing, head left, holding caduceus in right hand, PM TR P COS II PP SC

RIC 18

Herodian wrote, continuing the story of the rebellions against Maximinus: When the death of the elder Gordian was reported at Rome, . . . the senate therefore thought it best to meet and consider what should be done. Since they had already cast the die, they voted to issue a declaration of war and choose two men from their own ranks to be joint emperors. . . . Other senators received votes, but on the final count [Pupienus] Maximus and Balbinus were elected joint emperors by majority opinion. . . .

[Pupienus] had held many army commands; appointed prefect of Rome, he administered the office with diligence and enjoyed among the people a good reputation for his understanding nature, his intelligence, and his moderate way of life. Balbinus, an aristocrat who had twice served as consul and had governed provinces without complaint, had a more open and frank nature. After their election, the two men were proclaimed Augusti, and the Senate awarded them by decree all the imperial honors.

While these actions were being taken on the Capitoline Hill, the people, whether they were informed by Gordian's friends and fellow countrymen or whether they learned it by rumor, filled the entire street leading up to the Capitol. The huge mob was armed with stones and clubs, for they objected to the Senate's action and particularly disapproved of [Pupienus]. The prefect ruled the city too strictly for the popular taste, and was very harsh in his dealings with the criminal and reckless elements of the mob. In their fear and dislike of [Pupienus], they kept shouting threats to kill both emperors, determined that the emperor be chosen from the family of Gordian and that the title remain in that house and under that name.

Balbinus and [Pupienus] surrounded themselves with an escort of swordsmen from the young equestrians and the discharged soldiers living in Rome, and tried to force their way from the Capitol. The mob, armed with stones and clubs, prevented this until, at someone's suggestion, the people were deceived. There was in Rome at that time a little child, the son of Gordian's daughter, who bore his grandfather's name.

The two emperors ordered some of their men to bring the child to the Capitol. Finding the lad playing at home, they lifted him to their shoulders and brought him to the Capitol through the midst of the crowd. Showing the boy to the people and telling them that he was the son of Gordian, they called him "Gordian," while the mob cheered the boy and scattered leaves in his path. The senate appointed him caesar, since he was not old enough to be emperor. The mob, placated, allowed the imperial party to proceed to the palace.

Blindado
J-Maesa-RIC-249var.jpg
21. J. Maesa denarius.Denarius, 218 - 220 AD, Antioch mint.
Obverse: IVLIA MAESA AVG / Bust of Julia Maesa.
Reverse: FECVNDITAS / Fecunditas seated, extending right hand holding a branch over a child, holding sceptre in left hand. Another child standing next to her.
3.03 gm., 18 mm.
RIC #249 var.; Sear #7748.

This coin is generally thought to have been minted during the reign of her other grandson, Elagabalus.
1 commentsCallimachus
08840p00.jpg
8. Plautilla, Augusta, silver Dearius, marriage issueVF 3.21 g, 20.2mm, 180º, Rome Mint, 202 AD
O: PLAVTILLAE AVGUSTAE
R: PROPAGO IMPERI, Carcalla standing l, holding Plautilla's hand, facing r. seems to imply a hope for an imperial child, yet this would be quite difficult, becuase of their mutual hatred of each other.
2 commentsEcgþeow
0130-310np_noir.jpg
Antoninus Pius, Sestertius -Sestertius minted in Rome, 159/160 AD
ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP TRP XXIII, Laureate head of Antoninus right
PIETATI AVG COS IIII, Pietas standing left, holding child, and two children at her feet, SC in field
26,32 gr
Ref : Cohen #621, RCV #4205
Potator II
As_fecunditas_child,_14_983g,_12h.jpg
As FECVNDITAS AVGVSTAEWeight, 12.984g; Die axis, 12h.mix_val
lead_seal_BCC_LS21.jpg
BCC LS21Lead Seal - Early Byzantine
6th-7th century CE
Obv:Facing portrait, Mother
and Child, nimbate, enthroned.
Rev: Very complex block monogram
possibly reading "of John, apo eparchon
(or apo hypaton)”, but there are
other possible solutions.
21.5 x 19mm. 6.47gm. Axis:0
Surface find Caesarea Maritima, 1970's
J. Berlin Caesarea Collection
1 commentsv-drome
HN_Italy_2497.jpg
Bruttium, Rhegion, 415-387 B.C., Drachm 14mm, 3.89 grams
Reference: Sear 502; B.M.C.1.38
Lion's scalp facing.
PHΓINON, Laureate head of Apollo right, olive-sprig behind.

"Dionysios I, after concluding a peace with the Carthaginians, went about securing his power in the island of Sicily. His troops, however, rebelled against him and sought help from, among others, the city of Rhegion (Diod. Sic. 14.8.2). In the ensuing campaigns, Dionyios I proceeded to enslave the citizens of Naxos and Katane, with whom the Rhegians shared a common history and identity (Diod. Sic. 14.40.1). This association was a source of anger and fear for the inhabitants of Rhegion. The Syracusan exiles living there also encouraged the Rhegians to go to war with Syracuse (Diod. Sic. 14.40.3). The overarching strategy of Dionysios I included extending his power into Italy by using Rhegion as a stepping stone to the rest of the peninsula. In 387 BC, after a siege that lasted eleven months, the Rhegians, on the brink of starvation, surrendered to Dionysus. Indeed, we are told that by the end of the siege, a medimnos of wheat cost about five minai (Diod. Sic. 14.111.2). Strabo remarks that, following Dionysios' capture of the city, the Syracusan “destroyed the illustrious city” (Strabo 6.1.6).

The next decade or so of the history of Rhegion is unclear, but sometime during his reign, Dionysios II, who succeeded his father in 367 BC, rebuilt the city, giving it the new name of Phoibia (Strabo 6.1.6). Herzfelder argues that this issue was struck by Dionysios II of Syracuse after he rebuilt the city, and dates it to the period that Dionysios II is thought to have lived in the city. Due to civil strife at Syracuse, Dionysios II was forced to garrison Region, but was ejected from the city by two of his rivals circa 351 BC (Diod. Sic. 16.45.9).

The coin types of Rhegion, founded as a colony of Chalcis, are related to its founding mythology. Some of the earliest tetradrachms of the city, from the mid-5th century BC, depict a lion’s head on the obverse, and a seated figure on the reverse. J.P. Six (in NC 1898, pp. 281-5) identified the figure as Iokastos, the oikistes (founder) of Rhegion (Diod. Sic. 5.8.1; Callimachus fr. 202). Head (in HN), suggested Aristaios, son of Apollo. Iokastos was one of six sons of Aiolos, ruler of the Aeolian Islands. All of the sons of Aiolos secured their own realms in Italy and Sicily, with Iokastos taking the region around Rhegion. Aristaios, born in Libya, discovered the silphium plant, and was the patron of beekeepers (mentioned by Virgil), shepherds, vintners, and olive growers. He also protected Dionysos as a child, and was the lover of Eurydike. The replacement of the seated figure type with the head of Apollo circa 420 BC also suggests the figure could be Aristaios. An anecdote from the first-century BC geographer Strabo (6.1.6 and 6.1.9), which connects Rhegion’s founding to the orders of the Delphic Oracle and Apollo, as the reason for the advent of the new type could be simply serendipitous.

Different theories exist for the lion’s head on the coins of Rhegion. The lion’s head (or mask as it is sometimes described) first appeared on the coinage of Rhegion at the start of the reign of Anaxilas, in about 494 BC. E.S.G. Robinson, in his article “Rhegion, Zankle-Messana and the Samians” (JHS vol. 66, 1946) argues that the lion was a symbol of Apollo. He makes a comparison to the coinage of the nearby city of Kaulonia, “At Kaulonia Apollo’s animal was the deer; if at Rhegion it was the lion, the early appearance and persistence of that type is explained. The lion is a certain, though infrequent, associate of Apollo at all periods.” The link, he suggests, is that the lion was associated with the sun, as was Apollo himself.

The lion’s head could also relate to the exploits of Herakles, who had some significance for the city. The extant sources tell us that Herakles stopped at southern Italy near Rhegion on his return with the cattle of Geryon (Diod. Sic. 4.22.5). It was here that supposedly a bull broke away from the rest of the herd and swam to Sicily (Apollod. 2.5.10). Though but a passing reference in Apollodorus, it is very possible that the Rhegians venerated Herakles. Indeed, Herakles was a very important figure throughout the entire area. Dionysios of Halicarnassus says that “in many other places also in Italy [besides Rome] precincts are dedicated to this god [Herakles] and altars erected to him, both in cities and along highways; and one could scarcely find any place in Italy in which the god is not honoured” (I.40.6). As the skin of the Nemean Lion was one of the main attributes of Herakles, the lion’s head may refer to him through metonymic association."
1 commentsLeo
DiadF.jpg
DiadumenianDiadumenian, as Caesar. 218 AD. AR Denarius 3.04 g. 2nd emission, July AD 217-March 218

O: M OPEL ANT DIADVMENIAN CAES, bare-headed and draped bust right
R: PRINC IVVENTVTIS, Diadumenian standing half-left, head right, holding standard and sceptre; two standards behind.
RIC IV 102 (Macrinus); BMCRE 87 (Macrinus); RSC 3.

Marcus Opellius Diadumenianus was born in 208. According to Aelius Lampridius, quoted below, the boy was so named because he was born with a diadem formed by a rolled caul.

“Now let us proceed to the omens predicting his imperial power — which are marvellous enough in the case of others, but in his case beyond the usual wont. 4 On the day of his birth, his father, who then chanced to be steward of the greater treasury, was inspecting the purple robes, and those which he approved as being brighter in hue he ordered to be carried into a certain chamber, in which two hours later Diadumenianus was born. 2 Furthermore, whereas it usually happens that children at birth are provided by nature with a caul, which the midwives seize and sell to credulous lawyers (for it is said that this bring luck to those who plead), 3 this child, instead of a caul, had a narrow band like a diadem, so strong that it could not be broken, for the fibres were entwined in the manner of a bow-string. 4 The child, they say, was accordingly called Diadematus, but when he grew older, he was called Diadumenianus from the name of his mother's father, though the name differed little from his former appellation Diadematus.”

His father Macrinus was hailed as Augustus in 217. Diadumenian, in turn, received the titles of Caesar and Prince of the Youth. He was also given the name Antoninus after the assassinated emperor Caracalla.

These titles are seen on this example as ANT and PRINC IVVENTVTIS.

When the armies of Elagabalus revolted at Emesa on May 16, 218, Macrinus traveled to the praetorian fortress at Apamaea to shore up (buy) support and to raise Diadumenian to the rank of Augustus. Still, Macrinus’ armies were defeated outside Antioch in less than a month.

10 year old Diadumenian was captured while fleeing to Zeugma and executed shortly thereafter. He reigned as Caesar for 13 months and as Augustus for less than one.

Although the Senate never confirmed Diadumenian’s title as Augustus, there is extremely rare silver (one or two pieces?) with Diadumenian as emperor. It is believed that a large issue was struck, only to be immediately recalled and melted down when the news of Macrinus’ defeat reached Rome.
5 commentsNemonater
DiadumenianStandards.jpg
DIADUMENIANDIADUMENIAN (Caesar, 217-218). Denarius. 2.53 g. 20mm, Rome mint.
O: M OPEL DIADVMENIAN CAES, Bareheaded, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Rev: PRINC IVVENTVTIS, Diadumenian standing left, holding baton; two signa to right.
-RIC 107.

1st emission of Macrinus, AD 217, only three examples in the Reka Devnia hoard.

Diadumenian's three main types as Caesar exactly correspond to Macrinus' three issues, which for their part can be approximately dated on the basis of the titles they bear and their volumes of issue as revealed by the Reka Devnia hoard. So Diadumenian's dates derive from those estimated for Macrinus.

Marcus Opellius Diadumenianus was born in 208. According to Aelius Lampridius, quoted below, the boy was so named because he was born with a diadem formed by a rolled caul.

“Now let us proceed to the omens predicting his imperial power — which are marvellous enough in the case of others, but in his case beyond the usual wont. 4 On the day of his birth, his father, who then chanced to be steward of the greater treasury, was inspecting the purple robes, and those which he approved as being brighter in hue he ordered to be carried into a certain chamber, in which two hours later Diadumenianus was born. 2 Furthermore, whereas it usually happens that children at birth are provided by nature with a caul, which the midwives seize and sell to credulous lawyers (for it is said that this bring luck to those who plead), 3 this child, instead of a caul, had a narrow band like a diadem, so strong that it could not be broken, for the fibres were entwined in the manner of a bow-string. 4 The child, they say, was accordingly called Diadematus, but when he grew older, he was called Diadumenianus from the name of his mother's father, though the name differed little from his former appellation Diadematus.”

His father Macrinus was hailed as Augustus on April 8, 217. Dio Cassius tells us that Diadumenian was named Caesar and Prince of the Youth by the Senate in May 217 as soon as news of Macrinus' accession reached Rome. A little later, Dio continues, news arrived that Diadumenian had independently been proclaimed Caesar by the soldiers at Zeugma, as he was on his way from Antioch to join Macrinus in Mesopotamia, and that he had also assumed Caracalla's name Antoninus. Hence this first short issue of coins in Rome is with the titles Caesar and Prince of the Youth, but still without Antoninus.

When the armies of Elagabalus revolted at Emesa on May 16, 218, Macrinus traveled to the praetorian fortress at Apamaea to shore up (buy) support and to raise Diadumenian to the rank of Augustus. Still, Macrinus’ armies were defeated outside Antioch in less than a month.

10 year old Diadumenian was captured while fleeing to Zeugma and executed shortly thereafter. He reigned as Caesar for 13 months and as Augustus for less than one.

Although the Senate never confirmed Diadumenian’s title as Augustus, there is extremely rare silver (one or two pieces?) with Diadumenian as emperor. It is believed that a large issue was struck, only to be immediately recalled and melted down when the news of Macrinus’ defeat reached Rome.
5 commentsNemonater
00085-Domitia.JPG
DomitiaDomitia Denarius
19 mm 3.36 gm
O: DOMITIA AVGVSTA IMP DOMIT
Draped bust right
R: PIETAS AVGVST
Pietas seated left, with sceptre in left hand and extending right hand to child, standing left
2 commentsKoffy
april_2012b.jpg
Faustina Junior, FecunditasFaustina Junior

FAVSTINA AVGVSTA
Draped bust right

FECVND AVGVSTAE
Fecunditas standing left with four children
(commemorates Faustina and Marcus Aurelius fourth surviving child, a daughter0

BMCRE 89; Cohen 95; RIC 676
Ar Denarius
2 commentsarizonarobin
Lg3_quart_sm.jpg
FAVSTINA AVGVSTA / AVGVSTI PII FIL / Ӕ As or Dupontius (156-161 A.D.)FAVSTINA AVGVSTA, draped bust right, hair arranged in a chignon (bun) behind the head / AVGVSTI PII FIL, Venus standing left holding Victory and leaning on shield set on a helmet, S-C across fields in the lower half

Ó”, 22.5-24+mm, 9.56g, die axis 11h

There may be a countermark across the front part of the face on obverse, but due to its location it is difficult to be sure and identify it.

AVGVSTI PII FIL(ia) = daughter of August Antoninus Pius, points out to the ruling of Fausta's father Antoninus Pius rather than her husband Marcus Aurelius. Reverse: Unlike Greek Aphrodite, in addition to her other aspects Roman Venus was also a goddess of victory, this embodied in her representation as Venus Victrix (Victorious) or Victris (of Victory), like in this case: she offers a little winged representation of victory, resting on defensive military attributes (as a female goddess, she represented passive, defensive aspects of war, active ones being the domain of male Mars). SC = [Ex] Senatus Consulto (Senatus is genitive, Consulto is ablative of Consultum) = by decree of the Senate, i. e. the authority of the Senate approved minting of this coin (necessary to justify issue of copper alloy coins for which the intrinsic value was not obvious).

Of two Ó” coins with the same legends and Venus with shield, RIC 1367 and 1389a, the first is a sestertius and its typical dimensions are characteristic of the type: 30+ mm and 20+g. This one is definitely smaller. Material seems reddish, so this one is more likely an as. Minted in Rome. Some sources give issue dates as 156-161 (the end of Faustina's father's reign), others as 145-146 (her marriage).

Annia Galeria Faustina Minor (Minor is Latin for the Younger), Faustina Minor or Faustina the Younger (born probably 21 September c. 130 CE, died in winter of 175 or spring of 176 CE) was a daughter of Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius and Roman Empress Faustina the Elder. She was a Roman Empress and wife to her maternal cousin Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius. She was held in high esteem by soldiers and her own husband and was given divine honours after her death. Faustina, named after her mother, was her parents' fourth and youngest child and their second daughter; she was also their only child to survive to adulthood. She was born and raised in Rome. Her great uncle, the emperor Hadrian, had arranged with her father for Faustina to marry Lucius Verus. On 25 February 138, she and Verus were betrothed. Verus’ father was Hadrian’s first adopted son and his intended heir; however, when Verus’ father died, Hadrian chose Faustina’s father to be his second adopted son, and eventually, successor. Faustina’s father ended the engagement between his daughter and Verus and arranged for Faustina's betrothal to her maternal cousin, Marcus Aurelius; Aurelius was also adopted by her father.

In April or May 145, Faustina and Marcus Aurelius were married, as had been planned since 138. Since Aurelius was, by adoption, Antoninus Pius' son, under Roman law he was marrying his sister; Antoninus would have had to formally release one or the other from his paternal authority (his patria potestas) for the ceremony to take place. Little is specifically known of the ceremony, but it is said to have been "noteworthy". Coins were issued with the heads of the couple, and Antoninus, as Pontifex Maximus, would have officiated. Marcus makes no apparent reference to the marriage in his surviving letters, and only sparing references to Faustina. Faustina was given the title of Augusta on 1 December 147 after the birth of her first child, Galeria Faustina (or Domitia? sources differ which of them was born in 147 and was the first child).

When Antoninus died on 7 March 161, Marcus and Lucius Verus ascended to the throne and became co-rulers. Faustina then became empress. Unfortunately, not much has survived from the Roman sources regarding Faustina's life, but what is available does not give a good report. Cassius Dio and the Augustan History accuse Faustina of ordering deaths by poison and execution; she has also been accused of instigating the revolt of Avidius Cassius against her husband. The Augustan History mentions adultery with sailors, gladiators, and men of rank; however, Faustina and Aurelius seem to have been very close and mutually devoted.

Faustina accompanied her husband on various military campaigns and enjoyed the love and reverence of Roman soldiers. Aurelius gave her the title of Mater Castrorum or ‘Mother of the Camp’. She attempted to make her home out of an army camp. Between 170–175, she was in the north, and in 175, she accompanied Aurelius to the east.

That same year, 175, Aurelius's general Avidius Cassius was proclaimed Roman emperor after the erroneous news of Marcus's death; the sources indicate Cassius was encouraged by Marcus's wife Faustina, who was concerned about her husband's failing health, believing him to be on the verge of death, and felt the need for Cassius to act as a protector in this event, since her son Commodus, aged 13, was still young. She also wanted someone who would act as a counterweight to the claims of Tiberius Claudius Pompeianus, who was in a strong position to take the office of Princeps in the event of Marcus’s death. The evidence, including Marcus's own Meditations, supports the idea that Marcus was indeed quite ill, but by the time Marcus recovered, Cassius was already fully acclaimed by the Egyptian legions of II Traiana Fortis and XXII Deiotariana. "After a dream of empire lasting three months and six days", Cassius was murdered by a centurion; his head was sent to Marcus Aurelius, who refused to see it and ordered it buried. Egypt recognized Marcus as emperor again by 28 July 175.

Faustina died in the winter of 175, after a somewhat suspicious accident, at the military camp in Halala (a city in the Taurus Mountains in Cappadocia). Aurelius grieved much for his wife and buried her in the Mausoleum of Hadrian in Rome. She was deified: her statue was placed in the Temple of Venus in Rome and a temple was dedicated to her in her honor. Halala’s name was changed to Faustinopolis and Aurelius opened charity schools for orphan girls called Puellae Faustinianae or 'Girls of Faustina'. The Baths of Faustina in Miletus are named after her.

In their thirty years of marriage, Faustina bore Marcus Aurelius thirteen children, of whom 6 reached adulthood and were significant in history. The best known are emperor Commodus and the closest to him sister Lucilla (both depicted in a very historically inaccurate movie "Gladiator" and, together with their parents, in a much more accurate 1st season "Reign of Blood" of the TV series "Roman Empire").
Yurii P
FAUSTJR-4~0.jpg
Fecunditas, goddess of fertilityFaustina Junior, wife of Marcus Aurelius. Augusta, 147-175/6 CE.
AR Denarius (19mm, 3.16g), Rome mint, 161-175 CE.
Obv: FAVSTINA AVGVSTA, draped bust right, a double band of pearls around her head.
Rev: FECVNDITAS, Fecunditas standing right, holding scepter & child.
RIC 677; RSC 99; BMC 91; Sear 5252; Cohen 99.

Although many coin reference books classify Fecunditas as a personification of fertility rather than as an actual deity, Fecunditas was recognized as a Roman divinity by Nero, who erected a statue to her. Tacitus notes that upon the birth of Claudia Neronis, the senate decreed the construction of a temple of Fertility to be built at Antium.

Fecunditas is always portrayed as a female figure holding a child, or children and often a scepter, cornucopia, palm branch or caduceus. Sometimes the children are depicted standing at her feet. Coins portraying her usually advertise the fertility of the imperial family who issued the coin.
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Herennia Etruscilla. AR Antoninianus. AD 249-251.Rome mint. (3.84g, 21mm.) HER ETRVSCILLA AVG, diademed and draped bust to right, set on crescent / FECVNDITAS AVG, Fecunditas standing to left, holding hand over child, standing to right, and cornucopiae. RIC IV 55b (Decius); RSC 8.

From a private UK collection.
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HUNGARY - MATHIAS I CORVINUSHUNGARY - MATHIAS I CORVINUS - (1458-1490) AR Groschen. K-P Mintmark. Obv: Hungarian arms with the Corvinus Raven superimposed. Reverse shows usual Madonna and child, Patrona Vngarie. Huszar #698.dpaul7
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HUNGARY: Ferdinand I (1526-1564), AR DenierObv: FERDINAND· D·G·R· VNG· 1554·; Coat of arms.
Rev: PATRONA· * ·VNGARIE; Madonna and Child, mintmark K B on either side.
issued 1554. Kremnitz Mint, 15mm.
ancientone
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II-TRAIANUS -a - Denar WOYTEK 0395Av) IMP TRAIANO AVG GER DAC PM TRP COS VI PP
Laureate bust with drapea on left shoulder right

Rv) SPQR OPTIMO PRINCIPI
Exergue: ALIM ITAL
Annona standing right, holding cornucopiae und corn ears,left stands a child, holding roll

Weight:3,4g; Ø: 19mm; Reference: RIC II/ 243; WOYTEK page 390/Nr.:395 (var. I); ROME mint struck 112 A.D.-113 A.D.
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ITALY, Normans in Calabria. Roger I. 1072-1101.Æ Trifollaro, 29x25mm, 8.2g, 11; Mileto, c. 1098-1101.
Obv.: ROC ERIVS COME +S . Knight with triangular shield and conical helmet, holding flag on long pole, on horse standing left.
Rev.: + MARIA MATER DИI . Enthroned nimbate Virgin holding on lap Christ child, nimbate and in swaddling clothes right.
Reference: CNI XVIII pg. 287, 15; Biaggi 1583; MEC 14, 93; Sambon 876 / 17-141-151
John Anthony
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Joe Geranio Collection -Cn. Domitius L.f. Ahenobarbus. 41-40 BC. AR Denariushe Republicans. Cn. Domitius L.f. Ahenobarbus. 41-40 BC. AR Denarius (20mm, 3.61 g, 7h). Uncertain mint along the Adriatic or Ionian Sea. Head right / Prow right surmounted by a military trophy. Crawford 519/2; CRI 339; Sydenham 1177; Domitia 21. Fine, lightly toned, minor porosity and scratches, banker’s mark on each side.

Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus accompanied his father at Corfinium and Pharsalus on the side of Pompey. After his pardon by Julius Caesar, he retired to Rome in 46 BC. After Caesar's assassination, Ahenobarbus supported Brutus and Cassius, and in 43 BC was condemned under the terms of the Lex Pedia for complicity in the assassination. Ahenobarbus achieved considerable naval success against the Second Triumvirate in the Ionian theater, where this denarius was certainly minted, but finally, through the mediation of Gaius Asinius Pollio, he reconciled with Mark Antony, who thereupon made him governor of Bithynia. He participated in Antony's campaign against the Parthians, and was consul in 32 BC. When war broke out between Antony and Octavian, Ahenobarbus initially supported Antony, but, disgusted by Antony’s relationship with Cleopatra, sided with Octavian shortly before Actium. His only child, Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, was married to Antonia Maior, the daughter of Mark Antony and Octavia. Their son, Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, married Agrippina Minor, the sister of the emperor Caligula, and was the father of the emperor Nero. Anyone may use as long as credited to Joe Geranio Collection.
Joe Geranio
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Kings of Aksum, Ezanas (Struck after his conversion to Christianity in 330 A.D.), BMC Aksum 90Kings of Aksum, Ezanas (Struck after his conversion to Christianity in 330 A.D.) c 330-350 A.D. AE, 0.60g 12mm, Munro-Hay 52; BMC Aksum 90
O: BACI ΛEΨC, draped bust right wearing headcloth
R: +TOV TO APECH TH XWPA (May This [the cross] Please the Country), small cross in circle (generally the interiors of the circle and cross were gilt with gold, but none is evident on this example)

Aksum was the first civilization anywhere to use the cross of Christ on its coins (Pankhurst 27), even before the Romans. King Ezana (also known as Abreha) was the first to do so around 330 CE (Pankhurst 27). Ezana became king sometime between 320-325 CE and as a child, he and his court, were converted to Christianity by Frumentius (Prouty and Rosenfeld 65). Ezana began to use the coins as propaganda to spread his religion by replacing the crescent symbols with the cross. Later rulers from late 4th and 5th centuries incorporated on the coins phrases such as ‘By the grace of God’ and ‘Christ is with us (Munro-Ray 190-2).’

The establishment of Christianity in Aksum saw the beginning of an active pilgrimage traffic between Ethiopia and the Holy Land. Pilgrims traveled down the Nile valley and then across to Palestine and Jerusalem. The pilgrims of course brought their coins with them, and the overt Christian symbolism appealed to the local communities through which they passed. As a result, Axumite bronze coins and local imitations of them saw considerable circulation in Egypt and Palestine. They have been found at numerous 4th to 6th century sites, circulating alongside the regular Roman and Byzantine nummi. A settlement of Coptic Ethiopian monks remains in Jerusalem to this day, their main shrine being on the roof of the Holy Sepulchre church, the only location permitted them by the more numerous Christian sects.

Aksum is the purported home of the Ark of the Covenant. According to regional tradition, the Ark is housed in the Church of Mary of Zion. The Ark, according to legends, was brought to Aksum by King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba's son and placed under guard. No one but the one guard priest is allowed in, and thus no one can verify the Ark's existence. According to the Kebra Nagast, when Menelik, came to visit his father in Jerusalem, his father gave him a copy of the Ark, and commanded the first-born sons of the elders of his kingdom to go to Ethiopia and settle there. The sons of the elders did not want to live away from the presence of the Ark, so they switched the copy with the original and smuggled the Ark out of the country. Menelik only learned that the original was with his group during the journey home.
2 commentscasata137ec
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Menainon, Sicily (under Roman Rule)After 212 BC
AE Tetras (17mm, 2.96g)
O: Veiled bust of Demeter right wreathed in grain, within dotted border.
R: Crossed torches; MENA / INΩN to either side, Δ below.
Calciati III 185, 5; HGC 2, 760; SNG ANS 290; SNG München 620; Sear 1129; BMC 98, 7
ex Forvm Ancient Coins

"Come, my daughter; for far-seeing Zeus the loud-thunderer calls you to join the families of the gods, and has promised to give you what rights you please among the deathless gods, and has agreed that for a third part of the circling year your daughter shall go down to darkness and gloom, but for the two parts shall be with you and the other deathless gods: so has he declared it shall be and has bowed his head in token. But come, my child, obey, and be not too angry unrelentingly with the dark-clouded Son of Cronos; but rather increase forthwith for men the fruit that gives them life."
~ Hymn to Demeter (Evelyn-White translation)
Enodia
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Moesia inferior, Nikopolis ad Istrum, 18. Caracalla, HrHJ (2018) 8.18.21.03Caracalla, AD 198-217
AE 26, 10.67g, 26.33mm, 210°
struck under governor Aurelius Gallus
obv. AV K.M.AVR. - ANTWNEINO - C (NE ligate)
laureate head r.
rev. VPA AVR GALLOV NIKOPOLITWN / PROC ICTR
Asklepiad Trias: On l. side Hygieia in long garment and mantle, stg. frontal, head r., feeding snake in r.
arm from patera in l. hand, on r. side Asklepios, in himation, stg. facing, l. hand akimbo, resting
with r. hand on snake-staff; between them small child, in short girded chiton with free arms, stg. frontal,
head r.
ref. a) not in AMNG:
rev. AMNG I/1, 1549 var. (legend, has ICTRO)
AMNG I/1, 1550 var. (depiction, pl. XVII, 9)
obv. AMNG I/1, 1551
b) not in Varbanov (engl.)
c) Hristova/Hoeft/Jekov (2018) No. 8.18.21.3 (same dies)
about VF, slightly rough

Usually the small child is called Telesphoros. But Telesphoros is distinguishable by its hooked mantle. And here the child obviously wears a short chiton! So it can't be Telesphoros! Please take a look at the thread 'Mythological interesting coins'.
Jochen
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Pherai, Thessaly302-286 BC
AR Hemidrachm (14-16mm, 2.44g)
O: Head of Hekate left, wearing laurel wreath, triple-pendant earring and plain necklace; torch over shoulder.
R: The nymph Hypereia standing left, placing right hand on lion-headed fountain from which water pours; [A]Σ/TO in two lines in wreath to left; ΦEPAIOYN to right.
SNG Cop 239; BCD Thessaly 714; Sear 2204; BMC 7, 20-21
From the BCD collection. ex Auctiones GmbH

... Hekate whom Zeus the son of Kronos honored above all. He gave her splendid gifts, to have a share of the earth and the unfruitful sea. She received honor also in starry heaven, and is honored exceedingly by the deathless gods... For as many as were born of Gaia and Ouranos amongst all these she has her due portion. The son of Kronos did her no wrong nor took anything away of all that was her portion among the former Titan gods: but she holds, as the division was at the first from the beginning, privilege both in earth, and in heaven, and in sea. Also, because she is an only child, the goddess receives not less honour, but much more still, for Zeus honors her.
~ Hesiod (Theogony, 404ff)
2 commentsEnodia
Hekate_Pherai~0.JPG
Pherai, Thessaly302-286 BC
AR Hemidrachm (14-16mm, 2.44g)
O: Head of Hekate left, wearing laurel wreath, triple-pendant earring and plain necklace; torch over shoulder.
R: The nymph Hypereia standing left, placing right hand on lion-headed fountain from which water pours; [A]Σ/TO in two lines in wreath to left; ΦEPAIOYN to right.
SNG Cop 239; BCD Thessaly 714; Sear 2204; BMC 7, 20-21
From the BCD collection. ex Auctiones GmbH

... Hekate whom Zeus the son of Kronos honored above all. He gave her splendid gifts, to have a share of the earth and the unfruitful sea. She received honor also in starry heaven, and is honored exceedingly by the deathless gods... For as many as were born of Gaia and Ouranos amongst all these she has her due portion. The son of Kronos did her no wrong nor took anything away of all that was her portion among the former Titan gods: but she holds, as the division was at the first from the beginning, privilege both in earth, and in heaven, and in sea. Also, because she is an only child, the goddess receives not less honour, but much more still, for Zeus honors her.
~ Hesiod (Theogony, 404ff)
Enodia
D60.jpg
RIC 0060Domitian AR Denarius
(3.24g)
Obv: IMP CAES DOMITIANVS AVG PONT, Kopf mit Lorbeerkranz n. r.
Rev: TR P COS VII DES VIII P P, Minerva steht mit Schild, Lanze und Victoriola n. l.
RIC 60
Purchased from Kolner Munzcabinet
1 commentsorfew
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RIC 0156 DomitiaObv : DOMITIA AVGVSTA IMP DOMIT, Draped bust right
Rev : PIETAS AVGVST, Pietas seated left, with sceptre in left hand and extending right hand to child, standing left
AR/Denarius (19.10 mm 2.689 gr 6h 25% of the coin is missing) Struck in Rome 82-83 A.D.
RIC 156 (R2, Domitian), RSC 12, BMCRE 65-6, BNF 72
Acquired from Marcantica on VCoins
1 commentsFlaviusDomitianus
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RIC 287 DomitianÆ Dupondius, 10.62g
Rome mint, 85 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMITIAN AVG GERM COS XI; Head of Domitian, radiate, bearded, r., with aegis
Rev: ANNONA AVG; S C in exergue; Annona, std r., holding open on lap by two ends bag full of corn-ears; in front of her stands a small figure, l., also holding two ends of bag, and in the background, stern of ship
RIC 287 (R). BMC 305. BNC -.
Acquired from London Ancient Coins, November 2020.

A most curious reverse type was struck for Domitian on his dupondii for a short period between 84-88. Here we see Annona seated holding open a bag(?) of corn-ears and a mysterious small figure standing before her holding the other end of the bag with a ship's stern in the background. Overall, the reverse likely alludes to Domitian's care of the corn supply, hinted at by the stern, here a symbol of the all important African grain ships. The small individual before Annona has variously been described as a 'boy', a 'child', or ambiguously as just a 'figure'. H. Mattingly has the most imaginative explanation in BMCRE II - 'Annona herself, the spirit of the corn-supply, and the ship, the symbol of the overseas corn, are familiar: but who is the small figure who stands before her? He is certainly no child, but only a man reduced to tiny proportions beside the goddess; and the fact that he is bare to the waist may suggest that he is an Italian farmer. If this interpretation is right, the type records a definite policy of Domitian to encourage the growing of corn in Italy.' Mattingly may be correct about the overall meaning, but I think the figure is indeed a child, symbolic of the emperor's care, through Annona's auspices, for his subjects. Rare variant with aegis.


3 commentsDavid Atherton
D367.jpg
RIC 367 DomitianÆ Dupondius, 11.64g
Rome mint, 85 AD
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM COS XI CENS POT P P; Head of Domitian, radiate, bearded, r., with aegis
Rev: ANNONA AVG; S C in exergue; Annona, std r., holding open on lap by two ends bag full of corn-ears; in front of her stands a small figure, l., also holding two ends of bag, and in the background, stern of ship
RIC 367 (C). BMC 347. BNC 364.
Ex eBay, August 2019.

A most curious reverse type was struck for Domitian on his dupondii for a short period between 84-88. Here we see Annona seated holding open a bag(?) of corn-ears and a mysterious small figure standing before her holding the other end of the bag with a ship's stern in the background. Overall, the reverse likely alludes to Domitian's care of the corn supply, hinted at by the stern, here a symbol of the all important African grain ships. The small individual before Annona has variously been described as a 'boy', a 'child', or ambiguously as just a 'figure'. H. Mattingly has the most imaginative explanation in BMCRE II - 'Annona herself, the spirit of the corn-supply, and the ship, the symbol of the overseas corn, are familiar: but who is the small figure who stands before her? He is certainly no child, but only a man reduced to tiny proportions beside the goddess; and the fact that he is bare to the waist may suggest that he is an Italian farmer. If this interpretation is right, the type records a definite policy of Domitian to encourage the growing of corn in Italy.' Mattingly may be correct about the overall meaning, but I think the figure is indeed a child, symbolic of the emperor's care, through Annona's auspices, for his subjects.

Flatly struck on one side, but in fine style.
8 commentsDavid Atherton
herreniafecunditas.jpg
ROMAN EMPIRE, Herennia Etruscilla - FECVNDITAS AVGAR Antoninianus
Obv: HER ETRVSCILLA AVG - Diademed & Draped Bust on crescent right
Rev: FECVNDITAS AVG - Fecundicitas standing left, holding hand over child, holding cornucopiae
RIC 55b, Cohen 8
James S2
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Theodora, stepmother of Constantine I. Pietas Follis of Trier.Roman Empire. Theodora, stepmother of Constantine I. †328 AD. BI Follis (1.53 gm, 13.8mm, 1h) of Trier, 337-340 AD. Draped bust with necklace right, FL MAX THEODORAE AVG. / Pietas standing, facing, head right, holding child, PIETAS ROMANA. Ex: TRP, palm to right. VF. Pegasi Numismatics Auction 23 #626. RIC VIII p.144 #91; Cohen 4; LRBC I #129; SRCV V #17502.Anaximander
vava.jpg
Valerianus II, AntoninianusRome Mint,
VALERIANVS CAES, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
IOVI CRESCENTI, Jupiter, as a child, riding goat.
3,20
Ref: RIC 3
4 commentsbyzancia
Walt_Whitman_1971_NYU_Hall_of_Fame.JPG
Walt Whitman, 1971 NYU Hall of Fame MedalObv: WALT WHITMAN - 1819 - 1892, bust of Walt Whitman facing right.

Rev: THE HALL OF FAME FOR GREAT AMERICANS AT NEW YORK UNIVERSITY, seven figures representing a brick layer, an industrial worker, a gentleman/businessman, a woman with a child, a woman scrubbing a floor, and a man working a plow in a field. Whitman quote in exergue: "EACH OF US INEVITABLE, EACH OF US LIMITLESS EACH OF US WITH HIS OR HER RIGHT UPON THE EARTH." ©1971.

Category: Literature

Year Elected: 1930

Medal Issued: 1971

Sculptor: Dexter Jones

Mint: Medallic Art Company

Details: Bronze, 76 mm, 0°
Matt Inglima
Walt_Whitman_1971_NYU_Hall_of_Fame_Medal_44mm.JPG
Walt Whitman, 1971 NYU Hall of Fame MedalObv: WALT WHITMAN - 1819 - 1892, bust of Walt Whitman facing right.

Rev: THE HALL OF FAME FOR GREAT AMERICANS AT NEW YORK UNIVERSITY, seven figures representing a brick layer, an industrial worker, a gentleman/businessman, a woman with a child, a woman scrubbing a floor, and a man working a plow in a field. Whitman quote in exergue: "EACH OF US INEVITABLE, EACH OF US LIMITLESS EACH OF US WITH HIS OR HER RIGHT UPON THE EARTH." ©1971.

Category: Literature

Year Elected: 1930

Medal Issued: 1971

Sculptor: Dexter Jones

Mint: Medallic Art Company

Details: Bronze, 44 mm, 0°
Matt Inglima
WURZBURG 1763 20 KREUZER.jpg
WURZBURG - ADAM FRIEDRICHWURZBURG - ADAM FRIEDRICH (1755-1779) AR 20 Kreuzer. 1763.
Obv.: AD FRI D G EP RAM ET WIR S R I P F O D around bust right. L beneath bust.
Rev.: Radiate madonna and child, over crescent moon rusting atop "20" in cartouche. 60 EINE FEINE MARCK 1763 around.
Reference: c-39.
dpaul7
JuliaDomnaRICIV560.jpg
[1003c] Julia Domna, Augusta 194 - 8 April 217 A.D.AR Denarius; RIC IV 560; 16.89 mm, 3.5 grams; AD 196-202; VF, Rome mint; Obverse: IVLIA AVGVSTA, Draped bust right; Reverse: IVNO REGINA, Juno standing left holding patera and sceptre, peacock at feet. A nice denarius on a smallish flan. Ex Ancient Imports.

De Imperatoribus Romanis, An On-Line Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors

Severan Julias (A.D. 193-235)


Herbert W. Benario
Emory University

Julia Domna was born about 170 A.D., in Emesa of Syria. She was the youngest daughter of Julius Bassianus, priest of the sun god Elagabal. As such, she was part of the local aristocracy from a plebian family. Having come to the attention of Severus because of her promising horoscope, he married her, probably in 187 A.D. She gave birth to their first child, Bassianus, the future emperor M. Aurelius Antoninus, known as Caracalla, on 4 April 188. About thirteen months later, she gave birth to a second son, Geta.

When Septimius Severus claimed the empire after Didius Julianus had succeeded Pertinax in 193 A.D., two serious rivals challenged him, Pescennius Niger in the East and Clodius Albinus in the West. Julia Domna accompanied her husband in the campaign against Pescennius, having been honored with the title mater castrorum. After this successful campaign, there was another campaign in the East, against the Parthians, in 197 A.D. She was widely honored with inscriptions throughout this period, and numerous coin issues emphasized her imperial position. Julia Domna was, perhaps, more influential in the political life of the empire than any of her imperial predecessors.

She opposed Plautianus, the praetorian prefect and father-in-law of Caracalla, and was partially responsible for his downfall and his daughter Plautilla's disgrace. She was often accused of adultery; nonetheless, the emperor chose to ignore these charges, if true, and the marriage continued.

Among her passions were literature and philosophy; she gathered writers and philosophers in a kind of salon (among whom was Galen of Pergamum), and urged Philostratus to write the life of Apollonius of Tyana.

She once again accompanied her husband, with the two sons present as well, on campaign, against the Britons in 208 A.D. When Severus died at York in early 211 A.D., she returned to Rome with Caracalla and Geta, having gained the full title of mater castrorum et senatus et patriae, with the frequent addition of et Augustorum. She persuaded the two sons to share the rule, as the emperor had wished on his deathbed, but, since the brothers hated each other, this arrangement was doomed to failure. In 212 A.D., Caracalla murdered Geta while he sought succor in his mother's arms; covered with his blood, she was forbidden by Caracalla to grieve.

Her relationship with Caracalla during the six years of his reign was mixed. She had some public duties but largely devoted herself to philosophy. She accompanied Caracalla to the east on campaign against the Parthians in 217 A.D. When she learned, in Antioch, that he had been assassinated, she resolved upon death, which followed her refusal to take food. Her remains were ultimately placed in Hadrian's Mausoleum, at the insistence of Maesa, her sister. She was deified, and was known as Diva Iulia Domna or Diva Iulia Augusta. She was worshipped in various parts of the empire with local titles, such as Dea Caelestis in Carthage and Venus Caelestis in Puteoli.

By Herbert W. Benario, Emory University
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.

Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.

If you are interested in Julia Domna, visit Ernie Thompson’s site: The Life, Family and Coinage of Julia Domna (http://juliadomna.ancients.info/).
1 commentsCleisthenes
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