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Denarius - 78 BC. Rome mint
M. VOLTEIVS M. f. - Gens Volteia
Obv.:Head of young Hercules right, wearing lion skin
Rev.: Erymathian Boar right, M VOLTEI M F in exergue.
Gs. 3,8 mm. 18,57
Crawf. 385/2, Sear RCV 313, Grueber 3158
Maxentius
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ANTONINUS PIUS
Sestertius 145-161 A.D.
30.5 mm, 22.2 grams
OBV: ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP TRP COS IIII, laureate head right.
REV: LIBERALITAS AVG V, Liberalitas standing left,holding account-board and cornucopiae.
S-C in field
RIC- III -776
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1st Century CE, IRON AGE BRITAIN, Tribe: Iceni, AR Unit, Struck c.60 - 61 under Boudica (Boadicea)Obverse: No legend. Abstract Celtic style head with slit for eye and no ear facing right. Three pellets below head, branch emblem behind neck.
Reverse: No legend. Celtic style horse facing right, lozenge-shaped box with pellets on outer corners below horse. Section of large elaborate wheel-like object above horse, pellet below horse's tail.
Class: Icenian O
Diameter: 14mm | Weight: 0.9gms | Axis: 10
Spink: 434
The first known recorded example of this coin was made by William Stukely, an English antiquarian whose ideas influenced various antiquaries throughout the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Stukeley published over twenty books on archaeology and other subjects during his lifetime and he is regarded as an important forerunner of archaeology for his emphasis on methodically measuring and documenting ancient sites. He died of a stroke in early 1765.
The theory that this coinage was connected with Boudica was originally reported in 1987 and this was endorsed by R D Van Arsdell, an authority on the Celtic coinage of Britain, as Boudican in the 1990's. At the time though this was disputed by many in the numismatic community, some of whom continued to rely on older studies that lumped all "Face-Horse" coins together in a group dating before 20 CE.
However, John Talbot of the University of Oxford carried out research on these issues and, as his die-link and hoard work gradually progressed through the 1990's into the early twenty-first century, these coins were confirmed to be the final coinage of the Iceni. As Talbot's findings were only gradually revealed over a period of time, the accepted dating used in some dealer catalogues did not always keep up with the latest information. During his studies, Talbot discovered that coins from several die sets are only found in the Boudican Rebellion hoards. He also confirmed that these coins were struck in abnormally great numbers for any Icenian issue. But, because he was not certain that this was enough evidence to date the coins to 61 CE. he suggested only that they could have been struck any time after the Claudian Invasion of 43 CE.
Considering though that some die sets are known only from the Boudican Rebellion hoards, that it is still the case that these coins appear in uncirculated condition in the hoards, and that to date none of these coins have been found from secure contexts earlier than the time of the Boudican rebellion, it would appear that the 1987 report was essentially correct and these coins must have been struck nearer to the date of the Boudican Rebellion than earlier, possibly in connection with the financing of that rebellion. The conclusion now is that these coins can, with some confidence, be attributed to Boudica.
THE ICENI
The Iceni were a tribe located in eastern Britain during the Iron Age and the early Roman era. Their territory was bordered by the Corieltauvi to the west, and the Catuvellauni and Trinovantes to the south. In the Roman period, their capital was Venta Icenorum at modern-day Caistor St Edmund.
Julius Caesar did not mention the Iceni in his account of his invasions of Britain in 55 and 54 BC, though they may have been related to the Cenimagni, whom Caesar notes as living north of the River Thames at that time. The Iceni were a significant power in eastern Britain during Claudius I's conquest of Britain in AD 43, in which they allied with Rome. Increasing Roman influence on their affairs led to a revolt in AD 47, though they remained nominally independent under king Prasutagus up until his death around AD 60. Roman encroachment after Prasutagus' death led his wife Boudica to launch a major revolt from 60–61. Boudica's uprising seriously endangered Roman rule in Britain and resulted in the burning of Londinium and other cities. The Romans finally crushed the rebellion, and the Iceni were eventually incorporated into the Roman province.
Archaeological evidence of the Iceni includes torcs, which are heavy rings of gold, silver or electrum worn around the neck and shoulders. The Iceni began producing coins around 10 BC. Their coins were a distinctive adaptation of the Gallo-Belgic "face/horse" design, and in some early issues, most numerous near Norwich, the horse was replaced with a boar. Some coins are inscribed ECENI, making them the only coin-producing group to use their tribal name on coins. The earliest personal name to appear on coins is Antedios (about 10 BC), and other abbreviated names like AESU and SAEMU followed. The name of Prasutagus also appears on some coins as PRASTO.
QUEEN BOUDICA
Queen Boudica was married to Prasutagus, ruler of the Iceni people of East Anglia. When the Romans conquered southern England in AD 43, they allowed Prasutagus to continue to rule. However, when Prasutagus died he left a will dividing his lands between the Roman emperor and his family. The Romans decided to rule the Iceni directly and confiscated all the king's property. When this was contested they are said to have stripped and flogged Boudica and raped her daughters. These actions exacerbated the widespread resentment at Roman rule.
In 60 or 61 AD, while the Roman governor Gaius Suetonius Paullinus was leading a campaign in North Wales, the Iceni rebelled, other tribes joined them, and Boudica led a major uprising against the occupying Roman forces.
Boudica's warriors defeated the Roman Ninth Legion and destroyed the then capital of Roman Britain, Camulodunum (Colchester). They then went on to destroy Londinium (London) and Verulamium (St Albans) killing thousands in the process. Finally, Boudica was defeated by a Roman army led by Paulinus. A great number of her army were killed and, though Boudica's fate is unknown, she is alleged to have either died in battle or poisoned herself to avoid capture. The site of the battle which brought an end to her uprising is also unknown.
The photograph below is of the Victorian statue of Boudica (Boadicea) situated on the Thames embankment in London.
CLICK ON THE IMAGES BELOW TO ENLARGE THEM
  *Alex
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3 Tiberius DenariusTIBERIUS
AR Denarius (3.5 g)
Lugdunum mint, struck 18-35 AD
TI CAESAR DIVI AVG F AVGVSTVS - Laureate head right / PONTIF MAXIM; Livia, as Pax, seated r., holding olive branch & long scepter; ornate chair legs
RIC 30; BMCRE 48; RSC 16a.
Cleaning scratches. Discussed and authenticated on FORVM ancient coins board
RI0051Sosius
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65Carausius 287-93 AD
AE antoninianus
Obv "IMP CARAVSIVS PF AVG"
Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev "LEG II PARTH"
Boar standing right
London mint
-/-//ML
RIC 65mauseus
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15 HadrianHADRIAN
BI tetradrachm, Alexandria mint, 11.1g, 25.1mm
29 Aug 125 - 28 Aug 126 A.D.
ΑΥΤ ΚΑΙ ΤΡΑΙ Α∆ΡΙΑ CΕΒ, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, wearing aegis, from behind / L ∆Ε KATOV (year 10), Canopus jar of Osiris, ornamented with figures, wearing crown of horns, uraei disk, and plumes
Kampmann-Ganschow 32.351; Geissen 903; Dattari 1326; Milne 1154; BMC Alexandria p. 75, 630; Emmett 827
Choice gVF
Purchased from FORVM
Note that at some point in this coin's history, it seems to have been used a host for very poor quality fakes. After discussion on the FORVM board, I am comfortable that this coin is indeed the original. Shame on the former owner that used it for copies!
During the mummification process, large organs, such as the liver, lungs, stomach and intestines were extracted and placed in four jars. In the Ptolemaic period, the Greeks called these jars "canopic jars," relating them to the deity of the old city Canop (now a village in Abu Kyr). The heart was left in the body because it held the spirit, understanding and senses and would be needed on the Day of Judgment in the underworld. -- FORVM
RI0073Sosius
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23 Pescennius Niger DenariusPESCENNIUS NIGER
AR Denarius (3.2g), Antioch Mint
April to 1 June 193 - May 194 A.D.
O: IMP CAES C PESC NIGER IVST AVG, laureate head right
R: VIC-TO-RIAE AVG, winged Victory standing Ll., nude to the waist, wreath in right. hand, left hand on hip holding skirt
RSC III 75h, RIC IV 87d var
Ex Lucernae (VCoins)
Coin discussed and authenticated on FORVM discussion board, 12/12/12
RI0131Sosius
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26 Geta?Never nailed this one down. It was discussed here:
http://www.forumancientcoins.com/board/index.php?topic=70693.msg443086#msg443086
From FORVM member Pscipio:
"Probably Geta as Caesar rather than Caracalla, cf. SNG Aulock 7165 for what looks like an obverse die match (different reverse type). Note that a similar left facing portrait also exists for Caracalla, but laureate, thus as Augustus: SNG Aulock 7162, which is clearly from the same hand and therefore probably belongs to the same emission.
The countermark appears to be Howgego 68."Sosius
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4 Trebonianus GallusTREBONIANUS GALLUS
Æ 30mm of Antioch, Syria.
O: AVTOK K G OVIB TPEB GALLOC CEB, laureate, draped & cuirassed bust r.; viewed from behind
R: ANTIOCEWN MHTRO KOLWN D-E, SC in ex, tetrastyle temple of Tyche of Antioch, river-god Orontes swimming at her feet; above shrine, ram leaping r.
Sear 2809, SNGCop 292, BMC 654, SGI 4350.
Coin discussed and authenticated on FORVM boardSosius
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radiate, draped, cuirassed bust rightTetricus I, Antoninianus.
IMP C TETRICVS PF AVG, radiate, draped, cuirassed bust right.
COMES AVG, Victory standing left, holding wreath and palm.lorry66
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ROME
PB Tessera (12mm, 1.25 g, 2 h)
Mars advancing left, holding spear over shoulder
Boar
Rostowzew -; München 26Ardatirion
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NORTHERN GREECE, Uncertain
PB Tessera (16mm, 4.01 g)
Boar at bay right
Hound standing right
Ex Classical Numismatics Group 85 (15 September 2010), lot 330a
Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera
Boar running right; [...]YX above, V below
Δ
Gülbay & Kireç -Ardatirion
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"As de Nîmes" or "crocodile" Ӕ dupondius of Nemausus (9 - 3 BC), honoring Augustus and AgrippaIMP DIVI F , Heads of Agrippa (left) and Augustus (right) back to back, Agrippa wearing rostral crown and Augustus the oak-wreath / COL NEM, crocodile right chained to palm-shoot with short dense fronds and tip right; two short palm offshoots left and right below, above on left a wreath with two long ties streaming right.
Ó”, 24.5 x 3+ mm, 13.23g, die axis 3h; on both sides there are remains of what appears to be gold plating, perhaps it was a votive offering? Rough edges and slight scrapes on flan typical for this kind of coin, due to primitive technology (filing) of flan preparation.
IMPerator DIVI Filius. Mint of COLonia NEMausus (currently Nîmes, France). Known as "As de Nîmes", it is actually a dupontius (lit. "two-pounder") = 2 ases (sometimes cut in halves to get change). Dupondii were often made out of a golden-colored copper alloy (type of brass) "orichalcum" and this appears to be such case.
Key ID points: oak-wreath (microphotography shows that at least one leaf has a complicated shape, although distinguishing oak from laurel is very difficult) – earlier versions have Augustus bareheaded, no PP on obverse as in later versions, no NE ligature, palm with short fronds with tip right (later versions have tip left and sometimes long fronds). Not typical: no clear laurel wreath together with the rostral crown, gold (?) plating (!), both features really baffling.
But still clearly a "middle" kind of the croc dupondius, known as "type III": RIC I 158, RPC I 524, Sear 1730. It is often conservatively dated to 10 BC - 10 AD, but these days it is usually narrowed to 9/8 - 3 BC.
It is a commemorative issue, honoring the victory over Mark Antony and conquest of Egypt in 30 BC. The heads of Augustus and Agrippa were probably positioned to remind familiar obverses of Roman republican coins with two-faced Janus. Palm branch was a common symbol of victory, in this case grown into a tree, like the victories of Augustus and Agrippa grown into the empire. The two offshoots at the bottom may mean two sons of Agrippa, Gaius and Lucius, who were supposed to be Augustus' heirs and were patrons of the colony. Palm may also be a symbol of the local Nemausian deity, which was probably worshiped in a sacred grove. When these coins were minted, the colony was mostly populated by the settled veterans of Augustus' campaigns, hence the reminiscence of the most famous victory, but some of the original Celtic culture probably survived and was assimilated by Romans. The crocodile is not only the symbol of Egypt, like in the famous Octavian's coins AEGYPTO CAPTA. It is also a representation of Mark Antony, powerful and scary both in water and on land, but a bit slow and stupid. The shape of the crocodile with tail up was specifically chosen to remind of the shape of ship on very common "legionary" denarius series, which Mark Antony minted to pay his armies just before Actium. It is probably also related to the popular contemporary caricature of Cleopatra, riding on and simultaneously copulating with a crocodile, holding a palm branch in her hand as if in triumph. There the crocodile also symbolized Mark Antony.
Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa was born c. 64-62 BC somewhere in rural Italy. His family was of humble and plebeian origins, but rich, of equestrian rank. Agrippa was about the same age as Octavian, and the two were educated together and became close friends. He probably first served in Caesar's Spanish campaign of 46–45 BC. Caesar regarded him highly enough to send him with Octavius in 45 BC to train in Illyria. When Octavian returned to Rome after Caesar's assassination, Agrippa became his close lieutenant, performing many tasks. He probably started his political career in 43 BC as a tribune of the people and then a member of the Senate. Then he was one of the leading Octavian's generals, finally becoming THE leading general and admiral in the civil wars of the subsequent years.
In 38 as a governor of Transalpine Gaul Agrippa undertook an expedition to Germania, thus becoming the first Roman general since Julius Caesar to cross the Rhine. During this foray he helped the Germanic tribe of Ubii (who previously allied themselves with Caesar in 55 BC) to resettle on the west bank of the Rhine. A shrine was dedicated there, possibly to Divus Caesar whom Ubii fondly remembered, and the village became known as Ara Ubiorum, "Altar of Ubians". This quickly would become an important Roman settlement. Agrippina the Younger, Agrippa's granddaughter, wife of Emperor Claudius and mother of Emperor Nero, would be born there in 15 AD. In 50 AD she would sponsor this village to be upgraded to a colonia, and it would be renamed Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium (colony of Claudius [at] the Altar of Agrippinians – Ubii renamed themselves as Agrippinians to honor the augusta!), abbreviated as CCAA, later to become the capital of new Roman province, Germania Inferior.
In 37 BC Octavian recalled Agrippa back to Rome and arranged for him to win the consular elections, he desperately needed help in naval warfare with Sextus Pompey, the youngest son of Pompey the Great, who styled himself as the last supporter of the republican cause, but in reality became a pirate king, an irony since his father was the one who virtually exterminated piracy in all the Roman waters. He forced humiliating armistice on the triumvirs in 39 BC and when Octavian renewed the hostilities a year later, defeated him in a decisive naval battle of Messina. New fleet had to be built and trained, and Agrippa was the man for the job. Agrippa's solution was creating a huge secret naval base he called Portus Iulius by connecting together lakes Avernus, Avernus and the natural inner and outer harbors behind Cape Misenum at the northern end of the Gulf of Naples. He also created a larger type of ship and developed a new naval weapon: harpax – a ballista-launched grapnel shot with mechanisms that allowed pulling enemy ships close for easy boarding. It replaced the previous boarding device that Romans used since the First Punic War, corvus – effective, but extremely cumbersome. A later defence against it were scythe blades on long poles for cutting ropes, but since this invention was developed in secret, the enemy had no chance to prepare anything like it. It all has proved extremely effective: in a series of naval engagements Agrippa annihilated the fleet of Sextus, forced him to abandon his bases and run away. For this Agrippa was awarded an unprecedented honour that no Roman before or after him received: a rostral crown, "corona rostrata", a wreath decorated in front by a prow and beak of a ship.
That's why Virgil (Aeneid VIII, 683-684), describing Agrippa at Actium, says: "…belli insigne superbum, tempora navali fulgent rostrata corona." "…the proud military decoration, gleams on his brow the naval rostral crown". Actium, the decisive battle between forces of Octavian and Mark Antony, may appear boring compared to the war with Sextus, but it probably turned out this way due to Agrippa's victories in preliminary naval engagements and taking over all the strategy from Octavian.
In between the wars Agrippa has shown an unusual talent in city planning, not only constructing many new public buildings etc., but also greatly improving Rome's sanitation by doing a complete overhaul of all the aqueducts and sewers. Typically, it was Augustus who later would boast that "he had found the city of brick but left it of marble", forgetting that, just like in his naval successes, it was Agrippa who did most of the work. Agrippa had building programs in other Roman cities as well, a magnificent temple (currently known as Maison Carrée) survives in Nîmes itself, which was probably built by Agrippa.
Later relationship between Augustus and Agrippa seemed colder for a while, Agrippa seemed to even go into "exile", but modern historians agree that it was just a ploy: Augustus wanted others to think that Agrippa was his "rival" while in truth he was keeping a significant army far away from Rome, ready to come to the rescue in case Augustus' political machinations fail. It is confirmed by the fact that later Agrippa was recalled and given authority almost equal to Augustus himself, not to mention that he married Augustus' only biological child. The last years of Agrippa's life were spent governing the eastern provinces, were he won respect even of the Jews. He also restored Crimea to Roman Empire. His last service was starting the conquest of the upper Danube, were later the province of Pannonia would be. He suddenly died of illness in 12 BC, aged ~51.
Agrippa had several children through his three marriages. Through some of his children, Agrippa would become ancestor to many subsequent members of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. He has numerous other legacies.Yurii P
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(0098) TRAJAN--BOAR98 - 117 AD
AE QUADRANS 2.96 g 14 mm
IMP CAES NERVA TRAIAN AVG
O: HEAD OF BEARDED HERACLES RIGHT
R: BOAR STANDING RIGHT, SC BELOW
RCV I 3248
(ex Aegean Numasmatics)laney
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*SOLD*Philip I AR Antoninianus
Attribution: RIC 26b, RSC 3
Date: AD 245
Obverse: IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG, radiate bust r.
Reverse: ADVENTVS AVGG, emperor on horseback l. raising hand
Size: 22 mm
Weight: 3.75 gramsNoah
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005a6. ClaudiusClaudius
Imitative Sestertius
32mm, 12.5 g.
Claudius AE Sestertius. TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP P P, laureate head right / SPES AVGVSTA, S C in exergue, Spes walking left, holding flower and lifting hem of skirt.
Similar to RIC 115.
NOTE: Based on discussions on the Forum discussion board, these imitative sestertii were minted primarily in Britain, Spain, and Gaul to serve the need for local coinages. Some were countermarked with DV to indicate that they had the value of a dupondius. They reportedly are particularly common finds at military posts and in civilian settlements near those posts.lawrence c
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0089 - Denarius Furia 119 BCObv/ M FOVRI L F, laureate head of Janus.
Rev/ Roma standing l., holding sceptre in l. hand and crowning trophy with r. hand; behind, ROMA; above, star; on the l. field, trophy surmounted by a helmet in the form of a boar's head and flanked by carnyx and shield on each side; in ex. PHILI.
Ag, 19.1 mm, 3.90 g
Moneyer: M. Furius L.f. Philus.
Mint: Rome.
RRC 281/1 [dies o/r: 393/491] - BMCRR Italy 555 - Bab. Furia 18 - Sydenham 529
ex-inAsta, auction 38, lot 473dafnis
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021a13. CommodusDenarius. Rome mint. 3.492g,18.4mm. 181 - 182 A.D.; obverse M COMMODVS ANTONINVS AVG, laureate head right; reverse LIB AVG V TR P VII IMP IIII COS III P P, Liberalitas standing slightly left, head left, raising coin counting board in right hand, cornucopia in left hand. RIC III 36. A FORUM coin.lawrence c
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027 Traianus (98-117 A.D.), Rome, RIC II 0702, AE-Quadrans, Boar walking right, S C in exergue, Scarce! #1027 Traianus (98-117 A.D.), Rome, RIC II 0702, AE-Quadrans, Boar walking right, S C in exergue, Scarce! #1
avers: IMP CAES TRAIAN AVG GERM, Diademed bust of Hercules right with lion-skin on the neck.
revers: Boar walking right, S C in exergue.
exergue: -/-//SC, diameter:14,5-15,5mm, weight: 2,91g, axis: 6h,
mint: Rome, date: A.D.,
ref: RIC II 702, BMC 1062, C 341, Scarce!
Q-001quadrans
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028a01. Geta As Augustus, Denarius. 210-212 AD. P SEPT GETA PIVS AVG BRIT, laureate head right / LIBERALITAS AVG V, Liberalitas standing, head left, with counting board & cornucopiae. RSC 68. RIC 88.
lawrence c
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032 - Maximian (286-305 AD), Antoninianus - RIC 404, 407 (hybrid unlisted in RIC)Obv: IMP MAXIMIANUS AVG, radiate bust left in imperial mantle, holding globe.
Rev: PAX AVGG, Minerva standing left, leaning on shield, holding olive branch and spear.
Minted in Lugdunum (C in exe, * in left field) 292-294 AD.
This coin is a hybrid between RIC 404 (as above but without the * and C(?)) and 407 (with * and C) and not listed in RIC. However Bastien lists this coin (vol 7, nr 488) with five examples cited. Not a very pretty coin but somehow interesting anyway as it turned out. Thanks to Jochen and maridvnvm of the FORUM´s classical numismatics discussion board for the info.
[Sold]pierre_p77
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035 Antoninus Pius (138-161 A.D.), RIC III 0915, Rome, AE-Sestertius, LIBERALITAS VII, Antoninus seated left on platform, S-C, R!035 Antoninus Pius (138-161 A.D.), RIC III 0905, Rome, AE-Sestertius, LIBERALITAS VII, Antoninus seated left on platform, S-C, R!
avers:- ANTONINVS-AVG-PIVS-P-P-TR-P-XVII, Laureate head right.
revers: LIBERALITAS-VII, Antoninus seated left on platform on right: in front of him, Liberalitas satnding left, holding account-board and cornucopiae: below citizen standing right holding out fold of toga, S-C across the field, COS IIII in exergo.
exe:S/C//COS IIII, diameter: 32-33mm, weight: 29,37g, axis: 0h,
mint: Rome, date: 152-153 A.D., ref: RIC-III-915-p-140, C-525-526, Rare !
Q-001quadrans
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0421 Hadrian Sestertius, Roma 119-23 AD Hadrian Reference.
RIC II, 582; C 930; Strack 548; RIC 421
Bust C1
Obv. IMP CAESAR TRAIANVS HADRIANVS AVG P M TR P COS III:
Laureate, draped bust, viewed from front
Rev. LIBERALITAS AVG III in Ex. S C
Hadrian, seated left on platform, hand extended towards citizen, advancing right, with fold of toga held out; in background Liberalitas standing front, holding up coin scoop; behind Hadrian, attendant standing left.
24.93 gr
33 mm
h
Note.
Comment on Tablet by Curtis Clay.
The object in question was a tablet with a set number of shallow coin-size depressions drilled into it, say 50 depressions. It was dipped into the chest of coins like a scoop, and shaken until one coin had settled into each depression. Any excess coins were then swept back into the chest with the official's other hand, and the full board containing exactly fifty coins was then emptied into the outstretched toga of the recipient. So the object in question was a coin scoop/coin counter, meant to rapidly and accurately distribute the required number of coins to each recipient.okidoki
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046a03. GallienusBI antoninianus. Legionary Series. Legion II - Italica. Mediolanum (Milan). AD 258. Obv: GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right.
Rev: LEG II ITAL VI P VI F, wild boar right. RIC V.I 325.lawrence c
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0491-0518 AD - Anastasius I - Sear 14 - Follis (small module)Emperor: Anastasius I (r. 491-518 AD)
Date: ca. 498-507 AD
Condition: Fine
Denomination: Follis (small module)
Obverse:      -    
Bust right; diademed, draped and cuirassed.
Reverse: Large " "; Above, cross.
Exergue: 
Constantinople mint
Sear 14
7.77g; 24.3mm; 195°Pep
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0491-0518 AD - Anastasius I - Sear 19 - Follis (large module)Emperor: Anastasius I (r. 491-518 AD)
Date: 498-518 AD
Condition: aFine
Denomination: Follis (large module)
Obverse: -
Bust right; diademed, draped and cuirassed.
Reverse: Large ""; Above, cross; To left and right, star; Beneath,  .
Exergue:
Constantinople mint, fourth officina
Sear 19
16.27g; 33.3mm; 195°Pep
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051p Caracalla (196-198 A.D. Caesar, 198-217 A.D. Augustus ), Moesia, Nicopolis Ad Istrum, HrHJ-08.18.06.05, AE-17, Serapis, #1051p Caracalla (196-198 A.D. Caesar, 198-217 A.D. Augustus ), Moesia, Nicopolis Ad Istrum, HrHJ-08.18.06.05, AE-17, Serapis, #1
avers: MAP AV KA ANTΩNI, Bareheaded-bust-r.
reverse: NIKOΠOΛIT ΠPOC ICTP, Bust of Serapis right wearing Kalathos
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 17mm, weight: 2,85g, axis: 8h,
mint: Moesia, Nicopolis Ad Istrum, date: 196 (195?)-197.-AD, under Caracalla as Caesar, by Jochen! Thank you, Jochen:)
ref: Varbanov-2918, R4!! + legend var., Hristova/Hoeft/Jekov HrHJ-8.18.6.5,
Q-001
#465 A correction
Caracalla as Caesar, AD 196-197, AE 17, 2.85g
obv. MAR AV KA - ANTWNI bare head r.
rev. NIKOPOLIT PROC ICTR bust of Serapis, draped and wearing kalathos
ref. a) not in AMNG
b) not in Varbanov (engl.)
c) Hristova/Jekov (2011) No. 8.18.6.4 corr. (writes in error ANTWNINO)
coll. quadrans, Forum Ancient Coins
by Jochen ,
http://www.forumancientcoins.com/board/index.php?topic=60706.525
thank you Jochenquadrans
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056/4 Subgroup 85 & 86A AE TriensAnonymous. Ae Triens. Apulia. 212-208 BC. (9.08 g, 23.72 g) Obv: Helmeted head of Minerva right, four pellets above. Rev: ROMA, prow right, four pellets below.
Originally defined as Crawford 56/4, this type of Triens have been assigned to subgroup 85 & 86A. This is a Q or H triens, that is missing the Q or H. Andrew McCabe gives the subgroup the number F1 which has the following characteristics:
"Mint: Apulia. Second Punic war. Related to RRC 85 H, and RRC 86 anchor and Q. Obverses are in high relief. The general style, for examples Janus, or Hercules’ truncation, or the regular reverse prow, is like RRC 86 anchor and Q. Reverses of Sextans and Quadrans have either regular, or Luceria style, prows with a club in an elevated fighting platform. On regular reverses, the top and central keel lines join half way across prow. Flans are thin and broad akin to late issues of Luceria. All denominations As through Sextans are known."
"The regular reverse prow is tall (height/width) with a fighting platform and deck structure elevated more than usual, and there is always a line extending either side of the deck structure. The keel-lines are also distinctive, with the middle of the three lines always converging with the top line half way across the prow... These specific design features – especially the middle keel line converging with the upper line half way across the prow – are identical with and typical of the RRC 86A Q series from Apulia58... The obverses of all denominations are in high relief, and show high quality engraving."
"So a close geographic and timing link between the Anchor Q, H, L, L-T, CA and P coins can be posited. These coins are certainly a second Punic war issue from Apulia. It remains open for discussion which city minted these group F1 coins, presumably alongside the RRC 85 and RRC 86 issues."
This is one out of six specimens: "F1 Triens: 6 coins, mean 9.4 grams, heaviest 10.5 grams".
All quotes are from the work of Andrew McCabe.
Link to thread at Forvm Ancient Coins: http://www.forumancientcoins.com/board/index.php?topic=90604.0
On this topic at Andrew McCabe's homepage: http://andrewmccabe.ancients.info/RRC056.html
I would strongly recommend anyone who wants to learn more about Roman Republican coins to give Andrew McCabe's homepage a visit.
Paddy
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064 - Septimius Severus denarius - RIC 401Obv:– IMP CAE L SEP SEV PERT AVG COS II, Laureate head right
Rev:– LIBER AVG, Liberalitas, seated left, holding account-board and cornucopiae
Minted in Emesa, A.D. 194 - 195
References:– RIC 401 (Scarce), RSC 287maridvnvm
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064 - Septimius Severus denarius - RIC 403Obv:– IMP CAE L SEP SEV PERT AVG COS II, Laureate head right
Rev:– LIBERA-L AVG, Liberalitas, seated left, holding account-board and cornucopiae
Minted in Emesa, A.D. 194 - 195
References:– RIC 403 (Scarce), RSC 287a maridvnvm
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064 - Septimius Severus denarius - RIC 403Obv:– IMP CAE L SEP SEV PERT AVG COS II, Laureate head right
Rev:– LIBERA-L AVG, Liberalitas, seated left, holding account-board and cornucopiae
Minted in Emesa, A.D. 194 - 195
References:– RIC 403 (Scarce), RSC 287a maridvnvm
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064 B.C., C.Hosidius Cf.Geta, Republic AR-Denarius, Crawford 407-2, Rome, C•HOSIDI•C•F, Wild boar, #1064 B.C., C.Hosidius Cf.Geta, Republic AR-Denarius, Crawford 407-2, Rome, C•HOSIDI•C•F, Wild boar, #1
avers: GETA before, III•VIR behind, diademed and draped bust of Diana right, bow and quiver on the shoulder.
reverse: C•HOSIDI•C•F, Wild boar of Calydon right, pierced by a spear and attacked by a dog.
exergue: -/-//C•HOSIDI•C•F, diameter: 17mm, weight: 3,89g, axis: 11h,
mint: Rome, date: 064 B.C., ref:Crawford 407-2, Syd-903, Hosidia 1,
Q-001quadrans
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065 - Julia Domna barbarous denarius - RIC -Obv:– IVLIA DO-MNA AVG, Draped bust right, hair tied in bun behind
Rev:– LIBE-RI AVG, Liberalitas seated left, holding accounting board and cornucopiae
Barbarous mint
Reference(s) – None. Appears to be Barbarous imitation of IV 627a.maridvnvm
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067a. Proculus (?)Possible Usurper ca. 280 - 281
A possible usurper in Gaul. Although a figure by that name is mentioned in passing by a couple ancient historians, the principal source is the Historia Augusta, which is notoriously unreliable. There are two coins attributed to him, with a possible third recently noted. The British Museum has not accepted any of these coins as being authentic, so the question remains unresolved. For a thorough discussion of Proculus, see the Forum discussion board. This also contains links to two excellent articles by Mark Fox on the coins.lawrence c
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0829-0842 AD - Theophilus - Sear 1667 - FollisEmperor: Theophilus (r. 829-842 AD)
Date: 829-842 AD
Condition: VF
Denomination: Follis
Obverse: ΘEOFIL' bASIL'
Three-quarter length figure facing, wearing loros and crown surmounted by tufa (which is ornamented with pellets); he holds labarum in right hand and globus cruciger in left hand.
Reverse: +ΘEO / FILE AV / OVS E SV/  ICAS in four lines.
Constantinople mint
Sear 1667
6.49g; 27.0mm; 195°Pep
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0976-1025 AD - Basil II (Bulgaroktonos) - Anonymous Follis, Class A2Emperor: Basil II (Bulgaroktonos) (r. 976-1025 AD)
Date: 976-1025 AD
Condition: Fair
Denomination: Anonymous Follis, Class A2
Obverse:    -   
Bust of Christ facing, bearded, with nimbus cross having  in each arm, wearing tunic and himation; right hand raised in blessing in sling of cloak, left holds book with probable  in jeweled border. In field,  -  .
Reverse:   /  /    /
 above and beneath.
Sear 1813; probable DO A2.25
15.47g; 35.3mm; 30°Pep
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0976-1025 AD - Basil II (Bulgaroktonos) - Anonymous Follis, Class A2.24Emperor: Basil II (Bulgaroktonos) (r. 976-1025 AD)
Date: 976-1025 AD
Condition: aVF
Denomination: Anonymous Follis, Class A2
Obverse: -
Bust of Christ facing, bearded, with nimbus cross having in each arm, wearing tunic and himation; right hand raised in blessing in sling of cloak, left holds book with  in jeweled border. In field, - .
Reverse: ///
 above and beneath.
DO A2.24; Sear 1813
13.40g; 29.0mm; 180°Pep
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102. TrajanTrajan Æ Quadrans. IMP CAES TRAIAN AVG GERM, diademed bust of Hercules right with lion-skin on neck / Boar walking right, SC in ex. RIC 702, Cohen 341. ecoli
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1078-1081 AD - Nicephorus III (Botaniates) - Anonymous Follis, Class IEmperor: Nicephorus III (Botaniates) (r. 1078-1081 AD)
Date: 1078-1081 AD
Condition: Fine
Denomination: Anonymous Follis, Class I
Obverse: No legend
Bust of Christ facing, having long, slightly forked beard and cross nimbus with one pellet in each arm, wearing tunic and himation; right hand blessing inwards in sling of cloak, left holds book, with  on cover, from beneath. In field, - .
Reverse: No legend
Latin cross with one large and two small pellets at each extremity, small cross at intersection, and pellet with floral ornaments to left and right at base. Above, crescents to left and right.
DO I; Sear 1889
5.13g; 22.9mm; 195°Pep
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1078-1081 AD - Nicephorus III - Sear 1889 - Anonymous FollisEmperor: Nicephorus III (r. 1078-1081 AD)
Date: 1078-1081 AD
Condition: Fair
Denomination: Anonymous Follis (Class I)
Obverse: Bust of Christ facing, wearing nimbus cruciger, pallium and colobium, and raising right hand in benediction; in left hand, book of Gospels; to left, ; to right, ; normal border.
Reverse: Latin cross, with X at centre, and globule and two pellets at each extremity; in lower field, on either side, floral ornament; in upper field, on either side, crescent.
Constantinople mint
Sear 1889
3.35g; 25.6mm; 180°Pep
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1081-1118 AD - Alexius I Comnenus - Follis - Thessalonica mintEmperor: Alexius I Comnenus (r. 1081-1118 AD)
Date: 1081-1092 AD
Condition: aFair
Denomination: Follis
Obverse: No legend
Bust of the Virgin facing, nimbate and wearing pallium and maphorium; She holds before Her the infant Christ whose nimbate head facing is represented; to left,  ; to right,  ; on either side of Virgin's head, uncertain wedge-shaped object.
Reverse: - ] 
Alexius standing facing, wearing crown and loros, and holding labarum and globus cruciger.
Thessalonica mint
Sear 1909
4.27g; 26.1mm; 165°Pep
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1118-1143 AD - John II - Sear 1954 - Half TetarteronProbable Emperor: John II (r. 1118-1143 AD)
Date: 1118-1143 AD
Condition: Fair
Denomination: Half Tetarteron
Obverse: IC-XC
Christ standing facing on footstool, wearing nimbus cruciger, pallium & colobium, and holding book of Gospels in left.
Reverse: I ΔECΠOT
John standing facing, wearing crown, divitision and loros, and holding labarum and globus cruciger.
Thessalonica mint
Sear 1954
1.67g; 15.7mm; 180°Pep
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1118-1143 AD - John II - Sear 1954 - Half Tetarteron - 2nd ExampleProbable Emperor: John II (r. 1118-1143 AD)
Date: 1118-1143 AD
Condition: Fair
Denomination: Half Tetarteron
Obverse: IC-XC
Christ standing facing on footstool, wearing nimbus cruciger, pallium & colobium, and holding book of Gospels in left.
Reverse: I ΔECΠOT
John standing facing, wearing crown, divitision and loros, and holding labarum and globus cruciger.
Thessalonica mint
Sear 1954
2.14g; 16.3mm; 210°Pep
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1143-1180 AD - Manuel I - Sear 1980 - Half TetarteronProbable Emperor: Manuel I (r. 1143-1180 AD)
Date: 1143-1180 AD
Condition: Fair
Denomination: Half Tetarteron
Obverse: to left,  /Γ/E; to right,  /ΓI/O/S (or similar)
Bust of St. George facing, beardless, wearing nimbus, tunic, cuirass and sagion, and holding spear and shield.
Reverse: MAN HΛ ΔECΠOT (or similar)
Bust facing, wearing crown and loros, and holding labarum and globus cruciger.
Uncertain Greek mint
Sear 1980; DOC 23
2.32g, 16.1mm; 180°Pep
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1143-1180 AD - Manuel I Comnenus - Sear 1966 - Billon Aspron TrachyEmperor: Manuel I Comnenus (r. 1143-1180 AD)
Date: 1143-1180 AD
Condition: Fine/VF
Denomination: Billon Aspron Trachy
Obverse:  - 
Christ, bearded, seated facing on throne without back, wearing nimbus cruciger, pallium and colobium; in left hand, book of Gospels.
Reverse:  -  
The Virgin, nimbate (on right) and Manuel (on left), both standing facing; the Virgin wears pallium and maphorium, and with Her right hand crowns the emperor, who wears divitision and loros, and holds labarum and globus cruciger; between their heads,  ; to right,  .
Constantinople mint
Sear 1966
4.49g; 31.3mm; 180°Pep
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1143-1180 AD - Manuel I Comnenus - Sear 1966 - Billon Aspron Trachy - 2nd ExampleEmperor: Manuel I Comnenus (r. 1143-1180 AD)
Date: 1143-1180 AD
Condition: Fine/VF
Denomination: Billon Aspron Trachy
Obverse: -
Christ, bearded, seated facing on throne without back, wearing nimbus cruciger, pallium and colobium; in left hand, book of Gospels.
Reverse: -
The Virgin, nimbate (on right) and Manuel (on left), both standing facing; the Virgin wears pallium and maphorium, and with Her right hand crowns the emperor, who wears divitision and loros, and holds labarum and globus cruciger; between their heads, ; to right, .
Constantinople mint
Sear 1966
3.96g; 30.4mm; 180°Pep
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1185-1195 AD - Isaac II - Sear 2005 - TetarteronEmperor: Isaac II (r. 1185-1195 AD)
Date: 1185-1195 AD
Condition: Fine
Denomination: Tetarteron
Obverse: Facing bust of Archangel Michael, beardless and nimbate, wearing loros and holding jewelled sceptre (sometimes surmounted by trefoil device) and globus cruciger; to left, O/ /AP; to right, /MI (or similar)
Reverse: Bust of Issac facing, wearing crown and loros, and holding cruciform sceptre and akakia; to left, ICA/AKI/OC; to right, ΔE/CΠO/TH/C (or similar).
Thessalonica mint
Sear 2005
1.89g; 17.9mm; 150°Pep
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1204-1261 AD - Latin Occupation of Constantinople - Sear 2024 - AE TrachyLatin Occupation of Constantinople (1204-1261 AD)
Date: 1204-1261 AD
Condition: Mediocre
Denomination: AE Trachy
Obverse: -
Bust of Christ.
Reverse: MANHCΛ ΔECΠOTHC
Emperor standing, holding sceptre cruciger.
Sear 2024
1.39g; 16.7mm; 180?°Pep
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1204-1261 AD - Latin Occupation of Constantinople - Sear 2047 - AE TrachyLatin Occupation of Constantinople (1204-1261 AD)
Date: 1204-1261 AD
Condition: Mediocre/Fair
Denomination: AE Trachy
Obverse: -
Christ seated.
Reverse: no legend
Half-length figure of emperor.
Sear 2047
1.12g; 19.4mm; 180°Pep
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13. Gordian III / RIC 116.Denarius, 240 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: IMP GORDIANVS PIVS FEL AVG / Laureate bust of Gordian.
Reverse: VIRTVTI AVGVSTI / Hercules standing, resting right hand on hip and left hand club set on rock; lion-skin beside club.
3.58 gm., 20 mm.
RIC #116; Sear #8684.
The chronology of the denarii coinage of Gordian III has been poorly understood because Roman Imperial Coinage (RIC) has it mixed up in its listings. For example, it will tell you that 5 denarii (Diana, Pietas, Salus, Securitas, and Venus) were issued in the summer of 241 to commemorate the marriage of Gordian and Tranquillina. Recent thinking tells another entirely different story. The following summary is based on a posting by Curtis Clay, November 25, 2011, on the Forum Ancient Coins Classical Numismatics Discussion Board.
Although antoniniani were issued for a while under Caracalla and Elagabalus, the denarius was the standard silver denomination throughout the reigns of Severus Alexander, Maximinus Thrax, and into the first part of the joint reign of Balbinus & Pupienus. (This, by the way, is when the PIETAS AVGG denarius of Gordian as Caesar was issued.) Sometime during the short reign of Balbinus & Pupienus, the antoninianus supplanted the denarius as the standard silver denomination. When Gordian III became emperor (July 238), his administration continued to follow the then current practice of issuing only antoniniani.
Early in 240, Gordian apparently decided to revert back to the traditional coinage of the Empire and began to issue only denarii. The denarii issued at this time were the following:
P M TR P III COS P P / Horseman
DIANA LVCIFERA
PIETAS AVGVSTI
SALVS AVGVSTI
SECVRITAS PVBLICA
VENVS VICTRIX
No antoniniani exist with these reverse types.
The next issue of denarii was issued in the summer of 240 after Gordian became COS II, and consists of these types:
P M TR P III COS II P P / Emperor standing
P M TR P III COS II P P / Apollo seated
AETERNITATI AVG
IOVIS STATOR
LAETITIA AVG N
VIRTVTI AVGVSTI
Within a short time, however, it was decided to go back to having the antoninianus as the standard silver denomination. Antoniniani were issued again, at first with the same reverse types as the second issue of denarii. That is why these reverse types exist on denarii and antoniniani even though they were not issued at the same time.
So the period the mint issued denarii rather than antoniniani as the standard silver denomination lasted from about March through August, 240. This was the last time denarii were issued for general circulation. The antoninianus lasted until Diocletian’s coinage reform of 295, after which Roman coinage was so vastly different that there was no question of returning to the denarius.
The 13 denarii of Gordian III are presented in this album in this order:
Gordian III as Caesar denarius - 1 coin.
First issue of denarii - 6 coins.
Second issue of denarii - 6 coins.Callimachus
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138-161 AD - ANTONINUS PIUS AE sestertius - struck 147-148 ADobv: ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP TRP (laureate head right)
rev: COS IIII around, S-C on platform, [LIBERALITAS / AVG IIII] in exergue (Emperor seated on platform with outstretched hand, officer behind him, Liberalitas holding account board (abacus) and cornucopiae before him, citizen at left below, receiving generosity, holding out fold of toga)
ref: RIC III 774, Cohen 498 (30frcs)
27.11gms, 30mm, brass
Rare
A rare historical issue with a remarkable reverse "propaganda" type. In this case, it celebrates the emperor's largesse during one of his famous nine donatives, known as "congiaria", to the citizens of Rome. Although originally these donatives were in liquid (oil and wine), by Pius' time they commonly took the form of cash. Aiding the emperor here by communicating the gifts to the citizens is the personification of generosity, Liberalitas.berserker
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1423-1448 AD - John VIII Palaeologus - Stavraton - Constantinople mintEmperor: John VIII Palaeologus (r. 1423-1448 AD)
Date: 1423-1448 AD
Condition: aVF
Denomination: Stavraton
Obverse: -
Facing bust of Christ Pantokrator.
Reverse:   /  or variants in two lines around crowned facing bust of John with pellets flanking.
Constantinople mint
DO 1706; Sear 2564; Bendall 348.20, sigla 18
6.59g; 23.8mm; 225°
Ex CNGPep
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1841 Hard Times token. USS ConstitutionMILLIONS FOR DEFENSE, NOT ONE CENT FOR TRIBUTE.ancientone
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1860 Murphy, Miners and Planters 5 Dollar Banknoteancientone
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1863 10 Cent Fractional Currency. George Washingtonancientone
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1864 25 Cent Fractional Currency. North Carolinaancientone
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1892 Victoria PennyLaureate bust of Victoria left, bun head
VICTORIA D:G: BRITT:REG:F:D:
Britannia seated right, holding trident and shield, lighthouse behind, ship under sail to right, H (Heaton) below date
ONE PENNY
1892 in exe.
30.81mm, 9.4500g
S3954
Will Hooton
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1905 Indian Head Penny.VF with emerald green patina.ancientone
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1925 Stone Mountian Memorial Half-DollarThe Stone Mountain Memorial Half Dollar was released in 1925 to commemorate the effort, begun in 1923, to carve the Stone Mountain Memorial in Georgia.
The obverse design features equestrian figures of generals Robert E. Lee and Thomas J. (Stonewall) Jackson reviewing the Confederate armies.
The reverse features an eagle, emblematic of liberty, poised on a mountain crag with stars dimly visible in the background.ancientone
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1952 George Wasington memorial half-dollarancientone
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1af Julius Caesar Wages Civil WarJulius Caesar
Denarius
49-48 BC
Elephant right, trampling on serpent [probably], CAESAR in ex
Simpulum, sprinkler, axe and priest's hat
Evidently a military issue, no agreement exists on the meaning of the coin's imagery (See a related thread on of the Classical Numismatic Discussion.)
Seaby 49
Given the chance that the coin was minted to pay Caesar's armies in the civil war, here is a description of the beginning, according to Suetonius: He then overtook his advanced guard at the River Rubicon, which formed the boundary between Gaul and Italy. There he paused for a while and, realising the magnitude of the step he was taking, turned to his staff, to remark: ‘We could turn back, even now; but once over that little bridge, and it will all come down to a fight.’ . . . As he stood there, undecided, he received a sign. A being of marvellous stature and beauty appeared suddenly, seated nearby, and playing on a reed pipe. A knot of shepherds gathered to listen, but when a crowd of his soldiers, including some of the trumpeters, broke ranks to join them, the apparition snatched a trumpet from one of them, ran to the river, and sounding the call to arms blew a thunderous blast, and crossed to the far side. At this, Caesar exclaimed: ‘Let us follow the summons, of the gods’ sign and our enemy’s injustice. The die is cast.’ And crossing with the army, he welcomed the tribunes of the people, who had fled to him from Rome. Then, in tears, he addressed the troops and, ripping open the breast of his tunic, asked for their loyalty. Blindado
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1di Claudius Gothicus268-270
AE antoninianus
Radiate cuirassed bust right, IMP C CLAVDIVS AVG
Liberlitas stg, LIBERALITAS AVG
RIC 57
Zosimus recorded: When the troops were calmed by their commanders, Claudius was chosen emperor, having previously been designed for that dignity by general consent. Aureolus, who had for a long time kept himself out of the hands of Gallienus, presently sent agents to Claudius, to effect a peace. Surrendering himself, he was killed by the guards of the emperor, who still remembered the hatred they bore against him for his treachery.
The Scythians were by this time so elated by their former success, that they appointed a place of meeting with the Heruli, Peucae, and Gothi, near the river Tyra, which empties itself into the Pontus; where having built six thousand vessels, and put on board them three hundred and twenty thousand men, they sailed across the Pontus, and made an attempt on Tomes, a fortified town, but were repulsed from it. From thence they proceed to Marcianopolis, a city of Mysia, but failing there likewise in their attack on it, they took the opportunity of a favourable wind and sailed forward. . . . they passed through the Hellespont, and arrived at Mount Athos. Having there refitted and careened their vessels, they laid siege to Cassandria and Thessalonica, which they were near taking by means of machines which they raised against the walls. But hearing that the emperor was advancing with an army, they went into the interior, plundering all the neighbourhood of Doberus and Pelagonia. There they sustained a loss of three thousand men, who were met with by the Dalmatian cavalry, and with the rest of their force engaged the army of the emperor. Great numbers were slain in this battle on both sides, but the Romans, by a pretended flight, drew the Barbarians into an ambuscade and killed more than fifty thousand of them.
Egypt being thus reduecd by the Palmyrenians, the Barbarians, who survived the battle of Naissus between Claudius and the Scythians, defending themselves with their carriages which went before them, marched towards Macedon, but were so distressed by the want of necessaries, that many of them and of their beasts perished with hunger. They were met likewise by the Roman cavalry, who having killed many of them, drove the rest towards Mount Haemus; where being surrounded by the Roman army, they lost a vast number of men. But a quarrel ensuing between the Roman horse and foot soldiers, the emperor wishing the foot to engage the Barbarians, the Romans, after a smart engagement, were defeated with considerable loss, but the cavalry, coming up immediately, redeemed in some degree the miscarriage of the infantry. After this battle, the Barbarians proceeded on their march, and were pursued by the Romans. The pirates who cruized about Crete and Rhodes retired without doing any thing worthy of mention; and being attacked by the plague on their way home, some of them died in Thrace and some in Macedon. All that survived were either admitted into the Roman legions, or had lands assigned for them to cultivate and so become husbandmen. Nor was the plague confined to the Barbarians alone, but began to infest the Romans, many of whom died, and amongst the rest Claudius, a person adorned with every virtue. His death was a severe loss to his subjeets, and was consequently much regretted by them.Blindado
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1er Procopius365-366
AE3
Diademed, draped & cuirassed bust left, D N PROCOPIVS P F AVG
Procopius standing facing, head right, holding labarum in right hand, left resting on shield set on the ground; Chi-rho in upper right field & unidentified object in left at foot; mintmark CONS Gamma.
RIC 17a
Zosimus tells us: On [Valens'] departure from Constantinople, the rebellion of Procopius commenced. This person had been intrusted by Julian, being one of his relations, with a part of his forces, and had been charged to march with Sebastianus through Adiabene, and to meet Julian, who took another route. Permission, moreover, was given him to wear a purple robe, for a reason which no other person was acquainted with. But the deity being pleased to ordain it otherwise, and Jovian having succeeded to the imperial dignity, Procopius immediately delivered up the imperial robe which he had received from Julian, confessing why it had been given to him, and entreating the emperor to absolve him from his military oath, and to allow him to live in retirement, and to attend to agriculture and his own private affairs. Having obtained this, he went with his wife and children to Caesarea in Cappadocia, intending to reside in that place, where he possessed a valuable estate. During his abode there, Valentinian and Valens being made emperors, and being suspicious of him, sent persons to take him into custody. In that they found no difficulty, for he surrendered himself voluntarily; and desired them to carry him wherever they pleased, if they would suffer him first to see his children. To this they consented, and he prepared an entertainment for them. When he perceived them to be intoxicated, he and his family fled towards the Taurica Chersonesus. Having remained there for some time, he found the inhabitants to he a faithless race, and was apprehensive lest they should deliver him to his persecutors. He, therefore, put himself and his family on board a trading vessel, and arrived in the night at Constantinople. He there resided in the house of an old acquaintance, and making observations on the state of the city after the departure of the emperor, he attempted to raise himself to the empire, and formed his design on the following incident.
A eunuch, named Eugenius, had not long before been discharged from the court, who entertained but little friendship for the emperors. Procopius therefore won this man to his interest. . . . Their first attempt was to bribe the court guards, which consisted of two legions. Then arming the slaves, and collecting with ease a considerable multitude, chiefly volunteers, they sent them in the night into the city, and occasioned a general commotion; the people issuing from their houses, and gazing on Procopiusas on a king made in a theatre. But the city being in general confusion, and no person being sufficiently collected in mind by reason of the surprise to know how to act, Procopius imagined his design to be still undiscovered, and that he might secure the empire if the enterprise were no further revealed. Having then seized on Cesarius, whom the emperors had made prefect of the city, and on Nebridius, who was appointed to succeed Sallustius in tbe prefecture of the court, he compelled them to write to the subjects of the empire whatever he wished. He also kept them separate, that they might not consult with each other. Having formed these projects, he proceeded in a splendid manner towards the palace. Ascending a tribunal before the gate, he gave the people great hopes and promises. He then entered the palace to provide for the remainder of his affairs.
The new emperors having divided the army between them, Procopius determined to send persons to the soldiers, who were as yet in confusion, and went by the command of the emperors from place to place without any order. He thus hoped to seduce some of them to his party. Nor did he fail of accomplishing his purpose with ease by distributing money amongst the soldiers and their officers; by which means he collected a considerable force, and prepared to make an open attack on the enemy. Procopius then sent Marcellus into Bithynia with an army against Serenianus and the imperial cavalry that was under his command, in hope of cutting them to pieces. This force having fled to Cyzicus, Marcellus, whose army was superior to theirs both by sea and land, took possession of that town; and having taken Serenianus, who fled into Lydia, put him to death. Procopius was so elevated by this fortunate commencement, that his forces considerably augmented, many being of opinion that he was able to contend with the emperors. Both the Roman legions and the Barbarian troops now flocked to his standard. Besides the reputation of being related to Julian, and of having accompanied him in all the wars he had ever been engaged in, attracted many partizans. He likewise sent ambassadors to the chief of Scythia beyond the Ister, who sent to his assistance ten thousand men. The other Barbarian nations likewise sent auxiliaries to share in the expedition. Procopius however considered that it would be imprudent in him to engage with both emperors together, and therefore thought it best to advance against him who was nearest, and afterwards deliberate on what course to pursue.
Thus was Procopius employed; while the emperor Valens, who heard of this insurrection at Galatia in Phrygia, was filled with consternation at the news. Arbitrio having encouraged him not to despair, he prepared the troops that were with him for war, and sent to his brother to inform him of the designs of Procopius. Valentinian however was little disposed for sending auxiliaries to one who was incapable of defending the empire committed to his charge. Valens was therefore under the necessity of. preparing for war, and appointed Arbitrio to the command of his army. When the armies were ready to engage, Arbitrio circumvented Procopius by a stratagem, and thereby seduced from him a great number of his men, from whom he received previous information of the designs of Procopius. On the advance of the emperor and Procopius towards each other, the two armies met near Thyatira. Procopius at first appeared to have the advantage, by which he would have gained the supreme authority, Hormisdas in the engagement having overpowered the enemy. But Gomarius, another of the commanders of Procopius, imparting his intention to all the soldiers of Procopius who were attached to the emperor, in the midst of the battle cried out Augustus, and gave a signal for them to imitate his example. Thus the most of the troops of Procopius went over to Valens.
After having obtained this victory, Valens marched to Sardes, and from thence into Phrygia, where he found Procopius in a town called Nacolia. Affairs having been ordered for the advantage of the emperor by Naplo, an officer of Procopius, Valens again prevailed, and took him prisoner, and soon afterwards Marcellus, both of whom he put to death. Blindado
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23 GETA RIC 88Geta 209-211 AD. AR Denarius. Rome Mint. 211 AD. (2.86g; 20.23mm) Obv: P SEPT GETA PIVS AVG BRIT, Laureate head right. Rev: LIBERALITAS AVG V, Liberalitas standing, head left, with counting board & cornucopiae.
RIC 88; RSC 68
Ex: Holding History, Vcoins
The reverse ends legend with "AUG V". The 'V' stands for the number of times donatives had been given at the time of the minting. "Liberalitas" signifies generosity.Paddy
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25 GetaDenarius. 210-212 AD. P SEPT GETA PIVS AVG BRIT, laureate head right / LIBERALITAS AVG V, Liberalitas standing, head left, with counting board & cornucopiae. RIC 88, RSC 68, BMC 65. Weight 3.10 gm. Die axis 12 hr. Max dia 18 mm.
mix_val
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2nd - 3rd century socketed Iron axe - responsible for de-forestation of europeBritish found 2nd-3rd century Iron socketed axe.lorry66
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2nd Century Bearded Broad Axe. Found in germany.2nd Century Bearded Broad Axe. Found in Germany.
Sold as a 'Battle’ axe. Possibly used as such.
Pictures from left to right tell a story.
# Left picture - whole axe weighs 465g, Making it quite light for its type.
# 2nd from the left shows clearly where the high grade iron (steel) has been forged to the Low grade Iron that makes up the bulk of the axe. The high grade steel on the cutting edge would stay sharper for longer, but was expensive and time consuming to make.
# 3rd from the left picture shows the axe bends to the left (rear to front view). This tells me the owner was right handed and the axe has bent this way through right handed working.
# The last picture is interesting. the cut marks have been made by something (a sword or another axe, maybe) hitting it from the side. These marks are typical of steel to steel blows.
The axe was found somewhere in southern Germany, but I cannot confirm exact location.
X-ray and radio carbon dating will be conducted on all of my axes as money permits.lorry66
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3-3/4" TrilobiteTrilobites form one of the earliest known groups of arthropods. The first appearance of trilobites in the fossil record defines the base of the Atdabanian stage of the Early Cambrian period (521 million years ago), and they flourished throughout the lower Paleozoic era before beginning a drawn-out decline to extinction when, during the Devonian, all trilobite orders except Proetida died out. Trilobites finally disappeared in the mass extinction at the end of the Permian about 250 million years ago. The trilobites were among the most successful of all early animals, roaming the oceans for over 270 million years.ancientone
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3.4 Vespasian IVDAEA denarius69 - 70 AD
Rome Mint
rev. IVDAEA captive Jew seated at the base of a Roman trophy
commemorates Vespasian and Titus' conquest of the rebellious Jewish state following an four year uprising.
This was the springboard for Vespasian in his ambition for the throne. It made him very popular, and this Judaea Capta series was meant to cement that popularity.
i had been looking for one for quite a while!Ecgþeow
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307-337 AD - Constantine I - RIC VII Antioch 086 - GLORIA EXERCITVSEmperor: Constantine I (r. 307-337 AD)
Date: 330-335 AD
Condition: Very Fine
Size: AE4
Obverse: CONSTANTI-NVS MAX AVG
Bust right; rosette-diadem, draped and cuirassed
Reverse: GLOR-IA EXERC-ITVS
Two soldiers, helmeted, standing looking at one another, reversed spear in outer hand, inner hand on shield resting on ground; between them, one standard.
Exergue: SMAN; (Antioch mint, third officina)
RIC VII Antioch 86; VM 94
1.35g; 15.1mm; 135°Pep
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