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Bayern
Stadtgemeinde Lauf
10 Pfennig
1917
Prägeanstalt: C. Balmberger, Nürnberg
Vs.: Wappen
Rs.: WZ im Blätterkranz
Rand: Glatt
Literatur: Menzel 7754.2
Erhaltung: Fast vorzüglich / sehr schön
Metall: Zink
20 mm, 1,68 g _383
Antonivs Protti
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Königreich Bayern
Maximilian II. Joseph, 1848 - 1864
Kreuzer 1861, München
Vs: Gekröntes Wappen.
Rs: Wertangabe und Jahr im Eichenkranz.
Erhaltung: Fleckig, sehr schön.
Durchmesser: 14 mm
Gewicht: 0,9 g Billon _390Antonivs Protti
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Pirmasens (Bayern) 5 Pfennig. ohne Jahr
Vs: Wappen
Rs: Wert
Zitat: Menzel 11016
Gewicht: 1.52 g. Durchmesser: 19-20 mm
Metall: Zink. Erhaltung: Sehr schön _196
Antonivs Protti
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1 Gordian IIIGordian III
AE of Nicea
O: M ANT GORDIANOC AVG, Radiate, draped bust r.
R: N-I-K-A-I, EWN in ex.; Two standards surmounted by capricorns between two standards
Rec. Gen 711
Rare. According to Dane Kurtz's list, copies include this coin, plus: "Geoff Hintze's collection, another sold on ebay in June 2006 by del550 (DRG Coins, England), another sold on ebay in Dec. 2008 by biggyg2"
Sosius
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29.1 Julia PaulaWhat happens when an eBay seller mails a crystallized coin in a plain white envelope?
At least I got my money refunded!Sosius
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Mamluks (Bahri). `Ali II (al-Mansur `Ala al-Din Ali) (778-783 A.H. = 1377-1381 A.D.)Balog 509 Plate XX 509a-b; SNAT Hamah 632-634; Album 963
AE fals, Hamah mint, undated; 1.63 g., 18.50 mm. max.
Obv.: Field divided by two horizontal lines of dots. الملك المنصور (al-Malik al-Manusr) / tentatively ضرب طرابلس (duriba Tripoli per Balog but Hamah mint per SNAT)
Rev. Six-petaled flower, resembling a lotus, petals forming a counter-clockwise whorl.
Ali was the son of Sha'ban II and the great-grandson of Muhammad I. He was installed as sultan at age nine upon the death of his father in a revolt. He died four years later.
Attribution courtesy of Mervin.Stkp
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NORTHERN GREECE, Uncertain
PB Tessera (16mm, 4.01 g)
Boar at bay right
Hound standing right
Ex Classical Numismatics Group 85 (15 September 2010), lot 330a
Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (16mm, 3.49 g)
Eagle standing right with wings spread, head left
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç 71Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (15mm, 6.51 g)
Diademed head of the deified Alexander right, with horn of Ammon
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç 195, 197-200Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (15mm, 4.51 g)
Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm frond
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç 11-2 var. (Victory left; no border)Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos. Alexander.
PB Tessera (17mm, 3.95 g, 4h)
Artemis kneeling right, bathing, within grotto surmounted by half-length figure of Aktaion, wearing antlers and raising arms
Hippocampus right, AΛЄ Ξ around
Gülbay & Kireç –; Gorny & Mosch 212 (5 March 2013), lot 3333 (same dies); Vossen 35 (this coin)
Ex Tom Vossen Collection, 35Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos.
PB Tessera (15mm, 1.58 g)
Aesculapius standing left, leaning on staff entwined with snakes
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç 3 (same dies) corr. (Aesculapius, not Eirene)
Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos. Claudius Attalus.
Early 3rd century AD
PB Tessera (17mm, 2.57 g)
Figure standing right, playing auloi
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç 133; Leu Web Auction 16 (22 May 2021), lot 3170
Ex Naumann 52 (3 April 2017), lot 306
The individual named on this tessera can be identified as Tiberius Claudius Attalus Melior. He is attested on two early third century Ephesian inscriptions, on one as high priest, on the other as prytanes, grammateus of the demos and asiarch. Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos.
PB Tessera (15mm, 4.22 g)
Bird cage; PY to upper left
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç -
Ex Tom Vossen CollectionArdatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera
Boar running right; [...]YX above, V below
Δ
Gülbay & Kireç -Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (15mm, 2.54 g)
BOY/Λ/ ΘЄO within wreath
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç -
Apparently issued by the Boule, a local council in charge of civic matters. Theo is either the name of a magistrate or an epithet of the Boule.Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (15mm, 3.63 g)
Bull standing right
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç 90
Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos. Marchos, grammateus of the Boule.
PB Tessera (18mm, 8.88 g)
MAR ΓP BOV, composite head of Silenos facing right and young horned Pan facing left; c/m: bird (stork?) standing right
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç –; Vossen 42 (this coin)
Ex Tom Vossen Collection, 42; Münzzentrum Rheinland 161 (11 January 2012), lot 315; Münzzentrum Rheinland 159 (4 May 2011), lot 357Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (14mm, 1.51 g)
Bull standing right; star above
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç 91Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (20mm, 3.30 g)
The Charites (the Three Graces) standing, the left and right facing, the middle with back to view
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç 53 var. (reverse type)
Ex Mark Staal Three Graces Collection; Classical Numismatic Group Electronic Auction 232, lot 515 (part of). Found near Ephesus.Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (18mm, 4.03 g)
The Charites (the Three Graces) standing, the left and right facing, the middle with back to view
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç 53 var. (reverse type)
Ex Mark Staal Three Graces Collection (Classical Numismatic Group Electronic Auction 300), lot 432 (part of)Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (15mm, 2.16 g)
Crab
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç -Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (15mm, 2.66 g)
Deeply punched cross shape with two additional annular punches
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç 153 (lacking the two annular punches)Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (17mm, 2.98 g, 7 h)
Diana Ephesia, uncertain legend around
Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm frond
Gülbay & Kireç -Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (16mm, 2.83 g)
Dog's head right
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç -Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos. A. Aurelius Marcellienus Phil. 2nd-3rd centuries AD.
PB Tessera (14mm, 2.28 g)
∙ A ∙ AYP ∙ MAPKЄΛΛIЄNOY ΦIΛ
Eagle standing right on rock, raising one leg, with shrimp in mouth
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç -Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera
Eagle standing right with wings spread, head left, holding wreath in beak; uncertain legend around
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç -Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera
Eagle standing right with wings spread, head left, holding wreath in beak; uncertain legend around
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç -Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos. Faustos Philosebastos. Agoranomos, 2nd-3rd centuries AD.
PB Tessera (17mm, 5.02 g)
[…Φ]AVCTOV ΦIΛOCЄB/ AΓOPANOM OV
Head of elephant right
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç -
Ex Tom Vossen CollectionArdatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (15mm, 1.76 g)
Two fish swimming in opposite directions
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç 125, 127-9Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (20mm, 7.10 g)
Fortuna standing left, holding rudder and cornucopia; Λ O flanking
Blank
Cf. Gülbay & Kireç 45 (for obv.)Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (16mm, 4.16 g)
Bearded male head right (satyr?)
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç –Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos. Din-. Grammateus of the Boule, 1st-3rd century AD
PB Tessera (17mm, 3.53 g)
ΓPAM ∙ BO ∙ Є ∙ ΔIN[...]
Hermes standing left, holding bag and caduceus
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç -Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos. Muod-. Grammateus of the Boule, 1st-3rd century AD
PB Tessera (15mm, 3.18 g)
MYOΔ Γ B
Hippocamp swimming right, holding rudder in tail
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç -Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (17mm, 4.42 g)
Horse advancing left, holding palm frond in mouth; NЄI above
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç -Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos.
PB Tessera (21mm, 6.53 g) Dated SE 469 (AD 157/8?)
Rider on horseback right, holding whip; YΞΘ below
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç –; Vossen 57 (this coin)
Ex Tom Vossen Collection, 57; Münzzentrum Rheinland 150 (7 January 2009), lot 263; Münzzentrum Rheinland 134 (30 August 2006), lot 404Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (19mm, 3.00 g)
Horse leaping right; palm frond above
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç -Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (16mm, 3.46 g)
Hygeia, standing right, holding serpent, and Aesculapeius, standing left, resting serpent-entwined staff on ground
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç –Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (17mm, 4.37 g)
Lion standing right with paw on column; cornucopia over shoulder; ЄP to left
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç -Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (18mm, 3.99 g)
Lion advancing right
Blank
Cf. Gülbay & Kireç 92 (lion in different stance) corr. (not a seahorse)Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (17mm, 3.13 g)
Bearded male head right (Herakles?)
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç – (but cf. 213-4, for other bearded males)Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (12mm, 1.43 g)
Comedy and tragedy masks; AΞI below
The Charites (the Three Graces) standing, the left and right facing, the middle with back to view
Cf. Gülbay & Kireç 140-2/53 (for obv./rev.)Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (12mm, 2.97 g)
Facing head of Medusa
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç 191-2Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (18mm, 7.48 g, 7 h)
Mercury standing left, holding bag and caduceus; altar to left
Bull standing right; star above
Gülbay & Kireç 16/89 (for obv/rev., same dies)
Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera
[…]ΔPOY · ACOK(?); monogram consisting of letters AΔΦPY
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç -Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (15mm, 3.31 g)
Hermit crab right; wheat ear below
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç 40 var. (figure on reverse - same obverse die)Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (17mm, 3.95 g)
Murex shell, flanked by dolphin swimming upwards and eel
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç –Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (16mm, 4.22 g, 2 h)
Hermit crab right; wheat ear below
Lion advancing right
Gülbay & Kireç 40 var. (figure on reverse – same obverse die)
My special thanks to BCD for withholding his bid and allowing me to acquire this piece. Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (14mm, 2.31 g, 10 h)
Hermit crab right; wheat ear below
Facing head of Medusa
Cf. Gülbay & Kireç 40/191-2 (for obv./rev.)
Ex Pecunem 10 (1 December 2013), lot 848Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (16mm, 2.8 g)
Victory advancing right, holding wreath, palm frond over shoulder; VM-NΩ flanking
Gülbay & Kireç 11-2 (same dies)
Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos.
PB Tessera (20mm, 5.41 g)
Oleiculture scene: male figure standing right, holding stick and knocking olives from tree to right; star and crescent between; behind, stag(?) standing left; [...]POV above
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç –
Scenes of the olive harvest are entirely unknown on coinage, but some mosaics and Greek vases illustrate the practice. See in particular an Attic black figure neck amphora in the British Museum (ABV, 273, 116) depicting two men using sticks to knock olives from a tree.Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (12mm, 1.43 g)
Pan standing left, holding lagobolon in left hand, raising right; palm frond to right, leaf to left
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç -
The lagobolon was a curved stick used for striking hares. Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (15mm, 1.31 g)
Prawn right, surrounded by scallop, tunny, shark, and dolphin; X over Δ to right Retrograde P within wreath
Gülbay & Kireç -
Ex Tom Vossen Collection; Münzzentrum 150 (7 Jan 2009), lot 258Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (14mm, 3.94 g)
Cockle or scallop shell
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç -Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (21mm,5.66 g)
Squid
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç -Ardatirion
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IONIA,Ephesos
PB Tessera (16mm, 2.34 g)
Stag standing right
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç 98 corr. (stag, not crab)Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (19mm, 4.90 g)
Togate figure standing left, sacrificing at altar before tholos containing cult statue
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç -; Hirsch 279, lot 4922
The engraver of this die betrays no small skill in his execution of the obverse type; the circular shrine is shown in perspective, with the columns arranged so as to suggest distance while still leaving room for the statue to be visible. I was surprised to find that another specimen of this type from different, though equally elegant dies had recently sold in a Hirsch auction, there misidentified as a “bleiplombe,” or lead seal.
Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera
The Charites (the Three Graces) standing, the left and right facing, the middle with back to view; uncertain legend around
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç -Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (15mm, 1.74 g)
TYXH THC ΠOΛEAC (Tyche of the City)
Tyche Poleas standing left, holding rudder and cornucopia
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç -Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos. Lauphilos, boularches damosie
PB Tessera (21mm, 5.16 g)
ΛAOVΦIΛ•-•BOVΛAP Δ[A]
Dikaiosyne standing left holding cornucopia and scales
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç –
Ex Tom Vossen Collection; Münzzentrum 161 (11 January 2012), lot 316; Münzzentrum 159 (4 May 2011), lot 359Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (16mm, 3.97 g)
Woman standing facing holding basket on head; MH-NO flanking
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç 48-50Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (14mm, 2.28 g)
Female head right
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç - (but cf. 183 and 184 for other female portraits)Ardatirion
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ASIA MINOR, Uncertain
PB Tessera (9mm, 0.76 g)
Cornucopia or aplustre(?)
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç -
Ardatirion
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UNCERTAIN EAST
Circa 300 BC - 100 AD?
PB Tessera (20mm, 3.79 g)
Two punches: bee, Λ A flanking; Nike advancing facing, head right
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç -; Lang & Crosby -; Howgego -
The first punch depicts a bee with a long, cylindrical body, triangular pointed wings, and globular eyes with the letters Λ and A flanking. A second, added later over the edge of the first, shows Nike striding boldly forward with her head slightly to the right. The elegant engraving of the punches, both unlisted as countermarks in Howgego, contrasts starkly with the rough, unfinished flan. Although the basic types of Nike and a bee are common at Ephesos, the fabric and style differ from the issues of that city. Neither does the piece fit with the tokens found in the Athenian Agora. All considered, this piece appears consistent with what one would expect from a temporary token or entry pass, possibly of the pre-Roman period.Ardatirion
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0001 Sasanian Empire Khusro II -- Year 2 -- BishapurObv: Pahlavi script legend: to the l. on two lines reading down leftward and outward is GDH/'pzwt (xwarrah abzūd) and to the r. on one line reading down is hwslwd (Husraw) = Khusro has increased the royal glory; frontal bust facing r. of bearded Khusro II with a hair globe drawn to the back of the neck, crown with three merlons and attached to the top of the crown cap are wings (group of pellets within the base) with an attached crescent and star, double pearl diadem with three ribbons behind, earring made up of three dots, neckline edged with a row of pearls, both shoulders decorated with a crescent and star, double row of pearls from shoulders to breast, two dots on the breast, star in upper l. field, star and crescent in upper r. field, two dotted rims with a star on a crescent at 3h, 6h, and 9h.
Rev: Pahlavi script legend: to the l. reading down is year tlyn of Khusro II's reign and to the r. reading down is the mint mark BYSh = year 2 of Khusro II's reign, Bishapur; fire altar with a base consisting of two slabs and a shaft with two ribbons pointing upwards to the r. and l. of the shaft with four altar slabs on top and flames consisting of four tiers rendered as four then three then two then one upward stroke, star to the l. and crescent to the r. of the top two tiers, to the l. and r. of the altar are two frontal facing attendants each holding a sword pointing downwards with the r. hand over the l. hand and wearing a rounded cap, three dotted rims with a star on a crescent at 3h, 6h, 9h, and 12h.
Denomination: silver drachm; Mint: Bishapur; Date: year 2, 591 - 592 AD; Weight: 4.12g; Diameter: 29mm; Die axis: 90º; References, for example: Göbl II/2; SNS Iran 580 and 581 (same mint and regnal year).
Regnal year 2 saw major changes to the coinage of Khusro II. First, the defeat of Wahrām Chōbēn (Wahrām VI) brought to an end the interruption of Khusro II's xwarrah and so wings representing Vərəθraγna/Verethragna (Avestan), Wahrām (Middle Persian), Bahrām (Persian), i.e. the god or personification of victory, were added to Khusro II's crown. Second, for the first time in Sasanian coinage the ideogram GDH (xwarrah) is added to the legend (obverse). Third, on the reverse six pointed stars are added to the crescent moons outside of the three dotted rims at 3h, 6h, 9h, and 12h. Six pointed stars can be considered representations of the sun (see Gariboldi 2010 pp. 36ff and the sources referenced in footnote 71, p. 37).
See Daryaee (1997) for an interesting study of the religious and political iconography on the coinage of Khusro II*. He argues that Khusro II implemented iconographic changes in regnal year 2 (591 - 592 AD) as a direct result of suppressing the rebellion (with the assistance of the Byzantine Emperor Maurice) of the brilliant general Wahrām Chōbēn (Wahrām VI) in 591 AD. Further iconographic changes were carried out in regnal year 11 (600 - 601 AD) in response to the final defeat in 600 AD of the 10 year rule/rebellion of Wistahm**, his uncle (as the brother-in-law of his father Ohrmazd IV) and former staunch supporter.
*The study cannot be intended to be complete. For example, there is no discussion of the legend 'pd that appeared, beginning in the 12th regnal year but not present for all subsequent years or at all mints, in the second quadrant outside of the rims on the obverse. Gariboldi 2010 (p.64) translates the legend as "good", "excellent", "wonderful" while Göbl 1983 (p. 331) translates it as "praise".
**There is some debate about when Wistahm was finally eliminated. Daryaee, following Paruck 1924, relies on (purported?) numismatic evidence that the last coin minted in his name was for year 10. Therefore Daryaee states that 600 AD was the year of elimination (Daryaee 1997, p. 53 n. 38. Also see Daryaee 2009, p. 33 n. 166 for a slightly more tepid assertion). Frye 1984 implies a 10 year rule for Wistahm, stating that "it was not until 601 that the rule of Chosroes [Khusro] was restored over all of the empire..." (p. 336). Göbl SN, however, states that 10 years of reign are said to be represented, although personally he had only seen coins of years 2 through 7 (p. 53). Thus Wistahm's years in SN's Table XI are listed as "591/2 - 597?" Malek 1993 also lists Wistahm's years as 591/2 - 97 (p. 237).
Provenance: Ex Stephen Album Rare Coins Auction 36, January 25, 2020
Photo Credit: Stephen Album Rare Coins
Sources
Daryaee, Touraj. 'The Use of Religio-Political Propaganda on Coins of Xusrō II." The Journal of the American Numismatics (1989-), vol. 9 (1997): 41-53.
Daryaee, Touraj. Sasanian Persia: The Rise And Fall Of An Empire. London: I. B. Tauris, 2009.
Frye, Richard. The History of Ancient Iran. Munich: C.H. Beck’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1984.
Gariboldi, Andrea. Sasanian Coinage and History: The Civic Numismatic Collection of Milan. Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers, 2010.
Göbl, Robert. Sasanian Numismatics. Braunschweig: Klinkhardt and Biermann, 1971.
Göbl 1983: Yarshater, Ehsan, ed. The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 3 (1), The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983: 322 - 336.
Malek, Hodge. "A Survey of Research on Sasanian Numismatics." The Numismatic Chronicle (1966-), vol. 153 (1993): 227 - 269.
Paruck, F.D.J. Sasanian Coins. Bombay: 1924.
SNS Iran: Akbarzadeh, Daryoosh and Nikolaus Schindel. Sylloge Nummorum Sasanidarum Iran A Late Sasanian Hoard from Orumiyeh. Wien: Österreichischen Akademie Der Wissenschaften, 2017.
Tracy Aiello
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0002 Sasanian Empire Khusro II -- Year 5 -- CtesiphonObv: Pahlavi script legend: to the l. on two lines reading down leftward and outward is GDH/'pzwt (xwarrah abzūd) and to the r. on one line reading down is hwslwd (Husraw) = Khusro has increased the royal glory; frontal bust facing r. of bearded Khusro II with a hair globe drawn to the back of the neck, crown with three merlons and attached to the top of the crown cap are wings (lines within the base, wings open) with an attached crescent and star, double pearl diadem with three ribbons behind, earring made up of three dots, neckline edged with a row of pearls, both shoulders decorated with a crescent and star, double row of pearls from shoulders to breast, two dots on the breast, star in upper l. field, star and crescent in upper r. field, two dotted rims with a star on a crescent at 3h, 6h, and 9h.
Rev: Pahlavi script legend: to the l. reading down is year ḥwmŝ‵ of Khusro II's reign and to the r. reading down is the mint mark WYHC = year 5 of Khusro II's reign, Ctesiphon; fire altar with a base consisting of two slabs and a shaft with two ribbons pointing upwards to the r. and l. of the shaft with four altar slabs on top and flames consisting of four tiers rendered as four then three then two then one upward stroke, star to the l. and crescent to the r. of the top two tiers, to the l. and r. of the altar are two frontal facing attendants each holding a sword pointing downwards with the r. hand over the l. hand and wearing a rounded cap, three dotted rims with a star on a crescent at 3h, 6h, 9h, and 12h.
Denomination: silver drachm; Mint: Ctesiphon;1 Date: year 5, 594 - 595 AD; Weight: 4.10g; Diameter: 31.34mm; Die axis: 90º; References, for example: Göbl II/2.
Notes:
1See Schindel (2005) pp. 296 - 299 for an argument identifying the Pahlavi mint signature WYHC with Ctesipon.
See Daryaee (1997) for an interesting study of the religious and political iconography on the coinage of Khusro II*. He argues that Khusro II implemented iconographic changes in regnal year 2 (591 - 592 AD) as a direct result of suppressing the rebellion (with the assistance of the Byzantine Emperor Maurice) of the brilliant general Wahrām Chōbēn (Wahrām VI) in 591 AD. Further iconographic changes were carried out in regnal year 11 (600 - 601 AD) in response to the final defeat in 600 AD of the 10 year rule/rebellion of Wistahm**, his uncle (as the brother-in-law of his father Ohrmazd IV) and former staunch supporter.
*The study cannot be intended to be complete. For example, there is no discussion of the legend 'pd that appeared, beginning in the 12th regnal year but not present for all subsequent years or at all mints, in the second quadrant outside of the rims on the obverse. Gariboldi 2010 (p.64) translates the legend as "good", "excellent", "wonderful' while Göbl 1983 (p. 331) translates it as "praise".
**There is some debate about when Wistahm was finally eliminated. Daryaee, following Paruck 1924, relies on (purported?) numismatic evidence that the last coin minted in his name was for year 10. Therefore Daryaee states that 600 AD was the year of elimination (Daryaee 1997, p. 53 n. 38. Also see Daryaee 2009, p. 33 n. 166 for a slightly more tepid assertion). Frye 1984 implies a 10 year rule for Wistahm, stating that "it was not until 601 that the rule of Chosroes [Khusro] was restored over all of the empire..." (p. 336). Göbl SN, however, states that 10 years of reign are said to be represented, although personally he had only seen coins of years 2 through 7 (p. 53). Thus Wistahm's years in SN's Table XI are listed as "591/2 - 597?" Malek 1993 also lists Wistahm's years as 591/2 - 97 (p. 237).
Provenance: Ex Marc R. Breitsprecher, Classical Numismatist October 2, 2018.
Photo Credit: Marc R. Breitsprecher, Classical Numismatist
Sources
Daryaee, Touraj. "The Use of Religio-Political Propaganda on Coins of Xusrō II." The Journal of the American Numismatics (1989-), vol. 9 (1997): 41-53.
Daryaee, Touraj. Sasanian Persia: The Rise And Fall Of An Empire. London: I. B. Tauris, 2009.
Frye, Richard. The History of Ancient Iran. Munich: C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1984.
Gariboldi, Andrea. Sasanian Coinage and History: The Civic Numismatic Collection of Milan. Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers, 2010.
Göbl, Robert. Sasanian Numismatics. Braunschweig: Klinkhardt and Biermann, 1971.
Göbl 1983: Yarshater, Ehsan, ed. The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 3 (1), The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983: 322 - 336.
Malek, Hodge. "A Survey of Research on Sasanian Numismatics." The Numismatic Chronicle (1966-), vol. 153 (1993): 227 - 269.
Paruck, F.D.J. Sasanian Coins. Bombay: 1924.
Schindel, Nickolaus. "Sasanian Mint Abbreviations: The Evidence of Style." The Numismatic Chronicle (1966-), vol. 165 (2005): 287 - 299.Tracy Aiello
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0003 Sasanian Empire Khusro II -- Year 35 -- CtesiphonObv: Pahlavi script legend: to the l. on two lines reading down leftward and outward (with the first word extending through the inner rim) is GDH/'pzwt (xwarrah abzūd) and to the r. on one line reading down is hwslwd (Husraw) = Khusro has increased the royal glory; frontal bust facing r. of bearded Khusro II with a hair globe drawn to the back of the neck, crown with three merlons and attached to the top of the crown cap are wings (lines within the base, wings open) with an attached crescent and star, double pearl diadem with three ribbons behind, earring made up of three dots, neckline edged with a row of pearls, both shoulders decorated with a crescent and star, double row of pearls from shoulders to breast, two dots on the breast, star in upper l. field and star and crescent in upper r. field both extending through the inner rim, two dotted rims with a star on a crescent at 3h, 6h, and 9h.
Rev: Pahlavi script legend: to the l. reading down is year pncsyh of Khusro II's reign and to the r. reading down is the mint mark WYHC = year 35 of Khusro II's reign, Ctesiphon; fire altar with a base consisting of two slabs and a shaft with two ribbons pointing upwards to the r. and l. of the shaft with four altar slabs on top and flames consisting of four tiers rendered as four then three then two then one upward stroke, star to the l. and crescent to the r. of the top two tiers, to the l. and r. of the altar are two frontal facing attendants each holding a sword pointing downwards with the r. hand over the l. hand and wearing a crescent cap, three dotted rims with a star on a crescent at 3h, 6h, 9h, and 12h.
Denomination: silver drachm; Mint: Ctesiphon;1 Date: year 35, 624 - 625 AD; Weight: 4.11g; Diameter: 32.6mm; Die axis: 90º; References, for example: Göbl II/3.
Notes:
1See Schindel (2005) pp. 296 - 299 for an argument identifying the Pahlavi mint signature WYHC with Ctesipon.
See Daryaee (1997) for an interesting study of the religious and political iconography on the coinage of Khusro II*. He argues that Khusro II implemented iconographic changes in regnal year 2 (591 - 592 AD) as a direct result of suppressing the rebellion (with the assistance of the Byzantine Emperor Maurice) of the brilliant general Wahrām Chōbēn (Wahrām VI) in 591 AD. Further iconographic changes were carried out in regnal year 11 (600 - 601 AD) in response to the final defeat in 600 AD of the 10 year rule/rebellion of Wistahm**, his uncle (as the brother-in-law of his father Ohrmazd IV) and former staunch supporter.
*The study cannot be intended to be complete. For example, there is no discussion of the legend 'pd that appeared, beginning in the 12th regnal year but not present for all subsequent years or at all mints, in the second quadrant outside of the rims on the obverse. Gariboldi 2010 (p.64) translates the legend as "good", "excellent", "wonderful" while Göbl 1983 (p. 331) translates it as "praise".
**There is some debate about when Wistahm was finally eliminated. Daryaee, following Paruck 1924, relies on (purported?) numismatic evidence that the last coin minted in his name was for year 10. Therefore Daryaee states that 600 AD was the year of elimination (Daryaee 1997, p. 53 n. 38. Also see Daryaee 2009, p. 33 n. 166 for a slightly more tepid assertion). Frye 1984 implies a 10 year rule for Wistahm, stating that "it was not until 601 that the rule of Chosroes [Khusro] was restored over all of the empire..." (p. 336). Göbl SN, however, states that 10 years of reign are said to be represented, although personally he had only seen coins of years 2 through 7 (p. 53). Thus Wistahm's years in SN's Table XI are listed as "591/2 - 597?" Malek 1993 also lists Wistahm's years as 591/2 - 97 (p. 237).
Provenance: Ex Forum Ancient Coins June 8, 2018, from the Jyrki Muona Collection; Ex CNG e-auction 59 (26 Feb 2003), lot 77; Ex CNG e-auction 57 (4 Apr 2001), lot 47.
Photo Credit: Forum Ancient Coins
Sources
Daryaee, Touraj. "The Use of Religio-Political Propaganda on Coins of Xusrō II." The Journal of the American Numismatics (1989-), vol. 9 (1997): 41-53.
Daryaee, Touraj. Sasanian Persia: The Rise And Fall Of An Empire. London: I. B. Tauris, 2009.
Frye, Richard. The History of Ancient Iran. Munich: C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1984.
Gariboldi, Andrea. Sasanian Coinage and History: The Civic Numismatic Collection of Milan. Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers, 2010.
Göbl, Robert. Sasanian Numismatics. Braunschweig: Klinkhardt and Biermann, 1971.
Göbl 1983: Yarshater, Ehsan, ed. The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 3 (1), The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983: 322 - 336.
Malek, Hodge. "A Survey of Research on Sasanian Numismatics." The Numismatic Chronicle (1966-), vol. 153 (1993): 227 - 269.
Paruck, F.D.J. Sasanian Coins. Bombay: 1924.
Schindel, Nickolaus. "Sasanian Mint Abbreviations: The Evidence of Style." The Numismatic Chronicle (1966-), vol. 165 (2005): 287 - 299.Tracy Aiello
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0004 - Denarius Antoninus Pius/Lucius Verus 152-163 ACObv/ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP TR P XVI, laureate head of Antoninus Pius r.
Rev/PROV DEOR TR P III COS II, Providentia standing l., holding globe and cornucopiae.
Ag, 17.9mm, 2.72g
Mint: Rome.
Obverse die from Antoninus Pius (152-3 AC, RIC III/p.53), reverse die from Lucius Verus (163 AC, RIC III/491). Either hybrid or ancient forgery.
ex-Lucernae (ebay)dafnis
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0005 - Denarius Caracalla 207 ACObv/ANTONINVS PIVS AVG, laureate head of Caracalla r.
Rev/VIRTVS AVGG, Caracalla in military dress, standing front, head r., holding spear and parazonium. To l., river-god reclining, to r., two captives.
Ag, 18.9mm, 3.06g
Mint: Rome.
RIC IVa/175 - Cohen 670 - BMCRE 259, 520 - RSC 670
ex-Lucernae (ebay)dafnis
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0006 - Denarius Severus Alexander 224 ACObv/IMP C M AVR SEV ALEXANDR, Severus Alexander laureate head, togate.
Rev/PM TR P III COS PP, Mars standing l., holding olive branch and spear upside down.
Ag, 19.9mm, 2.99g
Mint: Rome.
RIC IVb/37 [C] - Cohen 251
ex-ezio110665 (ebay)dafnis
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0007 - Denarius Julia Domna 198 ACObv/IVLIA AVGVSTA, Julia Domna bust, draped, r.
Rev/HILARITAS, Hilaritas standing l., holding long palm and cornucopiae.
Ag, 18.8mm, 3.67g
Mint: Laodicea ad Mare.
RIC IVa/639 [S] - RCV 6586 - Cohen 72 - BMCRE 277, 600 - RSC 72
ex-sjblencoe (ebay)dafnis
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0008 - Denarius Aemilia 63 BCObv/PAVLLVS LEPIDVS CONCORDIA, veiled and diademed head of Concordia r.
Rev/L Aemilius Paullus standing to r. of trophy, Perseus and his two sons captive on the left, PAVLVS in ex.
Ag, 19.1mm, 3.78g
Moneyer: L Aemilius Lepidus Paullus.
Mint: Rome.
RRC 415/1 [dies o/r: 240/267] - Syd.926 - RCV 297 - RSC Postumia 8 - Calicó 1216 - Cohen Postumia 7 - BMCRR 2839
ex-felixcuquerella (ebay)dafnis
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01- AUSTRALIA: 1 SOVEREIGN, KM13, (1901-M)Size: 22.05 mm. Composition: .917 Gold/.2354 oz. Mintage: 3,012,000 ("S" mintmark)- 3,987,000 ("M" mintmark)- 2,889,000 ("P" mintmark).
Grade: PCGS AU58 (Cert. # 5820151).
Comments: Purchased 3/1/10 from eBay seller "akbeez".lordmarcovan
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0102 - Denarius Septimius Severus 194 ACObv/ IMP CAE L SEP SEV PERT AVG COS II, laureate head of S.S. r.
Rev/ VICT AVG, Victory walking l., holding wreath in r.h., palm in l.
Ag, 17.8 mm, 2.38 g
Mint: Emesa.
RIC IV.I/424 [S] – BMCRE V/395
ex-Numismatik Lanz, eBay june 2011, art. #23057715105dafnis
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0105 - Denarius Septimius Severus 205 ACObv/ SEVERVS PIVS AVG, laureate head of S.S. r.
Rev/ PM TR P XIII COS III PP, Annona togate, standing l., holding grain ears and connucopia: modium with grain ears at feet.
Ag, 18.5 mm, 3.35 g
Mint: Roma.
RIC IV.I/198 [C] – BMCRE V/475
ex-Helios Numismatik – eBay, art. #270734396362dafnis
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0106 - Punic - AE unit - 242-209 BCObv/ Head of Tanit (rough) l.
Rev/ Horse's head (rough) r.: before, punic letter “aleph”.
AE, 21.5 mm, 10.35 g
Mint: Qart Hadasht (Cartagena, Spain)
CNH/HC45 [R1]
ex-Sanrode Numismática – eBay, art. #260689847460dafnis
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0107 - As Caligula 37-38 ACObv/ C CAESAR AVG GERMANIC IMP PM TR P COS, laureate head of C. r.
Rev/ PM CN ATEL FLAC CN POM FLAC II VIR Q VINC, Salus (Cesonia?) r.; SAL - AVG in field.
AE, 29.0 mm, 14.76 g
Mint: carthago Nova.
APRH/185
ex-Numismática Hinojosa – eBay, art. #290555714886dafnis
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0108 - Denarius Trajan 103-11 ACObv/ IMP TRAIANO AVG GER DAC PM TR P, laureate bust of T. r. with bare chest showing, drapery on l. shoulder.
Rev/ COS V PP SPQR OPTIMO PRINC, Vesta seated l., holding palladium in r.h., transverse scepter in l.; VESTA in ex.
Ag, 19.5 mm, 2.66 g
Mint: Roma.
RIC II/108 [C]
ex-Numismatik Lanz – eBay, art. #370501543828dafnis
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0113 - Denarius Septimius Severus 194 ACObv/ IMP CAE L SEP SEV PERT AVG COS II, laureate head of S.S. r.
Rev/ PIETAT AVG, S.S. veiled and draped, standing l., making sacrifice with patera over tripod and holding scroll.
Ag, 17.1 mm, 2.65 g
Mint: Emesa (?)
BMCRE V/387 – RIC IV.1/413 [C]
ex-Gitbud & Naumann, eBay may 2011 - art. #160589565018dafnis
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0114 - Denarius Julia Domna 198-209 ACObv/ IVLIA AVGVSTA, draped bust of J.D. r.
Rev/ SAECVLI FELICITAS, Isis standing right, polos on head, stepping on to prow of ship before her, holding wreath in right hand and naked Horus in left; behind her, ship stern and rudder.
Ag, 18.4 mm, 2.63 g
Mint: Roma.
BMCRE V/75 – RIC IV.1/577 [C]
ex-Gitbud & Naumann, eBay may 2011 - art. #1605899480471dafnis
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0115 - Denarius Julia Domna 198-209 ACObv/ IVLIA AVGVSTA, draped bust of J.D. r.
Rev/ PVDICITIA, Pudicitia veiled and draped, seated on stool., r.h. closing on breast, head front, resting l. elbow on throne.
Ag, 18.9 mm, 3.32 g
Mint: Roma.
BMCRE V/74 – RIC IV.1/576 [C]
ex-Numismatik Lanz, eBay june 2011 - art. #230623761581dafnis
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0119 - Denarius Septimius Severus 194-5 ACObv/ IMP CAE L SEP SEV PERT AVG COS II, laureate head of S.S. r.
Rev/ MONET AVG, Moneta draped, standing facing, head l., holding scales and cornucopia.
Ag, 18.3 mm, 2.81 g
Mint: Emesa (?).
BMCRE V/384 – RIC IV.1/411a [C]
ex-Numismatik Lanz, eBay june 2011 - art. #300568006682dafnis
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0120 - Punic - AE16 400-350 BCObv/ Head of Tanit l.
Rev/ Horse standing r.: behind, palm tree; before, three dots.
AE, 16.5 mm, 3.20 g
Mint: Carthage
SNG Copenhagen 118 var.
ex-Numismática Hinojosa, eBay june 2011 - art. #280699851930dafnis
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0121 - Denarius Cipia 115-4 BCObv/ Helmeted head of Roma r.; before, M CIPI MF; behind, X.
Rev/ Victory in biga r., holding reins and palm-branch tied with fillet; below, rudder; in ex. ROMA.
Ag, 17.5 mm, 3.93 g
Moneyer: M. Cipius M.f.
Mint: Roma.
RRC 289/1 [dies o/r: 535/669] - Bab. Cipia 1 - Syd. 546
ex-Numismática Hinojosa, eBay june 2011 - art. #350470428453dafnis
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0132 - 1/2 AE Alexander III the Great 325-10 BCObv/ Macedonian shield with thunderbolts inside.
Rev/ Macedonian helmet, (dolphin), AI monogram below; B A on each side of the field.
AE, 15.5 mm, 4.48 g
Mint: Macedonia uncertain.
Price 415
ex-Numismatik Lanz, eBay jul 2011 - art. #300569816457dafnis
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0133 - Nummus Constantine I 307-10 ACObv/ IMP CONSTANTINVS PF AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust of C. r.
Rev/ PRINCIPI IV-VE-NTVTIS, C. in military outfit, held l., holding a standard on each hand; PLN in ex.
AE, 25.5 mm, 6.24 g
Mint: Londinium.
RIC VI/111 [S]
ex-Numismatik Lanz, eBay jul 2011 - art. #300571161041dafnis
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0134 - Nummus Constantine I 319-20 ACObv/ IMP CONSTANTIN-VS AVG, helmeted bust of C. l., cuirassed and with spear on r. shoulder.
Rev/ VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP, two Victories standing face to face, holding vota shield, with VOT / PR inscribed within; diamond mint mark inside altar, PLN in ex.
AE, 17.5 mm, 2.92 g
Mint: Londinium.
RIC VII/158 var. [S]
ex-Numismática Hinojosa, eBay jul 2011 - art. #280702971071dafnis
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0137 - Denarius Julia Mamaea 222-35 ACObv/ IVLIA MAMAEA AVG, diademed and draped bust of J.M. r.
Rev/ VENERI FELICI, Venus standing r., holding Cupid and scepter.
Ag, 19.7 mm, 2.82 g
Mint: Roma.
RIC IV.2/351 [C]
ex-Numismatik Lanz, eBay jul 2011 - art. #230637829841dafnis
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