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CLAUDIUS I As - 41/42 AD - Mint of Rome
Obv.: TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR IMP
Bare head left
Rev.: S C across field, Minerva standing right, brandishing spear and holding shield on left arm.
Cohen 84var, RIC 100
g. 13,5 mm. 29,5 Maxentius
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HADRIAN - Dupondius - 118 AD
Obv.: IMP CAESAR TRAIANVS HADRIANVS AVG, radiate and draped bust right;
Rev.: PONT MAX TR POT COS II. In ex. FORT RED / S C, Fortuna std. left holding rudder and cornucopiae
Gs. 13,2 mm. 26,8
Cohen 757var, RIC 557varMaxentius
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Obverse: DN MAVRC TIB PP AVG or similar, Helmeted sometimes crowned, and cuir. Bust facing, holding gl. cr., and shield.
Reverse: Large K ANNO to left, cross above, regnal yr 3 (III) to rt. but the mint mark sometimes reads TE, TH,TEC or backward S < E< and T, instead of TES.
Mint: Thessalonica
Date: 584/5 CE
Sear 509, DO 74-90
18mm, 5.90gwileyc
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Medaillen
Deutsches Reich
Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller war ein bedeutender deutsche Dichter, Dramatiker, Philosoph und Historiker (*1759 in Marbach am Neckar, + 1805 in Weimar)
Zinnmedaille
Signiert W.S (Wenzel Seidan)
Undatiert (1859)
Auf den 100. Geburtstag Schillers gewidmet vom Prager Schiller-Verein
Vs: Umschrift, darin bekleidetes Brustbild nach rechts.
Rs: Sieben Zeilen Schrift zwischen zwei Lorbeerzweigen
7,5 g ; 26,0 mm
Kleine Randunebenheiten, Vorzüglich _1193Antonivs Protti
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GEORGIAN KINGDOM, QUEEN TAMAR, (1184-1213 AD) K'ORONIKON, 420 = 1200 AD; Obv.: Bagratid royal emblem in the form of a standard, to left and right: Initials for T'amar and David; in the corners, Georgian date formula, K'K Ví K (420 of the Paschal cycle = AD 1200). Two Counterstamps. Rev.: Christian inscriptions in arabic script, which reads: 1st line: Malekat al-Malekaat(s) / 2nd line Jellal Al-Dunya Wal Din / 3rd line : Tamar Ibnat Kurki / 4th line : Zahir Al-Massih. Translation: Queen of Queens Glory of the World and Faith T'amar daughter of Giorgi Champion of the Messiah. Reference: LANG # 11.
Reverse inscriptions read :
ملكة الملكات
جلال الدنيا و الدين
تمار ابنة كوركى
ظهير Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø³ÙŠØ dpaul7
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Georgia Georgia and Armenia as part of the Iranian state
Nâdir Shâh Afshâr, 1148-1160 H./1735-1747 AD Rupee 1152 H. Tiflîs. Album 2744 Lang 89
Quant.Geek
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OBVERSE - IMP CONSTANTINVS AVG
high-crested helmet, cuirassed, spear across right shoulder
REVERSE - VICTORIAE LAETE PRINC PERP
TWO VICTORIES RESTING SHIELD, INSCRIBED VOT P R ON ALTAR - CONCAVE ROUND TOP ALTAR, WITH GARLAND AND TOP DOT OF GARLAND JUST UNDER ROUND TOP.
UNKNOWN IN EX. ?? UNKNOWN MINT ??
DIMENSION = 19mm
WEIGHT = 3 grams
MATERIAL = BRONZE ?
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Maximus Crowvs
Maximus (Caesar, 235/6-238). AR Denarius Rome mint, 236-7.
O: MAXIMVS CAES GERM; Rvssell Crowvs Bareheaded and draped bust right
R: PRINC IVVENTVTIS; Maximus standing left, holding baton and spear; two signa to right
- RIC IV ?Nemonater
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SIKH EMPIRE: AE paisa (11.77g), Amritsar, VS(188)0, KM-4, Herrli-01.30.11Quant.Geek
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SIKH EMPIRE: AE ¼ anna (7.35g), Amritsar, VS(18)96, KM-5var, Herrli-01.31, small cross in obverse field, pa anna nanakshahi on reverse, lovely strike, gorgeous EF, R, ex Paul Stevens Collection. Herrli divided these into a paisa (=¼ anna) and half paisa (11-12g, and 5.5g, respectively), but all coins are inscribed "pa anna" for ¼ anna, and all weigh in the range of 7.0g to 8.5g; thus there is only one denomination for this type.
Quant.Geek
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JAMES III
James III was crowned at Kelso Abbey in 1460 at the age of nine, he was the son of James II and Mary of Guelders. During his childhood, the government was led by successive factions until 1469 when he began to rule for himself. That same year he married Princess Margaret of Denmark. Margaret's father, King Christian I of Denmark and Norway was unable to raise the full amount of her dowry so pledged his lands and rights in Orkney and Shetland as security for the remainder. But Christian I was never able to redeem his pledge, and Orkney and Shetland have remained Scottish possessions ever since.
Soon after his marriage, James faced great difficulties in restoring a strong central government. His preference for the company of scholars, architects and artists coupled with his extravagance and partiality to favourites alienated him from the loyalty of his nobles. Even his own brothers, Alexander, Duke of Albany and John, Earl of Mar regarded him with jealousy verging on hatred. In 1479, James' brothers were arrested on suspicion of conspiring against the Crown. John Stewart, the Earl of Mar, died in suspicious circumstances, whilst Alexander Stewart, the Duke of Albany, escaped and fled to England.
The ever-present English threat had been temporarily solved by a truce with Edward IV in 1463 but James' estrangement from his brothers and a strong faction within the Scottish nobility led to the final loss of Berwick.
Although James had tried to settle his differences with Alexander, Duke of Albany, his brother again tried to take his throne in a coup after Edward IV recognised him as Alexander IV of Scotland in 1482. Some minor members of James III's household were hanged, including Robert Cochrane, the king's favourite. But James was removed to Edinburgh Castle where he survived and Alexander was exiled to France.
After his queen's death in 1486, James lived in increasing isolation amidst the growing resentment of the nobility. Finally, in 1488, the Scottish nobles seized James' eldest son, also called James, placed him at their head, and rose against the king. At the Battle of Sauchieburn, three miles from Stirling, James III, defeated, was thrown from his horse as he fled from the field. He was carried into a nearby cottage where he was set upon and stabbed to death.
James III was buried at Cambuskenneth Abbey near Stirling and his son, the figurehead of the revolt against him, was hailed as James IV.
*Alex
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BERIA, Bolskan. Circa 150-100 BC. AR Denarius (17.5mm, 4.05 g, 1h). Bare bearded head right; Iberian bon to left / Warrior, holding spear, on horseback right; Iberian bolśkan below. ACIP 1417; SNG BM Spain 710–33. Ex. Triton XX, lot 1, 1/10/2017 (unsold), ex: CNG Electronic Auction 412, lot 1, 1/17/2018.paul1888
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THOMAS ROTHERHAM, ARCHBISHOP OF YORK
Thomas Rotherham, also known as Thomas (Scot) de Rotherham, was an English cleric and statesman. He served as bishop of several dioceses, most notably as Archbishop of York and, on two occasions as Lord Chancellor. Rotherham was educated at King's College, Cambridge, he graduated as a Bachelor of Divinity and became a Fellow of his college where he lectured on Grammar, Theology, and Philosophy. After his ordination as a priest, he became a prebendary of Lincoln in 1462 and then of Salisbury in 1465. He moved on to powerful positions in the Church, being appointed as Bishop of Rochester in 1468, Bishop of Lincoln in 1472, and then Archbishop of York in 1480, a position he held until his death in 1500.
In 1467, King Edward IV appointed Rotherham as Keeper of the Privy Seal. He was sent as ambassador to France in 1468 and as joint ambassador to Burgundy in 1471, and in 1475 was entrusted with the office of Lord Chancellor. When Edward IV died in April 1483, Rotherham was one of the celebrants of the funeral mass on 20th April 1483 and immediately after Edward's death he sided with the dowager queen, Elizabeth Woodville, in her attempt to deprive Richard, Duke of Gloucester of his role as Lord Protector of her son, the new King Edward V. When Elizabeth sought sanctuary after Richard had taken charge of the king, Rotherham released the Great Seal to her (though he later recovered it and handed it over to Thomas Bourchier, the Archbishop of Canterbury).
Rotherham's mishandling of the seal was perceived as indicative of questionable loyalty and led to his dismissal as Lord Chancellor. He was replaced by John Russell, who earlier had also been his successor as Bishop of Lincoln. On 13th June 1483, Rotherham was charged with being involved in a conspiracy between Lord Hastings and the Woodvilles against Richard and imprisoned in the Tower of London, but he was released a few weeks later, around the middle of July, after Richard's coronation as King Richard III. Rotherham was re-instated as Chancellor in 1485, however he was dismissed shortly afterwards by Henry VII and retired from public work.
Rotherham died of the plague in Cawood near York on 29th May 1500. His remains were transferred to a magnificent marble tomb in York Minster in 1506.*Alex
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Caligula. 40-as; Caligula; 37-41 AD, Rome, 39/40 AD, As, 11.10g. BM-59, Paris-105, C-28, RIC-47 (S). Obv: C CAESAR DIVI AVG PRON AVG P M TR P III P P Head bare l. Rx: VESTA S - C Vesta seated l. holding patera and slanting scepter. Scarce with this date; most surviving VESTA asses date from Caligula\'s first tribunician year, with TR POT in obverse legendpaul1888
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Metapontum, Lucania, c. 340 - 330 B.C.
|Italy|, |Metapontum,| |Lucania,| |c.| |340| |-| |330| |B.C.|, NEWLeukippos (or Leucippus) was a son of king Oinomaos of Pisa. He fell in love with the nymph Daphne and disguised himself as a girl to join her company. When she discovered his true identity in the bath, he was slain by the nymphs. Based on this portrait, his plan was doomed from the start.
Another Leukippos, unrelated to the coin, was a philosopher in the first half of 5th century B.C. This Leukippos was the first Greek to develop the theory of atomism; the idea that everything is composed entirely of various imperishable, indivisible elements called atoms. His theory was elaborated in far greater detail by his pupil and successor, Democritus. Leukippos was born in Miletus or Abdera.
GS110591. Silver nomos, Johnson-Noe B3.15 (same dies); SNG Fitzwilliam 497 (same); Historia Numorum Italy 1576; SNG ANS 443, VF, fine style, toned, areas weakly struck, irregularly shaped flan, Metapontion (Metaponto, Italy) mint, weight 7.812g, maximum diameter 22.5mm, die axis 315o, c. 340 - 330 B.C.; obverse ΛEYKIΠΠOΣ (clockwise from above), head of Leucippus right, bearded, wearing Corinthian helmet with a plain bowl, dog (control symbol) seated left behind; reverse barley ear, stalk and leaf on right, bird with open wings on leaf, META upward on left, AMI below leaf; from the CEB Collection, Ex: Numismatic Fine Arts, Inc, Summer Bid Sale, June 27, 1986, lot 45.paul1888
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Macedonian Kingdom. Perseus. 179-168 B.C. AR drachm. ca. 171/0 B.C. Aristokrates, magistrate.
Macedonian Kingdom. Perseus. 179-168 B.C. AR drachm (15 mm, 2.60 g, 12 h). ca. 171/0 B.C. Aristokrates, magistrate. Head of Helios facing slightly right / P-O, rose with bud to left; in left field, club; above, magistrate's name: [ΑΡΙ]ΣΤΟΚΡΑΤΗΣ. R. J. H. Ashton, ""Clubs, Thunderbolts, Torches, Stars and Caducei: more Pseudo-Rhodian Drachms from Mainland Greece and the Islands,"" NC 162 (2002), 17 (A6/P5; this coin). Toned. Very fine.
Ex: TRISKELES AUCTIONS 326 ON VAUCTIONS
LOT 48, 29 Sep 2017; Ex Naville V (18 June 1923), 2669. Ex: British Museum
The Pseudo-Rhodian drachms were struck, probably by the Macedonians under Perseus but possibly by the Romans, to pay for Mercenaries from Crete and Rhodes who would have been familiar with Rhodian coinage. The coins in the name of the magistrate Aristokrates with the club symbol in the field is the largest known individual issue of pseudo-Rhodian drachms from the Third Macedonian War, and used at least twenty-nine obverse dies.paul1888
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Marcus Aurelius. Silver Denarius (3.62 g), as Caesar, AD 138-161. Rome, under Antoninus Pius, AD 148/9. AVRELIVS CA-ESAR AVG PII F, bare head of Marcus Aurelius right. Reverse: TR POT III COS II, Minerva standing right, holding inverted spear and grounded shield. RIC 444; BMC 683; RSC 618. Lightly toned.
From The Herbert & Aphrodite Rubin Collection; Ex Seaby Coin and Medal Bulletin, October 1975, Lot A-805.paul1888
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Tranqeubar, Christian V, 1 Kas ND, UBJ 145, KM 95, Sieg 36.2, nice.
VF Quant.Geek
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OBV:+ RENATI* D[V]X* BARREN* Z* LOTHO’ M;René, Duke of Bar
and Lorraine.(Quartered field of Anjou and Bar, an escutcheon
of Lorraine embroidered over the whole)
REV:MONET* FAC-TA* [IN*] S* MICHAL Currency minted in Saint-
(Pal sword cutting the legend and next to a bar accompanied by
two crossettes and an alerion.)
Mint: Saint Mihiel
Date: 1431-1452.
Roberts 9425, BD 1492
23mm, 1.24g
ex cng eauction 535, Lot 863 29/3/23
-----
René of Anjou (1409-1480), better known as "Good King René" was also Count of Provence (1434-1480), Duke of Bar (1419-1480). By his marriage to Isabelle de Lorraine, the daughter of Duke Charles, he became Duke of Lorraine. He was also king of Naples (1438-1442), titular king of Sicily and nominal of Jerusalem (1434-1480).wileyc
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Time of Alexander I, AR Hemiobol, struck 470 - 460 BC at Argilos in MacedoniaObverse: No legend. Forepart of Pegasos facing left.
Reverse: No legend. Quadripartite granulated incuse square.
Diameter: 8.78mm | Weight: 0.20gms | Die Axis: Uncertain
Liampi 118 | SNG - | GCV -
Rare
Argilos was a city of ancient Macedonia founded by a colony of Greeks from Andros. Although little information is known about the city until about 480 BC, the literary tradition dates the foundation to around 655/654 BC which makes Argilos the earliest Greek colony on the Thracian coast. It appears from Herodotus to have been a little to the right of the route the army of Xerxes I took during its invasion of Greece in 480 BC in the Greco-Persian Wars. Its territory must have extended as far as the right bank of the Strymona, since the mountain of Kerdylion belonged to the city.
Argilos benefited from the trading activities along the Strymona and probably also from the gold mines of the Pangeion. Ancient authors rarely mention the site, but nevertheless shed some light on the important periods of its history. In the last quarter of the 6th century BC, Argilos founded two colonies, Tragilos, in the Thracian heartland, and Kerdilion, a few kilometers to the east of the city.
Alexander I was the ruler of the ancient kingdom of Macedonia from c.498 BC until his death in 454 BC. Alexander came to the throne during the era of the kingdom's vassalage to Persia, dating back to the time of his father, Amyntas I. Although Macedonia retained a broad scope of autonomy, in 492 BC it was made a fully subordinate part of the Persian Empire. Alexander I acted as a representative of the Persian governor Mardonius during peace negotiations after the Persian defeat at the Battle of Salamis in 480 BC. From the time of Mardonius' conquest of Macedonia, Herodotus disparagingly refers to Alexander I as “hyparchos”, meaning viceroy. However, despite his cooperation with Persia, Alexander frequently gave supplies and advice to the Greek city states, and warned them of the Persian plans before the Battle of Plataea in 479 BC. After their defeat at Plataea, when the Persian army under the command of Artabazus tried to retreat all the way back to Asia Minor, most of the 43,000 survivors of the battle were attacked and killed by the forces of Alexander at the estuary of the Strymona river.
Alexander regained Macedonian independence after the end of the Persian Wars and was given the title "philhellene" by the Athenians, a title used for Greek patriots.
After the Persian defeat, Argilos became a member of the first Athenian confederation but the foundation of Amphipolis in 437 BC, which took control of the trade along the Strymona, brought an end to this. Thucydides tells us that some Argilians took part in this foundation but that the relations between the two cities quickly deteriorated and, during the Peloponnesian war, the Argilians joined with the Spartan general Brasidas to attack Amphipolis. An inscription from the temple of Asklepios in Epidauros attests that Argilos was an independent city during the 4th century.
Like other colonies in the area, Argilos was conquered by the Macedonian king Philip II in 357 B.C. Historians believe that the city was then abandoned and, though excavations have brought to light an important agricultural settlement on the acropolis dated to the years 350-200 BC, no Roman or Byzantine ruins have been uncovered there.*Alex
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JUSTINIAN I, AE Half-Follis (20 Nummi), struck 548/549 at Antioch (Theoupolis)Obverse: D N IVSTINIANVS P P AVG. Helmeted and cuirassed facing bust of Justinian I holding globus cruciger in his right hand and shield in his left; cross in right field.
Reverse: Large K, cross above and mint-mark O/Π below. A/N/N/O in field to left of K and regnal year XXII in field to right
Diameter: 25mm | Weight: 7.8gms | Die Axis: 11
SBCV: 230 | DOC: 238.3
Much of Antioch was destroyed by a great earthquake on 29th November 528 and, following this disaster, the city was renamed Theoupolis.
548: On June 28th of this year, at the age of 48, the Empress Theodora died. Her body is buried in the Church of the Holy Apostles in Constantinople.
Also in this year Justinian I relieved Belisarius from military command in favour of the elderly Byzantine general Narses.
549: This year, after Belisarius had returned to Constantinople, the Ostrogoths under Totila besieged Rome for a third time. The Ostrogoths then conquered the city of Perugia in central Italy and stationed a Gothic garrison there.
549 was also the year that the last ever chariot races were held in the Circus Maximus in Rome.
*Alex
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13Carausius 287-93AD
Antoninianus
Obv “IMP C CARAVSIVS PF AVG”
Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev “COMES AVG”
Minerva standing left holding branch and spear, leaning on shield
London mint
B/E//MLXXI
RIC 13mauseus
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4.5 Germanicus, father of CaligulaGERMANICUS
AE Dupondius. Struck under Caligula.
GERMANICVS CAESAR, Germanicus in quadriga right / SIGNIS RECEP DEVICTIS GERM S-C, Germanicus standing left with eagle-tipped scepter.
RIC 57 [Caligula], Cohen 7, BMC 93 Fine
Ex VAuctions
RI0038Sosius
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6 Nero AE AsNERO
AE As
NERO CAESAR AVG GERM IMP, laureate head right / PACE P R VBIQ PARTA IANVM CLVSIT S-C, the Temple of Janus, latticed window to l., garland hung across closed double doors on the right.
RIC 306, Sear5 #1974
On the rare occasions when Rome was not at war with a foreign enemy the doors of the 'Twin Janus' temple were ceremonially closed, an event which Nero commemorated extensively on the coinage of 65-67 A.D. -- David R. Sear, Roman Coins and Their Values, Vol 1
RI0042Sosius
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6.75 Revolt of VindexRevolt Against Nero, Gaius Iulius Vindex, Governor of Gallia Lugdunensis, c. Late 67 - May 68 A.D.
Struck by Gaius Iulius Vindex, the Roman governor of Gallia Lugdunensis, who rebelled against Nero's tax policy and declared allegiance to Galba, the governor of Hispania Tarraconensis, as the new emperor. Vindex was defeated and killed in battle near Vesontio (modern Besançon), but the military continued to support Galba. On 9 June 68, deserted by the Praetorian Guard, Nero stabbed himself in the throat.
Silver denarius, Unpublished, civil war restitution of Augustus, gF, porosity, marks, uncertain (Lugdunum?) mint, weight 3.167g, maximum diameter 19.0mm, die axis 180o, c. late 67 - May 68 A.D.; obverse CAESAR, bare head of Augustus right; reverse AVGVSTVS, young bull walking right, head turned facing; ex Roma Numismatics e-auction 6, lot 321; only two examples known to Forum
Purchased from FORVMSosius
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Claudius II Gothicus, 268-270 CE.Bronze Antoninianus, Minister 478
Obverse: DIVO CLAUVDIO, radiate head right.
Reverse: CONSECRATIO, garlanded altar with flames above, no decoration on front. 16.7 mm., 1.8 g.
Note: Although a variation of this coin is in the RIC and Cohen, these sources generally refer to the type with a front divided into four sections (RIC 261). This type of garlanded altar, lit altar was not described and published until the discovery of the Minister Hoard, discovered after RIC was written.
NORMAN K
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JUSTINIAN I, AE Decanummium (10 Nummi), struck 548/549 at CarthageObverse: D N IVSTINIANVS P P AG. Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust of Justinian I facing right.
Reverse: VICTORIA AG. Victory advancing facing holding wreath in right hand and globus cruciger in left, in exergue X with star either side. (The X indicates the mark of value, i.e. 10 Nummi).
Diameter: 20.7mm | Weight: 4.24gms | Die Axis: 9
SBCV: 271 | DOC: 304
SCARCE
548: On June 28th of this year, at the age of 48, the Empress Theodora died. Her body is buried in the Church of the Holy Apostles in Constantinople.
Also in this year Justinian I relieved Belisarius from military command in favour of the elderly Byzantine general Narses.
549: This year, after Belisarius had returned to Constantinople, the Ostrogoths under Totila besieged Rome for a third time. The Ostrogoths then conquered the city of Perugia in central Italy and stationed a Gothic garrison there.
549 was the year that the last ever chariot races were held in the Circus Maximus in Rome.
*Alex
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1 Gordian IIIGORDIAN III
AR Antonianus, Rome Mint
240 AD
O: IMP GORDIANVS PIVS FEL AVG, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
R: VIRTVS AVG, Virtus standing front, head left, in military dress, holding branch and spear, shield resting against right foot
RIC IV-3 71; Cohen 388; Sear (5) 8669Sosius
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1 Gordian IIIGORDIAN III
AR Antonianus, Rome Mint
240 AD
O: IMP GORDIANVS PIVS FEL AVG, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
R: VIRTVS AVG, Virtus standing front, head left, in military dress, holding branch and inverted spear, shield resting against right foot
RIC IV-3 71 (var. due to inverted spear?); Cohen 388; Sear (5) 8669Sosius
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1 Gordian IIIGORDIAN III
AR Antonianus, Rome Mint
240 AD
O: IMP CAES M ANT GORDIANVS AVG
R: PM TR P II COS PP, Emperor, standing front, head left by altar, togate and veiled, holding patera over altar and wand
RIC IV-3 37: Cohen 210; Sear 5 8637Sosius
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1 Gordian IIIAR Antoninianus
Rome Mint
240 AD
O: IMP GORDIANVS PIVS FEL AVG
R: PM TR P II COS PP, Emperor standing front, head left by altar, togate and veiled, holding patera over altar and transverse sceptre
RIC IV-3 68; Cohen 216; Sear 8637Sosius
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14 Trajan TRAJAN
AE As
IMP CAES NERVA TRAIAN AVG GERM P M, laureate bust right / TR POT COS II S-C, Pietas standing left by lighted altar, right hand raised.
Cohen 613, RIC 392
sear5 #3240
RI0112Sosius
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202cfCarausius 287-93AD
Antoninianus
Obv "CARAVSIVS ET FRATRES SVI"
Jugate busts of Diocletian, Maximianus and Carausius left, Carausius holding spear over shoulder
Rev "COMES AVGGG"
Victory walking left holding wreath and branch
Camulodunum mint
S/P//C
RIC - (cf 202-3)
An interesting variant of the bust type with the spear, compare with the jugate Carausius in the “Best of Type” gallery.
mauseus
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23.5 Septimius Severus - overstrike of Pescennius Niger DenariusSilver denarius, RIC IV 377 or similar, F, overstruck, 2.118g, 19.3mm, 180o, Emesa mint, 194 - 195 A.D.; obverse IMP CAE L SEP SEV PERT AVG COS II (or similar), laureate head right; reverse FORTVN REDVC (or similar), Fortuna standing left, cornucopia in left, rudder (?) in right
Purchased from FORVM
RI0129Sosius
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29 ElagabalusELAGABALUS
AR Denarius. 221-222 AD
IMP ANTONINVS PIVS AVG, laureate, horned, draped bust right right / SACERD DEI SOLIS ELAGAB, Elagabalus sacrificing right over lighted altar, star in left or right field.
RSC 246, RIC 131, Sear 7542 Sosius
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293 - 305, CONSTANTIUS I (Chlorus) as Caesar, AE Follis, struck 298 - 300 at Londinium (London), EnglandObverse: FL VAL CONSTANTIVS NOB C. Laureate and cuirassed bust of Constantius I facing right.
Reverse: GENIO POPVLI ROMANI. Genius, kalathos on head, standing facing left, holding patera in right hand and cornucopia in left; no mintmark (London).
Diameter: 28mm | Weight: 10.97gms | Die Axis: 6h
RIC VI: 14a | SRCV IV: 14034 | SPINK: 706
Rare
Ex Asprey Coins, London
Group II. Early example with the style of Constantius' portrait appearing to show the influence of Carausius/Allectus die engravers.*Alex
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293 - 305, GALERIUS as Caesar, AE Follis struck 296 - 305 at Londinium (London), EnglandObverse: MAXIMIANVS NOBIL C. Laureate and cuirassed bust of Galerius facing right.
Reverse: GENIO POPVLI ROMANI. Genius, kalathos on head, standing facing left, holding patera in right hand and cornucopia in left; no mint-mark in exergue.
Diameter: 28mm | Weight: 9.4gms | Die Axis: 6h
RIC VI: 34 | SPINK: 710*Alex
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3.5 Herennius EtruscusROMAN IMPERIAL
Herennius Etruscus
As Caesar, AD 249-251.
AR Antoninianus (22mm, 4.87 g, 12h). Rome mint. 3rd-4th emission, AD 250.
O: Radiate and draped bust right, seen from behind
R: Sprinkler, simpulum, jug, patera and lituus.
RIC IV 143 (Decius); RSC 14. VF, flan flaw on obverse, light reverse porosity, struck from a worn reverse die.
Ex-CNG
Sosius
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305 - 306, SEVERUS II as Caesar, AE Follis struck 305 - 306 at Londinium (London), EnglandObverse: SEVERVS NOBILISSIMVS CAES. Laureate and cuirassed bust of Severus II facing right.
Reverse: GENIO POPVLI ROMANI. Genius, kalathos on head, standing facing left, holding patera in right hand and cornucopia in left; no mint-mark in exergue.
Diameter: 29mm | Weight: 10.399gms | Die Axis: 6h
RIC VI: 59a | Cohen VII: 24 | SPINK: 712
Rare
Ex. Errett Bishop Collection | Ex. FORVM (USA)
SEVERUS II
Flavius Valerius Severus Augustus was a Western Roman Emperor from 306 to 307. He was born in Northern Illyria (now Albania) and rose to become a senior officer in the Roman army. As an old friend of Galerius, that emperor appointed Severus as Caesar on 1 May 305 and he thus served as junior emperor under Constantius I in the Western Roman Empire.
When Constantius I died in the summer of 306, Severus was promoted to Augustus by Galerius under the rules of succession established under the Tetrarchy. However Constantius I had died on campaign in York and his army in Britain had acclaimed his son, Constantine I, as his successor. Although furious at this elevation, Galerius wanted to avoid any threat of a civil war so he compromised by allowing Constantine to bear the title of Caesar.
When this news reached Maxentius, the son of Maximianus, he revolted and declared himself emperor at Rome,
Galerius sent Severus, at the head of an army which had previously been commanded by Maximianus, to suppress the rebellion. Maxentius asked his father to re-assume the purple and rule the empire with him and Maximianus, who had been reluctant to abdicate, readily accepted. When Severus arrived under the walls of Rome to besiege it his men deserted to their old commander forcing Severus to flee to Ravenna. Maximianus offered to spare his life and treat him humanely if he surrendered peaceably. Severus complied but, despite Maximianus' assurance, he was displayed as a captive, imprisoned and later put to death.
*Alex
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317 - 326, CRISPUS as Caesar, AE3 struck 323 - 324 at Londinium (London), EnglandObverse: CRISPVS NOBIL C. Helmeted and cuirassed bust of Crispus facing left.
Reverse: BEAT TRANQLITAS (sic). Altar, inscribed VOT IS XX in three lines, surmounted by cosmic globe with three stars above; in exergue, PLON.
Diameter: 20mm | Weight: 2.8gms | Die Axis: 6h
RIC VII : 275.
Flavius Julius Crispus was the eldest son of Constantine the Great, he was given the rank of Caesar in A.D.316, at the same time as Flavius Claudius Constantinus (Constantine II), Constantine's eldest son with Fausta, and Valerius Licinianus Licinius (Licinius II), the son of Licinius I.
This coin was struck in connection with the fifteenth anniversary of Constantine the Great.*Alex
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317 - 337, CONSTANTINE II as CAESAR, AE3 struck 317 at Londinium (London), EnglandObverse: CONSTANTINVS IVN N C. Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Constantine II facing right, viewed from the rear.
Reverse: SOLI INVICTO COMITI. Sol, radiate, chlamys across left shoulder, standing facing left, his right hand raised and holding globe in his left. In left field, S; in right field, P; in exergue, PLN.
Diameter: 19mm | Weight: 3.4gms | Die Axis: 6h
RIC VII : 118
VERY RARE*Alex
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317 - 337, CONSTANTINE II as Caesar, AE3 struck 321 at Londinium (London), EnglandObverse: CONSTANTINVS IVN N C. Radiate and cuirassed bust of Constantine II facing left.
Reverse: BEATA TRANQVILLITAS. Altar, inscribed VOT IS XX in three lines, surmounted by cosmic globe with three stars above; across field, P - A; in exergue, PLON.
Diameter: 20mm | Weight: 2.9gms | Die Axis: 6h
RIC VII : 219
Rare
Ex Killingholme Hoard (1993)
Claudius Constantinus was the eldest son of Constantine and Fausta, he was given the rank of Caesar in A.D.316, at the same time as Crispus and Licinius II.
This coin was struck in connection with the fifteenth anniversary of Constantine II's father, Constantine the great.
THE KILLINGHOLME HOARD
The Killingholme Hoard was discovered in a field between Killingholme and Habrough on the south bank of the Humber Estuary by a pair of metal detectorists in the Autumn of 1993.
The initial coins of the hoard were surface finds, many of which were found before the hoard itself was discovered. In total, there were 1504 coins found in the topsoil, and another 2753 found buried in a single clay pot.
The top of the pot had been cut off by ploughing, which had caused a large number of coins to be scattered around the field. Nevertheless, the remains of the pot were found when the coins packed in it were detected. The pot had a diameter of about 20cm and within it were thousands of coins.
One of the finders reported that the coins appeared to have been carefully arranged inside the pot, and seemed to produce a spiralling pattern. Unfortunately, the coins were emptied into a bath for cleaning so any chance of researching this arrangement was lost forever.
The coins that constituted the hoard were bronze reduced folles, most of which were struck between the 320s and the early 330s, during the time of the emperor Constantine. Though the coins came from several mints in the Western part of the Roman Empire, most of them were from the London mint. It is thought that the hoard was probably deposited around 333/334 AD.
Because, in 1993, base metal coins were not counted as treasure, the coins were returned to the finders who sent the bulk of the coins to be auctioned off by Spink of London. Fortunately, prior to being sold, the coins were recorded by the British Museum which acquired for itself 86 coins from the hoard.
After the recordings were completed, though the finders kept a few coins for themselves, the remainder of the coins were sold off in batches. It has been rumoured that many of these coins went to the Italian luxury goods producer Bulgari, who used them to make jewellery.
Such a process would not be permitted in England today as, following the enactment of the Treasure Act in 1996, the Killingholme Hoard would now fulfil the criteria for "treasure" as outlined by the Act.
CONTEMPORARY PHOTO OF THE KILLINGHOLM HOARD, CLICK ON THUMBNAIL TO ENLARGE IT
 *Alex
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317 - 337, CONSTANTINE II as Caesar, AE3 struck 322 - 323 at Londinium (London), EnglandObverse: CONSTANTINVS IVN N C. Radiate and cuirassed bust of Constantine II facing left.
Reverse: BEAT TRANQLITAS (sic). Altar, inscribed VOT IS XX in three lines, surmounted by cosmic globe with three stars above; across field, F – B; in exergue, PLON.
Diameter: 19mm | Weight: 2.05gms | Die Axis: 6h
RIC VII : 257.
Flavius Claudius Constantinus was the eldest son of Constantine and Fausta, he was given the rank of Caesar in A.D.316, at the same time as Crispus and Licinius II.
This coin was struck in connection with the fifteenth anniversary of his father, Constantine the great.
*Alex
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317 - 337, CONSTANTINE II as Caesar, AE3 struck 323 - 324 at Londinium (London), EnglandObverse: CONSTANTINVS IVN N C. Helmeted and cuirassed bust of Constantine II facing left.
Reverse: BEAT TRANQLITAS (sic). Altar, inscribed VOT IS XX in three lines, surmounted by cosmic globe with three stars above; in exergue, PLON.
Diameter: 21mm | Weight: 2.9gms | Die Axis: 6h
RIC VII : 287.
Flavius Claudius Constantinus was the eldest son of Constantine and Fausta, he was given the rank of Caesar in A.D.316, at the same time as Crispus and Licinius II.
This coin was struck in connection with the fifteenth anniversary of his father, Constantine the great.
*Alex
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317 - 337, CONSTANTINE II as CAESAR, AE3 struck 324 - 325 at Londinium (London), EnglandObverse: CONSTANTINVS IVN NOB C. Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust of Constantine II, viewed from the rear, facing right.
Reverse: PROVIDENTIAE CAESS. Camp-gate with two turrets, star above; in exergue, PLON.
Diameter: 20mm | Weight: 3.43gms | Die Axis: 6h
RIC VII : 296 | SPINK: 738a*Alex
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324 - 337, CONSTANTIUS II as CAESAR, AE3 struck 324 - 325 at Londinium (London), EnglandObverse: FL IVL CONSTANTIVS NOB C. Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Constantius II facing left.
Reverse: PROVIDENTIAE CAESS. Camp-gate with two turrets, star above; in exergue, PLON.
Diameter: 19mm | Weight: 2.85gms | Die Axis: 6h
RIC VII : 298 | SPINK: 739
Rare
*Alex
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4 TacitusTACITUS
Silvered Antoninianus, Rome
275-276 A.D.
IMP CM CL TACITVS AVG, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust r. / SALVS AVG, Salus standing left by altar, holding sceptre, and feeding serpent rising from altarXXI delta in ex.
Estiot 0128, La Venera hoard 1855; RIC 93 var (standing). VF
Sosius
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5Obverse
PHILIPPVS monogram
Crowned date (unclear, 1641?)
Cartouche date (unclear)
Reverse
REX monogram
Cartouche 8
VIII over MDmauseus
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6 ElagabalusELAGABALUS
AR Denarius. 221-222 AD
IMP ANTONINVS PIVS AVG, laureate, horned and draped bust right / SVMMVS SACERDOS AVG, Elagabalus standing left, sacrificing from patera over lit tripod altar, holding branch, star in field left.
RSC 276, RIC 146, Sear 7549 Sosius
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6 Valerian IValerian
AE of Thessalonica.
O: radiate, draped bust right.
R: KOINON QECCALWN, Athena, with aegis and spear,
advancing r. Delta in l. field.
No reference, but very similar to my Gallienus that was added to wildwinds.com
Sosius
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7 GallienusGallienus
AE23 of Thessalonica.
O: AYT K PO LIE GALLNOVC, radiate, draped bust right.
R: KOINON QECCALWN, Athena, with aegis and spear,
advancing r. Delta in l. field.
SNG Cop. 355
(This coin on wildwinds.com)
Sosius
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7 GallienusGALLIENUS
AE Antoninianus, Rome Mint
261-262 AD
O: GALLIENVS AVG, Radiate bust r.
R: VIRTVS AVGVSTI, Mars standing l., holding olive branch and vertical spear, r. foot on helmet, X in l. field
Cunetio hoard 1278, Normanby hoard 264, Minster hoard 58,
Appleshaw hoard 68,
Göbl 0636a;
Lavilledieu hoard 53 & 54.
Cohen 1322
not in RIC
EF, worn reverse die
Sosius
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716 - 757, ANGLO-SAXON, AR Sceat, struck under Aethelbald, King of Mercia.Obverse: No legend. Two crude diademed heads in profile, face to face, long cross on pedestal between them; all within pelleted circle.
Reverse: A whorl of four stylised birds, facing clockwise, round a central cross pommée; all within pelleted circle.
Slightly chipped edge
Secondary Phase, Series J, Type 37
Diameter: 13mm | Weight: 0.8gms | Die Axis: Uncertain
SPINK: 802A | Metcalf: 296 - 300 | Abramson (Sceatta List): 19 - 30
RARE
These coins do not bear inscriptions and it is only recently (2022) that research has permitted their correct dating and attribution to a specific area.
Although originally thought to be Northumbrian and attributed to York, the coinage of series J is now confidently attributed to Mercia. This coin was struck during the period when Æthelbald (716 - 757) was king of Mercia and overlord of Southern England. Æthelbald came to the throne of Mercia in 716 after the death of his cousin, King Ceolred, who had previously driven him into exile. During Æthelbald's long reign, Mercia became the dominant kingdom of the Anglo-Saxons, and the contemporary chronicler, the Venerable Bede, described Æthelbald as ruling all England south of the river Humber.
Æthelbald was killed in 757 by his bodyguards. He was succeeded briefly by Beornred, of whom little is known, but within a year, Offa, the grandson of Æthelbald's cousin Eanwulf, had seized the throne and, under him, Mercia entered its most prosperous and influential period.*Alex
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73 Constantius II Constantius II. As Caesar, A.D. 324-337. AE 3 (17.98 mm, 2.16 g, 5 h). Arles, A.D. 324-325. Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust left / CONSTAN/TIVS/ CAESAR, in three lines; star above; SMANTA/• below. RIC 60; LRBC 1327. VF, red highlights. Ex Agora Auctions 74Sosius
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98Trajan 98-117 AD
AR quinarius
Obv "IMP CAES NER TRAIANO OPTIMO AVG GER DAC"
Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev "PM TRP COS VI PP SPQR"
Victory walking right holding wreath and palm branch
Rome mint
RIC 351var, King 42 (4 ex), Strack 231mauseus
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Antonius pius caesarea maritima mint Obv.: laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Rev.:COL PRIMA FL AVG CAESAR, Apollo, nude standing to front looking left holding in right bow (?) leaning with left on tripod-lebes which is encircled by serpent. Rare. Very fine.Maritima
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Arcadius, AE2, RIC IX 53b Constantinople 383-395 CE & 395-408 CEObverse: D N ARCADIVS P F AVG, pearl diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right, holding spear, crowned by hand of god above.
Reverse: GLORIA ROMANORVM, Emperor standing facing, head left, holding standard in left hand and resting right hand on shield, captive at feet to the left.
CONR* in ex. Constantinople mint 23.9 mm., 6.1 g.NORMAN K
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Aurelian, RIC 368 CyzicusAurelian 270 - 275 AD. Antoninianus.
Obverse: IMP. C. AVRELIANVS AVG., radiate and cuirassed bustright.
Obverse: RESTITVTOR ORBIS, Victory, standing rt., holding a palm,presenting a wreath to Aurelian who stands lt., holding a spear,
II C in ex. Cyzicus Mint, 23.3 mm.,4.1 g
NORMAN K
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Aurelian, RIC V 386, Antioch
September 270 - November 275 CE
Bronze antoninianus, 3.3g, 20.9mm, 270-275 CE.
Obverse: IMP C AVRELIANVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right.
Reverse: RESTITVT ORBIS, Woman standing right presenting wreath to Emperor standing left, holding globe and spear, E in exNORMAN K
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Chalukyas of Gujarat AR drachm (gadhaiya paisa) Obv. Degenerate style Sassanian bust right
Rev. stylized stepped and pelleted fire altar, above: left Sun (consisting of rosette of pellets),right crescent moon Skyler
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CHALUKYAS of GUJARAT, Anonymous Silver drachm (gadhaiya paisa) Obv. Degenerate Indo-Sasanian style bust right, crescent moon and star above
Rev. Stylized stepped and pelleted fire altar, sun (consisting of rosette of pellets) above left, crescent moon above rightSkyler
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Claudius II Gothicus, 268-270 CE.Bronze Antoninianus, Minister 478
Obverse: DIVO CLAUVDIO, radiate head right.
Reverse: CONSECRATIO, garlanded altar with flames above, no decoration on front. 16.7 mm., 1.8 g.
Note: Although a variation of this coin is in the RIC and Cohen, these sources generally refer to the type with a front divided into four sections (RIC 261). This type of garlanded altar, lit altar was not described and published until the discovery of the Minister Hoard, discovered after RIC was written.NORMAN K
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Commodus, Caesar, RIC 546cf, Augustus 179-192 CE.Commodus bronze AE Sestertius
Obverse: M COMMODVS ANT P FELIX AVG BRIT, laureate head right.
Reverse: MINER VIC TR P VIII COS V DES VIS C, Minerva standing left, trophy behind.
26.6 mm, 15.7 g.
Sold 5-2018NORMAN K
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CONCORDIA MILITVM, Thessalonica; RIC VIII 167Constantius Gallus, Caesar, AE Centenionalis. Thessalonica Mint, 23mm; FL IVL CONSTANTIVS NOB CAES, bare-headed & cuirassed bust right / CONCORDIA MILITVM, Gallus standing facing, head left, holding two labara, each bearing a Chi-Rho; G-//*TSE*. LRBC 1667. Thessalonica. RIC VIII 167.Podiceps
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County of Tripoli, Bohemond V, 1233 - 1251 Billon denier County of Tripoli, Bohemond V, 1233 - 1251 Billon denier
R : + CIVITAS TRIPOL, eight pointed star, annulets between the rays
O : + BAMVND' COMS, cross pattée, three pellets in upper right quarter
CCS 19Vladislav D
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Divus Augustus AE As, RIC 81 [tib],Divus Augustus Æ As. Struck under Tiberius, circa 31-37 CE.
Obvwesw: DIVVS AVGVSTVS PATER, radiate head left.
Reverse: / S-C either side of large altar, PROVIDENT in ex.
27.1 mm., 6.0 g. RIC 81 [tib], Cohen 228 [aug], BMC 146NORMAN K
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Drusus. Caesar, AD 19-23. Æ As (28mm, 10.63 g, 12h). Rome mint. Struck under Tiberius, AD 22-23. Bare head left / Legend around large S · C. RIC I 45Joe Geranio Collection (anyone may use as long as credit is given) Drusus. Caesar, AD 19-23. Æ As (28mm, 10.63 g, 12h). Rome mint. Struck under Tiberius, AD 22-23. Bare head left / Legend around large S · C. RIC I 45 (Tiberius).Joe Geranio
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Elagabalus Phoenicia, Tyre. Elagabalus. A.D. 218-222. AE 23 (23.21 mm, 9.45 g, 7 h). . [IMP C M AVR ANTONINVS AVG] or similar, laureate draped and cuirassed bust right / [SEPTIM] TYRO [COL]O or similar, Temple of the Phoenician Koinon seen in perspective from the right; murex shell below. . Rouvier 2384; AUB 258; SNG Copenhagen 368. Fine, porous, rough surfaces.ecoli
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Gordian III & Tranquillina, Anchialus, Thrace.GORDIAN III & TRANQUILLINA: A.D. 238-244. AE 26
SNGC.447
Thrace: Anchialus
Obv: Busts of Gordian III and Tranquillina face to face / Rev: Athena standing l, holding spear, shield at her side.
ecoli
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Huszár 547, Pohl 89-7, Unger 432h, Réthy II 89ALouis I (Lajos I, in Hun.) (1342-1382). AR denar, .49 g., 13.94 mm. max., .28 gr., 90°
Obv: + [MO]nETA LODOVICI, Saracen head left, pellets flanking.
Rev: + REGIS hVnGARIE, Patriarchal cross with random pellets.
The type was struck 1373-1382 (per Huszár, Pohl & Unger, although Huszár later wrote that the Saracen-head coinage incepted in 1372). This privy mark was struck at Pécs by one of the Saracenus brothers, probably by Johannes, who took over the mint after the death of Jacobus (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 3.
The Saracen's head is a pun on the surname of Jacobus Saracenus (Szerechen, in Hun.) and his brother, Johannes, courtiers of Italian descent who were ennobled by Louis. The image of a Saracen's head appeared on their coat of arms. Jacobus became the kammergraf at the Pécs mint in 1352, and the Comes Camerarum Regalium in 1369. He died in the early 1370s, at which time Johannes succeeded him as kammergraf.Stkp
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Manuel I Komnenus clipped billion aspron trachy SB1964Obverse: The Virgin enthroned facing, nimbate and wearing pallium and maphrium, she holds nimbate head of the infant Christ facing; to l. MP to r. Theta V.
Reverse: MANUHA AECIIOTHC or similar, Manuel stg. facing wearing crown, divitision and chlamys and holding labarum (one dots= on shaft) and globus surmounted by patriarchal cross.
Mint: Constantinople Third metropolitan coinage Variation B
Date: 1143-1180 CE
Sear 1964 DO 15.5-10
18mm 1.65 gmwileyc
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Manuel I Komnenus clipped billion aspron trachy SB1966Obverse: IC-XC (bar above) in field, Christ bearded and nimbate, wearing tunic and colobion, seated upon throne without back; holds gospels in left hand.
Reverse: MAN(monogram)HA AECIIOT or var, MP OV bar above in upper right field, Full-length figure of emperor, bearded on left, crowned by Virgin nimbate. Emperor wears stemma, divitision, collar-peice, and jewelled loros of simplified type; holds in right hand labarum-headed scepter, and in left globus cruciger. Virgin wears tunic and maphorion.
four main varieties:
Mint: Constantinople
Date: 1167-1183?
Sear 1966 Var d, Fourth coinage; H 16.14,15; 17.1-4
rev: Jewel within circle on loros waist
16mm .89gm
As discussed in the Byzantine forumThese are the "neatly clipped" trachies.
During the reign of Manuel I the silver content of the trachy was dropped from c.6% to c.3%, but later types were sometimes issued with the higher silver content.
In Alexius III's time these high silver types were clipped down to half size, probably officially, presumably so as to match the lower silver content of the later issues.
Of course this would only have worked as long as the populace accepted the idea that the clipped coins were all high silver versions to start with. Once smarties started clipping ordinary coins these types would soon have have fallen out of favour and been withdrawn.
Ross G.
During the reign of Alexius III were reused coins of previous releases, clipping its border in a very regular mode and thus reducing to half their weight. Regularity of shearing and the fact that they were found to stock uniforms, suggesting that this clipping is a formal issuance of mint. Based on the stocks found in Constantinople , some of which consist only of clipped coins, it may safely be dated between 1195 and 1203.
Hendy and Grierson believe that this shearing was a consequence of the devaluation of trachy mixture during the reign of Isaac II and Alexius III. They reduced by half the already low silver content of this coin: shearing coins of previous emperors, still widely in circulation, made their trachy consistent with the intrinsic value of current emissions. Of course, this does not justify the clipping of coins already degraded of Isaac II and Alexius III. Therefore, reason for their declassification is not understood. I think that reason of Ross is right!
The structure of their dispersion in hoards indicates that, however, were made after the other emissions. Clipped trachys appear in small amounts along with regular trachy in hoards, represents a rarity. Were clipped trachys of Manuel I, Andronicus I, Isaac II and Alexius III, and perhaps of John II; those of Manuel are less scarce. In principle, we must believe that all trachys after Manuel I have been clipped, although many have not yet appeared.
Antvwala
wileyc
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Maximinus II, as Caesar, 305-309. AE Follis. 27mm // 7,36g. Heraclea, 305-306.Obv.GAL VAL MAXIMINVS NOB CAES Laureate head of Maximinus II to right.
Rev. GENIO CAESARIS/ HTD Genius, nude but for chlamys over his left shoulder, standing front, head to left, holding patera, from which liquor flows, in his right hand and a cornucopiae with his leftCanaan
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Mesembria Thrace, (2nd Century B.C.)Æ17
O: Diademed female head right.
R: ΜΕΣΑΜΒΡΙΑΝΩΝ, Athena Promachos advancing left holding shield and brandishing javelin, crested helmet inner left.
Mesambria (Nesebar, Bulgaria) mint
5.1g
17mm
SNG BM 284 ff., SGCV I 1677, SNG Cop 660, SNG Stancomb 236,
Mesembria (Mesambria) was a Doric settlement on an island at the Black Sea coast. Today a man-made isthmus connects it to the mainland. The modern name is Nesebar, an important seaside resort. Several ancient churches and ruins are preserved on the peninsula.Mat
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Plautilla, overviewThere are five main types of portrait for Plautilla’s denarii at the Rome mint :
A - With a draped bust right, hair coiled in horizontal ridges and fastened in bun in high position. Her facial expression is juvenile
B - Hair being coiled in vertical ridges, with bun in low position. Plautilla looks here more like a young beautiful woman
C - The third bust shows a thinner face of Plautilla with hair in vertical ridges and no bun but braids covering her neck
D - The fourth type has a similar appearance with the former, but the vertical ridges disappear, hair being plastered down, still showing the right ear
E - Plautilla appears with mid long hair plastered down and covering her ears
In the mean time there are seven different reverses :
1 - CONCORDIAE AETERNAE
2 - PROPAGO IMPERI
3 - CONCORDIA AVGG
4 - CONCORDIA FELIX
5 - PIETAS AVGG
6 – DIANA LVCIFERA
Not every combination exists, but some of the above reverses can be shared by several obverse portraits. Noticeable also is an evolution of the obverse legend, being PLAVTILLAE AVGVSTAE (a) in 202, and becoming PLAVTILLA AVGVSTA (b) soon after
You can see the evolution of this interesting coinage in my Plautilla's gallery.
Potator II
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Quintillus (270 AD), AE AntoninianusRoman Imperial, Quintillus (270 AD), AE Antoninianus
Reference: -
Obverse: IMP CM AVR CL QVINTILLVS AVG, Radiate, draped, cuirassed bust right.
Reverse: GENLVS AVG, Genius standing left, by altar, holding patera.Gil-galad
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THRACE, PHILIPPOPOLIS. Caracalla as Caesar, 196-198 CE.Obverse: M.AV.KAI ANTWNEINOC, bare head right
Reverse: ΦIΛIΠΠO-ΠOΛEITΩN, Apollo standing facing, head turned to the left, holding laurel branch in his lowered right hand.
18 mm, 3.3 g.NORMAN K
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'Alea iacta est' - Crossing the Rubicon (49 BC)Julius Caesar AR Denarius, military mint traveling with Caesar, April-August 49 BC.
Obv: Elephant advancing r., trampling on horned serpent; CAESAR in exergue
Rev: Emblems of the pontificate: simpulum, aspergillum, securis, and apex
This coin was issued after Julius Caesar crossed the Rubicon river and march into Rome, which formally began the Civil war of the Roman Republic.YuenTsin C
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Δ and Six-pointed starCILICIA. Ninica-Claudiopolis. Maximinus I. Æ 28. A.D. 235-238. Obv: IMPCSIVLVERMAXIMINVS. Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right; 2 countermarks: (1) before face, (2) on bust. Rev: NIN-C-CLAV. Colonist ploughing behind two oxen, in background vexillum. Ref: BMC 8. Axis: 360°. Weight: 9.86 g. CM (1): Δ containing dot, all within circle; circular punch, 6 mm. Howgego 669 (49 pcs). Not likely to be a denominational countermark. CM (2): Six-pointed star, incuse, 6 mm from point to point. Howgego 451 (45 pcs). Collection Automan.Automan
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Δ, 6-pointed star and NikeCILICIA. Ninica-Claudiopolis. Maximinus I. Æ 28. A.D. 235-238. Obv: (...MA)XIMINVΓP(A)UTΛ or similar. Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right; 4 countermarks: (1) before face, (2) on shoulder; (3) before chest, (4) behind neck. Rev: (C)-OLN-(I)NI-CLAUΔ. Colonist ploughing behind two oxen, in background vexillum, star before colonist. Ref: BMC 8 (var. obv. leg.). Axis: 210°. Weight: 10.70 g. CM(1): Six-pointed star, incuse, 6 mm from point to point. Howgego 451 (45 pcs). CM(2): Δ containing dot, all within circle; circular punch, 6 mm. . Howgego 669 (49 pcs). Note: Not likely to be a denominational countermark. CM(3-4): Nike right, in oval punch, c. 5 x 8 mm (not certain!). Howgego 262 (34 pcs). Note:The sequence of application appears to have been (1) Δ in circle (669), (2) six-pointed star (451), and (3) Nike (262). Collection Automan.Automan
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Δ, six-pointed star, eagle and Nike (6 cmks!)CILICIA. Ninica-Claudiopolis. Maximinus I. Æ 27. A.D. 235-238. Obv: OIMPCSIVLVERMAXIMINVS. Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right; 6 countermarks: (1) to right, before bust, (2) on lower part of bust, (3) on neck, (4) behind and on back of head, (5) on upper part of head, (6) before head. Rev: NINIC-OL-CLA-UΔI, OPOLI in ex. Tetrastyle temple containing emperor, standing left, holding patera and spear. Ref: BMC 10; Sear GIC 3548 (same dies). Axis: 360°. Weight: 9.12 g. CM(1): Δ containing dot, all within circle; circular punch, 6 mm. Howgego 669 (49 pcs). Note: Not likely to be a denominational countermark. CM(2): Six-pointed star, incuse, 6 mm from point to point. Howgego 451 (45 pcs). CM(3): Eagle standing right with head left, in shaped punch, c. 4 x 7 mm. Howgego 338 (11 pcs). CM(4): Nike right, in oval punch, c. 5 x 8 mm. Howgego 262 (34 pcs). CM(5): Similar to CM(4). CM(6): Similar to CM(4). Note: The sequence of application appears to have been 669-451-262-338. Automan
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ΘY (monogram of)LYDIA. Thyatira. Elagabalus. Æ 26. A.D. 218-222. Obv: AVTKMAAN-TΩNEINOC. Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right; countermark on lower part of bust. Rev: (ΘVAT-E-I-)PHNΩN. Athena seated left, holding palladium in right extended arm, resting left arm on spear, wheel-like shield resing against throne. Ref: BMC 114. Axis: 180°. Weight: 7.60 g. Note: Same obverse die as Sear (GIC) 3072. CM: Monogram of Θ and Y, in circular punch, 5 mm. Howgego 617 (11 pcs). Note: Undoubtedly the countermark refers to the city of Thyatira where the host coin was issued. Collection Automan.Automan
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ΘΕΑ ΦΑΥΣΤΕΙΝΑAE 17mm 138-161AD
Obv - ΘΕΑ ΦΑΥΣΤΕΙΝΑ- Veiled and draped bust right
Rev - ΤΥΧΗ ΝΕΑΣ ΤΡΑΙΑΝΗ ΒΟΣΤΡΑ - turreted Tyche standing, facing, head, facing (or l. or r.), holding spear, resting l. hand on hip, (resting foot on swimming river-god)
Reference - Spijkerman 11(2),12 and 13, BMC 7-9
Mint - Bostra, Arabiaaragon6
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ROME
PB Tessera (18mm, 3.06 g, 12 h)
Isis standing left, holding sistrum and situla
IVE/NES
Rostovtsev -
The iuvenes were Roman educational organizations roughly analagous to modern American colleges. Mohler1 argues that, while their athletic program undoubtedly focused on parade and various other activities that relate to war, the group focused equally on education and athletics, rather than as a pseudo-military training program. Inscriptions survive in some theaters and arenas that note reserved seats for iuvenes, leading some to identify these pieces as entrance tickets. I feel they were more likely distributed at the various parades and processions for which the organizations were famous.
The iuvenes tokens are related to those of the sodales, composed of individuals not a part of the organization (younger or older men and women) who still actively supported it.
1. Mohler, S. L. (1937). The Iuvenes and Roman Education. Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Society, 68, 442–479.Ardatirion
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ROME. Titus. As Caesar, AD 69-79.
Æ As (20mm, 9.84 g, 6 h)
Rome mint. Struck AD 77-78.
Retarrifed under by the Ostrogothic kingdom in Italy as 42 nummi, 6th century AD.
Laureate head left; XLII (= mark of value, 42 nummi) carved before bust
Spes standing left, holding flower and raising hem of skirt
For host coin:cf. RIC II 1101. For revaluation: cf. Morrisson, Re-use 19; cf. MEC 1, 76 (Vespasian)
Ex Giamba Collection (Classical Numismatic Group 82, 16 September 2009), lot 1139
Ardatirion
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Aelius. Caesar, AD 136-138.
Fourrée Denarius Core (18mm, 2.68 g, 6 h)
Copying a Rome mint issue struck under Hadrian, AD 137
Laureate head right
Pietas standing left, dropping incense on flaming altar and holding box of perfumes
Cf. RIC II 432Ardatirion
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Dy.243 Charles IV (the Fair): maille blanche, 1st emissionCharles IV, king of France (1322-1328)
Maille blanche, 1st emission (03/02/1324)
Silver (798 ‰), 1.82 g, diameter 22 mm, die axis 2h
O: inner circle: +kAROLVS(diamond)REX; cross pattée; outer circle: BHDICTV⋮SIT#8942nOmЄ⋮DHI⋮nRI
R: inner circle: +FRANChORVm*; châtel tournois; outer circle: a circlet of 10 fleur-de-lis
The h of FRANChORVm is characteristic of the first emission.
Charles was the younger and third son of former king Philip the Fair. He was consequently not supposed to rule. However, as his two brothers successively died without any living son, he became king in 1322. Six years later, he also died without a male heir. So ended up the capetian senior line in 1328.
The legend began then... Jacques de Molay, last Grand Master of the Knights Templar, had cursed King Philip the Fair and his descendants from his execution pyr in 1314. Was the curse finally efficient ?
Charles'cousin, his nearest parent, became then king of France as Philip VI.
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Dy.263 Philip VI (of Valois): Gros à la fleur de lis, 2ond emission ?Philip VI, king of France (1328-1350)
Gros à la fleur de lis (3 emissions between 1341 and 1343)
White billon (479 ‰), 2.50 g, diameter 24 mm, die axis 6h
O: inner circle: +PhILIPPVS.REX; cross pattée with a fleur-de-lis in the NE quadrant; outer circle: BnDICTV⋮SIT⋮HOmЄ⋮DNIâ‹®nRI⋮DЄI
R: inner circle: +FRANCORVm; fleur-de-lis; outer circle: a circle of 10 fleur-de-lis
The 3 emissions are very similar, the weight is the only difference. This coin may belong to the 2ond emission.
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S.2233 Henry VII Tudor (sovereign type penny, Durham)Henry VII Tudor, king of England (1485-1509) and Bishop Richard Fox
Sovereign type penny (mint: Durham)
A/ [hENRIC] DI [GRA RE]X A[NG]; king seated on throne with one pilar, holding scepter and orb
R/ [CIVI-TA]S-DIR-hAm; royal shield on cross, mitre above, D and R on the sides
silver, 0.55 g, diameter 15 mm, die axis 8h
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"As de Nîmes" or "crocodile" Ӕ dupondius of Nemausus (9 - 3 BC), honoring Augustus and AgrippaIMP DIVI F , Heads of Agrippa (left) and Augustus (right) back to back, Agrippa wearing rostral crown and Augustus the oak-wreath / COL NEM, crocodile right chained to palm-shoot with short dense fronds and tip right; two short palm offshoots left and right below, above on left a wreath with two long ties streaming right.
Ó”, 24.5 x 3+ mm, 13.23g, die axis 3h; on both sides there are remains of what appears to be gold plating, perhaps it was a votive offering? Rough edges and slight scrapes on flan typical for this kind of coin, due to primitive technology (filing) of flan preparation.
IMPerator DIVI Filius. Mint of COLonia NEMausus (currently Nîmes, France). Known as "As de Nîmes", it is actually a dupontius (lit. "two-pounder") = 2 ases (sometimes cut in halves to get change). Dupondii were often made out of a golden-colored copper alloy (type of brass) "orichalcum" and this appears to be such case.
Key ID points: oak-wreath (microphotography shows that at least one leaf has a complicated shape, although distinguishing oak from laurel is very difficult) – earlier versions have Augustus bareheaded, no PP on obverse as in later versions, no NE ligature, palm with short fronds with tip right (later versions have tip left and sometimes long fronds). Not typical: no clear laurel wreath together with the rostral crown, gold (?) plating (!), both features really baffling.
But still clearly a "middle" kind of the croc dupondius, known as "type III": RIC I 158, RPC I 524, Sear 1730. It is often conservatively dated to 10 BC - 10 AD, but these days it is usually narrowed to 9/8 - 3 BC.
It is a commemorative issue, honoring the victory over Mark Antony and conquest of Egypt in 30 BC. The heads of Augustus and Agrippa were probably positioned to remind familiar obverses of Roman republican coins with two-faced Janus. Palm branch was a common symbol of victory, in this case grown into a tree, like the victories of Augustus and Agrippa grown into the empire. The two offshoots at the bottom may mean two sons of Agrippa, Gaius and Lucius, who were supposed to be Augustus' heirs and were patrons of the colony. Palm may also be a symbol of the local Nemausian deity, which was probably worshiped in a sacred grove. When these coins were minted, the colony was mostly populated by the settled veterans of Augustus' campaigns, hence the reminiscence of the most famous victory, but some of the original Celtic culture probably survived and was assimilated by Romans. The crocodile is not only the symbol of Egypt, like in the famous Octavian's coins AEGYPTO CAPTA. It is also a representation of Mark Antony, powerful and scary both in water and on land, but a bit slow and stupid. The shape of the crocodile with tail up was specifically chosen to remind of the shape of ship on very common "legionary" denarius series, which Mark Antony minted to pay his armies just before Actium. It is probably also related to the popular contemporary caricature of Cleopatra, riding on and simultaneously copulating with a crocodile, holding a palm branch in her hand as if in triumph. There the crocodile also symbolized Mark Antony.
Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa was born c. 64-62 BC somewhere in rural Italy. His family was of humble and plebeian origins, but rich, of equestrian rank. Agrippa was about the same age as Octavian, and the two were educated together and became close friends. He probably first served in Caesar's Spanish campaign of 46–45 BC. Caesar regarded him highly enough to send him with Octavius in 45 BC to train in Illyria. When Octavian returned to Rome after Caesar's assassination, Agrippa became his close lieutenant, performing many tasks. He probably started his political career in 43 BC as a tribune of the people and then a member of the Senate. Then he was one of the leading Octavian's generals, finally becoming THE leading general and admiral in the civil wars of the subsequent years.
In 38 as a governor of Transalpine Gaul Agrippa undertook an expedition to Germania, thus becoming the first Roman general since Julius Caesar to cross the Rhine. During this foray he helped the Germanic tribe of Ubii (who previously allied themselves with Caesar in 55 BC) to resettle on the west bank of the Rhine. A shrine was dedicated there, possibly to Divus Caesar whom Ubii fondly remembered, and the village became known as Ara Ubiorum, "Altar of Ubians". This quickly would become an important Roman settlement. Agrippina the Younger, Agrippa's granddaughter, wife of Emperor Claudius and mother of Emperor Nero, would be born there in 15 AD. In 50 AD she would sponsor this village to be upgraded to a colonia, and it would be renamed Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium (colony of Claudius [at] the Altar of Agrippinians – Ubii renamed themselves as Agrippinians to honor the augusta!), abbreviated as CCAA, later to become the capital of new Roman province, Germania Inferior.
In 37 BC Octavian recalled Agrippa back to Rome and arranged for him to win the consular elections, he desperately needed help in naval warfare with Sextus Pompey, the youngest son of Pompey the Great, who styled himself as the last supporter of the republican cause, but in reality became a pirate king, an irony since his father was the one who virtually exterminated piracy in all the Roman waters. He forced humiliating armistice on the triumvirs in 39 BC and when Octavian renewed the hostilities a year later, defeated him in a decisive naval battle of Messina. New fleet had to be built and trained, and Agrippa was the man for the job. Agrippa's solution was creating a huge secret naval base he called Portus Iulius by connecting together lakes Avernus, Avernus and the natural inner and outer harbors behind Cape Misenum at the northern end of the Gulf of Naples. He also created a larger type of ship and developed a new naval weapon: harpax – a ballista-launched grapnel shot with mechanisms that allowed pulling enemy ships close for easy boarding. It replaced the previous boarding device that Romans used since the First Punic War, corvus – effective, but extremely cumbersome. A later defence against it were scythe blades on long poles for cutting ropes, but since this invention was developed in secret, the enemy had no chance to prepare anything like it. It all has proved extremely effective: in a series of naval engagements Agrippa annihilated the fleet of Sextus, forced him to abandon his bases and run away. For this Agrippa was awarded an unprecedented honour that no Roman before or after him received: a rostral crown, "corona rostrata", a wreath decorated in front by a prow and beak of a ship.
That's why Virgil (Aeneid VIII, 683-684), describing Agrippa at Actium, says: "…belli insigne superbum, tempora navali fulgent rostrata corona." "…the proud military decoration, gleams on his brow the naval rostral crown". Actium, the decisive battle between forces of Octavian and Mark Antony, may appear boring compared to the war with Sextus, but it probably turned out this way due to Agrippa's victories in preliminary naval engagements and taking over all the strategy from Octavian.
In between the wars Agrippa has shown an unusual talent in city planning, not only constructing many new public buildings etc., but also greatly improving Rome's sanitation by doing a complete overhaul of all the aqueducts and sewers. Typically, it was Augustus who later would boast that "he had found the city of brick but left it of marble", forgetting that, just like in his naval successes, it was Agrippa who did most of the work. Agrippa had building programs in other Roman cities as well, a magnificent temple (currently known as Maison Carrée) survives in Nîmes itself, which was probably built by Agrippa.
Later relationship between Augustus and Agrippa seemed colder for a while, Agrippa seemed to even go into "exile", but modern historians agree that it was just a ploy: Augustus wanted others to think that Agrippa was his "rival" while in truth he was keeping a significant army far away from Rome, ready to come to the rescue in case Augustus' political machinations fail. It is confirmed by the fact that later Agrippa was recalled and given authority almost equal to Augustus himself, not to mention that he married Augustus' only biological child. The last years of Agrippa's life were spent governing the eastern provinces, were he won respect even of the Jews. He also restored Crimea to Roman Empire. His last service was starting the conquest of the upper Danube, were later the province of Pannonia would be. He suddenly died of illness in 12 BC, aged ~51.
Agrippa had several children through his three marriages. Through some of his children, Agrippa would become ancestor to many subsequent members of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. He has numerous other legacies.Yurii P
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