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37 AD Dedication of the temple of Divus Augustusorichalcum dupondius (29mm). Rome mint. Struck AD 37.
CONSENSV SENAT·ET·EQ·ORDIN·P·Q·R Gaius seated left on curule chair
DIVVS AVGVSTVS S C radiate head of Augustus facing left
RIC (Gaius) 56; Cohen (August) 87; Foss (Roman historical coins) 60:4
ex old British (Oxford) collection
Minted under Caligula on the occasion of the dedication of a temple to Divus Agustus; the identity of the seated person is uncertain but probably Gaius. The legend 'ET EQ' refers to 'EQVES' (pl. EQVITES), 'horseman'. In the early empire, they were the holders of administrative posts of a class second only to the senators.
In the picture the obverse and reverse have accidentally been switched around.Charles S
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AugustusAugustus, 16 January 27 B.C. - 19 August 14 A.D.
Obverse:
Augustus with his bare head right
CAESAR AVGVST PONT MAX TRIBVNIC POT
CAESAR: Ceasar, emperor
AVGVST: Agustus
PONT MAX: Pontifix Maximus,
TRIBVNIC: Tribunicia, tribunal
POT: POTESTAS, the people
Reverse:
M MAECILIVS TVLLVS III VIR A A A F F
M: Marcus
MAECILLIS: Maelcilius
TVLLVS: Tullus
IIIVIR: Triumviri
AAAFF: Auro, Argento, Aeri, Flando, Feriundo,
S . C, Senatus Consultum
I think the dots were used as centering devices, one see them sometimes on Soldiers/Standards coins although on this coin it is certainly a large dot.
Domination: AS, Copper
Mint: Rome
The Roman Moneyers (or you may prefer the title of Mint Magistrates) were also responsible for the minting of gold, silver and bronze coinage and they reported to the Senate. They were known as the Triumviri Monetales or Triumviri Auro, Argento, Aeri, Flando, Feriundo which is abbreviated as III VIR. A.A.A. F.F. which may be translated as 'Commision (or college) of three men under whom gold, silver and bronze coins were struck'. (Note that the order of the metals varies according to different references.) The title 'III VIR. A.A.A. F.F.' occurs rarely on Republic coins and when it is present it is usually seen in an abbreviated form such as 'III VIR'. It is interesting to note that the full title occurs frequently on the reverses of Augustan Aes
The College of the Three Moneyers was a revived republican tradition. This coin was struck under the supervision of Marcus Salvius Otho, an ancestor of the future emperor Otho. Later, the number of members was increased to four, and their names were not included on the coins.
TRP = This is short for tribunicia potestate - "with the power of the Tribune of the Plebs." The government of Rome was split into the Patricians (who were Senators) and the Plebians. Nine Tribunes of the Plebs were elected by both Plebs and Patricians every year to be in charge of the Plebian assembly. These Tribunes could not be injured because it could be punishable by death. They had veto powers, and they could prevent a law from being passed or an election. An emperor cannot technically rule on the Plebian assembly since he is a Patrician, but by taking the title he could be free from injury. On a coin, if this symbol is followed by a number, it depicts how many times he has been elected Tribune of the Plebs.
Peter Wissing
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AugustusDIVVS AVGVSTVS PATER
Rev. SC winged thunderbolt
Copper as.
Issued under Tiberius in honour of AugustusJay GT4
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AugustusDIVVS AVGVSTVS PATER
Rev. PROVIDENT SC around alter
Posthumous issue by Tiberius Aug 19th 14 A.D.
SEAR 1789 Jay GT4
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Constantine The Great- MartiConstantine the Great, early 307 - 22 May 337 A.D.
Obverse:Laureate and cuirassed bust right
CONSTANTINVS PF AVG
CONSTANTINVS: Contantine
PF: Pius Felix,
AVG: Agustus,
Reverse:
MARTI CONSERVATORI
MARTI: Mars
CONSERVATORI: Preserver
Showing: Mars with helm, in military dress, and with the cloak spead out. Mars stands left and lokks right. Mars holds a reverse spear in right hand ond a shield in on the ground at left. There is a T at left and F at left across the reverse.
Domination: Follis, Bronze, size 20 mm
Mint: PTR-- (Prima) , TR (Trier)
Peter Wissing
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Constantius I Chlorus 305-306 C.E.Constantius I chlorus Agustus 1/4 Follis
Obverse - CONSTANTIVS AVG. Bust right with laurel wreath
Reverse - GENO POP VLI ROMANI. Genius standing left, nude with chlamys over shoulders and modius on head paterain right hand cornucopia in left hand
Mintmark SIS RIC 169a
18.6 mm., 1.9 gNORMAN K
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Gaius ("Caligula"), RIC 56, Dupondius of AD 37Æ Dupondius (17.0g, 29mm, 6h), Rome mint, struck AD 37.
Obv.: CONSENSV SENAT·ET·EQ·ORDIN·P·Q·R Gaius seated left on curule chair
Rev.: DIVVS AVGVSTVS radiate head of Augustus facing left between S C.
RIC (Gaius) 56; Cohen (August) 87; Foss (Roman Historical Coins) 60:4
ex D.Ruskin ex old British (Oxford) collection
Minted under Caligula on the occasion of the dedication of a temple to Divus Agustus; the identity of the seated person is uncertain but probably Gaius. The legend 'ET EQ' refers to 'EQVES' (pl. EQVITES), 'horseman'. In the early empire, they were the holders of administrative posts of a class second only to the senators.
In the picture the obverse and reverse have accidentally been switched around.Charles S
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Galerius- GenioGalerius, 1 March 305 - 5 May 311 A.D.
Obverse:Laureate head right
IMP C GAL VAL MAXIMIANVS PF AVG
IMP: Imperator,
C: Caes,
GAL: Galerius
MAXIMIANVS: Maximianus
PF: Pius Felix
AVG: Agustus
Reverse:
GENIO AVGVSTI CMH
Genio: Genius
AVGVSTI: Agustus
CMH: ??
Showing:Genius standing left holding patera in right and cornucopia in left
Domination: Follis, Bronze, size 25 mm
Mint: SMN (Nicomedia) A (alpha)
CMH:
In his book Roman Bronze Coins From Paganism to Christianity, 294-364 AD., Failmezger proposes the following definition for CMH:
"At the same time, the weight of the bronze coins dropped and 48 coins are now struck to the pound. The mint of Nicomedia issues coins with CMH added as a suffix to the legend on the reverse. This may be interpreted taht this coin has a value of 100 (C- centum) sestertii struck at a new weight of 48 to the pound (Greek letter M for 40, Greek letter H for. This may further support the 25 DC value of the coin theory (see #'s 191, 192, 199, 200, 211, 213). The continued use of CMH at the mint of Cyzicus in the year 311 AD may mean that even thought the weight of the nummus was reduced again from 48 to 72 to the pound, the value remianed constant at 100 sestertii or 25 DC (#192)."
He does say that this is just speculation and that alternative views may be possible.
Peter Wissing
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Gordian III- Three legionary standardsGordian III, 29 July 238 - 25 February 244 A.D., Nicaea, Bithynia, N.W. Asia Minor
Obverse:
Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
M ANT ΓOPΔIANOC AVΓ
M: Marcus
ANT: Antonius
ΓOPΔIANOC: Gordianus
AV: AVG, Agustus, emperor
Reverse:
NIKAIE ΩΝ
NIKAIE: Nicaea
ΩΝ:Omega and NU, stands for ?
Three legionary standards
Domination: Bronze AE17 or Copper AE3, size 19 mm
Mint: Nicaea, 238 - 244 A.D
Peter Wissing
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Gordian III- Two legionary eagles between two standards 1aGordian III, 29 July 238 - 25 February 244 A.D., Nicaea, Bithynia, N.W. Asia Minor
Obverse:
Radiate and draped bust right
M ANT ΓOPΔIANOC AVΓ
M: Marcus
ANT: Antonius
ΓOPΔIANOC: Gordianus
AVΓ: AVG, Agustus, emperor
Reverse:
NIKAIE/ ΩOΝ
NIKAIE: Nicaea
ΩΝ: Omega and NU, stands for ?
Two legionary eagles between two standards
Domination: Bronze AE 20, size 19 mm
Mint: Nicaea, 238 - 244 A.D
Comment: Gordian III, Nicaea, Bithynia. This three standards reverse is the commonest Provincial coin there is, closely followed by that other coin from Viminacium
Peter Wissing
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Hadrian S C FIDES PVBLICA Hadrian, 11 August 117 - 10 July 138 A.D.
Obverse:
Laureate head right
HADRIANVS AVG COS III P P
HADRIANVS
AVG: Agustus, emperor
COS III: Consul for the third time. One of the two chief magistrates of the Roman state, and often the emperor was one.
PP: Pater Patria, father of the country
Reverse:
FIDES PVBLICA S-C
FIDES PVBLICA: Trust of the People
S C
S C: Senatus Consulto, by Decree of the Senate
Fides standing right holding corn ears & basket of fruit
Domination: AE Sestertius, size 24 mm
Mint: Rome mint, 134- 138 A.D, Ric 758
Peter Wissing
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Roman empire, CONSTANTINE I as Agustus. AE3 of Heraclea. Struck 326-327Obverse - CONSTANTINVS AVG, diademed head right, ladder shaped diadem with two dots between segments.
Reverse - DN CONSTANTINI MAX AVG, within wreath VOT dot XXX
SMHA in ex., Heraclea mint. 17 mm diam., 3.6 g.NORMAN K
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Roman Imperial: Maximinus I Thrax as Agustus, AE Sestertius.Rome 235-236 A.D. 21.51g - 29mm, Axis 1h.
Obv: IMP MAXIMINVS PIVS AVG - Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Rev: VICTORIA AVG / S-C - Victory advancing right bearing wreath & palm. S-C across fields.
Ref: RIC IV-II, 67; Cohen 100.
Provenance: Chris Scarlioli Collection.
Christian Scarlioli
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Roman Provincial: Septimius Severus as Agustus, AE23 - 2 Assari.Pisidia, Antioch 193-211 A.D. 6.34g - 23mm.
Obv: SEVERVS PIVS AVG - Laureate head right.
Rev: G-EN COL CA-ANT-IOCH - Genius standing left, wearing kalathos, branch in extended right hand, cornucopiae in left hand.
Ref: SNG BnF 1113; Mionnet Supp. VII, 25.
Provenance: Chris Scarlioli Collection.Christian Scarlioli
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Syria, Berytos, Augustus, BMC 55Phoenicia, Berytos, Agustus BC 27 - AD 14
AE 20, 6.19g
struck under propraetor Quinctilius Varus, 6-4 BC
obv. IMP CAE[SAR AGVSTV]
Bare head, r.
rev. P.QVIN - CT L - VS - VRVS (starting upper l.)
Two eagles between two standarts
BMC 55; RPC 4543
good S, struck on a small flan, reddish sand-patina
This coin has been struck under Varus when he was legatus Augusti pro praetore in Syria 7/6 BC - 5/4 BC. The Jewish historian Josephus mentions the swift action of Varus against a messianic revolt in Judaea after the death of Rome's client king Herod the Great in 4 BC. After occupying Jerusalem, he crucified 2000 Jewish rebels, and may have thus been one of the prime objects of popular anti-Roman sentiment in Judaea, for Josephus, who made every effort to reconcile the Jewish people to Roman rule, felt it necessary to point out how lenient this judicial massacre had been.
Jochen
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