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CLAUDIUS I As - 41/42 AD - Mint of Rome
Obv.: TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR IMP
Bare head left
Rev.: S C across field, Minerva standing right, brandishing spear and holding shield on left arm.
Cohen 84var, RIC 100
g. 13,5 mm. 29,5 Maxentius
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TIBERIUS - Provincial AE30 - 18/37 - Utica (Zeugitana)
Obv.: TI CAESAR DIVI AVG F AVGVST IMP VIII
Bare head left
Rev.: C VIBIO MARSO PR COS C CASSIVS FELIX A II VIR
Livia seated left, holding patera and sceptre. D D P P across field (Decreto Decurionvm Permissu Proconsulis)
g. 13,9 mm. 29,5
Sear GIC 302
Maxentius
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DOMITIAN - Æ As - 90/91 AD.
Obv.: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM COS XV CENS PER P P, laureate head right
Rev.: VIRTVTI AVGVSTI, S C across field, Virtus standing right, holding parazonium and sceptre, left foot on helmet.
Gs. 9 mm. 26,8Maxentius
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Cyzicus RIC 93.1 Constantine the Great. AD 331,
333-334. CONSTAN-TINOPLI, Helmeted & laureate
Constantinopolis bust left / Victory standing left on prow
of a galley, holding transverse across her body
spear & shield. Coin #165
cars100
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Carinus
Alexandrian tetradrachm
A K M A KAPINOC CEB, Laureate and cuirassed bust right
Athena seated left on throne, with Nike on right hand and spear in left hand, shield beneath, LB across (year 2) 282-283AD
Emmett 4001, rated R3tjaart
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NERVA
AE As 97 AD.
28mm, 10.4 grams
OBV: IMP NERVA CAES AVG P M TR P II COS III P P, laureate head right
REV: AEQVITAS AVGVST, Equity standing left with scales & cornucopiae.
S-C across field. Rome Mint
RIC-II-94
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DOMITIAN
AE As. 85 A.D.
28.3mm, 9.2 grams
OBV: IMP CAES DOMITIAN AVG GERM COS XI, laureate bust right, wearing aegis
REV: SALVTI AVGVSTI, alter
S-C across fields. Rome Mint
RIC-II-272
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TITUS
AE As. 80-81 A.D.
28mm, 10.8 grams
OBV: IMP T CAES VESP AVG P M TR P COS VIII, laureate head left
REV: AETERNIT AVG, Aeternitas standing right, foot on globe, holding scepter &cornucopiae.
S-C across fields. Rome Mint
RIC- II -122b
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HADRIAN
AE Dupondius 134 – 138 AD
30.3 mm, 20.2 grams
OBV: HADRIANVS AVG COS III P P, bare head right.
REV: AEQVITAS AVG, Aequitas standing left holding scales and rod.
S-C across field.
RIC- II-795
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ANTONINUS PIUS
Sestertius. 153-154 AD
33.2mm, 22 grams
OBV: ANTONINVS AVG PI VS P P TR P XVII, laureate head right.
REV: LIBERTAS COS III, Libertas standing right, holding pileus and extending right hand.
S-C across field.
RI- III-916a
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GORDIAN III
Sestertius. Rome mint. 240 AD.
34.6mm, 16.2 grams
OBV: IMP GORDIANVS PIVS FEL AVG, laureate, draped, cuirassed bust right.
REV: PAX AETERNA, Pax running left, holding branch and sceptre.
S-C across fields. RIC-IVc - 319a
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OBVERSE - IMP CONSTANTINVS AVG
high-crested helmet, cuirassed, spear across right shoulder
REVERSE - VICTORIAE LAETE PRINC PERP
TWO VICTORIES RESTING SHIELD, INSCRIBED VOT P R ON ALTAR - CONCAVE ROUND TOP ALTAR, WITH GARLAND AND TOP DOT OF GARLAND JUST UNDER ROUND TOP.
UNKNOWN IN EX. ?? UNKNOWN MINT ??
DIMENSION = 19mm
WEIGHT = 3 grams
MATERIAL = BRONZE ?
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Heraclius, with Heraclius Constantine. 610-641. Æ Follis (29mm, 8.63 g, 6h). Cyzicus mint, 1st officina. Dated RY 3 (AD 612/3). Crowned and draped figures of Heraclius and Heraclius Constantine standing facing, each holding globus cruciger; cross above / Large M; cross above, A/N/N/O III (date) across fields; A//KYZ. DOC 175a; MIB 185; SB 840Quant.Geek
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Justinian I. 527-565. Æ Decanummium (17mm, 3.46 g, 6h). Uncertain mint, possibly Perugia. Dated RY 26 (552/3). Diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right / Large I; cross above, date across field; P. DOC 357; MIBE 101a; SB 328. VF, dark green patina, minor roughness. Rare.
Quant.Geek
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PHOCAS (602-610). Follis. Cyzicus. Dated RY 1 (602/3). Obv: Phocas, holding globus cruciger, and Leontia, holding cruciform sceptre, standing facing. Rev: Large M; cross above, A/N/N/O - I across field; KYZA. Sear 664. Condition: Good very fine. Weight: 13.74 g. Diameter: 30 mm.Quant.Geek
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Justin II, with Sophia. 565-578. Æ Half Follis (20mm, 6.62 g, 6h). Thessalonica mint. Dated RY 8 (572/3). Nimbate figures of Justin and Sophia seated facing on double throne, holding globus cruciger and cruciform scepter, respectively / Large K; cross above, date across field; TЄS. DOC 73; MIBE 70a; SB 366. Quant.Geek
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Vespasian, 1 July 69 - 24 June 79 A.D.
Copper as, RIC II-1 336, BMCRE II 616, BnF III 595, Cohen I 632, Hunter I 119, SRCV I -, Choice VF, superb portrait, well centered on a tight flan, green patina with bare metal high points, scattered porosity, Rome mint, weight 11.694g, maximum diameter 26.9mm, die axis 180o, 71 A.D.; obverse IMP CAES VESPASIAN AVG COS III, laureate head right; reverse VICTORIA NAVALIS (the naval victory), Victory standing right on a galley prow, wreath in extended right hand, palm frond over left shoulder in left hand, S - C (senatus consulto) flanking low across field; from an Israeli collection, Ex Forum paul1888
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Kings of Macedon. Perseus (179-168 BC). Ermias, magistrate. Greek Mercenaries. Pseudo-Rhodian AR Drachm / Rose
Attribution: SNG Keckman 794
Date: 175-170 BC
Obverse: Head of Helios facing, hair parted in middle
Reverse: EPMIAΣ, rose, bud on tendril; Ξ-Ω across fields
Size: 14.75mm
Weight: 2.76 gramspaul1888
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Otacilia Severa (AD 244-249) Æ AS / Column
Title: Otacilia Severa (AD 244-249) Æ AS / Column
Attribution: RIC IV 202b Rome
Date: AD 248-249
Obverse: MARCIA OTACIL SEVERA AVG, diademed, draped bust right
Reverse: SAECVLARES AVGG, column, S-C across fields
Size: 25.66mm
Weight: 9.53 grams
Description: VF. Part of the Ludi Saeculares (Secular Games) coinage which commemorated the 1000th anniversary of Rome (April 21, 248).paul1888
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Roman Empire. Otacilia Severa 249 AD, wife of Philip I Arab. AE As 248 AD, Rome mint. Ludi Saeculares (Secular Games) issue, commemorating the 1000th anniversary of Rome. RIC 202b, Bronze 24 mm, weight 8,96 g. Condition Good VF, beautiful green patina with glassy
Obv: Draped bust right, wearing stephane / Rev: SAECVLARES AVGG, S C across field, cippuspaul1888
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2nd - 1st Century BC, IRON AGE BRITAIN, Tribe: Durotriges, Base AR Stater, Struck c.40 BCObverse: No legend. Abstract head of Apollo made up of pellets and lines.
Reverse: No legend. Crude disjointed horse with three tails standing facing left, large group of pellets and “coffee bean” symbol above, single pellet below.
One of a small group of coins found west of Cheriton, south east of Winchester.
Diameter: 19mm | Weight: 2.89gms | Axis: Unclear
Spink: 366
THE DUROTRIGES
The Durotriges were one of the Celtic tribes living in Britain prior to the Roman invasion. They were one of the groups that issued coinage before the Roman conquest. Their coins were abstract and simple and had no inscriptions, so no names of any issuers or rulers are known. Nevertheless, the Durotriges presented a settled society, based in the farming of lands surrounded by hill forts, the majority of which seem to have gone out of use by 100 BC, long before the arrival of the Romans in 43 or 44 AD. Constructed initially around 600 BC, the Durotriges ultimately occupied the largest hill fort in Britain, Maiden Castle, which encloses some 19 hectares (47 acres). Around 100 BC though, for some reason habitation at the hill fort went into decline and became concentrated at the eastern end of the site. Maiden Castle appears to have been abandoned after the Roman conquest of Britain although the Romans later built a small temple on the site.
The tribe lived in an area centred on Dorset, south Wiltshire, south Somerset and Devon east of the River Axe. Their territory was bordered to the west by the Dumnonii; and to the north east by the Belgae. The area controlled by the Durotriges is identified in part by coin finds, few Durotrigan coins are found in the south eastern tribal areas, so it would appear unlikely that they were acceptable there. A recent coin hoard found on the Isle of Wight, however, would seem to indicate that the Durotriges might have had some influence at least over the western half of the island.
The Durotriges' main outlet for trade across the Channel, strong in the first half of the 1st century BC before drying up in the decades prior to the arrival of the Romans, was at Hengistbury Head. The numismatic evidence indicates a progressive debasing of the coinage suggesting economic difficulties in conjunction with their declining trade.
CLICK ON IMAGE BELOW TO ENLARGE IT
 *Alex
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PHILIP I. Billon Tetradrachm struck AD 246 - 247 at AlexandriaObverse: A K M IOV ΦIΛIΠΠOC EVCE. Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Philip I facing right.
Reverse: No legend. Elpis standing facing left, holding flower and raising the hem of her dress; across field L - Δ (= regnal year 4 = A.D 246-247).
Diameter: 23mm | Weight: 11.41gms | Die Axis: 12
Geissen: 2727 var. | Dattari: 4873 (var)*Alex
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1st Century CE, IRON AGE BRITAIN, Tribe: Atrebates, AR Unit, Struck c.25 -35 under EpaticcusObverse: EPATI. Head of Hercules, wearing lionskin headdress with paws tied before neck, facing right; pellet in ring behind.
Reverse: No legend. Eagle standing facing, head left, on serpent; dot in circle at upper right.
Diameter: 12mm | Weight: 1.1gms | Axis: 10 |
Spink: 356
Coin found in Hampshire, England. Old repair
EPATICCUS
Epaticcus was a son of Tasciovanus, and probably the younger brother of Cunobelin, he was also apparently a favoured uncle of Caratacus. It is from his coinage issues that we know his name and his family relationship.
The distribution of his coinage would indicate that Epaticcus expanded the territory of his tribe at the expense of the Atrebatean king Verica, and installed himself at the latter's capital, Calleva around 25 CE.
It is likely that Epaticcus was permitted to govern the area by his brother as part of the Catuvellaunian hegemony that was expanding across south eastern Britain at the time. Epaticcus continued to take Verica’s lands to west and south until his death, probably on campaign, around 35 CE. After this his expansionist policies were continued by his nephews, Caratacus and Togodumnus, into the late 30’s CE.
ATREBATES
The Atrebates were a Belgic Iron Age tribe originally dwelling in the Artois region of Northern France.
After the tribes of Gallia Belgic were defeated by Caesar in 57 BC, 4,000 Atrebates participated in the Battle of Alesia in 53, led by their chief Commius.
Before 54 BC, an offshoot of the Gallic tribe probably settled in Britain where it was successively ruled by kings Commius, Tincommius, Eppillus and Verica. Their territory comprised modern Hampshire, West Sussex and Berkshire, centred on the capital Calleva Atrebatum (modern Silchester). They were bordered to the north by the Dobunni and Catuvellauni; to the east by the Regni; and to the south by the Belgae.
The settlement of the Atrebates in Britain does not seem to have been a mass population movement and it is possible that the name "Atrebates", as with many "tribal" names in this period, referred only to the ruling house or dynasty and not to an ethnic group.
After the Roman conquest the Atrebates' lands were organized into the civitates of the Atrebates, Regni and possibly, the Belgae.
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*Alex
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3 Tiberius, Utica, Zeugitana, Ex John Quincy Adams CollectionBronze dupondius, RPC I 739, F, holed, 13.158g, 29.8mm, 90o, Zeugitana, Utica mint, 298 - 30 A.D.; obverse TI CAESAR DIVI AVG F AVG IMP VIII, bare head left; reverse C VIBIO MARSO PRCOS III C SALLVSTIVS IVSTVS II, Livia seated right, scepter in left, patera in extended right, M - M / I - V across fields; with John Quincy Adams Collection tag from the Stack's Sale; scarce
RI0001
Ex John Quincy Adams Collection, 6th President of the United States, and His Descendants, ex Massachusetts Historical Society Collection, ex Stack’s Sale , 5-6 March 1971, lot 763.
Purchased from FORVMSosius
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4 Caligula AsGAIUS (CALIGULA)
Æ As (29mm, 11.75 g, 5h) Rome mint. Struck AD 40-41.
C CAESAR DIVI AVG PRON AVG P M TR P IIII P P, Bare head left / VESTA, S-C across field, Vesta seated left on throne, holding patera and scepter.
RIC I 54, Cohen 29. VF, green patina, some roughness.
Ex CNG
RI0015Sosius
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5 ClaudiusClaudius. A.D. 41-54.
Æ as (29 mm, 12.16 g, 6 h). Rome, ca. A.D. 50(?)-54.
TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP P P, bare head of Claudius left / LIBERTAS AVGVSTA, S C across field, Libertas standing facing, head right, holding pileus and extending left hand.
RIC 113; BMCRE 204; Cohen -.
Unusual red, green and red-brown patina. Light porosity and chipping on obverse edge. Very fine.
Ex-Triskeles Auction, June 2013
RI0024Sosius
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5 Claudius AsCLAUDIUS
AE As.
O: TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG PM TR P IMP P P, bare head left.
R: Minerva advancing right, holding shield and brandishing a javelin, S-C across fields.
RIC 116; Sear 1862. aVF, roughness
RI0019Sosius
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5 Claudius AsCLAUDIUS
AE As.
TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG PM TR P IMP P P, bare head left / Minerva advancing right, holding shield and brandishing a javelin, S-C across fields.
RIC 116; Sear 1862. aVF, roughness
RI0020Sosius
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6 NeroNero. A.D. 54-68. Æ as (29 mm, 11.60 g, 6 h). Lugdunum, ca. A.D. 66. IMP NERO CAESAR AVG P MAX TR P P P, bare head of Nero right, globe at point of neck / S C across field, Victory alighting left, holding shield inscribed [S P Q R]. RIC 543; WCN 593; BMC 381; Cohen 302. Medium brown patina with attractive earthen green deposits, light encrustations. Very fine.
Ex Triskeles Auctions
RI0039Sosius
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6 Nero AE AsNERO
AE As
NERO CAESAR AVG GERM IMP, laureate head right / PACE P R VBIQ PARTA IANVM CLVSIT S-C, the Temple of Janus, latticed window to l., garland hung across closed double doors on the right.
RIC 306, Sear5 #1974
On the rare occasions when Rome was not at war with a foreign enemy the doors of the 'Twin Janus' temple were ceremonially closed, an event which Nero commemorated extensively on the coinage of 65-67 A.D. -- David R. Sear, Roman Coins and Their Values, Vol 1
RI0042Sosius
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7 GalbaGalba. A.D.
68-69 AD
Æ as (27 mm, 10.29 g, 6 h). Rome.
O: IMP SER SVLP GALBA CAES AVG TR P, laureate head of Galba right
R: LIBERTAS PVBLICA, S C across fields, Libertas standing left, holding pileus and scepter.
RIC 328 var. (bare head); BMC 144; BN 160 (same dies). Dark brown and green patina, light roughness.
Good fine.
Ex Triskeles Auctions
RI0040Sosius
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Julian II, AE3 Constantinople RIC 167, 361-363 CE Obverse: DN FL CL IVLIANVS P F AVG, helmeted and cuirassed bust right, holding spear forward and shield.
Reverse: VOT X MVLT XX in four lines across field within wreath.
Dot CONSPB (palm) in ex. RIC VIII 167. 18.5 mm, 3.4 g.NORMAN K
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JUSTINIAN I, AE Octonummium (8 Nummi), struck 527 – 562 at ThessalonicaObverse: D N IVSTINIANVS P P AVG. Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust of Justinian I facing right.
Reverse: Large H between smaller A – (P) across field; cross between two stars (* + *) above.
Diameter: 17mm | Weight: 2.56gms | Die Axis: 6
SBCV: 192 | DOC: 100d
RARE
Regarding the letters AHP on the reverse of this coin, it is generally accepted that the "H" of the inscription equates to "8", a denomination used only at Thessalonica by Justinian. However the meaning of the letters A and P is still uncertain despite having been the subject of much scholarly debate.*Alex
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14 Trajan DupondiusTRAJAN
Æ Dupondius, Struck ~103 AD.
IMP CAES NERVAE TRAIANO AVG GER DAC P M TR P COS V P P, radiate bust right, drapery on far shoulder / S P Q R OPTIMO PRINCIPI, S C across field, Spes walking left, holding flower and raising skirt.
Sear 3222; RIC II 520; BMCRE 895; Cohen 461; Fine, reverse cleaning scratches
RI0121Sosius
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15.25 Hadrian and SabinaEGYPT, Alexandria. Hadrian. AD 117-138. BI Tetradrachm (25mm, 12.94 g, 12h). Dated RY 18 (AD 133/4). Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust of Hadrian right / Draped bust of Sabina right, wearing stephane; L–IH (date) across field. Köln 1093; Dattari (Savio) 1255; K&G 32.572. VF, find patina, slight die shift on obverse.
Ex Classical Numismatic Group 34 (6 May 1995), lot 331.
Ex CNG eAuction 318Sosius
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195 - 211, SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS, AR Denarius, Struck 210 at Rome, alluding to BritanniaObverse: SEVERVS PIVS AVG BRIT. Laureate head of Septimius Severus facing right.
Reverse: VICTORIAE BRIT. Victory standing right, holding palm branch in her right hand and placing uninscribed shield on palm tree with her left.
Diameter: 20mm | Weight: 2.83gms | Die Axis: 7h
RIC IV: 336 | RSC: 730 | SRCV: 6384 | SPINK: 651A
SCARCE
This coin commemorates the success of the Roman campaigns in Scotland during 209 and 210 culminating in the death of Severus at York, England, in February 211.
SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS
Lucius Septimius Severus was Roman emperor from 193 to 211. He was born in Leptis Magna in the Roman province of Africa.
Severus seized power after the death of the emperor Pertinax in 193 (the Year of the Five Emperors).
After consolidating his rule over the western provinces, Severus waged a brief, successful war in the east against the Parthian Empire, sacked their capital Ctesiphon, expanded the eastern frontier to the Tigris and enlarged and fortified the Limes Arabicus in Arabia Petraea. In 202, he campaigned in Africa and Mauretania against the Garamantes, captured their capital Garama and expanded the Limes Tripolitanus along the southern desert frontier of the empire. In 198 he raised his elder son Caracalla to Augustus and in 209 did the same to his younger son, Geta.
In AD 209 Severus invaded Caledonia (modern Scotland) with an army of 50,000 men, but he fell fatally ill of an infectious disease in late 210 and died at Eboracum (York, England) early in 211.
SEVERUS' CAMPAIGNS IN BRITAIN
In 208 Septimius Severus travelled to Britain with the intention of conquering Caledonia (Scotland). Modern archaeological discoveries have helped to throw some light on the scope and direction of this northern campaign.
Severus began by occupying the territory up to the Antonine Wall, this is evidenced by extensive Severan era fortifications and the likely reoccupation of some of the forts on that wall. Over the previous years Hadrian's Wall had fallen into disrepair and Severus strengthened and repaired much of it, he did this to such an extent that many early Antiquarians thought that he was the emperor who had actually built it. Severus constructed a 165-acre (67 ha) camp south of the Antonine Wall at Trimontium, probably assembling the main body of his forces there. Severus then thrust north across the Antonine Wall into Caledonian territory, supported and supplied by a strong naval force. He retraced the steps of Agricola of over a century before, rebuilding many abandoned Roman forts along the east coast, and he re-garrisoned the naval base at Carpow, likely built by Commodus in 185, and possibly the place named as "Horrea Classis" or "Poreo Classis" in the Ravenna Cosmography.
By 210 Severus' campaigning had made significant gains, despite Caledonian guerrilla tactics and purportedly heavy Roman casualties.
According to Cassius Dio: “Severus did not desist until he approached the extremity of the island. Here he observed most accurately the variation of the sun's motion and the length of the days and the nights in summer and winter respectively. Having thus been conveyed through practically the whole of the hostile country (for he actually was conveyed in a covered litter most of the way, on account of his infirmity), he returned to the friendly portion, after he had forced the Britons to come to terms, on the condition that they should abandon a large part of their territory.”
The Caledonians had sued for peace, which Severus had granted on the condition that they relinquished control of the Central Lowlands of Scotland, but later that year (210), they, along with the Maeatae, revolted. Severus prepared for another campaign, now intent on exterminating the Caledonians. However the campaign was cut short when Severus fell ill and withdrew south to Eboracum (York) where he died on 4 February 211. Severus was succeeded by his sons, Caracalla and Geta. Caracalla continued campaigning in Caledonia during 212 but soon settled for peace, and shortly after that the frontier was withdrawn south to Hadrian's Wall.
On his death, Severus was deified by the Senate and his remains were buried in the Mausoleum of Hadrian in Rome.
CLICK ON IMAGES BELOW TO ENLARGE THEM
 
*Alex
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195 - 211, SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS, AR Denarius, Struck 210 at Rome, alluding to BritanniaObverse: SEVERVS PIVS AVG BRIT. Laureate head of Septimius Severus facing right.
Reverse: VICTORIAE BRIT. Victory seated on shield facing left, holding another shield resting on her knee in her right hand and palm branch in her left.
Diameter: 19mm | Weight: 2.35gms | Die Axis: 12h
RIC IV: 335 | RSC: 731 | SRCV: 6385 | SPINK: 651C
SCARCE
This coin commemorates the success of the Roman campaigns in Scotland during 209 and 210 culminating in the death of Severus at York, England, in February 211.
SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS
Lucius Septimius Severus was Roman emperor from 193 to 211. He was born in Leptis Magna in the Roman province of Africa.
Severus seized power after the death of the emperor Pertinax in 193 (the Year of the Five Emperors).
After consolidating his rule over the western provinces, Severus waged a brief, successful war in the east against the Parthian Empire, sacked their capital Ctesiphon, expanded the eastern frontier to the Tigris and enlarged and fortified the Limes Arabicus in Arabia Petraea. In 202, he campaigned in Africa and Mauretania against the Garamantes, captured their capital Garama and expanded the Limes Tripolitanus along the southern desert frontier of the empire. In 198 he raised his elder son Caracalla to Augustus and in 209 did the same to his younger son, Geta.
In AD 209 Severus invaded Caledonia (modern Scotland) with an army of 50,000 men, but he fell fatally ill of an infectious disease in late 210 and died at Eboracum (York, England) early in 211.
SEVERUS' CAMPAIGNS IN BRITAIN
In 208 Septimius Severus travelled to Britain with the intention of conquering Caledonia (Scotland). Modern archaeological discoveries have helped to throw some light on the scope and direction of this northern campaign.
Severus began by occupying the territory up to the Antonine Wall, this is evidenced by extensive Severan era fortifications and the likely reoccupation of some of the forts on that wall. Over the previous years Hadrian's Wall had fallen into disrepair and Severus strengthened and repaired much of it, he did this to such an extent that many early Antiquarians thought that he was the emperor who had actually built it. Severus constructed a 165-acre (67 ha) camp south of the Antonine Wall at Trimontium, probably assembling the main body of his forces there. Severus then thrust north across the Antonine Wall into Caledonian territory, supported and supplied by a strong naval force. He retraced the steps of Agricola of over a century before, rebuilding many abandoned Roman forts along the east coast, and he re-garrisoned the naval base at Carpow, likely built by Commodus in 185, and possibly the place named as "Horrea Classis" or "Poreo Classis" in the Ravenna Cosmography.
By 210 Severus' campaigning had made significant gains, despite Caledonian guerrilla tactics and purportedly heavy Roman casualties.
According to Cassius Dio: “Severus did not desist until he approached the extremity of the island. Here he observed most accurately the variation of the sun's motion and the length of the days and the nights in summer and winter respectively. Having thus been conveyed through practically the whole of the hostile country (for he actually was conveyed in a covered litter most of the way, on account of his infirmity), he returned to the friendly portion, after he had forced the Britons to come to terms, on the condition that they should abandon a large part of their territory.”
The Caledonians had sued for peace, which Severus had granted on the condition that they relinquished control of the Central Lowlands of Scotland, but later that year (210), they, along with the Maeatae, revolted. Severus prepared for another campaign, now intent on exterminating the Caledonians. However the campaign was cut short when Severus fell ill and withdrew south to Eboracum (York) where he died on 4 February 211. Severus was succeeded by his sons, Caracalla and Geta. Caracalla continued campaigning in Caledonia during 212 but soon settled for peace, and shortly after that the frontier was withdrawn south to Hadrian's Wall.
On his death, Severus was deified by the Senate and his remains were buried in the Mausoleum of Hadrian in Rome.
CLICK ON IMAGES BELOW TO ENLARGE THEM
*Alex
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195 - 211, SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS, AR Denarius, Struck 210 at Rome, alluding to BritanniaObverse: SEVERVS PIVS AVG BRIT. Laureate head of Septimius Severus facing right.
Reverse: VICTORIAE BRIT. Victory advancing right, holding wreath in her outstretched right hand and palm branch in her left.
Diameter: 19mm | Weight: 3.5gms | Die Axis: 6h
RIC IV: 332 | RSC: 727 | SRCV: 6382 | SPINK: 650
SCARCE
This coin commemorates the success of the Roman campaigns in Scotland during 209 and 210 culminating in the death of Severus at York, England, in February 211.
SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS
Lucius Septimius Severus was Roman emperor from 193 to 211. He was born in Leptis Magna in the Roman province of Africa.
Severus seized power after the death of the emperor Pertinax in 193 (the Year of the Five Emperors).
After consolidating his rule over the western provinces, Severus waged a brief, successful war in the east against the Parthian Empire, sacked their capital Ctesiphon, expanded the eastern frontier to the Tigris and enlarged and fortified the Limes Arabicus in Arabia Petraea. In 202, he campaigned in Africa and Mauretania against the Garamantes, captured their capital Garama and expanded the Limes Tripolitanus along the southern desert frontier of the empire. In 198 he raised his elder son Caracalla to Augustus and in 209 did the same to his younger son, Geta.
In AD 209 Severus invaded Caledonia (modern Scotland) with an army of 50,000 men, but he fell fatally ill of an infectious disease in late 210 and died at Eboracum (York, England) early in 211.
SEVERUS' CAMPAIGNS IN BRITAIN
In 208 Septimius Severus travelled to Britain with the intention of conquering Caledonia (Scotland). Modern archaeological discoveries have helped to throw some light on the scope and direction of this northern campaign.
Severus began by occupying the territory up to the Antonine Wall, this is evidenced by extensive Severan era fortifications and the likely reoccupation of some of the forts on that wall. Over the previous years Hadrian's Wall had fallen into disrepair and Severus strengthened and repaired much of it, he did this to such an extent that many early Antiquarians thought that he was the emperor who had actually built it. Severus constructed a 165-acre (67 ha) camp south of the Antonine Wall at Trimontium, probably assembling the main body of his forces there. Severus then thrust north across the Antonine Wall into Caledonian territory, supported and supplied by a strong naval force. He retraced the steps of Agricola of over a century before, rebuilding many abandoned Roman forts along the east coast, and he re-garrisoned the naval base at Carpow, likely built by Commodus in 185, and possibly the place named as "Horrea Classis" or "Poreo Classis" in the Ravenna Cosmography.
By 210 Severus' campaigning had made significant gains, despite Caledonian guerrilla tactics and purportedly heavy Roman casualties.
According to Cassius Dio: “Severus did not desist until he approached the extremity of the island. Here he observed most accurately the variation of the sun's motion and the length of the days and the nights in summer and winter respectively. Having thus been conveyed through practically the whole of the hostile country (for he actually was conveyed in a covered litter most of the way, on account of his infirmity), he returned to the friendly portion, after he had forced the Britons to come to terms, on the condition that they should abandon a large part of their territory.”
The Caledonians had sued for peace, which Severus had granted on the condition that they relinquished control of the Central Lowlands of Scotland, but later that year (210), they, along with the Maeatae, revolted. Severus prepared for another campaign, now intent on exterminating the Caledonians. However the campaign was cut short when Severus fell ill and withdrew south to Eboracum (York) where he died on 4 February 211. Severus was succeeded by his sons, Caracalla and Geta. Caracalla continued campaigning in Caledonia during 212 but soon settled for peace, and shortly after that the frontier was withdrawn south to Hadrian's Wall.
On his death, Severus was deified by the Senate and his remains were buried in the Mausoleum of Hadrian in Rome.
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*Alex
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198 - 217, CARACALLA, AE As, Struck 211 at Rome, alluding to BritanniaObverse: ANTONINVS PIVS AVG BRIT, laureate head of Caracalla facing right, drapery on left shoulder.
Reverse: VICTORIAE BRITTANNICAE. Draped figure of Victory standing facing right, left foot on helmet, inscribing shield hung on a palm; S – C across field.
Diameter: 26mm | Weight: 10.9gms | Die Axis: 12h
RIC IV: 522b | Cohen: 636 | Cf.SRCV: 7015 | SPINK: 661
Rough surfaces
SCARCE
This coin commemorates the victories achieved by the Romans in Scotland during the campaigns led jointly by Septimius Severus and his eldest son Caracalla in 209, and by Caracalla alone the following year during his father's illness.
CLICK ON IMAGE BELOW TO ENLARGE IT
 *Alex
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27 ISLAMIC, Anatolia & al-Jazira (Post-Seljuk). Artuqids (Mardin). Najm al-Din Alpi, AH 547-572 / AD 1152-1176. Dirhem (Bronze, 30.5 mm, 13.82 g, 3 h), unlisted mint, possibly Mardin. Diademed Seleukid-style bust to right; laqab of Alpi across neck. Rev. Name and ancestors of Alpi: 'Îl-Ghazi/ Malik al-umarâ / Abû al-Muzaffar / Alpî bin (in Arabic) in four lines; to right and left, Timurtash bin / bin Artuq' (in Arabic). Album 1827. S&S Type 27. Fine portrait and strike. Black surfaces. Light roughness, otherwise, good very fine.
Ex NomoSimon
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286 - 293, CARAUSIUS, AE Antoninianus, struck 289 - 293 at Londinium (London), EnglandObverse: IMP C CARAVSIVS P F AVG. Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust of Carausius facing right.
Reverse: PAX AVG. Pax standing facing left, holding olive branch in her right hand and vertical sceptre in left; across field, S - P: in exergue, MLXXI.
Diameter: 23mm | Weight: 3.9gms | Die Axis: 6h | Some remaining patches of silvering.
Unlisted. cf.RIC V ii : 98
VERY RARE
Marcus Aurelius Mausaeus Carausius, of Menapian origin and commander of the fleet under Maximianus, rebelled and set himself up as Emperor in Britain in A.D.287. Carausius thwarted all the attempts of Maximianus to recover the lost territory and even extended his authority over part of Gaul. In A.D.293 however, Constantius took over the struggle from Maximianus and succeeded in capturing Boulogne, Carausius' main stronghold on the Continent. Soon after this Carausius was murdered by his chief minister, Allectus, who succeeded to the throne.*Alex
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293 - 296, ALLECTUS, AE Antoninianus, struck 293 - 296 at Londinium (London), EnglandObverse: IMP C ALLECTVS P F AVG. Radiate and cuirassed bust of Allectus facing right.
Reverse: PAX AVG. Pax standing facing left, holding olive-branch in her right hand and transverse sceptre in her left; across field, S- A; in exergue, ML.
Diameter: 23mm | Weight: 3.9gms | Die Axis: 12h
RIC V ii: 28 | SPINK: 684a
Allectus, a chief minister under Carausius, murdered the British Emperor soon after the capture of Boulogne by Constantius in A.D.293 and took his place. Constantius invaded Britain in A.D.297 in a two pronged attack. Allectus was caught off balance and he was defeated and killed near Farnham as he hurriedly marched west to meet the invaders.*Alex
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307 - 337, CONSTANTINE I as AUGUSTUS, AE Follis struck 317 at Londinium (London), EnglandObverse: CONSTANTINVS P AVG. Laureate and cuirassed bust of Constantine I facing right.
Reverse: SOLI INVICTO COMITI. Sol, radiate, standing facing left, raising his right hand and holding globe in his left; across field, S - P; in exergue, PLN.
Diameter: 19.5mm | Weight: 3.3gms | Die Axis: 6h
RIC VII : 109
*Alex
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308 - 324, LICINIUS I, AE Follis struck 314 - 315 at Londinium (London), EnglandObverse: IMP LICINIVS P F AVG. Laureate and cuirassed bust of Licinius I facing right.
Reverse: GENIO POP ROM. Genius, turreted, standing facing left, holding patera in right hand and cornucopia in left; across field, S - F; in exergue, MSL.
Diameter: 21.4mm | Weight: 2.634gms | Die Axis: 6h
RIC VII: 31 | SRCV IV: 15186 | Cohen: 53 | Cf.SPINK: 717a
Rare
Ex. FORVM (USA)*Alex
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317 - 337, CONSTANTINE II as CAESAR, AE3 struck 317 at Londinium (London), EnglandObverse: CONSTANTINVS IVN N C. Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Constantine II facing right, viewed from the rear.
Reverse: SOLI INVICTO COMITI. Sol, radiate, chlamys across left shoulder, standing facing left, his right hand raised and holding globe in his left. In left field, S; in right field, P; in exergue, PLN.
Diameter: 19mm | Weight: 3.4gms | Die Axis: 6h
RIC VII : 118
VERY RARE*Alex
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317 - 337, CONSTANTINE II as Caesar, AE3 struck 321 at Londinium (London), EnglandObverse: CONSTANTINVS IVN N C. Radiate and cuirassed bust of Constantine II facing left.
Reverse: BEATA TRANQVILLITAS. Altar, inscribed VOT IS XX in three lines, surmounted by cosmic globe with three stars above; across field, P - A; in exergue, PLON.
Diameter: 20mm | Weight: 2.9gms | Die Axis: 6h
RIC VII : 219
Rare
Ex Killingholme Hoard (1993)
Claudius Constantinus was the eldest son of Constantine and Fausta, he was given the rank of Caesar in A.D.316, at the same time as Crispus and Licinius II.
This coin was struck in connection with the fifteenth anniversary of Constantine II's father, Constantine the great.
THE KILLINGHOLME HOARD
The Killingholme Hoard was discovered in a field between Killingholme and Habrough on the south bank of the Humber Estuary by a pair of metal detectorists in the Autumn of 1993.
The initial coins of the hoard were surface finds, many of which were found before the hoard itself was discovered. In total, there were 1504 coins found in the topsoil, and another 2753 found buried in a single clay pot.
The top of the pot had been cut off by ploughing, which had caused a large number of coins to be scattered around the field. Nevertheless, the remains of the pot were found when the coins packed in it were detected. The pot had a diameter of about 20cm and within it were thousands of coins.
One of the finders reported that the coins appeared to have been carefully arranged inside the pot, and seemed to produce a spiralling pattern. Unfortunately, the coins were emptied into a bath for cleaning so any chance of researching this arrangement was lost forever.
The coins that constituted the hoard were bronze reduced folles, most of which were struck between the 320s and the early 330s, during the time of the emperor Constantine. Though the coins came from several mints in the Western part of the Roman Empire, most of them were from the London mint. It is thought that the hoard was probably deposited around 333/334 AD.
Because, in 1993, base metal coins were not counted as treasure, the coins were returned to the finders who sent the bulk of the coins to be auctioned off by Spink of London. Fortunately, prior to being sold, the coins were recorded by the British Museum which acquired for itself 86 coins from the hoard.
After the recordings were completed, though the finders kept a few coins for themselves, the remainder of the coins were sold off in batches. It has been rumoured that many of these coins went to the Italian luxury goods producer Bulgari, who used them to make jewellery.
Such a process would not be permitted in England today as, following the enactment of the Treasure Act in 1996, the Killingholme Hoard would now fulfil the criteria for "treasure" as outlined by the Act.
CONTEMPORARY PHOTO OF THE KILLINGHOLM HOARD, CLICK ON THUMBNAIL TO ENLARGE IT
 *Alex
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317 - 337, CONSTANTINE II as Caesar, AE3 struck 322 - 323 at Londinium (London), EnglandObverse: CONSTANTINVS IVN N C. Radiate and cuirassed bust of Constantine II facing left.
Reverse: BEAT TRANQLITAS (sic). Altar, inscribed VOT IS XX in three lines, surmounted by cosmic globe with three stars above; across field, F – B; in exergue, PLON.
Diameter: 19mm | Weight: 2.05gms | Die Axis: 6h
RIC VII : 257.
Flavius Claudius Constantinus was the eldest son of Constantine and Fausta, he was given the rank of Caesar in A.D.316, at the same time as Crispus and Licinius II.
This coin was struck in connection with the fifteenth anniversary of his father, Constantine the great.
*Alex
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8 LiciniusLicinius I
AE3, Rome, 318-319 AD
IMP LIC-INIVS AVG, helmeted and cuirassed bust right / ROMAE AETERNAE, Roma seated right, shield on lap inscribed X/V. P-R across fields. Mintmark: RQ.
RIC VII Rome 151, aVFSosius
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Amisos, Pontos, c. 85 - 65 B.C. Mithradates VI Eupator. Obv. aegis with facing head of Medusa (gorgoneion) in center; Rev. AMI−ΣOY, Nike advancing right, holding palm frond across shoulders behind, A∆T monogram lower left.
19.7mm, 8.4 grams.
References: Sear 3642, BMC 72.Canaan
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Constantine I, AE3, RIC VII 8 CyzicusConstantine I, AE3, 317-320, Cyzicus, Officina 2
Obverse: IMP CONSTA_NTINVS AVG, Laureate, draped bust left, globe and scepter in left hand, map in right
Reverse: IOVI CONS_ERVATORI AVGG, Jupiter standing facing, head left, chlamys across left shoulder, Victory on globe in right hand, scepter in left
Wreath | S across fields
SMK in exergue
18.3mm, 3.5g NORMAN K
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Constantine I, RIC VII 124 TicinumObverse: IMP CONSTANTINVS PF AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right.
Reverse: MARTI CONSERVATORI, Mars in military dress standing right with spear in hand with point on ground and his left hand on shield set on the ground, cloak across right shoulder. .
19. mm., 2.5 g. Mintmark: S dot T Ticinum mint.
NORMAN K
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Constantine I, RIC VII 57 RomeObverse: IMP CONSTANTINVS PF AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Reverse: SOLI INV-I-CTO COMITI, Sol standing left, chlamys across left shoulder, holding globe, right hand raised.
19.5 mm., 3.0 g. Mintmark: R S RomeNORMAN K
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Constantine, AE Follis, RIC VII 19 Rome, 303-337 CE.
Obverse: IMP CONSTANTINVS P F AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Reverse: SOLI INV-I-CTO COMITI, Sol standing left, chlamys across left shoulder, holding globe and raising right hand.
R-F across fields.
Mintmark R star S.
RIC VII Rome 19.NORMAN K
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JULIAN II, RIC VIII 108 Sirmium Julian II, 361-363 CE. Æ 20.5 mm., 3.3 g. Sirmium mint.
Obverse: DN FL CL IVLIANVS P F AVG, helmeted and cuirassed bust right, holding spear forward and shield.
Reverse: VOT X MVLT XX in four lines across field within wreath; ASIRM.; LRBC 1619. hard green patinaNORMAN K
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Licinius I 308-324 ADAE Follis
Mint: Alexandria, Date- 321-324 AD
Obv: IMP C VAL LICIN LICINIVS P F AVG, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Rev: IOVI CONSERVATORI, Jupiter standing left,chlamys across left shoulder, holding Victory on a globe in right hand & leaning on scepter with eagle, at left on ground an eagle with wreath in beak, to rightcaptive.
In right field: XII gamma = 12 1/2 denarii communes
Exergue: SMALA
Size: 3.5 gms;19 mm.
Ref:RIC VII, 28Brian L
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Licinius I AE Follis, RIC 13 Nicomedia, 313-317 CE
Obverse: IMP C VAL LICIN LICINIVS PF AVG, laureate head right.
Reverse: IOVI CONS-ERVATORI, Jupiter standing left, chlamys across left shoulder, holding Victory on globe and eagle-tipped sceptre; eagle with wreath at foot left.
Officina letter B in right field.
Mintmark SMNT. Nicomedia 23.2 mm., 2.8 g.
NORMAN K
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ROMAN EMPIRE. Gordian III. AD. 238-244. Æ SestertiusROMAN EMPIRE. Gordian III. AD. 238-244. Æ Sestertius. Rome, AD 243-244. IMP GORDIANVS PIVS FEL AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / Securitas standing facing, head left, leaning on column and holding sceptre; S-C across fields. RIC 335a; C. 329; Banti 97. paul1888
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ΘEC in rectangular punchMACEDON. Thessalonica. Nero. Æ 23. A.D. 54-68. Obv: NE(PΩNC)EBAΣΣ-TOΣKAIΣAP (sic.). Bare head left; countermark across neck. Rev: ΘECCAΛ-ONIKH-ΩN in three lines in oak-wreath, eagle at top. Ref: BMC -; RPC 1603 (5 pcs); Axis: 180°. Weight: 7.36 g. Note: The name and face of Nero have been erased (damnatio). CM: ΘEC in rectangular punch, 7 x 3 mm. Howgego 537 (7 pcs). Note: Howgego notes that the countermark was probably applied in A.D. 68/69, sanctioning coins of Nero. He also notes that the application of the countermark was not directly connected with the erasure of the name and face of Nero, since this was done to only one of the seven specimens he identified. Collection Automan.Automan
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ΛΓΓSYRIA: SELEUCIS & PIERIA. Gabala. Caracalla. Æ 22. A.D. 198-217. Obv: (AVKMAANTΩNEINOC) or similar. Laureate bust right; countermark across shoulder. Rev: Γ(ABAΛEΩ)N. Tyche standing left, holding rudder and cornucopia. Ref: BMC –Axis: 180°. Weight: 7.53 g. CM: ΛΓΓ in rectangular punch, 7.5 x 4 mm. Howgego 551 (5 pcs). Note: Howgego describes the countermark as either ΛΠor ΛΓI, while this specimen reads ΛΓΓ. Collection Automan.Automan
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ROME
PB Tessera (20mm, 4.57 g, 12h). Saturnalia issue
Palm frond; IO S(AT) across fields
Wreath
Rostowzew 504; Rostowzew & Prou 100
Ex Classical Numismatic Group 55 (13 September 2000), lot 1201 (part of)Ardatirion
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EGYPT, Uncertain
PB Tessera (18mm, 2.91 g, 5h)
Dated year 2 of an uncertain era
Uncertain figure standing facing, behing crowned by Victory standing left
Uncertain figure standing left, holding uncertain object in raised hand; to left, ram(?) standing right; retrograde [L] B across fields
Milne –; Dattari (Savio) –; Köln –
Ex London Ancient Coins 36 (15 July 2014), lot 147Ardatirion
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(0096) NERVA96 - 98 AD
struck 97 AD
Copper as, 28.3 mm; 10.735 g RIC II 83, BMCRE III 130, Cohen II 68, BnF III 116, Hunter I -, SRCV II
O: IMP NERVA CAES AVG P M TR P COS III P P, laureate head right;
R: FORTVNA AVGVST (good fortune of the Emperor), Fortuna standing left, rudder held by tiller in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, S - C (senatus consulto) flanking across field;
Rome mint; RIC II 83, BMCRE III 130, Cohen II 68, BnF III 116, Hunter I -, SRCV II --from the Butte College Foundation, ex Lindgren
(ex Forum)laney
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(0098) TRAJAN98 - 117 AD
Struck 114 - 116 AD
AE Sestertius 33.5 mm; 26.73 g
O: IMP CAES NER TRAIANO OPTIMO AVG GER DAC P M TR P COS VI P P, laureate and draped bust right
R: SENATVS POPVLVSQVE ROMANVS, S C across field, Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and cornucopiae.
Rome. RIC II 672, BMCRE 1022; Cohen 352laney
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(0117) HADRIAN117 - 138 AD
AE AS 27 mm 10.43 g
O: Laureate, draped, cuirassed bust right
R: Pietas standing left, raising both hands in prayer before altar, PIE-AVG and S-C across fields.laney
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(0117) HADRIAN117-138 AD
(struck 133-134 AD)
Æ Drachm 34 mm 21.58 gm
O: laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right;
R: Isis Pharia standing right, wearing chiton, peplos and headdress of horns, disk and plumes, billowing sail in both hands and under left foot, sistrum in right; I / L - H across lower fields (year 18)
Alexandria, Roman Egypt
SNG Cop. 384; BMC Alexandria p. 89, 754 var; Köln.1118laney
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(0217) DIADUMENIAN217 - 218 AD
AE 25 mm; 12.22 g
Magistrate Statius Longinus
O: K M OPEL ANTWNI DIADOUMENIANOC, bare-headed, draped, cuirassed bust right
R: VP CTATIOV LONGINOU NIKOPOLITWN, PR-OC across fields, ICTRW in ex, Homonoia standing left, holding patera and cornucopiae.
Nikopolis ad Istrum.
d.s.laney
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(0218) ELAGABALUS218 - 222 AD
AE 24 mm; 11.15 g
O: Laureate, draped bust right
R: COL LAODIC--, Marsyas standing left, wine-skin over shoulder, right hand raised, D-E across fields
Syria, Laodicea ad mare; cf. Lindgren Coll. I, 2095laney
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(0218) ELAGABALUS218-222
Æ 25mm., 11.74g.
O: AVT K M AV ANTWNINOC Laureate head r. , with slight drapery.
R: ANTIOXЄΩNM()KO Tyche seated l. on rocks, holding grain ears; below, river god Orontes swimming l.;
Δ-Є and S-C across field
Syria, Antioch; cf Butcher 476
laney
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(0222) SEVERUS ALEXANDER (as Caesar)222 - 235 AD
struck ca. 222 AD
BI TETRADRACHM 22 mm 11.82 g
Dated RY 5 of Elagabalus (AD 221/2)
O: Bare-headed, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from front
R: Sarapis standing facing, head right, with hand on hip, holding sceptre; L-E (date) across fields.
EGYPT, ALEXANDRIA
Köln 2398; Dattari 4247; Milne 2859; Emmett 3082laney
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(0244) PHILIP I244-249 AD.
AE 30.5 mm, 13.12 g
O: AYTOK KMAI IOVLI PHILIPPOC CEB, radiate, draped, cuirassed bust right.
R: ANTIOXEWN MHTRO KOLWN, turreted, veiled bust of Tyche of Antioch right, star beneath back of neck, ram leaping right
above, D-E over S-C across fields.
Seleucis and Pieria, Antiochia
BMC Galatia 524-.
laney
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(0247) PHILIP II (as Caesar)244-247 AD Caesar
247 - 249 Augustus
Æ 8 Assaria 30mm, 18.72g.
O: Bareheaded, draped and cuirassed bust right
R: Turreted, veiled and draped bust of Tyche right; Δ-E/S-C across fields; above, ram leaping right, head left;
Seleucis and Pieria, Antiochlaney
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(0253) VALERIAN I253 - 260 AD
Capitolene games issue
AE 26.5 mm, 19.34 g
O: IMP CAES P LIC VALERIANVS [PF AVG], laureate, draped, cuirassed bust right.
R: CER SACR CAP OEC ISEL HEL, COL-HEL across fields, male athlete standing facing, head right, holding palm branch, right hand in a selection urn.
Coele Syria, Heliopolis
Cohen 329 laney
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(0268) CLAUDIUS II GOTHICUS268 - 270 AD
AE 17.5 mm max. 2.47 g
O: IMP CLAVDIVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right;
R: MARS VLTOR, Mars walking right, holding spear in right hand and spear across shoulder in left, H in right field
Rome mint; RIC V 67
(EB)
laney
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(0275) TACITUS--ALEXANDRIA275 - 276 AD
Potin Tetradrachm 21 mm 7.03 g
Obverse: A K KL TAKITOC CEB, laureate, draped, cuirassed bust right
Reverse: ETOYC-A (year 1)across fields, eagle standing left, head right, with wreath in its beak.
ALEXANDRIA, ROMAN EGYPT
Milne 4502 / Dattari 551laney
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(0283) NUMERIAN283 - 284 AD
Billon tetradrachm 19.3 mm max., 7.732 g
O: A K M A NOVMEPIANOC CEB, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, from behind;
R: Athena seated left on high backed throne, wearing crested helmet, Nike in right, shield leaning against throne, L - B* (year 2) across fields
Alexandria mint; Milne 4719; Curtis 1939; Dattari 5608; BMC Alexandria p. 319, 2464 var. (star)
(ex FORUM)laney
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(0286) MAXIMIANUS286 - 305, 306 - 308, and 310 A.D.
Struck 287/8 AD
Billon potin tetradrachm 18 mm 7.51 g
O: K M A OYA MAXIMIANOC CEB, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right
R: Homonoia standing left, raising right, double cornucopia in left, L -G (year 3) across fields
Egypt, Alexandria mint
BMC 2561, Curtis 2091 , Milne 4855
laney
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(0286) MAXIMIANUS--ALEXANDRIA286 - 305, 306 - 308, and 310 A.D
Struck 294/295 (Year 10)
AE TETRADRACHM 20.5 mm 6.44 g
O: MAXIMI_ANOC CEB Laureate, draped bust right, seen from behind
R: Nike flying right, wreath upward in right hand, palm in left over shoulder L / I across fields
ALEXANDRIA, ROMAN PROVINCIAL EGYPT
Emmett 4147; Milne 5181 var; Curtis 2105 var; BMC 2585 var
laney
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(0308) LICINIUS308 - 324 AD
Struck 315 - 316 AD
AE Follis 19.5 mm, 3.16 g
O: IMP LICINIVS PF AVG - Laureate, draped, cuirassed bust right
R: SOLI INVICTO COMITI - Sol standing left, chlamys across left shoulder, with raised right hand and holding globe in left; R in left field, F in right field
Rome mint
laney
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(0308) LICINIUS308 - 324 AD
Struck 317 - 320 AD
AE 17.5 mm, 3.38 g
O: IMP LICI_NIVS AVG, Laureate bust left in imperial mantle, mappa in right hand, globe and scepter in left
R: IOVI CONS_ERVATORI AVGG, Jupiter standing facing, head left, naked but for chlamys across left shoulder, Victory on globe in right hand, scepter in left, bound captive before, S in right field; SMANT in exergue
Antioch mint RIC VII, 27 (R1)
laney
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(0308) LICINIUS I308 - 324 AD
AE 18.5 mm 3.00 g Struck 317-320, Officina 8
O: IMP LICI_NIVS AVG Laureate bust left in imperial mantle, mappa in right hand, globe and scepter in left
R: IOVI CONS_ERVATORI AVGG Jupiter standing facing, head left, naked but for chlamys across left shoulder, Victory on globe in right hand, scepter in left, bound captive before, H in right field SMANT in exergue,
Antioch RIC VII, 27
laney
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(0317) CRISPUS317 - 326 AD
AE 18 mm 3.84 g
O: DN FL IVL CRISPVS NOB CAES, laureate, cuirassed bust right
R: PROVIDEN-TIAE CAESS, Jupiter standing left, chlamys across left shoulder, holding Victory on globe & leaning on scepter; pellet over Gamma in right field, palm branch in left field
SMN in exe. Nicomedia
RIC VII 32 (R2)laney
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(04) CALIGULA37-41 AD
Struck 37-38 AD
AE as 26 mm. 9/7 g
O: C CAESAR AVG GERMANICVS PON M TR POT, bare head left.
R: VESTA above, S C across field, Vesta seated left, holding patera and sceptre.
Rome; Cohen 27. RCV 1803. laney
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(05) CLAUDIUS (CERES)41 - 54 AD
AE 27 mm, 11.71 g
O: TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG PM TR P IMP Bare headed bust of Claudius left
R: CERES AVGVSTA; SC IN EXE. Seated figure of Ceres left wearing veil, holding corn ear in right hand and torch across knee with left hand.
(Probably an unofficial imitative; note backward S in CERES and backward C in the SC on reverse.)laney
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(05) CLAUDIUS (MINERVA)41-54 AD
Struck 41-42 AD
Æ As 30 mm, 7.86 g
O: TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP, Bare head left
R: S-C across fields, Minerva advancing right, brandishing spear and holding shield
Rome mint, RIC I 100laney
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(05) CLAUDIUS (MINERVA)41-54 AD
Struck 41-42 AD
Æ As 28 mm, 12.01 g
O: TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP, Bare head left
R: S-C across fields, Minerva advancing right, brandishing spear and holding shield
Rome mint, RIC I 100laney
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(05) CLAUDIUS (MINERVA)41-54 AD
Struck 41-42 AD
Æ As 25 X 28 mm, 7.42 g
O: Bare head left
R: S-C across fields, Minerva advancing right, brandishing spear and holding shield
Rome mint, RIC I 100laney
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(05) CLAUDIUS (MINERVA)41-54 AD
Struck 41-42 AD
Æ As 28 mm, 10.31 g
O: Bare head left
R: S-C across fields, Minerva advancing right, brandishing spear and holding shield
Rome mint, RIC I 100laney
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(05) CLAUDIUS (MINERVA)41-54 AD
Struck 41-42 AD
Æ As 29.5 mm, 9.91 g
O: TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP, Bare head left
R: S-C across fields, Minerva advancing right, brandishing spear and holding shield
Rome mint, RIC I 100laney
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(05) CLAUDIUS (MINERVA)41-54 AD
Struck 41-42 AD
Æ As 26.5 mm, 10.67 g
O: TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP, Bare head left
R: S-C across fields, Minerva advancing right, brandishing spear and holding shield
Rome mint, RIC I 100laney
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(05) CLAUDIUS (MINERVA)41-54 AD
Struck 41-42 AD
Æ As 26.5 X 31 mm, 9.94 g (double strike)
O: TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP, Bare head left
R: S-C across fields, Minerva advancing right, brandishing spear and holding shield
Rome mint, RIC I 100laney
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