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Image search results - "Victories,"
constant4.png
083a13. Constantine IAE follis. 17mm, 2.79 g. 318 AD. Siscia mint. Obv: IMP CONSTA-NTINVS AVG, laureate, helmeted, cuirassed bust right. Rev: VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP, Two Victories, standing facing each other, holding inscribing shield inscribed VOT PR on an altar decorated with a star. Mintmark ASIS. RIC VII Siscia 48 var (altar type and obv. break).lawrence c
Gallienus_AR-Ant_IMP-C-P-LIC-GALLIENVS-AVG_VOTA-ORBIS_RIC-459j_C-1355_Antioch_253-254-AD_Q-001_axis-11h_22-23mm_4,29g-s.jpg
090a Gallienus (253-268 A.D.), Samosata, RIC V-I 456C, AE-Antoninianus, -/-/--, VOTA ORBIS, Two Victories, #1090a Gallienus (253-268 A.D.), Samosata, RIC V-I 456C, AE-Antoninianus, -/-/--, VOTA ORBIS, Two Victories, #1
avers: IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS AVG, Radiate bust right, draped and cuirassed.
reverse: VOTA ORBIS, Two Victories affixing shield inscribed SC to a palm tree.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 22,0-23m,0m, weight: 4,29g, axis: 11h,
mint: Samosata, date: 253-254 A.D.,
ref: RIC V-I 456C, p-, C 1355, Göbl 1682m, Sear 10420,
Q-001
1 commentsquadrans
magnentiusd.jpg
092a03. MagnentiusAE 22mm, 3.15 g. Rome. Obv: DN MAGNEN-TIVS PF AVG, bare-headed, draped, cuirassed bust right, Γ behind bust. Rev: VICT DD NN AVG ET CAES, Two Victories, standing facing each other, holding shield inscribed VOT-V-MVLT-X between them. No supporting column. Star in center. Mintmark R[S?]. RIC VIII Rome 218; Sear 18808.lawrence c
3100378.jpg
102. Trajan. AD 98-117Trajan. AD 98-117. Æ Sestertius (34mm, 25.52 g, 6h). Rome mint. Struck circa AD 103-104. Laureate and draped bust right / Front of the Temple of Jupiter: monumental votive arch/gateway; on the sides, from top to bottom, are the following reliefs: biga driven by Victory, aegis, Gigantomachy, arms, and she-wolf suckling twins; the second tier surmounted by a trophy and giant to either side, gateway spandrels with Victories, pediment with Jupiter between two seated figures, panel above pediment inscribed IOM (= Iovi Optimo Maximo), the whole surmounted by six-horse chariot driven by Jupiter and flanked by Victories. RIC II 572-3 var. (bust type); Woytek 187f; Banti 280. Fair, brown patina, some green, areas of minor porosity and cleaning scratches. Rare. Banti cites only one example with this bust type.

EX-CNG eAuction 310 lot 378 190/150
ecoli
Claudius-II__AE-Ant_IMP-CLAVDIVS-AVG_VOTA-ORBIS_II_RIC-196var_C-xxx_Siscia_2690-AD__Q-001_axis-0h_21mm_3,31g-y-s.jpg
104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-0727 (Estiot), RIC V-I 196var, Siscia, AE-Antoninianus, VOTA ORBIS, -/-//II, Two Victories, extr. Rare !, 104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-0727 (Estiot), RIC V-I 196var, Siscia, AE-Antoninianus, VOTA ORBIS, -/-//II, Two Victories, extr. Rare !,
avers:- IMP-CLAVDIVS-AVG, Bust left, helmeted and radiate, cuirassed with cross-belt, holding spear without visible point over right shoulder, shield on left shoulder.Medusa-head on shield, (H4l (w/o point)).
revers:- VOTA-ORBIS, Two Victories stg. facing each other, fixing a shield inscribed SC to a palm tree which is placed between them, (Victories (two)1).
exerg: -/-//II, diameter: 21mm, weight: 3,31g, axes: 0h, (12h),
mint: Siscia, iss-3, off-2, Victory of Naïssus, date: 269 A.D., ref: T-0727 (Estiot), RIC V-I 196var, ,
Q-001
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Probus_AE-Ant-Silvered_IMP-C-M-AVR-PROBVS-P-AVG_VICTORIAE-AVG_KA-P_RIC-800_C-_Siscia-4th-emission-rare_277-AD__Q-001_axis-180_20-21mm_2,46g-s.jpg
112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), Siscia, Alföldi 0088.0001, -/-//KAP, Bust E1/G, RIC V-II 800, AE-Antoninianus, VICTORIAE AVG, Two Victories, Rare!!!112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), Siscia, Alföldi 0088.0001, -/-//KAP, Bust E1/G, RIC V-II 800, AE-Antoninianus, VICTORIAE AVG, Two Victories, Rare!!!
avers: IMP C M AVR PROBVS P AVG, Radiate, helmeted, cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield.
reverse: VICTORIAE AVG, Two Victories standing face to face, clasping hands before palm tree.
exergue: -/-//KAP, diameter: 21mm, weight: 2,46g, axis: 6h,
mint: Siscia, 4th. emission of Siscia, date: 277 A.D.,
ref: RIC V-II 800, p-103, Alföldi 0088.0001, Rare!!!
Q-001
1 commentsquadrans
133_Licinius_II_2C_Siscia2C_RIC_VII_702C_AE-Follis2C_LICINIVS_IVN_NOB_CAES2C_VICTORIAE_LAETAE_PRINC_PERP2C_R32C_GSIS_2C_317-24_AD__Q-0012C_6h2C_202C3mm2C_32C38g-s.jpg
133 Licinius II. (317-324 A.D.), Siscia, RIC VII 070Γ, -/-//ΓSIS•, AE-3 Follis, VICT LAETAE PRINC PERP, two Victories, VOT/PR, R3!!! #1133 Licinius II. (317-324 A.D.), Siscia, RIC VII 070Γ, -/-//ΓSIS•, AE-3 Follis, VICT LAETAE PRINC PERP, two Victories, VOT/PR, R3!!! #1
avers: LICINIVS IVN NOB CAES, Laureate, draped, cuirassed bust right.
reverse: VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP, Two Victories holding shield inscribed VOT/PR on an altar decorated with a dot •.
exergue: -/-//ΓSIS•, diameter:20,3mm, weight:3,83g, axis:6h,
mint: Siscia, date: 317-324 A.D.,
ref: RIC VII 070Γ, R3!!!, Sear 15457,
Q-001
1 commentsquadrans
133_Licinius_II_,_Siscia_RIC_VII_098,_AE-3,_IMP_LICINIVS_IVN_NOB_C,_VICT_LAETAE_PRINC_PERP,_ASIS_star,__317-24_AD,R3_Q-001,_7h,_18,5-19mm,_2,92g-s.jpg
133 Licinius II. (317-324 A.D.), Siscia, RIC VII 098A, -/-//ASIS*, AE-3 Follis, VICT LAETAE PRINC PERP, two Victories, VOT/PR, R3!!! #1133 Licinius II. (317-324 A.D.), Siscia, RIC VII 098A, -/-//ASIS*, AE-3 Follis, VICT LAETAE PRINC PERP, two Victories, VOT/PR, R3!!! #1
avers: LICINIVS IVN NOB C, Laureate, draped, cuirassed bust right.
reverse: VICT LAETAE PRINC PERP, Two Victories holding shield inscribed VOT/PR on altar decorated with a letter I.
exergue: -/-//ASIS*, diameter:18,5-19,0mm, weight:2,92g, axis:7h,
mint: Siscia, date: 317-324 A.D.,
ref: RIC VII 098A, R3!!!, Sear 15453,
Q-001
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136_Constantinus_I__Lugdunum_RIC_VII_079,_AE-Follis_CONS_TANTINVS_AVG,_VICTORIAE_LAET_PRINC_PERP,_P-captives-L,_320-AD,_Q-001,_h,_18-19mm,_g-sx.jpg
136 Constantinus I. (306-309 A.D. Caesar, 309-910 A.D. Filius Augustorum, 307-337 A.D. Augustus), Lugdunum, RIC VII 079, AE-2 Follis, VICTORIAE LAET PRINC PERP, 2 Victories, standing, #1136 Constantinus I. (306-309 A.D. Caesar, 309-910 A.D. Filius Augustorum, 307-337 A.D. Augustus), Lugdunum, RIC VII 079, AE-2 Follis, VICTORIAE LAET PRINC PERP, 2 Victories, standing, #1
avers: CONS TANTINVS AVG, Cuirassed bust right wearing a high-crested helmet.
reverse: VICTORIAE LAET PRINC PERP, 2 Victories, standing, facing each other, holding shield inscribed VOT/PR in two lines over the plain altar.
exergue: -/-//P-left-facing seated captive-right facing seated captive L., diameter: 18,0-19,0mm, weight: g, axis: h,
mint: Lugdunum, date: 320 A.D., ref:RIC VII 079, p-,
Q-001
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Aquileia_RIC_VIII_170,_148_Magnentius_AE-2-25-Cent_DN-MAGNEN-TIVS-PF-AVG_VICTORIAE-DD-NN-AVG-ET-CAES_palm-AQT-palm_Q-001_h_mm_g-s.jpg
148 Magnentius (350-353 A.D.), Aquilea, RIC VIII 170, -/-//palmbranch AQT palmbranch, AE-2, Centenionalis, VICTORIAE D D N N AVG ET CAES, Two Victories, #1148 Magnentius (350-353 A.D.), Aquilea, RIC VIII 170, -/-//palmbranch AQT palmbranch, AE-2, Centenionalis, VICTORIAE D D N N AVG ET CAES, Two Victories, #1
avers:- D N MAGNEN TIVS P F AVG, Bare-headed, draped and cuirassed bust right, A behind head.
revers:- VICTORIAE D D N N AVG ET CAES, Two Victories standing, facing each other, together holding wreath reading VOT/V/MVLT/X.
exerg: -/-//palmbranch AQT palmbranch, diameter: 23-25mm, weight: g, axis: h,
mint: Aquileia, date: 350-353 AD., ref: RIC VIII 170, Sear 18829.
Q-001
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Magnentius_AE-2-25-Cent_DN-MAGNEN-TIVS-PF-AVG_VICTORIAE-DD-NN-AVG-ET-CAES_AQP-palm_RIC-170_C-00_Aquileia-_Q-001_h_23-25mm_5,39g-s.jpg
148 Magnentius (350-353 A.D.), Aquilea, RIC VIII 170, -/-//palmbranch AQT palmbranch, AE-2, Centenionalis, VICTORIAE D D N N AVG ET CAES, Two Victories, #2148 Magnentius (350-353 A.D.), Aquilea, RIC VIII 170, -/-//palmbranch AQT palmbranch, AE-2, Centenionalis, VICTORIAE D D N N AVG ET CAES, Two Victories, #2
avers:- D N MAGNEN TIVS P F AVG, Bare-headed, draped and cuirassed bust right, A behind head.
revers:- VICTORIAE D D N N AVG ET CAES, Two Victories standing, facing each other, together holding wreath reading VOT/V/MVLT/X.
exerg: -/-//palmbranch AQP palmbranch, diameter: 23-25mm, weight: 5,39g, axis: h,
mint: Aquileia, date: 350-353 AD., ref: RIC VIII 170, Sear 18829.
Q-002
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Magnentius_AE-2-25-Cent_DN-MAGNEN-TIVS-PF-AVG_VICTORIAE-DD-NN-AVG-ET-CAES_star_AQP_RIC-173_Aquileia-_Q-001_h_mm_g-s.jpg
148 Magnentius (350-353 A.D.), Aquilea, RIC VIII 173, *//AQP, AE-2, Centenionalis, VICTORIAE D D N N AVG ET CAES, Two Victories,148 Magnentius (350-353 A.D.), Aquilea, RIC VIII 173, *//AQP, AE-2, Centenionalis, VICTORIAE D D N N AVG ET CAES, Two Victories,
avers:- D N MAGNEN TIVS P F AVG, Bare-headed, draped and cuirassed bust right, A behind head.
revers:- VICTORIAE D D N N AVG ET CAES, Two Victories standing, facing each other, together holding wreath reading VOT/V/MVLT/X.
exerg: *//AQP, diameter: 22-23mm, weight: g, axis: h,
mint: Aquileia, date: 350-353 AD., ref: RIC VIII 173,
Q-001
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Trier_RIC_VIII_316A,_148_Magnentius_AE-2-23-Cent_DN-MAGNEN-TIVS-PF-AVG_VICTORIAE-DD-NN-AVG-ET-CAES_TRP_Q-001_h_21,5-22,5mm_4,63g-s.jpg
148 Magnentius (350-353 A.D.), Trier, RIC VIII 316A, -/-//TRP, AE-2, Centenionalis, VICTORIAE D D N N AVG ET CAES, Two Victories, Rare!148 Magnentius (350-353 A.D.), Trier, RIC VIII 316A, -/-//TRP, AE-2, Centenionalis, VICTORIAE D D N N AVG ET CAES, Two Victories, Rare!
avers:- D N MAGNEN TIVS P F AVG, Bare-headed, draped and cuirassed bust right, "A" behind the head.
revers:- VICTORIAE D D N N AVG ET CAES, Two Victories standing, facing each other, together holding wreath reading VOT/V/MVLT/X.
exerg: -/-//TRP, diameter: 21,5-22,5mm, weight: 4,63g, axis: 0h,
mint: Trier, date: 350-353 AD., ref: RIC VIII 316A, Rare!, Ex Künker 288, Collection Pudill.,
Q-001
2 commentsquadrans
Roma_RIC_VIII_217,_149_Decentius_AE-2-22-Cent_MAG_DECENTI-VS_NOB_CAES_VICT-DD-NN-AVG-ET-CAES_star_RS_351-2-AD_Q-001_4h_21-22mm_5,14g-s.jpg
149 Decentius (350-353 A.D.), Roma, RIC VIII 217, *//RS, AE-2, Centenionalis, VICT D D N N AVG ET CAES, Two Victories, #1149 Decentius (350-353 A.D.), Roma, RIC VIII 217, *//RS, AE-2, Centenionalis, VICT D D N N AVG ET CAES, Two Victories, #1
avers:- MAG DECENTI VS NOB CAES, Bare-headed, cuirassed bust right, B behind the head.
revers:- VICT D D N N AVG ET CAES, Two Victories standing, facing each other, together holding wreath reading VOT/V/MVLT/X. Star in lower centre.
exerg: *//RS, diameter: 21-22mm, weight: 5,14g, axis: 4h,
mint: Roma, date: 351-352 AD., ref: RIC VIII 217, Sear 18871.
Q-001
1 commentsquadrans
Roma_RIC_VIII_217,_149_Decentius_AE-2-22-Cent_MAG_DECENTI-VS_NOB_CAES_VICT-DD-NN-AVG-ET-CAES_star_RT_351-2-AD_Q-001_0h_22-24mm_5,04g-s.jpg
149 Decentius (350-353 A.D.), Roma, RIC VIII 217, *//RT(?), AE-2, Centenionalis, VICT D D N N AVG ET CAES, Two Victories, #2149 Decentius (350-353 A.D.), Roma, RIC VIII 217, *//RT(?), AE-2, Centenionalis, VICT D D N N AVG ET CAES, Two Victories, #2
avers:- MAG DECENTI VS NOB CAES, Bare-headed, cuirassed bust right, B behind the head.
revers:- VICT D D N N AVG ET CAES, Two Victories standing, facing each other, together holding wreath reading VOT/V/MVLT/X. Star in lower centre.
exerg: *//RT(?), diameter: 22-24mm, weight: 5,04g, axis: 0h,
mint: Roma, date: 351-352 AD., ref: RIC VIII 217, Sear 18871.
Q-002
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AgrippaAsNeptune.jpg
1ah Marcus AgrippaDied 12 BC
As, minted by Caligula.

Head left wearing rostral crownt, M AGRIPPA L F COS III
Neptune standing facing, head left, naked except for cloak draped behind him & over both arms, holding small dolphin in right hand & vertical trident in left, SC

RIC 58

Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa (c 63 BC–12 BC) was a close friend, and defence minister of the future emperor Augustus. He was responsible for many of his military victories, most notably Actium against the forces of Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII of Egypt. He was son-in-law to Augustus, maternal grandfather of the Emperor Caligula, father-in-law of the Emperors Tiberius and Claudius, and maternal great-grandfather of the Emperor Nero. He probably served in Caesar’s campaign of 46/45 BC against Pompey and Caesar regarded him highly enough to send him with Octavius in 45 BC to study at Apollonia. From then on Agrippa played a major part in Augustus’ career, as military commander and admiral, also undertaking major public works, and writing works on geography (following his survey of the Empire) and other subjects. He erected many fine buildings in Rome, including the original Pantheon on the Campus Martius (during his third consulship 27 BC). He married Claudia Marcella the Elder, daughter of Octavia the Younger in 28 BC, and Julia the Elder in 21 BC, with whom he had five children. His daughter Agrippina Vipsania the Younger the married Tiberius, and his daughter Agrippina Vipsania the Elder married Germanicus. His last campaign initiated the conquest of the upper Danube region, which would become the Roman province of Pannonia in 13 BC. Augustus had Agrippa’s remains placed in his own mausoleum. Ronald Syme offers a compelling case that Agrippa was much more co-ruler of the empire with Augustus than he was a subordinate.
Blindado
MagnentiusCentenionalis.jpg
1ek Magnentius350-353

Centenionalis

Bare-headed, draped & cuirassed bust, right, D N MAGNEN-TIVS P F AVG
Two victories, VICTORIAE DD NN AVG ET CAES

RIC 173

Zosimus recorded: Magnentius thus gained the empire, and possessed himself all the nations beyond the Alps, and the whole of Italy. Vetranio, general of the Pannonian army, upon hearing of the good fortune of Magnentius, was himself inflamed with the same desire, and was declared emperor by the legions that were with him, at Mursa, a city of Pannonia. While affairs were thus situated, the Persians plundered the eastern countries, particularly Mesopotamia. But Constantine, though he was defeated by the Persians, yet resolved to subdue the factions of Magnentius and Vetranio. . . . Constantius advanced from the east against Magnentius, but deemed it best first to win over Vetranio to his interest, as it was difficult to oppose two rebels at once. On the other hand, Magnentius used great endeavours to make Vetranio his friend, and thus to put an end to the war against Constantius. Both therefore sent agents to Vetranio, who chose to adopt the friendship of Constantius rather than that of Magnentius. The ambassadors of Magnentius returned without effecting their purpose. Constantius desired that both armies might join, to undertake the war against Magnentius. To which proposal Vetranio readily assented. . . . When the soldiers heard this, having been previously corrupted by valuable presents, they cried out, that they would have no mock emperors, and immediately began to strip the purple from Vetranio, and pulled him from the throne with the determination to reduce him to a private station. . . . Constantius, having so well succeeded in his design against Vetranio, marched against Magnentius, having first conferred the title of Caesar on Gallus, the son of his uncle, and brother to Julian who was afterwards emperor, and given him in marriage his sister Constantia. . . .

Constantius now gaining the victory, by the army of Magnentius taking to flight, a terrible slaughter ensued. Magnentius, therefore being deprived ofall hope, and apprehensive lest the remnant of his army should deliver him to Constantius, deemed it best to retire from Pannonia, and to enter Italy, in order to raise an army there for another attempt. But when he heard that the people of Rome were in favour of Constantius, either from hatred to himself, or because they had heard of the event of the battle, he resolved to cross the Alps, and .seek for himself a refuge among the nations on that side. Hearing however that Constantius had likewise engaged the Barbarians near the Rhine against him, and that |65 he could not enter Gaul, as some officers had obstructed his passage thither in order to make their court to Constantius, nor through Spain into Mauritania, on account of the Roman allies there who studied to please Constantius. In these circumstances he preferred a voluntary death to a dishonourable life, and chose rather to die by his own hand than by that of his enemy.

Thus died Magnentius, having been emperor three years and six months. He was of Barbarian extraction, but lived among the Leti, a people of Gaul. He understood Latin, was bold when favoured by fortune, but cowardly in adversity, ingenious in concealing his natural evil disposition, and deemed by those who did not know him to be a man of candour and goodness. I have thought it just to make these observations concerning Magnentius, that the world may be acquainted With his true character, since it has been the opinion of some that he performed much good, who never in his life did any thing with a good intention.
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202-Constantine-Arlate-RIC 194.JPG
202-Constantine-Arelate-RIC 194AE3, 319 AD , Arelate mint.
Obverse: IMP CONSTA-NTINVS AVG, Helmeted , laureate, cuirassed bust right.
Reverse: VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP, Two Victories, facing , holding shield inscribed VOT/PR on alter.
TARL in Exergue, Arelate mint, RIC 194
2.8 gm , 18mm
Jerome Holderman
203-Constantine-London- RIC158.JPG
203-Constantine-London- RIC158AE3, 319 AD , London mint.
Obverse: IMP CONSTANT-INVS AVG, Helmeted , laureate, cuirassed bust left.
Reverse: VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP, Two Victories, facing , holding shield inscribed VOT/PR on alter.
PLN in Exergue, London mint, RIC 158
3.0 gm , 17mm
Jerome Holderman
204-Constantine- Ticinum- RIC82.JPG
204-Constantine- Ticinum- RIC82AE3, 319 AD , Ticinum mint.
Obverse: IMP CONSTA-NTINVS MAX AVG, Helmeted , laureate, cuirassed bust right.
Reverse: VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP, Two Victories, facing , holding shield inscribed VOT/PR on alter.
PT in Exergue, Ticinum mint, RIC 82
2.8 gm , 18mm
Jerome Holderman
205-Constantine- Siscia-RIC 59.JPG
205-Constantine- Siscia-RIC 59AE3, 319 AD , Siscia mint.
Obverse: IMP CONSTA-NTINVS PF AVG, Helmeted , laureate, cuirassed bust right.
Reverse: VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP, Two Victories, facing , holding shield inscribed VOT/PR on alter.
ASIS(pellet) in Exergue, Siscia mint, RIC 59
2.7 gm , 20mm
Jerome Holderman
IMG_9258.JPG
311a. AureolusAureolus. Romano-Gallic Usurper, AD 267-268. Antoninianus (19mm, 2.17 g, 7h). Struck in the name of Postumus. Mediolanum (Milan) mint, 2nd officina. 3rd emission, mid AD 268. Radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust of Postumus right / Concordia standing left, holding patera and rudder; prow of galley to left; S. RIC V (Postumus) 373; Mairat 215-21; AGK (Postumus) 6b; RSC (Postumus) 19. Near VF, dark brown patina.

Aureolus was an extraordinarily capable general who served under Valerian and Gallienus. Around AD 258, Gallienus stationed a new cavalry unit at Mediolanum that was to serve as a quick reaction force against any new invasions along the frontier of the central empire. Aureolus was given command of this unit. In AD 260-261 his forces defeated the armies of the usurpers Ingenuus and Macrianus, and recovered the province of Raetia. Following these victories, Gallienus and Aureolus led a Roman army against the breakaway Gallic provinces under Postumus. Gallienus was forced to leave the field after being injured in battle, and left the campaign in the hands of Aureolus. Aureolus ended the campaign shortly thereafter, and while the reason is uncertain, the historical record suggests it was due to either his incompetence or else treachery (he had come to a secret agreement with Postumus). While the former seems unlikely, given Aureolus’ record, the latter is possible, as there are indications that he had been preparing for a revolt as early as AD 262. Regardless, at some point in AD 267, Aureolus revolted and established his base at Mediolanum, where Gallienus besieged him in AD 268. The details of the revolt are unclear, but it appears that Aureolus first appealed to Postumus for aid, and, failing to gain the Gallic Emperor’s support, declared himself emperor. About the same time, Gallienus was murdered, and was succeeded by Claudius II Gothicus, who continued to beseige Mediolanum. Soon, though, it appeared that an agreement was reached, and Aureolus emerged from the city to meet Claudius. Any such concord, however, was simply a ruse, as Aureolus was taken into custody and executed.
ecoli
coin200.JPG
402. MaximianusMarcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Herculius (c. 250 - July, 310), known in English as Maximian, was Roman Emperor (together with Diocletian) from March 1, 286 to 305.

Born to a poor family near Sirmium (city in Pannonia), Maximian made a career in the army until 285, when the new emperor Diocletian, a friend of his, made him caesar (sub-emperor) and the ruler of the western part of the empire. The next year Maximian became augustus next to Diocletian, and in 293, when Diocletian introduced the Tetrarchy, Constantius Chlorus became Maximian's caesar and married Maximian's daughter Flavia Maximiana Theodora.

During his reign, Maximianus had several military successes, against the Alemanni and Burgundians in northern Germany, against the Carpi on the Danube frontier and against Carausius, who had rebelled in Britain and declared himself emperor there. He also strengthened the frontier defenses in Africa.

On May 1, 305, Diocletian and Maximian retired together; it is clear that this was not a voluntary act of Maximian's, but that he was forced to do so by Diocletian. Galerius and Constantius Chlorus became the new emperors; Flavius Valerius Severus and Maximinus Daia became their caesars. When Constantius died the next year, Maximian's son Maxentius took the western emperorship, and named Maximian to be his augustus. Maximian resolved the conflicts around this emperorship by defeating Severus and Galerius in battle and bringing Constantius' son Constantine on his side by having Constantine marry his daughter Fausta.

However, in 308 Maximian rebelled against his own son, and marched upon Rome, but was beaten and forced to find refuge with Constantine in Gaul. In 310 he declared himself emperor for the third time, but was unable to defend himself against Constantine, who forced him to commit suicide.

For his own and his colleagues' victories, Maximian received the titles Germanicus Maximus V, Sarmaticus Maximus III, Armeniacus Maximus, Medicus Maximus, Adiabenicus Maximus, Persicus Maximus II, Carpicus Maximus, Britannicus Maximus.

Maximianus 286-305, Reform Follis - Siscia Mint
9.16g
Obv: Bust of Maximianus right "IMP MAXIMIANVS PF AVG"
Rev: Moneta standing left holding a scale and cornucopiae "SACRA MONET AVGG E CAESS NOSTR" "SIS" in the exergue.
RIC 134b
ecoli
Aquileia_RIC_VIII_170,_148_Magnentius_AE-2-25-Cent_DN-MAGNEN-TIVS-PF-AVG_VICTORIAE-DD-NN-AVG-ET-CAES_palm-AQT-palm_Q-001_h_mm_g-s~0.jpg
Aquilea, RIC VIII 170, 148 Magnentius (350-353 A.D.), -/-//palmbranch AQT palmbranch, AE-2, Centenionalis, VICTORIAE DD NN AVG ET CAES, Two Victories, #1Aquilea, RIC VIII 170, 148 Magnentius (350-353 A.D.), -/-//palmbranch AQT palmbranch, AE-2, Centenionalis, VICTORIAE DD NN AVG ET CAES, Two Victories, #1
avers:- DN-MAGNEN-TIVS-PF-AVG, Bare-headed, draped and cuirassed bust right, A behind head.
revers:- VICTORIAE-DD-NN-AVG-ET-CAES, Two Victories standing, facing each other, together holding wreath reading VOT/V/MVLT/X.
exerg: -/-//palmbranch AQT palmbranch, diameter: 23-25mm, weight: g, axis: h,
mint: Aquileia, date: 350-353 AD., ref: RIC VIII 170, Sear 18829.
Q-001
quadrans
Aquileia_RIC_VIII_170,_148_Magnentius_AE-2-25-Cent_DN-MAGNEN-TIVS-PF-AVG_VICTORIAE-DD-NN-AVG-ET-CAES_palm-AQP-palm_Q-001_h_23-25mm_5,39g-s.jpg
Aquilea, RIC VIII 170, 148 Magnentius (350-353 A.D.), -/-//palmbranch AQT palmbranch, AE-2, Centenionalis, VICTORIAE DD NN AVG ET CAES, Two Victories, #2Aquilea, RIC VIII 170, 148 Magnentius (350-353 A.D.), -/-//palmbranch AQT palmbranch, AE-2, Centenionalis, VICTORIAE DD NN AVG ET CAES, Two Victories, #2
avers:- DN-MAGNEN-TIVS-PF-AVG, Bare-headed, draped and cuirassed bust right, A behind head.
revers:- VICTORIAE-DD-NN-AVG-ET-CAES, Two Victories standing, facing each other, together holding wreath reading VOT/V/MVLT/X.
exerg: -/-//palmbranch AQP palmbranch, diameter: 23-25mm, weight: 5,39g, axis: h,
mint: Aquileia, date: 350-353 AD., ref: RIC VIII 170, Sear 18829.
Q-002
quadrans
Aquileia_RIC_VIII_173,_148_Magnentius_AE-2-25-Cent_DN-MAGNEN-TIVS-PF-AVG_VICTORIAE-DD-NN-AVG-ET-CAES_star_AQP_Q-001_h_mm_g-s.jpg
Aquilea, RIC VIII 173, 148 Magnentius (350-353 A.D.), *//AQP, AE-2, Centenionalis, VICTORIAE DD NN AVG ET CAES, Two Victories,Aquilea, RIC VIII 173, 148 Magnentius (350-353 A.D.), *//AQP, AE-2, Centenionalis, VICTORIAE DD NN AVG ET CAES, Two Victories,
avers:- DN-MAGNEN-TIVS-PF-AVG, Bare-headed, draped and cuirassed bust right, A behind head.
revers:- VICTORIAE-DD-NN-AVG-ET-CAES, Two Victories standing, facing each other, together holding wreath reading VOT/V/MVLT/X.
exerg: *//AQP, diameter: 22-23mm, weight: g, axis: h,
mint: Aquileia, date: 350-353 AD., ref: RIC VIII 173,
Q-001
quadrans
Augustus_As_Altar_Of_Lugdunum.jpg
Augustus As Altar Of LugdunumObv.

CAESAR AVGVSTVS DIVI F PATER PATRAE
Laureate Head Right

Rev.

Altar of Lugdunum, with flanking columns supporting facing Victories, ROM ET AVG below

Lugdunum mint 9-14 AD

26.5mm 12.63g

RIC 233 Cohen 237 BMC 567
1 commentsancientdave
constantius_II_vict_lr44.jpg
BCC LR44 Constantius IILate Roman
Constantius II 337-355 CE
Thessalonica Mint
Obv:CONSTANTI-VS PF AVG
Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Rev: VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN
Two Victories, facing each other.
In ex: SMTS(E?)
AE16.5mm. 1.59gm. Axis:30
RIC VIII 99 Thessalonica 347-348CE
v-drome
Constans_VICTORIA_Trier.jpg
Constans VICTORIA DD AVGG Q NN from Trier...unofficial issueConstans
A.D. 347- 348
14x15mm 1.1gm
CONSTANS P F AVG; Diademed and cuirassed bust right.
VICTORIA DD AVGG Q NN; Two victories, holding wreaths upward, facing each other; Leaf between;
In ex. TRS in exergue.
Cf. RIC VIII Trier 185

Unofficial issue
1 commentsVictor C
Constans_Rome81.jpg
Constans VICTORIAE D D AVGG Q NN from RomeConstans
A.D. 347- 348
14x15mm 1.5gm
DN FL CONSTANS AVG; Rosette-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.
VICTORIAE D D AVGG Q N N; Two Victories, each holding wreath to the left.
In ex. R • P
RIC VIII Rome –



RIC only lists the short obverse legend for Constans (CONSTANS P F AVG) while this example has the longer legend (DN FL CONSTANS AVG). It should come after RIC VIII Rome 81. This example also has both victories holding wreaths to left
Victor C
5815_5816.jpg
Constans, AE4, VICTORIAE DD AVGG Q NN, ε, TRSAE4
Constans
Caesar: 333 - 337AD
Augustus: 337 - 350AD
Issued: 347 - 348AD
14.0mm x 13.0mm 2.20gr 0h
O: CONSTAN-S PF AVG; Diademed (pearls), draped and cuirassed bust, right.
R: VICTORIAE DD AVGG Q NN; Two Victories, facing each other, each holding a wreath and palm.
Exergue: ε, above line; TRS, below line.
Trier Mint
RIC VIII Trier 199; Aorta: 1210: B5, O8, R40, T46, M14.
Rated C2.
Ajaan/Don Rupp
1/4/16 1/30/17
Nicholas Z
8872_8873.jpg
Constans, AE4, VICTORIAE DD AVGG Q NN, HR, ΓSISAE4
Constans
Caesar: 333 - 337AD
Augustus: 337 - 350AD
Issued: 347 - 348AD
16.0mm 1.70gr 6h
O: CONSTAN-S PF AVG; Diademed (rosettes), draped and cuirassed bust, right.
R: VICTORIAE DD AVGG Q NN; Two Victories, standing facing each other, each holding a wreath and a palm.
Exergue: HR (ligate), above line; ΓSIS, below line.
Siscia Mint
RIC VIII Siscia 192, Γ; Aorta: 1381: B16, O8, R40, T46, M12.
numis-kimel/Anna Kimelova 273801758517
4/12/19 5/14/19
Nicholas Z
5305_5306.jpg
Constans, AE4, VICTORIAE DD AVGG Q NN, SMTSBAE4
Constans
Caesar: 333 - 337AD
Augustus: 337 - 350AD
Issued: 347 - 348AD
17.0 x 16.0mm 1.70gr 0h
O: CONSTANS PF AVG; Diademed (rosettes), draped and cuirassed bust, right.
R: VICTORIAE DD AVGG Q NN; Two Victories, facing each other, each holding a wreath and a palm.
Exergue: SMTSB
Thessalonica Mint
RIC VIII Thessalonica 101; Aorta: 1388: B16, O8, R40, T46, M13.
Rated C2.
okta2000-2013 271985932341
9/24/15 1/31/17
Nicholas Z
constans_victorien.jpg
Constans, Victories, FollisDate: AD 347-348, Treveri
Obv: CONSTANS PF AVG
Rev: VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN
"D"
Mint: TRP
RIC 196
1,3g, ∅ 16mm
Laurentius
constans_victories_trp_star.jpg
Constans, Victories, Follis Date: AD 347-348, Treveri
Obv: CONSTANS PF AVG
Rev: VICTORIAE DD AVGG Q NN
"Star"
Mint: TRP
RIC 188 C
1,57g, ∅ 15mm
River Patina
Laurentius
constans2C_victorien2C_ric_185.jpg
Constans, Victories, FollisDate: AD 347-348, Treveri
Obv: CONSTANS PF AVG
rosette diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev: VICTORIAE DD AVGG Q NN
two Victories facing each other, each holding a wreath
and palm branch,
ivy leaf in centre
Mint: TRP
RIC VIII 185, P
1,61g, ∅ 15mm
river patina
Laurentius
constans_ric_206.jpg
Constans, Victories, Follis Date: AD 347-348, Treveri
Obv: CONSTANS PF AVG
pearl-diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right
Rev: VICTORIAE DD AVGG Q NN
Two Victories standing facing each other, each holding wreath,
upright palm between them
Mint: TRP
RIC 206
1,32g, ∅ 14mm
Laurentius
constans_ric_195.jpg
Constans, Victories, Follis Date: AD 347-348, Treveri
Obv: CONSTANS PF AVG
laurel and rosette-diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right
Rev: VICTORIAE DD AVGG Q NN
two Victories facing each other, each holding wreath
D in centre field
Mint: TRP
RIC 195
1,82g, ∅ 15mm
Laurentius
constans_ric_185_trs.jpg
Constans, Victories, Follis Date: AD 347-348, Treveri
Obv: CONSTANS PF AVG
Rev: VICTORIAE DD AVGG Q NN
"leaf"
Mint: TRS
RIC 185 S
1,62g, ∅ 16mm
River Patina
Laurentius
Constantine_I_AE_3.png
Constantine I (Augustus) Coin: Bronze FollisIMP CONSTANTINVS AVG - Laureate, helmeted, cuirassed bust right
VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP - Two Victories, standing facing each other, holding inscribing shield inscribed VOT PR on an altar decorated with a star. Mintmark ASIS star.
Exergue: ASIS star


Mint: Siscia (318AD)
Wt./Size/Axis: 1.00g / 19mm / 180
References:
RIC VII 48 var, A
Acquisition/Sale: servuscoins Ebay $0.00 11/17
Notes: Nov 7, 19 - The Gary R. Wilson Collection
GRWilson
cons_sil_fol_vic_res.jpg
CONSTANTINE I -- VICT LAE Struck 319 AD, Officina 1
Silvered AE Follis 18.5 mm 2.53 g
O: IMP CONSTANTINVS AVG Laureate, helmeted, cuirassed bust right
R: VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP Two Victories, standing facing each other, inscribing shield with VOT | PR, above altar
PARL in exergue
Arles mint RIC VII 191
laney
Clipboard~57.jpg
Constantine I Two Victories, standing facing each other,This is the coin responsible for my addiction to coin collecting three years ago. Yep, i cleaned away the crud, then proceeded to polish it. I know a little better now.

Constantine I, AE3, 318-319, Siscia, Officina 1
IMP CONSTANTINVS AVG Laureate, helmeted, cuirassed bust right

VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP Two Victories, standing facing each other, inscribing shield with VOT | PR above altar with X and - design (altar type X) ASIS in exergue
Weight - 2.2g
Diameter - 19mm
lorry66
11478_11479.jpg
Constantine I, Follis, VICTORIAE LAET PRINC PERP, P(Two captives)LAE Follis
Constantine I
Caesar: 306 - 307AD
Augustus: 307 - 337AD
Issued: 320AD
18.0mm 2.89gr 0h
O: CONS-TANTINVS AVG; Helmeted, cuirassed bust, right.
R: VICTORIAE LAET PRINC PERP; Two Victories, each holding one side of a shield inscribed VOT/PR, set on altar. Altar has a rectangle within a rectangle design.
Exergue: P(Two captives, back to back)L
Lyons Mint
RIC VII Lyons 79; Aorta: 974: B28, O4, R217, T235, M10.
Rated C1
numismaticaprados 193283342097
5/3/20 6/6/20
Nicholas Z
11877_11878.jpg
Constantine I, Follis, VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP, ΓSIS(Star)AE Follis
Constantine I
Caesar: 306 - 307AD
Augustus: 307 - 337AD
Issued: 318AD
19.0 x 18.0mm 2.82gr 7h
O: IMP CONSTANTINVS PF AVG; Helmeted, laureate and cuirassed bust, right.
R: VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP; Two Victories, each standing on either side of a shield inscribed with VOT/PR on altar; altar garlanded and with star.
Exergue: ΓSIS(Star)
Altar Type: 7R
Siscia Mint
Rated R1
RIC VII Siscia 47; Aorta: -; B43, O59, R221, T235, M16.
olympiacoins/Sasa Stankovic 353112646358
6/26/20 8/6/20
Nicholas Z
6448_6449.jpg
Constantine I, Follis, VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP, PTAE Follis
Constantine I
Caesar: 306 - 307AD
Augustus: 307 - 337AD
Issued: 318 - 319AD
18.0mm 3.22gr 7h
O: IMP CONSTAN-TINVS MAX AVG; Helmeted, laureate, cuirassed bust, right.
R: VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP; Two Victories, standing facing each other, together holding shield inscribed VOT/PR on altar with cross decoration.
Exergue: PT
Ticinum Mint
Rarity: R4
RIC VII Ticinum 86
Aorta: 1187: B43, O55, R221, T235, M18.
samhan_53024/Pau Bulgarian 112957352898
4/23/18 8/8/18
Nicholas Z
11035_11036.jpg
Constantine I, Follis, VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP, STAE Follis
Constantine I
Caesar: 306 - 307AD
Augustus: 307 - 337AD
Issued:
21.0 x 19.0mm 2.50gr 7h
O: IMP CONSTAN-TINVS MAX AVG; Helmeted, laureate and cuirassed bust, right.
R: VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP; Two Victories, standing on either side of altar, each holding a shield inscribed VOT/PR over altar; altar with C on altar base.
Exergue: ST
Ticinum Mint
RIC VII Ticininum 90, S; Aorta: -; B43, O55, R221, T235, M18.
Rated R2
stamgeorge/Georgi Stamenov 202539365990
3/4/20 4/23/20
Nicholas Z
DESERT_PAT_CONST.JPG
Constantine the GreatConstantine I - Arles Mint - Officina 1 - AE3 - RIC VII 185

O: IMP CONSTANTINVS AVG, laureate, helmeted, cuirassed bust right

R: VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP, two victories, standing facing each other, inscribing shield with VOT PR above plain altar, P * over crescent A in exergue

2.58g, 18/19mm, 180 degree die axis, 319AD

3 commentsBiancasDad
CONST_1_RIC_VII_195.JPG
Constantine the GreatConstantine I - Arles Mint - Officina 3 - AE3 - RIC VII 195

O: IMP CONSTANT_INVS AVG, high-crested helmet, no crossbar, triangular cut with center pellet at base of helmet, cuirassed bust left, spear across right shoulder, mappa in left hand

R: VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP, two Victories, standing facing each other, inscribing shield with VOT/PR, above plain altar, TARL in exergue

3.1g, 17/18mm, 0 degree die axis, 319AD
BiancasDad
CONST_1_RIC_VII_193_ARLES.JPG
Constantine the GreatConstantine I - Arles Mint - Officina 3 - AE3 - RIC VII 193

O: IMP CONSTAN_TINVS MAX AVG, laureate, helmeted, cuirassed bust right

R: VICTORIAE LAE TAE PRINC PERP, two Victories, standing facing each other, inscribing shield with VOT/PR above altar with diamond and five pellets, TARL in exergue

3.1g, 17/19mm, 180 degree die axis, 319AD
BiancasDad
0640-355np_noir.jpg
Constantine The Great, AE3AE 3 struck in Ticinium, 3rd officina
IMP CONSTAN - TINVS MAX AVG, Draped, cuirassed bust of Constantinus right, wearing laureate helmet
VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP, Two victories, holding shield on wich is written VOT/PR, resting on cippus. TT at exergue
3.2 gr
Ref : RC #3883 var
Potator II
AAFLb_small.png
Constantius II AE4Constantius II. 337-361 AD.

Unknown Mint. 347-348 AD.

15mm., 1.27g.

CONSTANTI-VS P F AVG. Bust of Constantius II, laureate, rosette-diademed, draped, cuirassed, right

VICTORIAE [or VICTORAE] DD AVGGQ NN. Two Victories, winged, draped, facing each other, each holding wreath in right hand and palm in left hand

References: RIC VIII

AAFL
RL
11656_11657.jpg
Constantius II, AE4, VCTORIAE DD AVG Q NN, (Dot)εSIS(Dot)AE4
Constantius II
Caesar: 324 - 337AD
Augustus: 337 - 361AD
Issued: 347 - 348AD
17.0 x 15.5mm 1.70gr 1h
O: CONSTANTI-VS PF AVG; Diademed (rosettes), draped and cuirassed bust, right.
R: VICTORIAE DD AVGG Q NN; Two Victories, standing facing each other, each holding a wreath and a palm.
Exergue: (Dot)εSIS(Dot)
Siscia Mint
RIC VIII Siscia 184; Aorta: 3131: B27, O8, R83, T107, M15.
numis-kimel/Anna Kimelova 274323870996
4/21/20 6/13/20
Nicholas Z
5124_5125.jpg
Constantius II, AE4, VICTORIAE DD AVGG Q NN, SMTSΔAE4
Constantius II
Caesar: 324 - 337AD
Augustus: 337 - 361AD
Issued: 347 - 348AD
17.0mm 0.80gr 0h
O: CONSTANTI-VS PF AVG; Diademed (rosettes), draped and cuirassed bust, right.
R: VICTORIAE DD AVGG Q NN; Two Victories, facing each other, holding wreath and palm.
Exergue: SMTSΔ
Thessalonica Mint
RIC VIII Thessalonica 99; Aorta: 3162: B27, O8, R83, T107, M16.
Rated C2
okta2000-2013 271948212951
8/13/15 2/3/17
Nicholas Z
constantius_II_ric_183.jpg
Constantius II., Victories, FollisDate: AD 347-348, Treveri
Obv: CONSTANTIVS PF AVG
rosette-diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right
Rev: VICTORIAE DD AVGG Q NN
two Victories facing each other with wreaths and palms,
Ivy leaf on stalk in lower centre
Mint: TRS
RIC VIII 183, S
1,77g, ∅ 17mm
river patina
Laurentius
constantius_II_victorien_ric_193.jpg
Constantius II., Victories, FollisDate: AD 347-348, Treveri
Obv: CONSTANTIVS PF AVG
rosette-diademed, draped, cuirassed, right
Rev: VICTORAE DD AVGG Q NN
Two Victories, winged, draped, standing front, facing each other,
each holding wreath in right hand and palm in left hand
"D" between
Mint: TRP
RIC VIII 193
1,14g, ∅ 15mm
Laurentius
4484237l.jpg
Crawford 474/5, ROMAN IMPERATORIAL, L. Valerius Acisculus, AR DenariusRome, The Republic.
L. Valerius Acisculus, 45 BCE.
AR Denarius (4.17g; 22mm).
Rome Mint.

Obverse: Radiate, draped head of Sol facing right; pick-axe and ACISCVLVS behind

Reverse: Luna in biga galloping right; L. VALERIVS in exergue.

References: Crawford 474/5; HCRI 94; Sydenham 1002; BMCRR 4110; FFC 1171 (this coin illustrated); Valeria 20.

Provenance: Ex Jose Fernandez Molina Collection [Aureo & Calico Alba Longa Auction (7 Nov 2018) Lot 716]; NAC 18 (29 Mar 2000) Lot 337.

L. Valerius Acisculus issued an interesting series of types in 45 BCE. Not much is known about the moneyer except that he was also a Tribune of the Plebs. The pick-axe on obverse of these types is a punning allusion to the moneyer’s name, as the Latin word for pick-axe is “acisculus”. Scholars have long debated the meanings of the other devices, some going to great lengths to argue connections to the moneyer’s family. However, more recently, Crawford and Sear both concluded that the types likely allude to Julius Caesar’s military successes against Pompey and in the East. The obverse of this coin, in particular, is likely a nod to Caesar's eastern victories, with Sol's cult having a strong eastern following.

Carausius
CRISPUS_RIC_VII_66.JPG
CrispusCrispus - Siscia Mint - Officina 4 - AE3 - RIC VII 66

O: CRISPUS NOB CAESAR, laureate, draped, cuirassed bust right

R: VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP, two Victories, standing facing each other, inscribing shield with VOT/PR above tall altar with top and bottom band and central pellet (altar type J), ΔSISdot in exergue

2.95g, 18/20mm, 0 degree die axis, 319AD
BiancasDad
Crispus VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP RIC 175.jpg
Crispus VICTORIA LAETAE PRINC PERP RIC VII London 175AE3, 19mm, 2.46g.

Obverse: FL IVL CRIS-PVS NOB CAES, helmeted, lareate and draped bust R.

Reverse: VICTORIA LAETAE PRINC PERP, VOT/PR within wreath held by two victories, over altar with wreath.

Exe: PLN (London)

RIC VII 175, 320, R4.
1 commentsRobert_Brenchley
RE_Decentius_RIC_8_130_.jpg
Decentius as Caesar. Votive wreath centenionalis of Lugdunum Roman Empire. Decentius as Caesar. 351-353 AD. Æ Centenionalis (5.41 gm, 21.8mm, 1h) of Lugdunum 351-352 Bare head and cuirassed bust right, D N DECENTIVS NOB CAES. / Votive wreath held between two Victories, VOT V MVLT X within. • SV in field below. VICTORIAE DD NN AVG ET CAE. ex: RS LG. nEF. Pegasi Numismatics Auction XVIII #600. RIC VIII p.186 #131; Cohen 33; SRCV V #18882.Anaximander
20150822_110744.jpg
Italy, Herculaneum, College of the AugustalesThe side walls of the sacellum in the College of the Augustales are painted with doors either side of a central porch which opens onto architectural elements on a white ground. Above the doors and porch are further windows containing bronze chariots driven by winged victories, placed on pedestals. The central fresco on the left wall is of Hercules standing next to Juno and Minerva

From my visit to Herculaneum in August 2015
maridvnvm
20150822_110821.jpg
Italy, Herculaneum, College of the AugustalesThe side walls of the sacellum in the College of the Augustales are painted with doors either side of a central porch which opens onto architectural elements on a white ground. Above the doors and porch are further windows containing bronze chariots driven by winged victories, placed on pedestals. The fresco in the middle of the right wall shows Hercules fighting Achelous who kidnapped Deianira.

From my visit to Herculaneum in August 2015
maridvnvm
05_IMG_1856q.JPG
Italy, Rome, Arch of TitusThe Arch of Titus, on the Via Sacra, Rome, just to the south-east of the Roman Forum, was completed by Domitian in 96 A.D. to commemorate Titus' victories, including the Siege of Jerusalem in 70 A.D. The Arch of Titus has provided the general model for many of the triumphal arches erected since the 16th century—perhaps most famously it is the inspiration for the 1806 Arc de Triomphe in Paris, France, completed in 1836.1 commentsJ. B.
136_Constantinus_I__Lugdunum_RIC_VII_079,_AE-Follis_CONS_TANTINVS_AVG,_VICTORIAE_LAET_PRINC_PERP,_P-captives-L,_320-AD,_Q-001,_h,_18-19mm,_g-sx~0.jpg
Lugdunum, RIC VII 079, 136 Constantinus I. (306-309 A.D. Caesar, 309-910 A.D. Filius Augustorum, 307-337 A.D. Augustus), AE-2 Follis, VICTORIAE LAET PRINC PERP, 2 Victories, standing, #1Lugdunum, RIC VII 079, 136 Constantinus I. (306-309 A.D. Caesar, 309-910 A.D. Filius Augustorum, 307-337 A.D. Augustus), AE-2 Follis, VICTORIAE LAET PRINC PERP, 2 Victories, standing, #1
avers: CONS TANTINVS AVG, Cuirassed bust right wearing a high-crested helmet.
reverse: VICTORIAE LAET PRINC PERP, 2 Victories, standing, facing each other, holding shield inscribed VOT/PR in two lines over the plain altar.
exergue: -/-//P-left-facing seated captive-right facing seated captive L., diameter: 18,0-19,0mm, weight: g, axis: h,
mint: Lugdunum, date: 320 A.D., ref:RIC VII 079, p-,
Q-001
quadrans
magnentius_lyon.jpg
Magnentius, Victories, CentenionalisDate: AD 350-353, Lugdunum, RPLG
Obv: DN MAGNENTIVS PF AVG/ A
Rev: VICTORIAE DD NN AVG ET CAE/ VOT V MVLT X/ S*V
RIC VIII 133, K. 148.27, C. 68
4,89g, ∅22,5 mm
Laurentius
N4_28129.png
N04Roman Empire Coin. AE3 of Constantius II. Arelate Mint. AD 347-348. Obv: Laureate, rosette-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust of Constantius II right / CONSTANTIVS P F AVG. Rev: Two winged and draped Victories, holding wreath and palm / VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN; Λ_Α; PARL mintmark. RIC VIII Arelate 78.

Anonymous Ebay Auction (Early 2016)
Sebastian H2
N29.png
N30Roman Empire Coin. AE3 of Constantius II. Thessalonica Mint. AD 347-348. Obv: Laureate, rosette-diademed, draped, and cuirassed Constantius II / CONSTANTIVS P F AVG. Rev: Two winged and draped Victories, facing each other, each holding wreath and palm / VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN; SMTSΓ mintmark. RIC VIII Thessalonica 99.

amaorc_64 (December 2022)
Sebastian H2
bpBarb1M1Victs.jpg
ROMAN EMPIRE, BARBARIC IMITATIVE, Victories, Shield and Altar, Coin 1.Obv: Helmeted and cuirassed bust, right.
Rev: Two Victories resting inscribed shield on altar.
2.8 gm 17.5 mm
Comment: Shares same die as coin 2. shown next. Interesting that their separate paths should find them together here.
bpBarb1M2Victs.jpg
ROMAN EMPIRE, BARBARIC IMITATIVE, Victories, Shield and Altar, Coin 2.Obv: Helmeted and cuirassed bust, right.
Rev: Two Victories resting inscribed shield on altar.
2.2 gm 17 mm
Comment: See Coin 1. (same dies). Unfortunately, I did not record the seller.
magnetius2_mini.jpg
ROMAN EMPIRE, MagnentiusMagnentius 350-353 AD.
obv. DN MAGNEN-TIVS PF AVG,
bare-headed, draped, cuirassed bust right, Gamma behind bust.
rev. VICT DD NN AVG ET CAES,
Two Victories, standing facing each other, holding shield inscribed VOT V MVLT X between them.
No supporting column.
exe: R star Q. (Rome)
Not in RIC? Unlisted with star. RIC VIII Rome 218 has a star between the victories but not in the exerque.
20mm.
ctg2_8.jpg
Siscia RIC VII 99Date: 319 - 320

CONSTAN-TINVS IVN N C
laureate, draped, cuirassed, bust right

VICT • LAETAE PRINC PERP
Two Victories, winged, draped, facing each other, holding a shield inscribed VOT/PR supported by altar

E SIS*

Very Rare (R5)
Tacitus
133_Licinius_II_2C_Siscia2C_RIC_VII_702C_AE-Follis2C_LICINIVS_IVN_NOB_CAES2C_VICTORIAE_LAETAE_PRINC_PERP2C_R32C_GSIS_2C_317-24_AD__Q-0012C_6h2C_202C3mm2C_32C38g-s~0.jpg
Siscia, RIC VII 070Γ, 133 Licinius II. (317-324 A.D.), -/-//ΓSIS•, AE-3 Follis, VICT LAETAE PRINC PERP, two Victories, VOT/PR, R3!!! #1Siscia, RIC VII 070Γ, 133 Licinius II. (317-324 A.D.), -/-//ΓSIS•, AE-3 Follis, VICT LAETAE PRINC PERP, two Victories, VOT/PR, R3!!! #1
avers: LICINIVS IVN NOB CAES, Laureate, draped, cuirassed bust right.
reverse: VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP, Two Victories holding shield inscribed VOT/PR on an altar decorated with a dot •.
exergue: -/-//ΓSIS•, diameter:20,3mm, weight:3,83g, axis:6h,
mint: Siscia, date: 317-324 A.D.,
ref: RIC VII 070Γ, R3!!!, Sear 15457,
Q-001
quadrans
133_Licinius_II_,_Siscia_RIC_VII_098,_AE-3,_IMP_LICINIVS_IVN_NOB_C,_VICT_LAETAE_PRINC_PERP,_ASIS_star,__317-24_AD,R3_Q-001,_7h,_18,5-19mm,_2,92g-s~0.jpg
Siscia, RIC VII 098, 133 Licinius II. (317-324 A.D.), -/-//ASIS*, AE-3 Follis, VICT LAETAE PRINC PERP, two Victories, VOT/PR, R3!!!Siscia, RIC VII 098, 133 Licinius II. (317-324 A.D.), -/-//ASIS*, AE-3 Follis, VICT LAETAE PRINC PERP, two Victories, VOT/PR, R3!!!
avers: LICINIVS IVN NOB C, Laureate, draped, cuirassed bust right.
reverse: VICT LAETAE PRINC PERP, Two Victories holding shield inscribed VOT/PR on altar decorated with a letter I.
exergue: -/-//ASIS*, diameter:18,5-19,0mm, weight:2,92g, axis:7h,
mint: Siscia, date: 317-324 A.D., ref: RIC VII 098, R3!!!
Q-001
1 commentsquadrans
normal_Trajan_Sestertius~0.jpg
Trajan SestertiusObv. IMP CAES NER TRAIANO OPTIMO AVG GER DAC P M TR P COS VI P P, laureate and draped bust right.
Rev. IMPERATOR VIIII S C, The army saluting Trajan "imperator" for the ninth time; Trajan sits right on platform, extending right hand and attended by two standing officers, while a lictor shouldering fasces stands right before platform; the army is represented by (a) three soldiers standing left, all wearing helmets and holding shields, the first two raising their right arms to acclaim Trajan and the third holding a horse by the bridle and (b) the heads and standards of two standard-bearers, unhelmeted, visible in a second row above the heads of the soldiers and the horse in the front row.
Mint: Rome, 114/116 AD.

34mm 29.67g

BMC 1019; Coh. 178; MIR 549 v; RIC 658.

Provenance:
Ex Künker, Auction 382, lot 417.
Ex Lanz, Auction 109, lot 409.

Trajan extended the Empire's borders to their greatest limit. After two major campaigns (AD 101-103 and 105-106), he incorporated Dacia as a Roman province. In AD 114, in consequence of the installation of a Parthian puppet on the throne of Armenia, Trajan annexed the area as another Roman province and then extended operations into Mesopotamia. The reverse of this coin depicts Trajan's acclamation by the troops as imperator for the eighth time, which occurred with the fall of the city of Singara in AD 115 during the campaigns on the eastern frontier (CNG).
After major victories, the army saluted the emperor "imperator" ("commander"), entitling him to celebrate a triumph in Rome if the Senate decreed one. This sestertius of Trajan, a similar sestertius with IMPERATOR VIII, and a similar aureus with IMPERATOR VII, are the only Roman coins to depict such a salutation. These three acclamations commemorated the first three victories of Trajan's Parthian war, IMP VII being accorded for his conquest of Armenia in 114, IMP VIII and VIIII for the first two victories of his second campaign in 115.
4 commentskc
Vespasian_RIC_II_T361.jpg
Vespasian RIC II T0361Vespasian memorial under Titus. AR Denarius. Rome mint 80-81 A.D. (2.1 g. 19mm). Obv: DIVVS AVGVSTVS VESPASIANVS, laureate head right. Rev: EX SC in exergue, quadriga l. with temple as car (tensa) surmounted by two victories, figure within. RIC T361. Ex David Hendin.

Minted by his son, Titus, to commemorate Vespasian’s deification which occurred in 80 A.D. making it likely the coin was minted in that year.
3 commentsLucas H
Florian - VOT X.jpg
VICTORIAE AVGVST.IAntoninianus, 4.22 g, 21 mm, 5 h, 276 AD

Obverse: IMP C M AN FLORIANVS P AVG
Radiate and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: VICTORIAE AVGVST.I
Two Victories holding shield inscribed with VOT X

Exergue: XXIT

Siscia mint

Unlisted in RIC
Estiot Paris Catalogue p. 380 pl. 99, 536
Thanks to Curtis Clay for attribution information
drjbca
Philip1.jpg
[1107a] Philip I, 244-249 A.D.Philip I. 244-249 AD. AE Sestertius (33mm, 17.09 gm). Struck 248 AD. RIC IV 164.
Commemorative issue.

Philip I. 244-249 AD. AE Sestertius (33mm, 17.09 gm). Struck 248 AD. Obv.: Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right. Rev.: Octastyle temple with statue of Roma. RIC IV 164; Banti 52; Cohen 201. aVF. This issue commemorates the millenial anniversary of Rome.


De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families

Philip the Arab (244-249 A.D.)


Michael L. Meckler
Ohio State University

Marcus Julius Philippus rose from obscure origins to rule for five and one-half years as Rome's emperor. Only sketchy details of his life and reign have survived in the historical record. One of those details -- his ethnicity -- was latched onto by later historians, who called the emperor by the name Philip the Arab.

Background and Early Career
Philip the Arab seems to have been born sometime during the reign of Septimius Severus. He was born in the Roman province of Arabia, in what today is the village of Shahba, roughly 55 miles south-southeast of Damascus. The village was obscure at the time of Philip's birth, though once he became emperor, Philip renamed the community Philippopolis and embarked on a major building campaign. Little is known of Philip's father, save the name Julius Marinus. This name, however, indicates that the family held Roman citizenship and must have been locally prominent. Nothing is known of Philip's mother. At some point, probably in the 230s, Philip married Marcia Otacilia Severa. A son was born by 238 and named Marcus Julius Severus Philippus. Philip's early career is also obscure, though it was undoubtedly helped by that of his brother, Julius Priscus. Priscus was appointed praetorian prefect by Gordian III and had previously served as prefect of the Roman province of Mesopotamia. If a fragmentary inscription from Rome can be connected to Priscus, Philip's brother rose quickly during Gordian III's reign through a variety of equestrian offices, including procurator of Macedonia, vice prefect of Egypt, and judge at Alexandria.

Priscus' appointment as praetorian prefect probably came at the beginning of the Roman campaign to reconquer upper Mesopotamia in the spring of 242. The success of the campaign must have reflected well on Priscus, and when his colleague Timesitheus (who was also Gordian III's father-in-law) died the following year, Priscus' brother Philip joined him as praetorian prefect. The brothers remained the young emperor's most powerful deputies during the disastrous campaign against the Persians in the winter of 243-44. On the retreat back up the Euphrates after the Roman defeat at Misikhe, Gordian was killed sometime during the winter months of 244. Most sources state that Philip was involved in Gordian's death; some claim that Philip engineered a mutiny by diverting the grain that was supposed to feed Gordian's troops.

The Emperor and the Military
Philip was acclaimed the new emperor and was firmly in control by late winter 244. Like his predecessor Macrinus, Philip faced, as his first important task, the problem of ending a war in the East. Philip was more fortunate in his negotiations than Macrinus had been. Philip made a peace treaty with the Persian king Shapur in which Philip agreed to pay the equivalent of 50 million sesterces, and possibly an annual tribute. The treaty enabled the new emperor to travel westward to Rome. It remains unknown why Philip was displayed before the soldiers as their new emperor instead of his more accomplished brother Priscus, but Priscus went on to have extraordinary power in the East during the new regime. Priscus is described in one inscription as rector Orientis, and he exercised supreme authority over armies and provinces from his headquarters in Antioch.

The following year the Carpi, a people native to the northern bank of the lower Danube, crossed the river and attacked settlements in the Roman province of Moesia (today, northern Bulgaria), where Philip's brother-in-law Severianus had been put in command. Fighting lasted several years and may have spread westward into Pannonia because of incursions by German tribes. Victory was proclaimed in 248, but the legions in Moesia and Pannonia were dissatisfied with the war's results. The armies there revolted, proclaiming Tiberius Claudius Marinus Pacatianus as emperor. While Philip could point to some success on the Danube frontier, he could not claim victory in his battles with the Moors. The emperor preferred to pay for an ignominious peace rather than lose an ignominious war. The heavy-handedness of his brother Priscus in collecting taxes in the East caused another revolt, this one led by a man named Iotapianus, who claimed to be a kinsman of Severus Alexander. Coins that may also be from this period show two other men who tried to become emperors, Silbannacus and Sponsianus. Neither is otherwise attested, and each revolt must have been short-lived.

The Millennium and Christianity
Despite growing instability in the provinces, Romans in the year 248 were fascinated by the celebrations of the 1,000th anniversary of their city's foundation. The festivities may have been patterned after the Secular Games (last held under Septimius Severus 44 years earlier) and included magnificent spectacles for the arena. Millennarianism extended into the literary world, with the author Asinius Quadratus honoring the event by writing his Thousand-Year History.

Philip's religious beliefs have garnered the most attention from modern historians. Writing but 75 years after Philip's reign, the Church father Eusebius relayed a report that Philip was a Christian who was once compelled by a church official to confess his sins before being allowed to attend an Easter service. Later sources locate the story in Antioch and connect the tale to Babylas, a bishop later martyred in the persecution mounted by Philip's successor, Decius. The Decian persecution is itself blamed by Eusebius on Decius' personal hatred for Philip. Eusebius also reported that the Christian teacher and apologist Origen wrote one letter to Philip and another to Otacilia Severa. While it is quite likely that Philip was well acquainted with Christianity and may even have been respectful of its teachings and leaders, he could not have been a Christian in any meaningful way. Philip appears indistinguishable from other third-century emperors in his use of pagan symbols and titles. Philip made no improvements in the legal status of Christians or their religion. Moreover, Philip's alleged Christianity was never corroborated by non-Christian authors.

Within six months of the beginning of his reign, Philip had appointed his son as Caesar and heir. Three years later, in the summer of 247, the boy was named Augustus and co-ruler, even though he was probably not yet 10 years old. His mother, Otacilia Severa, is last named on coins in the year 248, leading to speculation that she may have died in that year. Nothing is known of the emperor's brother Priscus after the outbreak of Iotapianus' revolt: and it seems likely that he died either naturally or as a result of the uprising.

Defeat and Death
Iotapianus was eventually defeated and killed in the East, as was Pacatianus along the Danube. To restore discipline among the Danubian troops, Philip sent as the new commander Decius, a native of the region. The appointment proved a dangerous blunder. The disgruntled soldiers, still eager for decisive leadership and decisive victories, revolted yet again in the late spring of 249 and proclaimed Decius emperor. Philip marched out from Rome to face the approaching troops of Decius. In late summer, the two armies met outside Verona. Philip's troops were bested, and the emperor either died in the battle or was assassinated by his troops. When news of Philip's defeat and death reached Rome, the praetorian guard murdered Philip's son and colleague.

Philip the Arabian remains an enigmatic figure because different authors evaluated his reign with wildly divergent interpretations. Christian authors of late antiquity praised the man they regarded as the first Christian emperor. Pagan historians saw Philip as indecisive, treacherous and weak. Our lack of detailed knowledge about the reign makes any analysis highly speculative. Nonetheless, Philip's provincial and administrative background represents continuity with features of Severan government. His career has its closest parallel with that of Macrinus, an equestrian from the provinces who, a quarter of a century earlier, capped an administrative career by moving from the office of praetorian prefect to that of emperor. In the struggle to maintain legitimacy, Philip faced revolts and upheavals in several corners of the empire. He was able to overcome these challenges for half a decade. The empire remained fundamentally sound and stable during his reign. The great disruptions of the third century were yet to come.

Copyright (C) 1999, Michael L. Meckler
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.

Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
Cleisthenes
   
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