| Image search results - "Uncia" |
Uncia - 217-215 BC - Rome mint
Anonymous
Obv.: Helmeted head of Roma left, pellet behind.
Rev.:Prow right, ROMA above, pellet below.
Gs. 12,4 mm. 25,43
Crawf. 38/6, Sear RCV 615.
Maxentius
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Æ Semuncia - Anonymous - 217-215 B.C.
Obv.: Head of Mercury right wearing petasos
Rev.: Prow of galley right; ROMA above.
Gs. 4 mm. 18,80x19,85
Crawford 38/7; Sear RCV 620, Grueber 129.
Maxentius
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AE Semuncia - Anonymous - 217/215 B.C.
Obv.:Head of Mercury right wearing petasos
Rev.: Prow of galley right; ROMA above.
Gs. 4,7 mm. 19,64x19,95
Crawford 38/7; Sear RCV 620, Grueber 129.
Maxentius
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38Anonymous; c.217 BC
AE semuncia
Obv - Head of Mercury right wearing petasus
Rev "ROMA"
Prow right
Rome mint
Crawford 38/7mauseus
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01-09 - Semi Uncia Emision Anonima (211 - 206 A.C.)AE Semi Uncia 18 mm 3.9 gr
Anv: Cabeza de Mercurio vistiendo petasos alado viendo a derecha - Sin marca de valor.
Rev: Proa de galera a derecha - "ROMA" arriba.
Ceca: Roma
Referencias: Sear RCTV Vol.1 #1360 Pag.257 - Craw RRC #56/8 - Syd CRR #143f - BMCRR #277mdelvalle
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01-09 - Semi Uncia Emision Anonima (211 - 206 A.C.)AE Semi Uncia 18 mm 3.9 gr
Anv: Cabeza de Mercurio vistiendo petasos alado viendo a derecha - Sin marca de valor.
Rev: Proa de galera a derecha - "ROMA" arriba.
Ceca: Roma
Referencias: Sear RCTV Vol.1 #1360 Pag.257 - Craw RRC #56/8 - Syd CRR #143f - BMCRR #277mdelvalle
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0110 - Republic, QuartunciaRome mint, circa 217-215 BC
Head of Roma right, wearing a crested helmet
Prow of galey right, ROMA above
3,41 gr - 15 mm
Ref :RCV # 624
According to RCV, "the quartuncia is the smallest denomination of the Roman bronze coinage, and has been briefly produced during the semilibral weight standard. With the further decline in the weight of the bronze coinage after 215 BC, issue of the experimental quartuncia ceased."Potator II
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0129 - Republic, UnciaRome mint, c. 215-212
Head of Roma right wearing attic helmet, pellet behind
ROMA prow of galley right
9.08 gr
Ref : Crawford 41/10Potator II
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014/6 AES Grave UnciaAnonymous. AES Grave Uncia. 280-276 BC. (27.79g) Obv: Knucklebone; below, one pellet (indistinct). Rev: Central pellet in high relief.
Crawford 14/6; Sydenham 13Paddy
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026/3 Litra or 1/8 ounceAnonymous. Æ Litra or 1/8 ounce. Rome. 234-231 BC. ( 3.43g, 15mm, 5h) Obv: Laureate head of Apollo right Rev: Horse rearing left, wearing bridle, bit, and reins; ROMA below.
Crawford 26/3; Sydenham 29 (Half-litra); Kestner 56-65; BMCRR Romano-Campanian 70-74 (Half-litra)
This coin is attributed as a Litra by Crawford, others define it as half-litra. However, it could be argued that "1/8 ounce piece" is the better description.
First of all, on litra and half-litra:
"According to Crawford, the weight standard of the series 26 litra and half litra are based on a litra of 3.375 grams . The half litra in Crawford is described as having a dog on the reverse rather than a horse, and the average weight of the half litra of several specimens is described as 1.65 grams. BMCRR does refer to these as half litrae; but keep in mind that Grueber was writing circa 1900 and based on older scholarship. Sydenham was writing in the 1950s. Of the three major works cited, Crawford is the most current and likely based on a greater number of more recent finds."
Andrew Mccabe:
"It's very doubtful to me that the word "litra" is correct. Much more likely, these small bronze coins were simply fractions of the Aes Grave cast coinage system, as they come in weights of 1/4, 1/8 and 1/16 ounce, and the Aes Grave coinage generally had denominations from As down to Semuncia (1/2 ounce). So this coin would be 1/8 ounce coin. That's my view, which differs from their long term designation as "Litra", which presume them to be overvalued token bronze coinage on the Sicilian model, whereby bronze coins had value names that indicate a relationship to the silver coinage.
Litra, the word, is from the same stem as Libra, i.e. pound, would suggest a denomination of a (light) Sicilian pound of bronze, which sometimes equates in value to a small silver coin in Sicily weighing about 1/12 didrachm (about 0.6 grams) so by this definition, a Litra = an Obol. But it hardly stands up to scrutiny that such a tiny bronze coin, weighing 3.375 grams, could have been equivalent to a 0.6 gram silver obol. It would imply a massive overvaluation of bronze that just does not seem credible.
So. throw out the Litras, and call these coins 1/8 ounce pieces, and I think we have a sensible answer."
Paddy
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027 BC-14 AD - AUGUSTUS AE quadrans - struck 5 BCobv: GALVS.MESSALLA.III.VIR
rev: SISENNA.APRONIVS.AAA.FF / S.C.
ref: RIC I 443, C.352
mint: Rome, 3.03gms, 16mm
Moneyers Apronius, Galus, Messalla, and Sisena.
The quadrans (literally meaning "a quarter") was a low-value Roman bronze coin worth 1/4th of an as. After ca. 90 BC, when bronze coinage was reduced to the semuncial standard, the quadrans became the lowest-valued coin in production.berserker
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038/07 AE SemiunciaAnonymous. AE Semiuncia. Rome Mint. c. 217-215. (5,2 g, 19 mm) Obv: Head of Mercury right, wearing winged petasus. Rev: ROMA Prow right.
BMC 129-161 and 163-165; Crawford 38/7
Paddy
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1. Æ Aes Grave TriensAnonymous. Circa 280-276 BC. Æ Aes Grave Triens (49mm, 106.35 gm). Thunderbolt; four pellets across field / Dolphin swimming right; four pellets below. Thurlow-Vecchi 3; Crawford 14/3; Haeberlin pl. 39, 7-10. VF, green patina.
Ex Cng Sale 100 lot 105 310/300
The triens (plural trientes) was an Ancient Roman bronze coin produced during the Roman Republic valued at one-third of an as (4 unciae).ecoli
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217-215 BC Roman Republic AE Semi uncia The semuncia (Latin half-ounce) was an ancient Roman bronze coin valued at one-twenty-fourth of an as produced during the Roman Republic. It was made during the beginning of Roman cast bronze coinage as the lowest valued denomination. The most common obverse types were a bust of Mercury or an acorn (occasionally marked with Σ), and the most common reverse types were a prow or a caduceus. It was issued until ca. 210 BC, at about the time the same time as the denarius was introduced.
Cr. 38/7
217-215 BC
Obverse: Head of Mercury right, wearing winged petasus
Reverse: ROMA above prow right
From Ebay(UK seller - George Clegg)
Check
ecoli
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308Anonymous; c.108 BC
AE uncia
Obv Helmeted head of Roma right
Rev "ROMA"
Double cornucopiae
Rome mint
Crawford 308/4bmauseus
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703a, Tiberius, 19 August 14 - 16 March 37 A.D., Tribute Penny of Matthew 22:20-21Silver denarius, RIC I 30, RSC II 16a, SRCV 1763, gVF, Lugdunum mint, 3.837g, 18.7mm, 90o, 16 - 37 A.D.; obverse TI CAESAR DIVI AVG F AVGVSTVS, laureate head right; reverse PONTIF MAXIM, Pax/Livia seated right holding scepter and branch, legs on chair ornamented, feet on footstool; toned. Ex FORVM.
De Imperatoribus Romanis
An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors
Tiberius (A.D. 14-37)
Garrett G. Fagan
Pennsylvania State University
Introduction
The reign of Tiberius (b. 42 B.C., d. A.D. 37, emperor A.D. 14-37) is a particularly important one for the Principate, since it was the first occasion when the powers designed for Augustus alone were exercised by somebody else. In contrast to the approachable and tactful Augustus, Tiberius emerges from the sources as an enigmatic and darkly complex figure, intelligent and cunning, but given to bouts of severe depression and dark moods that had a great impact on his political career as well as his personal relationships.
. . . .
Early life (42-12 B.C.)
Tiberius Claudius Nero was born on 16 November 42 B.C. to Ti. Claudius Nero and Livia Drusilla. Both parents were scions of the gens Claudia which had supplied leaders to the Roman Republic for many generations. . . [I]n 39 B.C., his mother Livia divorced Ti. Claudius Nero and married Octavian, thereby making the infant Tiberius the stepson of the future ruler of the Roman world. Forever afterward, Tiberius was to have his name coupled with this man, and always to his detriment.
. . . .
Accession and Early Reign (A.D. 14 - 23)
The accession of Tiberius proved intensely awkward. After Augustus had been buried and deified, and his will read and honored, the Senate convened on 18 September to inaugurate the new reign and officially "confirm" Tiberius as emperor. Such a transfer of power had never happened before, and nobody, including Tiberius, appears to have known what to do. Tacitus's account is the fullest. . . Rather than tactful, he came across to the senators as obdurate and obstructive. He declared that he was too old for the responsibilities of the Principate, said he did not want the job, and asked if he could just take one part of the government for himself. The Senate was confused, not knowing how to read his behavior. Finally, one senator asked pointedly, "Sire, for how long will you allow the State to be without a head?" Tiberius relented and accepted the powers voted to him, although he refused the title "Augustus."
. . . .
Tiberius allowed a trusted advisor to get too close and gain a tremendous influence over him. That advisor was the Praetorian Prefect, L. Aelius Sejanus, who would derail Tiberius's plans for the succession and drive the emperor farther into isolation, depression, and paranoia.
Sejanus (A.D. 23-31)
Sejanus hailed from Volsinii in Etruria. He and his father shared the Praetorian Prefecture until A.D. 15 when the father, L. Seius Strabo, was promoted to be Prefect of Egypt, the pinnacle of an equestrian career under the Principate. Sejanus, now sole Prefect of the Guard, enjoyed powerful connections to senatorial houses and had been a companion to Gaius Caesar on his mission to the East, 1 B.C. - A.D. 4. Through a combination of energetic efficiency, fawning sycophancy, and outward displays of loyalty, he gained the position of Tiberius's closest friend and advisor.
. . . .
[I]n a shocking and unexpected turn of events, [a] letter sent by Tiberius from Capri initially praised Sejanus extensively, and then suddenly denounced him as a traitor and demanded his arrest. Chaos ensued. Senators long allied with Sejanus headed for the exits, the others were confused -- was this a test of their loyalty? What did the emperor want them to do? -- but the Praetorian Guard, the very troops formerly under Sejanus's command but recently and secretly transferred to the command of Q. Sutorius Macro, arrested Sejanus, conveyed him to prison, and shortly afterwards executed him summarily. A witch-hunt followed. . . All around the city, grim scenes were played out, and as late as A.D. 33 a general massacre of all those still in custody took place.
Tiberius himself later claimed that he turned on Sejanus because he had been alerted to Sejanus's plot against Germanicus's family. This explanation has been rejected by most ancient and modern authorities, since Sejanus's demise did nothing to alleviate that family's troubles.
. . . .
The Last Years (A.D. 31-37)
The Sejanus affair appears to have greatly depressed Tiberius. A close friend and confidant had betrayed him; whom could he trust anymore? His withdrawal from public life seemed more complete in the last years. Letters kept him in touch with Rome, but it was the machinery of the Augustan administration that kept the empire running smoothly. Tiberius, if we believe our sources, spent much of his time indulging his perversities on Capri.
. . . .
Tiberius died quietly in a villa at Misenum on 16 March A.D. 37. He was 78 years old. There are some hints in the sources of the hand of Caligula in the deed, but such innuendo can be expected at the death of an emperor, especially when his successor proved so depraved. The level of unpopularity Tiberius had achieved by the time of his death with both the upper and lower classes is revealed by these facts: the Senate refused to vote him divine honors, and mobs filled the streets yelling "To the Tiber with Tiberius!" (in reference to a method of disposal reserved for the corpses of criminals).
Tiberius and the Empire
Three main aspects of Tiberius's impact on the empire deserve special attention: his relative military inertia; his modesty in dealing with offers of divine honors and his fair treatment of provincials; and his use of the Law of Treason (maiestas).
. . . .
Conclusion
. . . Tiberius's reign sporadically descended into tyranny of the worst sort. In the right climate of paranoia and suspicion, widespread denunciation led to the deaths of dozens of Senators and equestrians, as well as numerous members of the imperial house. In this sense, the reign of Tiberius decisively ended the Augustan illusion of "the Republic Restored" and shone some light into the future of the Principate, revealing that which was both promising and terrifying.
[For the entire article please refer to http://www.roman-emperors.org/tiberius.htm]
Copyright © 1997, Garrett G. Fagan. Used by permission.
"Some of the things he did are hard to believe. He had little boys trained as minnows to chase him when he went swimming and to get between his legs and nibble him. He also had babies not weaned from their mother breast suck at his chest and groin . . . "
(Suetonius. The Twelve Caesars. Trans. Robert Graves. London: Penguin Books, 1979. XLIV).
Jesus, referring to a "penny" asked, "Whose is this image and superscription?" When told it was Caesar, He said, ''Render therefore unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's and unto God the things that are God's" (Matthew 22:20-21). Since Tiberius was Caesar at the time, this denarius type is attributed by scholars as the "penny" referred to in the Bible(Joseph Sermarini).
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
Cleisthenes
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703b, Tiberius, 19 August 14 - 16 March 37 A.D., Hierapolis, PhrygiaBronze AE 16, RPC I 2966 (1 specimen), F, Phrygia, Hierapolis, 3.300g, 15.6mm, 0o; Obverse: TIBEPIOC KAISAR, laureate head right; Reverse: IERAPOLEITWN ZOSIMOS [...], Apollo Archegetes (Lairbenos) standing left, playing lyre; reverse countermarked with star of six rays, in oval punch, 2.5 x 3.5 mm, Howgego 445 (3 pcs, 1 of which from this magistrate); dark patina; very rare. Ex FORVM.
De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families
TIBERIUS (A.D. 14-37)
Garrett G. Fagan
Pennsylvania State University
The reign of Tiberius Claudius Nero (b. 42 B.C., d. A.D. 37, emperor A.D. 14-37) is a particularly important one for the Principate, since it was the first occasion when the powers designed for Augustus alone were exercised by somebody else. In contrast to the approachable and tactful Augustus, Tiberius emerges from the sources as an enigmatic and darkly complex figure, intelligent and cunning, but given to bouts of severe depression and dark moods that had a great impact on his political career as well as his personal relationships. His reign abounds in contradictions. Despite his keen intelligence, he allowed himself to come under the influence of unscrupulous men who, as much as any actions of his own, ensured that Tiberius's posthumous reputation would be unfavorable; despite his vast military experience, he oversaw the conquest of no new region for the empire; and despite his administrative abilities he showed such reluctance in running the state as to retire entirely from Rome and live out his last years in isolation on the island of Capri. His reign represents, as it were, the adolescence of the Principate as an institution. Like any adolescence, it proved a difficult time.
. . . .
It is all but inevitable that any historical assessment of Tiberius will quickly devolve into a historiographical assessment of Tacitus. So masterful is Tacitus's portrayal of his subject, and so influential has it been ever since, that in all modern treatments of Tiberius, in attempting to get at the man, must address the issue of Tacitus's historiographical methods, his sources, and his rhetoric. The subject is too vast to address here, but some points are salient. Tacitus's methods, especially his use of innuendo and inference to convey notions that are essentially editorial glosses, makes taking his portrayal of Tiberius at face value inadvisable. Further, his belief in the immutable character of people -- that one's character is innate at birth and cannot be changed, although it can be disguised -- prevents him from investigating the possibility that Tiberius evolved and developed over his lifetime and during his reign. Instead, Tacitus's portrayal is one of peeling back layers of dissimulation to reach the "real" Tiberius lurking underneath.
Overall, Tiberius's reign can be said to show the boons and banes of rule by one man, especially a man as dark, awkward, and isolated as Tiberius. For the people of the provinces, it was a peaceful and well-ordered time. Governors behaved themselves, and there were no destructive or expensive wars. In the domestic sphere, however, the concentration of power in one person made all the greater the threat of misbehavior by ambitious satellites like Sejanus or foolish friends like Piso. Furthermore, if the emperor wished to remain aloof from the mechanics of power, he could do so. Administrators, who depended on him for their directions, could operate without his immediate supervision, but their dealings with a man like Sejanus could lead to disaster if that man fell from grace. As a result, although he was not a tyrant himself, Tiberius's reign sporadically descended into tyranny of the worst sort. In the right climate of paranoia and suspicion, widespread denunciation led to the deaths of dozens of Senators and equestrians, as well as numerous members of the imperial house. In this sense, the reign of Tiberius decisively ended the Augustan illusion of "the Republic Restored" and shone some light into the future of the Principate, revealing that which was both promising and terrifying.
[For the complete article please refer to http://www.roman-emperors.org/tiberius.htm]
By Garrett G. Fagan, Pennsylvania State University.
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.
Hierapolis in History
Usually said to be founded by Eumenes II, king of Pergamum (197-159 BC), Hierapolis may actually have been established closer to the 4th century BC by the Seleucid kings.
The name of the city may derive from Hiera, the wife of Telephus (son of Hercules and grandson of Zeus), the mythical founder of Pergamum. Or it may have been called the "sacred city" because of the temples located at the site. (The name Pamukkale is sometimes used just to refer to the white terraces, but the modern name of the whole area is also Pamukkale.)
With Colossae and Laodicea, Hierapolis became part of the tri-city area of the Lycus River valley. Hierapolis was located across the river from the other two cities and was noted for its textiles, especially wool. The city was also famous for its purple dye, made from the juice of the madder root.
The hot springs at Hierapolis (which still attract visitors today) were believed to have healing properties, and people came to the city to bathe in the rich mineral waters in order to cure various ailments.
Hierapolis was dedicated to Apollo Lairbenos, who was said to have founded the city. The Temple of Apollo that survives in ruins today dates from the 3rd century AD, but its foundations date from the Hellenistic period.
Also worshipped at Hierapolis was Pluto, god of the underworld, probably in relation to the hot gases released by the earth (see the Plutonium, below). The chief religious festival of ancient Hierapolis was the Letoia, in honor of the the goddess Leto, a Greek form of the Mother Goddess. The goddess was honoured with orgiastic rites.
Hierapolis was ceded to Rome in 133 BC along with the rest of the Pergamene kingdom, and became part of the Roman province of Asia. The city was destroyed by an earthquake in 60 AD but rebuilt, and it reached its peak in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD.
Famous natives of Hierapolis include the Stoic philosopher Epictetus (c.55-c.135 AD) and the philosopher and rhetorician Antipater. Emperor Septimus hired Antipater to tutor his sons Caracalla and Geta, who became emperors themselves.
Hierapolis had a significant Jewish population in ancient times, as evidence by numerous inscriptions on tombs and elsewhere in the city. Some of the Jews are named as members of the various craft guilds of the city. This was probably the basis for the Christian conversion of some residents of Hierapolis, recorded in Colossians 4:13.
In the 5th century, several churches as well as a large martyrium dedicated to St. Philip (see "In the Bible," below) were built in Hierapolis. The city fell into decline in the 6th century, and the site became partially submerged under water and deposits of travertine. It was finally abandoned in 1334 after an earthquake. Excavations began to uncover Hierapolis in the 19th century.
Hierapolis in the Bible
Hierapolis is mentioned only once in the Bible, when St. Paul praises Epaphras, a Christian from Colossae, in his letter to the Colossians. Paul writes that Epaphras "has worked hard for you and for those in Laodicea and in Hierapolis" (Colossians 4:12-13). Epaphras was probably the founder of the Christian community at Hierapolis.
Ancient tradition also associates Hierapolis with a biblical figure, reporting that Philip died in Hierapolis around 80 AD. However, it is not clear which Philip is menat. It could be Philip the Apostle, one of the original 12 disciples, who is said to have been martyred by upside-down crucifixion (Acts of Philip) or by being hung upside down by his ankles from a tree.
Or Philip could be Philip the Evangelist, a later disciple who helped with administrative matters and had four virgin-prophetess daughters (Acts 6:1-7; 21:8-9). Early traditions say this Philip was buried in Hierapolis along with his virgin daughters, but confusingly call him "Philip the Apostle"! In any case, it seems a prominent person mentioned in Acts did die in Hierapolis.
Sacred Destinations - Hierapolis-Pamukkale
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.Cleisthenes
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Aes Grave SextansAnonymous. 225-213 BC. Æ Aes Grave Sextans (29x20mm, 28.57 g, 12h). Uncertain mint in Umbria. Club / Two pellets (mark of value). Thurlow & Vecchi 172. Fine, green patina.
Ex CNG sale 220 lot 405 115/150
The sextans was an Ancient Roman bronze coin produced during the Roman Republic valued at one-sixth of an as (2 unciae).
ecoli
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Aes Grave Sextans Circa 269-266 BCThe sextans was an Ancient Roman bronze coin produced during the Roman Republic valued at one-sixth of an as (2 unciae). The most common design for the sextans was the bust of Mercury and two pellets (indicating two unciae) on the obverse and the prow of a galley on the reverse. Earlier types depicted a scallop shell, a caduceus, or other symbols on the obverse.
ROME. Circa 269-266 BC. Æ Aes Grave Sextans (31mm, 20.40 g). Exterior of cockle shell; two pellets / Interior of cockle shell. Thurlow-Vecchi 20; Crawford 21/5; Haeberlin pl. 28, 3-8. Fine, rough green patina.
Ex-CNG 125, lot 166, 88/100
Checkecoli
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AnonymousAnonymous. After 211 BC. Æ Triens (22mm, 7.34 g, 2h). Uncertain mint. Helmeted head of Minerva right; four pellets above / Prow of galley right; four pellets below. Crawford 56/4; Sydenham 143b. VF, dark green patina, minor porosity.
Ex A.K. Collection (Triton XII, 6 January 2009), lot 463 (part of).
Ex-CNG 219 lot 391 60/100
The triens (plural trientes) was an Ancient Roman bronze coin produced during the Roman Republic valued at one-third of an as (4 unciae). The most common design for the triens was the bust of Minerva and four pellets (indicating four unciae) on the obverse and the prow of a galley on the reverse. It was not a common denomination and was last struck c. 89 BC.
ecoli
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AnonymousAnonymous. After 211 BC. Æ Semis (23mm, 9.69 g, 7h). Uncertain mint. Laureate head of Saturn right; S behind / Prow of galley right; S above. Crawford 56/3; Sydenham 143a. VF, green patina, minor roughness.
Ex-CNG 219 lot 390 62/100
The semis (literally meaning half) was a small Roman bronze coin that was valued at half an as. During the Roman Republic, the semis was distinguished by an 'S' (indicating semis) or 6 dots (indicating a theoretical weight of 6 unciae). Some of the coins featured a bust of Saturn on the obverse, and the prow of a ship on the reverse.
Initially a cast coin, like the rest of Roman Republican bronzes, it began to be struck from shortly before the Second Punic War (218-204 BC). The coin was issued infrequently during the Roman Empire, and ceased to be issued by the time of Hadrian (117-138 AD).ecoli
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Anonymous AE Uncia struck circa 217-215 BC,Anonymous AE Uncia struck circa 217-215 BC,Ancient Aussie
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Anonymous Æ 17mm Quartuncia of Semilibral Standard; Head of helmeted Roma/ prowAnonymous Æ 17mm Quartuncia of Semilibral Standard. ca 234-215 BC. Head of Roma or Bellona right in crested attic helmet / ROMA above prow of galley right. Crawford 38/8, Sydenham 88.Podiceps
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Anonymous Æ Semuncia; Mercury/ ProwAnonymous. 217-215 B.C. Æ Semuncia. Head of Mercury right wearing petasos / Prow of galley right; ROMA above. Crawford 38/7; Sydenham 87.Podiceps
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Anonymous Æ Semuncia; Turreted female r. / Horse & naked riderAnonymous. 217-215 BC. Æ Semuncia. Turreted female bust right (Cybele?), wearing drapery and necklace / Naked rider, holding whip, on horse prancing right; ROMA below. Crawford 39/5; Sydenham 97; BMC 136.Podiceps
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ANONYMOUS ROMAN REPUBLIC Æ UnciaObv.: Helmeted head of Roma left, pellet behind
Rev.: Galley prow right, ROMA above, pellet below
Rome mint, 217-215 BC
25mm, 8.8g, 3h
Reference: Crawford 38/6, Sydenham 86 , BMC 88
Ex JAZ NumismaticsLegatus
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Anonymous Semuncia Roman Republic, anonymous, semilibral standard, 217-215 BC.,
Æ Semuncia ( ca. 20 mm / ca. 5-6 g),
Obv.: Head of Mercury r., wearing winged petasus.
Rev.: ROMA , above prora r.
Crawford 38/7 ; Sydenham 87 ; BMC 129 .
Tanit
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Anonymous UnciaAnonymous Uncia
RRC: 18/6
275-270 bc
22,10 gr
AV: Barley-grain; pellet to l.
RV: Barley-grain; pellet to r.
ex
Numismatica Ars Classica, Zurich | Auction 114 - Part II | 7 May 2019 | Los 1242Norbert
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Anonymous Æ Semuncia
Anonymous Æ Semuncia. Rome, 217-215 BC. Bust of Mercury right, wearing winged petasos / Prow of galley right; ROMA above.
Much better in hand and not easy to photograph for me, but I'm happy with the coin :) Randygeki(h2)
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Anonymous, 217-215 BCAE Quartuncia, 15.2mm, 2.56g.
Obv.: Head of Saturn right.
Rev.: ROMA - Prow, right .
Reference: Crawford 38/8.
Notes: Ex - RBW, Ex - Hendin, sold Aleg 1/24/16John Anthony
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Anonymous, AE Uncia (after 217 B.C.), Rome, Republic AE-25, Crawford 38-6, Prow of galley right, #1Anonymous, AE Uncia (after 217 B.C.), Rome, Republic AE-25, Crawford 38-6, Prow of galley right, #1
avers: Helmeted head of Roma left, one pellet (mark of value) behind the neck.
reverse: ROMA, Prow of galley right, one pellet (mark of value) below.
exergue: ROMA//•, diameter: 24,5-26,0mm, weight: 12,81g, axis: 0h,
mint: Rome, Sicily, date: after 217-215 B.C., ref: Crawford 38-6, Syd 86, BMC 88,
Q-001quadrans
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Anonymous, Quartuncia circa 217-215Anonymous, Quartuncia circa 217-215
RRC: 38/8
217 bc
2,92 gr
AV: Helmeted head of Roma r
RV: ROMA Prow r.
ex Naville Numismatics, NN Live Auction 48, Lot 323, 07.04.2019
Norbert
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Anonymous, Semuncia circa 217-215Anonymous, Semuncia circa 217-215
RRC: 38/7
217 bc
7,17 gr
AV: Head of Mercury r., wearing winged petasus.
RV: ROMA Prow r
ex Naville Numismatics, NN Live Auction 48, Lot 322, 07.04.2019
Norbert
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Anonymous, Sicily, 214-212 BC. Æ19 Uncia.Obv: Helmeted head of Roma r.
Rev: Prow r. above ROMA and corn ear.
Crawford 42/4.ancientone
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Anonymous. Circa 215-212 BC. Æ UnciaAnonymous (post-semilibral), Uncia,Roma, 215-212 BC, AE,
Reference.
Crawford 41/10; Sydenham 108.
Post Semi-Libral standard. Rome mint.
Obv. no legend
Helmeted head of Roma right ; behind, • (mark of value)
Rev. ROMA
Prow of galley right; • (mark of value) below.
5.71 gr
20 mm
Note. Andrew McCabe
They are always overstruck on captured Sicilian or Carthaginian coin, which explains the mashed up areas eg behind the head.okidoki
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Anonymous. Æ SemunciaAnonymous. Æ Semuncia
RRC: 38/7
27-215 b.c.
5,67 gr
Av: Head of Mercury right, wearing winged petasus.
Rv: [R]OMA above, prow of galley right.
EX Ira & Larry Goldberg Coins & Collectibles, Inc., Auction 96, 14 - 15 February 2017, Lot 1922; as ex Numismatic Fine Arts/Bank Leu, 16-18 May 1984), 924 (part)Norbert
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Anonymus QuartunciaAnonymus Quartuncia
RRC 38/8; Mc Cabe group AA?
217-215 bc
16 mm ; 2,92 gr
Av: Helmeted head of Roma r
Rv: Prow r, ROMA above
Ex Numismatica Ars Classica, Zurich | Auction 92 - Part II | 24 May 2016 Norbert
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Antioch in Syria, era of Hadrian, ca. 117 - 138 AD. AE 11 - 14mmAntioch in Syria, era of Hadrian, ca. 117 - 138 AD.
bronze uncia (1/4 obol)
Obv. no legend, laureate head right, border of dots;
Rev. large S C in wreath, Greek letter below, all within border of dots
Ref. , Butcher 239a - 248; Vagi 1379, RIC II 629bLee S
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Apulia, LuceriaAE Quincunx
26.64mm, 17.37grams
211-200 BC
Helmeted head of Minerva right, 5 pellets above
Wheel with 8 spokes L-OVCERI between spokes.
SNG ANS 699
The quincunx was originally a coin issued by the Roman Republic c. 211–200 BC, whose value was five twelfths (quinque and uncia) of an as, the Roman standard bronze coin. On the Roman quincunx coins, the value was sometimes indicated by a pattern of five dots or pellets. However, these dots were not always arranged in a quincunx pattern.
JBGood
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Apulia. TeateApulia, Teate, Uncia, c. 225-220 BC; AE; Head of Athena r., wearing crested Corinthian helmet, Rv. TIATI, owl standing r. with closed wings; below one pellet. Dotted border. HNItaly 702d; SNG Copenhagen -; SNG ANS 752.ecoli
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Aurelian Billon Antoninianus 270-275 ADOBV: IMP AURELIANUS AVG; Radiate and Cuirassed bust Rt
REV: VIRTUS MILITUM; Emperor standing left holding spear and globe receiving victory from a soldier carrying transverse spear.
EXERGUE: T (3rd officina)
Milan mint, Not in RIC but listed as Goebl 62b3, rated scarce (personal communciation from Dane Kurth) Also, my first contribution to the Wildwinds databasedaverino
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BCC LW18 Lead Weight 1/2 OUNGIA or SemiunciaLead Weight
Late Roman to Early Byzantine
1/2 OUNGIA / Semiuncia
Roughly square, cast lead weight with
straight sides, nearly flat surfaces, and
no obvious mark of denomination.
Obv: Vaguely Λ-shaped incised line
which may or may not be a random
scratch. Rev: Blank.
Pb19 x 19 x 4mm. 13.65gm.
cf. L. Holland WWOCM (Weights and
Weight-like Objects from Caesarea
Maritima) #109 (1 OUNGIA) or #42
(undetermined Graeco-Roman type).
Surface find Caesarea Maritima, ca. 1970's
J. Berlin Caesarea Collectionv-drome
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BCC M10Hadrian 117-138 CE
Antioch ad Orontes, Syria
AE Chalkous
Obv: No legend. Laureate and
cuirassed bust of Hadrian, right,
with paludamentum.
Rev: SC, within wreath in ex. Γ
8.75mm 1.12 gram Axis: 0
RPC III 3707
Surface find Caesarea Maritima, 1970's
J. Berlin Caesarea Collection
Also listed as BCC RGP62 (Provincial Collection).
These tiny coins are found quite
commonly at Caesarea Maritima and
are generally assumed to be official issues
of the mint of Antioch.v-drome
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BCC m11-15Five Minute Coins
from Caesarea Maritima
2nd-3rd cent. CE
OBV: bust of Hercules rt.
REV: various: Boar, wolf,
bull or dog std. right.
in ex. SC, dots, or blank.
The coin on the left, an uncia inscribed [IMP
CAES TRAIA]N AVG GERM, may be the
prototype for these minimae which
Hamburger assigns to the mint at Caesarea.
AE 12.5-7.0 mm. 1.9-0.4 g.
similar to Hamburger #35-58
Atiqot Vol.1 1954/56v-drome
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BCC RGP64 Hadrian Antioch MinimaHadrian 117-138 CE
Antioch ad Orontes, Syria
AE "Chalkous" or "Uncia"
Obv: No legend. Laureate and
cuirassed bust of Hadrian, right,
with paludamentum.
Rev: SC, within wreath in ex. Γ
Very worn, with red and black patina.
10.0mm. 0.69gm. Axis:300 (10hr)
RPC III 3707
Surface find Caesarea Maritima, 1970's
J. Berlin Caesarea Collection
These tiny coins are frequently found
along the beach near the ancient city
of Caesarea Maritima and are generally
presumed to be official issues of the mint
at Antioch, though some believe they may
have been minted at Rome for use in the East.v-drome
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BCC RGP65 Hadrian Antioch MinimaHadrian 117-138 CE
Antioch ad Orontes, Syria
AE "Chalkous" or "Uncia"
Obv: No legend. Laureate and
cuirassed bust of Hadrian, right,
with paludamentum.
Rev: SC, within wreath in ex. Z
9.25mm. 1.03gm. Axis:120 (4hr)
RPC III 3711
Surface find Caesarea Maritima, 1970's
J. Berlin Caesarea Collection
These tiny coins are frequently found
along the beach near the ancient city
of Caesarea Maritima and are generally
presumed to be official issues of the mint
at Antioch, though some believe they may
have been minted at Rome for use in the East.v-drome
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Brettian League: The Bretti, AE Reduced Uncia.Bruttium 211-208 B.C. 7.94g - 22mm, Axis 3h.
Obv: Laureate head of Zeus right.
Rev: BΡETTIΩN - Naked warrior advancing, holding shield and spear; bucranium below shield.
Ref: Scheu, Bronze 45; HNItaly 1988; SNG ANS 107.
Provenance: Chris Scarlioli Collection.Christian Scarlioli
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Bruttium UnciaLaureate and bearded head of Zeus right.
BPET-TIΩN
Eagle standing left with open wings; at left cornucopiae, above double-axe.
214-211 BC
7.69g
HN Italy 1978
Ebay, From the Tony Hardy collection #999
Jay GT4
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Bruttium UnciaLaureate and bearded head of Zeus right.
BPET-TIΩN
Eagle standing left with open wings; at left cornucopiae, above double-axe.
214-211 BC
8.30g
Scheu 13; SNG ANS 44; HN Italy 1978
Ex-EbayJay GT4
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Bruttium, eagle with a lean figureBrettii, Bruttium, Italy, c. 216 - 214 B.C. Bronze reduced uncia, SNG ANS 44, HN Italy 1978, 7.142g, 21.8mm, 270o, c. 216 - 214 B.C.; obverse laureate head of Zeus right; reverse BRET-TIWN, eagle standing left, wings open, cornucopia left; green patina; ex FORVMPodiceps
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Byzantine coin weight semuncia/3 NomismatPlain both sides
18mm by 18mm by 3mm, 13.63gwileyc
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Byzantine trade weight, 1 unciaplain all sides
25mm, 9-18mm taper, 23.71gwileyc
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Byzantine? coin weight, Semuncia/3 nomismatS one side
14mm by 14mm by 6mm, 13.78gwileyc
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C. Censorinus. 88 BC. Æ As.C. Censorinus. 88 BC. Æ As. Semuncial standard. Rome mint. Jugate heads of Numa Pompilius and Ancus Marcius / Two arches; beneath left arch, a spiral column surmounted by statue of Victory; protruding from right arch, prow right; crescent above prow. Crawford 346/3 (citing 20 specimens in Paris); Sydenham 716. Podiceps
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Cr 18/6 Cast Æ UnciaRome, c. 270 b.c.e.
o: Barley-grain; pellet to l.
r: Barley-grain; pellet to r.
25mm, 26.65gm, 6h
The "Apollo/Apollo" group, not quite the earliest Roman bronze. The "uncia" or ounce being 1/12th of the Roman pound. This specimen, though having some corrosion, comes rather close to a pound of 320 grams. It also shows the shape of the cast rather distinctly. If we had more photo options, I would show the (ancient) sprue mark and bevel of the cast more clearly.PMah
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Cr 21/6 Anonymous "Roma/Roma" series Æ cast Unciac. 269-266 b.c.e. Rome
o: Knucklebone seen from outside
r: Knucklebone seen from inside
Vecchi ICC 46
18.27 gm, 25.00 mm
The knucklebone, used for divination and gaming, is a persistent feature of early Italian coinage, appearing as actual life-sized formed bronze pieces a century or more earlier. This series repeated the types of the bronze fractions almost exactly from the earlier "Dioscuri/Mercury" series, Cr 14 (of which some types in this gallery at some point), on a slightly lower weight standard (~265 gm vs. ~ 322 gm).
This specimen is rather well preserved; the missing metal presumably stayed on the casting sprue when cracked off.PMah
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Cr 35/6 Æ cast UnciaRome, c. 225-217 b.c.e.
o: Head of Roma left, wearing Attic helmet; to right, pellet (value).
r: Prow right; below, pellet (value).
19.50 gm, 26.00 mm
An "ounce" of the "pound".
This specimen, although it has been around the block a few times and lost quite a bit of mass, would still represent a notional As of over 235 gms, which would be within the expected standard for this notional "pound" issue. PMah
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Cr 38/7 AE Semuncia Anonymous c. 217-215 BCE (19.5mm., 6.09g)
o: Head of Mercury r., wearing winged petasus
r: ROMA Prow r.
Sydenham 87. RBW 101. Crawford 38/7.PMah
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Cr 38/7 AE Semuncia Anonymous circa 217-215 BCE. Rome (19mm., 7,43g.)
o: Head of Mercury right, wearing winged petasos
r: Prow right, ROMA above
Crawford 38/7; RBW 100.PMah
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Cr 38/7 - Semiuncia Anonymous Æ Semuncia
Rome mint. Circa 217-215 BC. (21mm, 6.65 g, 12h).
Head of Mercury right, wearing winged petasos / Prow of galley right.
Crawford 38/7; Sydenham 87. VF, emerald green patina, scattered pits.
Property of Princeton Economics acquired by Martin Armstrong.
Ex CNG - Nov. 2013Sosius
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Cr 39/4 Æ Uncia Anonymousc. 217-215 B.C.E. Rome
Radiate and draped facing bust of Sol; • (value) to left
Crescent; two stars and • (value) above; ROMA below
24mm 12.47 gm
ex. McCabe; ex RBW
This large "unit" of the semilibral standard comes from the series sometimes also described as "collateral", "anomalous", and, painfully, "anomalous anonymous". Crawford identified only struck bronzes from Triens to Semuncia for this issue. There are no clearly-associated cast bronze larger denominations, with the nearest-dated such cast types having more directly-related struck smaller denominations.
Yet, this series demonstrates the last great gasp of creativity in Republican bronze, no Prows in sight and without standardized presentations of the soon-to-be-rigid obverse gods.
Although not rare, these interesting types do not show up in every sale. This specimen has a bit of roughness but also a wonderful strike.PMah
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Cr 41/11 Anonymous Æ Semunciac. 212-215
Head of Mercury r. Rev. ROMA Prow r.
18.5mm, 4.76 gm
Part of the vast Crawford 41 Anonymous group, I think this falls into McCabe group A1. The photo is a bit light for close reading, my apologies.
I like this coin for the fine centering. PMah
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Cr 56/2 AE As AnonymousAfter 211 BCE
(32.57 mm, 42.11 g, 5 h). Uncial standard. Rome mint
o: Laureate head of bearded Janus; I above
r: ROMA, prow of galley right; I above
Crawford 56/2; Sydenham 143.
No great beauty, but one accumulates Cr 56 series. Any more specific attribution assistance would be appreciated.PMah
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Cr 56/7 Æ Uncia Anonymous After 211 BCE. (18mm, 5.38 g, 10h). Rome mint.
o: Helmeted head of Roma right; • (mark of value) behind
r: Prow of galley right; • (mark of value) below.
Crawford 56/7; Sydenham 143e
PMah
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Cr 85/7 AE Uncia Anonymous "H" Series South East Italy, c. 211-210 BCE
o: Helmeted head of Roma right; behind, pellet
r: ROMA. Prow right; before, H; below, pellet.
4.01 gm 17.50 mm
The key "H" symbol on the reverse is not easy to see in this somewhat washed out photo, but it is there. The H series is somewhat rare.
McCabe attributes the H series to Venusia in Apulia. (The Roman Bronze Coinage struck in Apulia and South East Italy in the Second Punic War, in Proceedings XV International Numismatic Congress (2015)) There are multiple slightly varying styles within the H series.PMah
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Cr 97/7c AE Uncia Anonymous Bronze Uncia Luceria mint, 211 - 206 B.C.E. (4.316g, maximum diameter 17.9mm, die axis 45o)
o: helmeted head of Roma right, pellet (mark of value) behind
r: ROMA, galley prow right, ROMA above, L and pellet (mark of value) below;
scarce
Crawford 97/7c, Sydenham 304, BMCRR Italy 173, SRCV I 1320
PURCHASED FROM FORUM ANCIENT COINSPMah
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Cr 206/1 AR Denarius S Afra150 BCE Rome mint
o: Helmeted head of Roma right, X behind
r: Victory in biga right, SAFRA below horses, ROMA in exergue
Afrania 1 3.67 gm 19.00 mm
A "controversial" coin, if one is a bit of a pedant. Both Crawford and Sear note that the absence of a period/dot/stop after the "S" must lead to the conclusion that this is not issued by a "Spurius Afranius", but rather someone else. Indeed, Sear, due to his system, repeats the assertion for each of the seven types in this issue, from denarius to uncia, using up roughly a half-page of type, net. However, Sear makes no attempt to identify "S Afra", and Crawford cops out with "Safra" representing an unknown cognomen. I personally find it a bit difficult to hang such an argument on the absence of a dot but disregarding a usually distinct space between S and A. The Afranii were a fairly prolific bunch; one of them may have felt a need to be a bit hip-er than others. Plus, "Safra" does not seem to mean anything in Latin, which would be a bit unusual for a cognomen.
So, which explanation fits best: omission of a dot in a design versus a meaningless cognomen used by an unknown person who is not one of the members of a sound-alike gens that was sometimes of tertiary importance .....?
This coin is in wonderful condition for the type.PMah
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Cr 293/1 AR Denarius L. Philippus113 to 111-ish BCE
o: Head of Philip of Macedon right, wearing royal Macedonian helmet; under chin, Φ; behind, ROMA monogram
r: Equestrian statue right, base inscribed L. PHILIPPVS; below horse, flower; in exergue, XVI [mono]
Marcia 12. 3.92 gm 21.00 mm
The obverse oddly depicts Philip V of Macedon, sometime ally and sometime opponent of Rome, and seems to point to an earlier claim by the Marcii Philippi to a connection to the Macedonian dynasty. The reverse likely depicts a statue of another Marcius in the Roman Forum. There are monograms, flowers, and other elements to round out an array of meanings. The bronze issues, a quadrans and uncia, are also a bit busy and a bit scarcer.
This is a really nice coin, with a bit of deposit at 9:00 obverse, but I just can't get enthusiastic about the type.
PMah
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Crawford 038/5, ROMAN REPUBLIC, Anonymous (Semilibral) Series, AE SextansRome, The Republic.
Anonymous (Semilibral) Series, 217-215 BCE.
AE Sextans (24.25g; 31mm).
Rome Mint.
Obverse: Mercury facing right wearing petasus; ●● (mark-of-value=2 unciae), behind.
Reverse: Prow right; ROMA above; ●● (mark-of-value=2 unciae), below.
References: Crawford. 38/5; Sydenham 85; BMCRR 59.
Provenance: Ex Burgan Numismatique Auction (17 Nov 2017), Lot 102; ex Etienne Page Auction, Hotel Drouot (1972).
The economic hardship imposed by Hannibal’s invasion led to a rapid decline in the weight of Roman bronze coins, resulting in the adoption of a semi-libral bronze standard (AE As of ½ Roman pound) and eventual elimination of cast coins. From 217-215, Rome produced two, contemporaneous series of struck bronzes on this new, semi-libral weight standard. From hoard evidence, we know the first of the two series was Crawford 38, consisting of “prow” types derived from the libral and semi-libral prow Aes Grave (Crawford 35 and 36) that preceded it. These coins were almost certainly produced in Rome and likely also in satellite military mints as needed. The second series of struck semi-libral bronzes was the enigmatic Crawford 39 series, with its unusual types (see them in this gallery), production of which commenced after the start of the 38 Series prow-types (hoards containing 39s almost always include 38s) and produced in much smaller numbers than the huge 38 Series. The Crawford 38 series of struck bronzes, to which the above coin belongs, consisted of only four denominations: sextans, uncia, semuncia and quartuncia. In addition, Aes Grave production continued on a semi-libral basis for the As, Semis, Triens and Quadrans. Those Aes Grave denominations would later be replaced with struck coins when the weight standard reduced even further.
Carausius
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Crawford 039/2, ROMAN REPUBLIC, Collateral Semilibral Struck AE QuadransRome, The Republic.
Semilibral Reduction, 217-215 BC
AE Struck Quadrans (37.12g; 33mm)
Obv: Youthful hd of Hercules in boarskin r; three pellets (mark of value=3 unciae) behind
Rev: Bull leaping right, snake below; three pellets (mark of value = 3 unciae) above; ROMA below
Reference: Crawford 39/2; Sydenham 94
Provenance: Dr. W. Neussel Sen. (d. Dec. 1975) Collection [Peus Auction 420/421 (1 Nov 2017), Lot 65]
This coin is part of a short-lived series struck collateral to the standard prow types (Crawford 38) in 217-215 BC. The economic hardship on Rome imposed by Hannibal’s invasion led to a rapid decline in the weight of Roman bronze coins, resulting in the adoption of a semi-libral bronze standard (AE As of ½ Roman pound) and eventual elimination of cast coins. The Series 39 types and their relationship to contemporaneous Second Punic War events are interesting to ponder. Hercules is an important figure, appearing on two of the 10 available sides of the series. Likely this is a paradigm of Roman stregnth and heroism during the War. While Crawford attributes the 39 series to the Rome mint, I believe the types and fabric of the coins are inconsistent with the contemporaneous, Crawford 38 prow types which are also attributed to Rome.
Carausius
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Crawford 039/2, ROMAN REPUBLIC, Collateral Semilibral Struck AE QuadransRome, The Republic.
Anonymous, Semilibral Reduction, 217-215 BCE.
AE Struck Quadrans (38.77g; 31mm).
Uncertain Italian Mint.
Obverse: Youthful head of Hercules in boarskin headdress, facing right; three pellets (mark of value=3 unciae) behind.
Reverse: Bull leaping right, snake below; three pellets (mark of value = 3 unciae) above; ROMA below.
Reference: Crawford 39/2; Sydenham 94; BMCRR (Romano-Campanian) 116.
Provenance: Ex SKA/Credit Suisse (Bern) 7 (27-29 Apr 1987), Lot 656; Dr. Busso Peus Auction 300 (28 Oct 1980), Lot 206; Munz Zentrum Auktion XXX (21 Nov 1977) Lot 76; Signorelli Collection.
This coin is part of a short-lived, semi-libral series, struck collateral to the standard prow types (Crawford 38) in 217-215 BC. The economic hardship on Rome imposed by Hannibal’s invasion led to a rapid decline in the weight of Roman bronze coins, resulting in the adoption of a semi-libral bronze standard (AE As of ½ Roman pound) and eventual elimination of cast coins. The Series 39 types and their relationship to contemporaneous Second Punic War events are interesting to ponder. Hercules is an important figure, appearing on two of the 10 available sides of the series. Likely this is a paradigm of Roman strength and heroism during the War. While Crawford attributes this series to the Rome mint, I believe the types and fabric of the coins are inconsistent with the contemporaneous, Crawford 38 prow types which are also attributed to Rome.
Frequent visitors to my gallery may notice that this coin is a duplicate of a coin already in my collection. Indeed, I recently chose to upgrade my original specimen (viewable here: http://www.forumancientcoins.com/gallery/displayimage.php?pos=-143993 ) with this companion. The type is difficult to find as well preserved as this specimen, so when I saw this coin, I snatched it up. For now, I’ll keep them both. The pair illustrates the general fabric of this series – well made, conical flans, likely produced in open moulds; flat fields (struck from flat-planed dies); and generally low relief.
Carausius
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Crawford 039/4, ROMAN REPUBLIC, Collateral Semilibral Struck AE UnciaRome, The Republic.
Semilibral Reduction, 217-215 BC.
AE Struck Uncia (10.88g; 24mm).
Uncertain Mint.
Obverse: Facing draped bust of Sol; pellet (mark of value) to left.
Reverse: Crescent, two stars and pellet (mark of value) above; ROMA below.
References: Crawford 39/4; Sydenham 96; BMCRR (Romano-Campanian) 125-135.
Provenance: Triskeles 5 (27 June 2013), Lot 95; ex RBW Collection (not in prior sales); purchased privately from Ed Waddell in 1994.
This coin is part of a short-lived, collateral series struck contemporaneously with the standard prow types (Crawford 38) in 217-215 BC. The economic hardship on Rome imposed by Hannibal’s invasion led to a rapid decline in the weight of Roman bronze coins, resulting in the adoption of a semi-libral bronze standard (AE As of ½ Roman pound) and eventual elimination of cast coins.
In attributing the 39 series to the Rome mint, Crawford relied on the earlier analysis of Rudy Thomsen in “Early Roman Coins”. However, Thomsen’s analysis of the hoard evidence was flawed, in my opinion, because he included temple deposits north of Rome which deceptively widened the apparent circulation dispersal of this collateral series. Eliminating these temple deposits shows a clearer circulation focus south of Rome, in Campania. Also, the types and fabric of the coins are inconsistent with the contemporaneous, Crawford 38 prow types which are similarly attributed to Rome (and which do have Roman prototypes in the prow series Aes Grave). However, some of the unusual collateral types are copied by Campanian towns after their defection to Hannibal. Further study is needed.
Carausius
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Crawford 039/5, ROMAN REPUBLIC, Semilibral Reduction AE SemunciaRome, The Republic.
Anonymous, Semilibral Reduction, 217-215 BCE.
AE Struck Semuncia (6.03g; 20mm).
Uncertain Italian Mint.
Obverse: Turreted, draped female bust right.
Reverse: Rider on horseback holding whip and galloping right; ROMA below.
Reference: Crawford 39/5; Sydenham 97 (R4); BMCRR (Romano-Campanian) 136-138; R. Gobl, Antike Numismatik, pl. 1420 (this coin illustrated).
Provenance: Ex CB Collection (private purchase); SC Collection (bought from Richard Pearlman Dec 2015); Numismatic Fine Arts 17 (May 1976); Prof. Bonacini Collection [Rinaldi & Figlio FPL 1 (1942) Lot 4]; Sir Arthur Evans Collection [Ars Classica XVII (3 Oct 1934), Lot 1013]; Martini Collection [R. Ratto (24 Feb 1930) Lot 74].
This coin is part of a short-lived, semi-libral series, struck collateral to the standard prow types (Crawford 38) in 217-215 BC. The economic hardship on Rome imposed by Hannibal’s invasion led to a rapid decline in the weight of Roman bronze coins, resulting in the adoption of a semi-libral bronze standard (AE As of ½ Roman pound) and eventual elimination of cast coins. The Series 39 types appear quite propagandistic in the context of the Second Punic War. On the obverse of this coin, we have a female bust wearing a turreted crown, a device previously unseen on Roman coinage though frequently seen on eastern Greek coinage. The head may represent Roma, but more likely represents Cybele who protects people and cities during wartime. Cybele’s cult officially appeared in Rome circa 205-204 BCE. The reverse alludes to the cavalry’s importance in the war effort. The coin type would not be repeated in Roman bronze coinage; however a similar type AE Biunx (with horseman carrying spear rather than whip) was produced in Capua from 216-211 BCE, after the Capuans allied with Hannibal. While Crawford, relying on Rudy Thomsen’s analysis, attributes this series to the Rome mint, I believe the types and fabric of the coins are inconsistent with the contemporaneous, Crawford 38 prow types which are also attributed to Rome.
Carausius
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Crawford 041/10, ROMAN REPUBLIC, Anonymous Post Semi-Libral AE UnciaRome, The Republic.
Anonymous (Post Semi-libral Series), 215-212 BCE.
AE Uncia (7.87g; 24mm).
Rome Mint.
Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma facing right; pellet (mark-of-value) behind.
Reverse: Prow facing right; ROMA above; pellet (mark-of-value) below.
References: Crawford 41/10; McCabe Group A1; RBW 135.
Provenance: Ex Nomisma E-Live Auction 10 (18 Jun 2019) Lot 12.
This series is the second of the “prow” struck bronze series. It is most easily recognized by the left side of the prow device which has a clearly delineated edge, while on later series the left side of the prow appears to extend off the side of the coin. The series was issued during the Second Punic War and reflects the continued reduction in weight standard of the Roman bronze coinage during the conflict; this issue having occurred on the heels of the “semi-libral reduction” of 217-215 BCE. It would soon be followed by further weight reductions.
Carausius
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Crawford 041/9, ROMAN REPUBLIC, Post Semilibral AE Sextans OVER-STRUCK on Semilibral AE UnciaRome, The Republic.
Anonymous Post-Semilibral, 215-212 BCE.
AE Sextans (11.76g; 25mm) overstruck on AE Uncia.
Rome Mint.
Obverse: o/t: Head of Mercury wearing petasos, facing right; u/t: Prow facing right (not visible);
Reverse: o/t: Prow facing right; ROMA above; two pellets below. u/t: Head of Roma in crested helmet, facing left (remnants of crest visible below prow).
Over-type references: Crawford 41/9; Sydenham 107; BMCRR 72.
Under-type references: Crawford 38/6; Sydenham 86; BMCRR 88.
Overstrike references: Crawford Table XVIII, #18 (12 examples cited).
The economic hardship on Rome imposed by Hannibal’s invasion led to a rapid decline in the weight of Roman bronze coins, resulting in the adoption in about 217 BCE of a semi-libral bronze standard (AE As of ½ Roman pound) and eventual elimination of cast coins. Around 215 BCE, the weight standard was further reduced and continued reductions occurred thereafter. Because of the weight reductions and wartime exigency, Roman mints often overstruck earlier high-weight coins. It’s uncertain whether overstriking was merely a convenience to avoid producing new flans, or a potential money saving maneuver for the state as smaller denomination, early coins would be over-struck at a higher denomination. Thus, with the above coin, we see a Crawford 38 Uncia over-struck as a Sextans – thus doubling its denomination. The crest of Roma’s helmet from the obverse of the old Uncia remains visible beneath the ship’s prow on the reverse of the new Sextans.
Carausius
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Crawford 042/2, ROMAN REPUBLIC, Overstruck "Anonymous" Corn Ear AE QuadransRome, The Republic.
Corn Ear Series (No Corn Ear), 214-212 BCE.
AE Quadrans (16.76g; 29mm).
Obv: Head of Hercules right in boarskin; three pellets (mark of value = 3 unciae) behind.
Rev: Bull leaping over snake; three pellets (mark of value) above; ROMA below.
Reference: Crawford 42/2var (no corn ear): See Russo, Essays Hersh (1998) p. 141.
Provenance: ex Agora Auction 70 (21 Nov 2017) Lot 194; ex RBW Collection duplicate (not in prior sales); ex P. Vecchi Auction 6 (14 Sep 1981) Lot 245.
In "Roman Republican Coinage", Michael Crawford recognized many silver “symbol” Republican series for which there were parallel “anonymous” types omitting the symbols. This coin is an anonymous version (missing symbol) of the Corn Ear Quadrans of the Crawford 42 series, produced in Sicily. It is identical in style to the Sicilian Corn Ear coins and only misses the symbol. Roberto Russo wrote about these anonymous coins in his article “Unpublished Roman Republican Bronze Coins” (Essays Hersh, 1998), where he notes that the parallel issue of anonymous silver coins to series with symbols applies equally to the bronze coins. Andrew McCabe takes this approach much further in his article “The Anonymous Struck Bronze Coinage of the Roman Republic” (Essays Russo, 2013) in which he links many of the anonymous Republican bronzes to symbol series based on precise style considerations. The takeaway from all this is that for many of the Roman Republican symbol series of the late Second Punic War and early 2nd Century BCE, there are parallel anonymous series identifiable by style. The rationale for these parallel issues is unclear, though possibly related to (a) governmental approvals for the issue or (b) mint control of the precious metal source from which the issue was struck or (c) workshop identification.
This particular example is overstruck, showing particular evidence of the under-type on the reverse. Based on that evidence and weight of the coin, I’ve concluded the under-type a Hieron II AE Obol imitative of Ptolemy II. The edge of the reverse shows the hairline of Zeus as depicted on this Hieron II issue.
Carausius
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Crawford 043 (unlisted) and 97/5b, ROMAN REPUBLIC, L Series, AE Quadrans - EXTREMELY RARE!Rome, The Republic.
L Series, 214-212 BCE.
AE Quadrans (22.56g; 29mm).
Luceria Mint.
Obverse: Hercules facing r wearing lion skin; ●●● (mark-of-value=3 unciae), behind and below.
Reverse: Prow right; ROMA above; L●●● (mark-of-value=3 unciae), below.
References: Crawford 43 (unlisted) and 97/5b; Syd --; BMCRR --; RBW 400 (see discussion at 399); see Russo, “Unpublished Roman Republican Bronze Coins” (Essays Hersh, 1998), #37 discussion.
Provenance: Ex Kölner Münzkabinett Auction 109 (16 Nov 2018); ex Prof. Hildebrecht Hommel Collection; purchased from Cahn (Basel), 13 Mar 1973.
This type is extremely rare, with no examples appearing in the Paris collection as of 1974, none in Berger’s Kestner-Museum Hannover catalogue, and only 4 examples in addition to my coin on ACSEARCH as of 31 December 2018. Crawford cites an example in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, collection. Both Roberto Russo and Andrew McCabe have persuasively argued that Crawford 97/5b should be reassigned to the Crawford 43 L series, which otherwise lacks a quadrans. Both the weight and style of this coin are consistent with the earlier Crawford 43 series, which is based on an As of about 83 grams. McCabe notes that the Oxford example, on which Crawford based 97/5b, was badly corroded and probably lightweight. Subsequent examples of the type in trade have weighed 22+ grams, consistent with an As of about 85-90 grams.
Carausius
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Crawford 043/3, ROMAN REPUBLIC, L Series, AE TriensRome, The Republic.
L Series, 214-212 BCE.
AE Triens (24.79g; 30mm).
Luceria Mint.
Obverse: Helmeted head of Minerva facing right; ●●●● above (mark-of-value=4 unciae); L behind
Reverse: Prow right with two mariners on deck and club within deck structure, star symbol on flank of prow and small wing on keel; ROMA above; ●●●● (mark-of-value=4 unciae) below.
References: Crawford 43/3a; Sydenham 125; BMCRR (Italy) 5; RBW 152-153.
Provenance: Ex A.J. Scammell Collection [Dix Noonan Webb (3 Jun 2020) Lot 103].
The Luceria series of Roman Republican bronzes are complex, and there are likely more series than those identified in Crawford. The thick flan fabric of this coin has a pronounced conical cross-section. The die planes were quite flat and the devices in low relief. The star symbol and bulbous prow stem are common style items among heavier weight, thick-flan examples of the early Luceria series. Andrew McCabe’s website identifies coins with these characteristics as from “Luceria Mint A”. There are other probable series with different flan characteristics, style and lacking the star symbol.
Carausius
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Crawford 097/8, ROMAN REPUBLIC, L Series, AE SemunciaRome, The Republic.
L Series, circa 211-208 BCE.
AE Semuncia (3.52g; 18mm).
Obverse: Mercury head facing right, wearing winged petasus.
Reverse: Prow r; above ε; be ROMA; before L; above, ε (mark-of-value).
References: Crawford 97/8; Sydenham 178g (R5); Kestner-Hannover 1090; BMCRR (Italy) ----.
Provenance: Ex Bertolami Fine Arts 24 (22 Jun 2016), Lot 371.
There are only four examples of this rare semuncia of Luceria in the Paris collection. There were no examples in the British Museum collection at the 1910 publication of BMCRR.
Carausius
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Crawford 14/5, ROMAN REPUBLIC - AE Aes Grave SextansRome, The Republic.
Anonymous, circa 280 BCE.
AE Aes Grave Sextans (50.76g; 36mm).
Obverse: Shell seen from outside; two pellets (mark-of-value=2 unciae) below.
Reverse: Caduceus; two pellets (mark-of-value) in field.
References: Crawford 14/5; Vecchi ICC 30.
Provenance: Ex SteveX6 Collection; Collection of a Director [CNG eSale 392 (1 Mar 2017), Lot 434]; Auctiones 5 (2-3 Dec 1975), Lot 285.
Aes Grave were a significant departure from the previous Roman bronze money in that they were denominated with marks of value, and thus did not require weighing. At least three separate series of Roman Aes Grave use shells as types on sextantes (see Crawford 21/5 in this gallery). This is likely a traditional nod to the shell shaped Aes Formatum that were used for monetary exchange prior to the adoption of Aes Grave by Rome. The old Aes Formatum astragaloi (knuckle bones) are similarly re-used on Aes Grave Unciae which depict both sides of a knuckle bone (See Crawford 14/6, 21/6 and 25/9).
Carausius
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Crawford 21/4, ROMAN REPUBLIC, Aes Grave Quadrans Rome, The Republic.
Anonymous, c. 265 BCE.
AE Aes Grave Quadrans (68.58g; 43mm).
Rome Mint.
Obv: Right hand; ●●● (mark-of-value = 3 unciae) on left.
Rev: Left hand; ●●● (mark-of-value) on right.
References: Vecchi, ICC 44; Haeberlin pp. 66-67, plts 27-28; Crawford 21/4.
Provenance: Ex Baldwin's Auction 99 (4 May 2016), Lot 599; purchased from A.H. Baldwin & Sons, Ltd., Dec 1959.Carausius
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Crawford 21/5, ROMAN REPUBLIC - AE Aes Grave SextansRome, The Republic.
Anonymous, circa 265 BCE.
AE Aes Grave Sextans (43.28g; 35mm).
Obverse: Scallop shell seen from outside; two pellets (mark-of-value=two unciae) below.
Reverse: Scallop shell seen from inside.
References: Crawford 21/5; Vecchi, ICC 45.
Provenanc: Numismatica Ars Classica 40 (2007), Lot 365.
Aes Grave were a significant departure from the previous Roman bronze money in that they were denominated with marks of value, and thus did not require weighing. At least three separate series of Roman Aes Grave use shells as types on sextantes (see Crawford 14/5 sextans in this gallery). This is likely a traditional nod to the shell shaped Aes Formatum that were used for monetary exchange prior to the adoption of Aes Grave by Rome. The old Aes Formatum astragaloi (knuckle bones) are similarly re-used on Aes Grave Unciae which depict both sides of a knuckle bone (See Crawford 14/6, 21/6 and 25/9).
Carausius
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Crawford 266/2, ROMAN REPUBLIC, C. Cassius Longinus, AE DodransRome, The Republic.
C. Cassius Longinus, 131 BCE.
AE Dodrans (17.08g; 29mm).
Rome Mint.
Obverse: Head of Vulcan facing right, with laureate cap; tongs and S:· (value mark) behind.
Reverse: Prow facing right; C·CASSI above; S:· (value mark) to right; ROMA below.
References: Crawford 266/2; Sydenham 503(R5); BMCRR 1035; Cassia 2.
Crawford dated C. Cassius Longinus’ moneyership in 126 BCE; however, in Essays Hersh, Mattingly proposed an earlier date of 131 BCE. Cassius was consul in 124 BCE, so 126 seems a bit late to have begun his climb up the cursus honorum. Crawford proposed that the moneyer might have been the son of the consul of 124, but the absence of any “C. f.” (son of Caius) abbreviation in the reverse inscription suggests otherwise.
The Dodrans was a scarce bronze denomination, produced only twice during the Roman Republic. The first production was this series in 131 BCE; the second production was by M. Metellus in 125 BCE (Crawford series 263, redated by Mattingly). The word “Dodrans” is a contraction of the Latin “de quadrans”, meaning one quarter less than an As. It is identified by the value mark S:· (a Semis and 3 unciae) for a total of 9 unciae, or three-quarters of an As of 12 unciae. In addition to the Dodrans, C. Cassius also struck a bronze Bes of eight unciae. By 131 BCE, the As had been out of production for nearly 15 years, and it’s possible that the Dodrans and Bes were experimental denominations to satisfy demand for larger bronze coins. Alternatively, they may have satisfied the need for special payments to fund corn or wine distributions.
Carausius
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crw 38/7 . Roman Republic . Æ Semiuncia . 215-212 BCRoman Republic . Æ Semiuncia . 215-212 BC
20.3 mm, 5.91 grams.
Obverse: Head of Mercury to right.
Reverse: Prow to right.
Crawford 38/7
Ex. RBW, originally purchased from Christie's 7/16/1986, 90 (Baldwin) . Ex. Amphora .
Vladislav D
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EB0333 Roma / ProwRome, Anonymous. After 211 BC. AE Uncia.
Obverse: Helmeted head of Bellona (Roma) right, o behind.
Reverse: Prow right, o below.
References: Syd. 143e; Sear 1307; BMCRR Rome 268; Cr56/7.
Diameter: 21mm, Weight: 5.432g.EB
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EB1022 Roma / ProwRoman Republic, 225-217 BC, Æ Aes Grave cast Uncia. Reduced Libral standard.
Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma left with a large pellet behind.
Reverse: Prow of galley right, with a large pellet below.
References: Thurlow-Vecchi #56. Syd. 77. Cr 35/6. Sear 589.
Diameter: 27.5mm, Weight: 27.88g.EB
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Fouree Denarius of Trajan, ARAB ATQImitating RIC 245, but with an interesting different legend.
Obv: IMP CAES NERVAE TRAIAN GOER (?) DAC
(RIC 245 has IMP TRAIANO AVG GER DAC P M TR P COS VI P P)
Rev: SPOR OPTIMO PRINCIPI - ARAB ATQ
18mm, 2.93g
Ok, what do we have here?
- ARAB ATQ: The engraver has a d/t-problem.
- Legends do not match.
- The coin is undated.
- He forgot AVG.
- NERVAE requires TRAIANO.
- If I am correct in reading "GOER", is that the actual pronunciation in ancient times? Even today in the English "Germany" it has an oe/ö-sound, whereas in German we pronounce it with an "e" like in "elephant".
klausklage
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FROG, Apulia, Luceria, 3rd Century BC, Æ UnciaFrog
Grain ear, between I and pellet (mark of value).
Thurlow & Vecchi 278var.; HN Italy 674var..
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