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JUSTINIAN I, AE Follis (40 Nummi), struck 529 - 533 at Antioch (Theoupolis)Obverse: D N IVSTINIANVS P P AVG. Justinian enthroned facing, holding long sceptre in his right hand and globus cruciger in his left.
Reverse: Large M, cross above and officina letter (Δ = 4th Officina) below, asterisk in field to left of M and outward facing crescent in field to right; in exergue, +THEUP
Diameter: 34mm | Weight: 18.69gms | Die Axis: 5
SBCV: 214 | DOC: 206d.1
Much of Antioch was destroyed by a great earthquake on 29th November 528 and, following this disaster, the city was renamed Theoupolis.
530: In the spring of this year Belisarius and Hermogenes (magister officiorum) defeated a combined Persian-Arab army of 50,000 men at the Battle of Dara in modern Turkey, and in the summer a Byzantine cavalry force under the command of Sittas defeated a major Persian invasion into Roman Armenia at the Battle of Satala.
531: On April 19th, at the Battle of Callinicum, a Byzantine army commanded by Belisarius, was defeated by the Persians at Raqqa in northern Syria. Nevertheless, Justinian negotiated an end to the hostilities and Belisarius was hailed as a hero.
532: On January 11th this year anger among the supporters of the most important chariot teams in Constantinople, the Blues and the Greens, escalated into violence towards the emperor. For the next five days the city was in chaos and the fires that started during the rioting resulted in the destruction of much of the city. This insurrection, known as the Nika riots, was put down a week later by Belisarius and Mundus resulting in 30,000 people being killed in the Hippodrome.
On February 23rd Justinian ordered the building of a new Christian basilica in Constantinople, the Hagia Sophia. More than 10,000 people were employed in the construction using material brought from all over the empire.
*Alex
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JUSTINIAN I, AE Half-Follis (20 Nummi), struck 529 – 533 at Antioch (Theoupolis)Obverse: D N IVSTINIANVS P P AVG. Justinian I enthroned facing, holding long sceptre in his right hand and globus cruciger in his left.
Reverse: Large K, Large latin cross to left dividing letters T–H/Є–U/O/P; officina letter to right of K (Δ = fourth officina).
Diameter: 28mm | Weight: 8.4gms | Die Axis: 11
SBCV: 225 | DOC: 208.6
Rare
Much of Antioch was destroyed by a great earthquake on 29th November 528 and, following this disaster, the city was renamed Theoupolis.
530: In the spring of this year Belisarius and Hermogenes (magister officiorum) defeated a combined Persian-Arab army of 50,000 men at the Battle of Dara in modern Turkey, and in the summer a Byzantine cavalry force under the command of Sittas defeated a major Persian invasion into Roman Armenia at the Battle of Satala.
531: On April 19th, at the Battle of Callinicum, a Byzantine army commanded by Belisarius, was defeated by the Persians at Raqqa in northern Syria. Nevertheless, Justinian negotiated an end to the hostilities and Belisarius was hailed as a hero.
532: On January 11th this year anger among the supporters of the most important chariot teams in Constantinople, the Blues and the Greens, escalated into violence towards the emperor. For the next five days the city was in chaos and the fires that started during the rioting resulted in the destruction of much of the city. This insurrection, known as the Nika riots, was put down a week later by Belisarius and Mundus resulting in 30,000 people being killed in the Hippodrome.
On February 23rd Justinian ordered the building of a new Christian basilica in Constantinople, the Hagia Sophia. More than 10,000 people were employed in the construction using material brought from all over the empire.
*Alex
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AE provincial, Saitta, Lydia (Sidas Kaleh, Turkey), Senate/River-God (mid-2nd to early 3d century AD) IЄΡA - [CYNKΛHTOC], bare-headed youthful draped bust of Senate right / CAIT[THNΩN] + [ЄPMOC] in exergue, River-God Hermos reclining left, holding reed and cornucopiae, resting arm on urn (hydria) from which waters flow.
Ó” (base metal yellow, orichalcum?), 22 mm, 5.68 g, die axis 6.5h (coin alignment)
It is difficult to read the name of the river. I think that ЄPMOC is more likely, but VΛΛΟС is also possible, representing the other important local river, Hyllos.
Possible catalog references are BMC Lydia 25 (or 26-27?), SNG Copenhagen 398, SNG München 439.
For the Hyllos reverse, Leypold 1153.
To emphasize the autonomy of certain Hellenistic polises, even under the Roman rule they sometimes used allegorical figures of Senate or Demos on obverses of their coins instead of imperial portraits. Saitta was issuing similar-looking coins with busts of emperors and their family as well, but in this issue the town Senate is honoured as the ruler. IЄΡA CYNKΛHTOC = Holy Senate. CAITTHNΩN = Saitta, ЄPMOC = Hermos, the name of the river and its god.
River-Gods or Potamoi (Ποταμοί) were the gods of the rivers and streams of the earth, all sons of the great earth-encirling river Okeanos (Oceanus) and his wife Tethys. Their sisters were the Okeanides (Oceanids), goddesses of small streams, clouds and rain, and their daughters were the Naiades, nymphs of springs and fountains. A River-God was depicted in one of three forms: as a man-headed bull; a bull-horned man with the tail of a serpentine-fish in place of legs; or as a reclining man with an arm resting upon a pitcher pouring water, which we see in this case. The addition of cornucopia symbolizes the blessings that a particular river bestows on those who live near it.
Saitta or Saittae (Σαίτται, Ptolemy 5.2.21: ΣÎτται, Σάετται) was a polis in eastern Lydia (aka Maeonia), in the rivers' triangle between the upper Hyllus (modern Demirci Çayı, c. 12 km to the west) and the Hermus or Hermos (modern Gediz Nehri, c. 20 km to the south). In Roman imperial times it belonged to the "conventus" of Sardis in the Roman province of Asia (conventus was a territorial unit of a Roman province, mostly for judicial purposes).
Now its ruins are known now as Sidas Kaleh or Sidaskale in Turkey, near the village of Ä°çikler (Ä°cikler Mahallesi, 45900 Demirci/Manisa). They were never excavated, so are little known or cared for. Ruins of a stadium and a theatre survive, together with remains of some temples and tombs.
Not much is known about it. It was a regional centre for the production of textiles. In 124 AD the town was probably visited by emperor Hadrianus. During the Roman period the cult of the moon god MÄ“n Axiottenus was very popular in the city. Because of its reference to "angels" (both literally as the Greek word and by their function as god's messengers) it was possibly close to the more general Asia Minor cult of Theos Hypsistos, Θεος ὕψιστος, "the highest god" (200 BC – 400 AD), which in turn was perhaps related to the gentile following of the Second Temple in Jerusalem.
Known Roman provincial coins issued by this city feature portraits of emperors from Hadrian to Gallienus, thus covering the period from 117 to 268 AD, with the peak around the Severan dynasty. The semi-autonomous issues are usually dated from mid-2nd to mid-3d century AD.
Later Saittae was the seat of a Byzantine bishopric. Bishop Limenius signed the Chalcedon Creed, while Bishop Amachius spoke at the Council of Chalcedon. Although an Islamic area now, Saittae remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church.Yurii P
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Caracalla RIC IV#224Caracalla. AD 198-217. AR Denarius (3,48g). Rome mint. Struck AD 212-213.
Ob..ANTONINVS PIVS AVG BRIT, Laureate bearded head right.
Rev..MONETA AVG, Moneta draped standing left, holding scales and cornucopia.
RIC IV 224; RSC 165.
Obverse Legend..
ANTONINVS PIVS - The Roman name he used
AVG - Augustus (Emperor).
BRIT - Britannicus (Conqueror of the Britains).
Reverse legend..
MONETA AVG - Money of the Emperor.
Note...Born in Lugdunum (Lyon), Gaul (France) on the 4th April 188AD to his father, the future Emperor Septimius Severus (193-211) and his mother Julia Domna (193-211). His birth name was Lucius Septimius Bassianus and at the age of 7 was renamed Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, but is better known by his nickname of 'Caracalla' which derived from a Gallic hooded tunic he wore probably during the Rhine and Danube campaigns. He reigned from 198 - 217, Co-ruled with his father from 198-211 and with his younger brother Geta from 209-211. His father died in early February 211 leaving Caracalla and his brother Geta to co-rule. This didn't work out well and in late December of the same year Caracalla had his brother Geta murdered...Caracalla continued to rule for another 6 years until in April 217 whilst travelling to Carrhae in modern Turkey, he was stabbed to death by an irrate soldier named Justin Martialis. This was probably incited by Macrinus who held the position of Praetorian Prefect and would become the next Emperor.
Paul R3
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EB0328 Unidentified AE 14From hoard found in Turkey, -.
Obverse: -.
Reverse: -.
References: -.
Diameter: 14mm, Weight: 2.404g.EB
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Ephesian ArtemisI took this photo while visiting the ancient city of Ephesus, Turkey, in August of 2013. Along one of the avenues was this relief of one of Ephesus' most unique symbols: the Ephesian Artemis. Large cult statues of this goddess would be placed in the Artemis Temple just outside the city. Ephesian Artemis can occasionally be found on the reverse sides of Seleucid coins.ThatParthianGuy
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GREEK, Italia, Velia Lucania, AR Didrachm Struck 293 - 280 B.C.
The obverse with the head of Athena facing left, wearing crested Attic helmet decorated with griffin. Monogram behind neckpiece, Φ on neck.
The reverse with lion stalking right caduceus above. The legend reading: YEΛHTΩN = "Of Elea"
Williams 515
Elea was the ancient name of the town of Velia. According to Herodotus, in 545 B.C. a group of Ionian Greeks fled Phokaia in modern Turkey, after it was besieged by the Persians. They settled in Corsica until they were attacked by a force of Etruscans and Carthaginians. The surviving 6000 took to the sea once more before finally settling on the coast of Italy and founding the town of Hyele, later to be renamed Ele, and then, eventually, Elea.
Diameter: 22 mm. Weight: 7.20 g.
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GREEK, Mysia, Pergamon, Cistophoric TetradrachmGreece, Mysia, Pergamon, Cistophoric Tetradrachm, 12.57g, 28mm, 166-67 BC, issued 76 BC
Obv: Cista Mystica containing serpent escaping, all within an ivy wreath.
Rev: Bow case between 2 serpents. Pergamon monogram at left. Snake entwined Asklepian staff at right. "AP" above.
Near the West coast of present day Turkey, Pergamon, in the province of Mysia, was an insignificant city under the Persian empire. After Alexander the Great died, his bodyguard "Lysimachus" was given Thrace and north western Asia. After the battle of Ipsus "Lysimachus" secured Alexander's treasury worth over 25,000 talents. Pergamon was located in a natural fortress and "Lysimachus" strengthened the city and deposited his Asian treasure (9000 talents) in the city along with a military guard under his loyal follower "Philetaerus". "Lysimachus" died in 281 BC and Pergamon officially fell under Seulcid control. "Philetaerus" played the part of a faithful governor, but all the time he used the money to strengthen the city's defenses and founded the Attalid dynasty of the kingdom of "Pergamon". The kingdom successfully withstood attempts by Seulicid rulers to regain control. In 190 BC, Pergamon assisted the Romans to defeat Antiochus III of Syria. At this time, Rome had no territorial desires in Asia and they gave all the territories to Pergamon. Pergamon prospered and soon ranked as one of the major Greek cultural centers. Pergamon's library ranked second only to the library of Alexandria. But, to Rome's surprize the Pergamon King Attalus III (138 - 133 BC) gave the kingdom to Rome upon his death in 133 BC. During the confusion a certain "Aristonicus" seized the throne and changed his name to "Eumenes III". This forced the Romans to intervene and they seized the kingdom and made it the capital of the Roman province of Asia.
Pergamon first issued this coin under Eumenes II, who likely required a new currency after the treaty with Apameia in 188 BC expanded his economic and political territory. The new coinage is the first time a king’s portrait and name are omitted from Hellenistic currency. The cistophori (basket bearers) were the chief currency in Asia Minor for about 300 years. Originally introduced by king Eumenes II of Pergamon around 166 BCE, the obverse of these coins shows a cista mystica, i.e., a woven basket containing the sacred objects of a mystery cult. In the case of the cistophori, the basket contains snakes associated with the worship of Dionysus (Bacchus), the Greek god of wine and ecstasy. In the Dionysian mysteries a serpent, representing the god, was carried in a box called a cista on a bed of vine leaves. This may be the Cista mentioned by Clement of Alexandria which was exhibited as containing the phallus of Dionysus. The depiction on this famous type is what gives the coin its name - the Cistophorus. It was one of the most widely minted coin types in the ancient world. It seems that the Asian Greek states in what is now Turkey minted this coin in unison from around 150 BC. Some scholars believe this was undertaken for the common good, so traders could be confident in a coin of uniform weight and value, representing the collective wealth of Asian Greekdom.
The ivy wreath and the thyrsos staff on the reverse are also references to this god whom the Attalid kings of Pergamon claimed as their ancestor. The bow case (gorytos) on the reverse points to Herakles, the father of Telephos, the legendary founder and first king of Pergamon. Taken together, the obverse and reverse scenes appear to capture allegorical acts one and two of the Dionysian Cista fertility mythology in progress.
When the last Attalid king, Attalos III, died in 133 BCE, he left his entire kingdom to the Roman people. At the same time, his last will declared Pergamon and the other important cities of his realm "free cities", which meant that they did not have to pay tribute to Rome. Not surprisingly, Pergamon and the other cities continued to mint cistophori in grateful tribute to their former ruler. The city of Pergamum continued issue of cistophoric tetradrachm for eight decades after the city was willed to Rome in 133 BC.
1 cistophor equaled 3 Attic drachms, the currency of Athens, which had become the world's key currency during the campaigns of Alexander the Great. Later, 1 cistophor was equivalent to 3 Roman denarii. Because they were so easy to convert into the key currencies, 16 Anatolian towns soon minted cistophors, forming a kind of monetary union. When Pergamum became Roman about 133 BC, the Romans continued to mint cistophors.
Under the Attalids, Pergamon was not only the capital of an empire that soon stretched over most of Asia Minor, but also the seat of the second most famous library of the ancient world with more than 200,000 book rolls. When the kings of Egypt, the Ptolemies, whose capital, Alexandria, boasted the only comparable library, cut off Pergamene access to papyrus, the most important writing material, the Pergamenes invented pergamentum, i.e., parchment or vellum made from animal skins.
Today, the city is called Bergama and belongs to Turkey.
mitresh
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Khusru IIObverse: Head of Khusru II right with an inscription naming him around
Reverse: Fire altar flanked by two attendants with the mint mark to the right and the date mark to the left
Mint : Gar
Date : AD 595 Year 4
Reference :
Grade : gVF
Weight : 4.15g
Denom: Drachm
Metal : Silver
Acquired: 01/08/04
Comments: Khusru II, during his life time was able to extend his empire to including Turkey, Syria and Egypt which was occupied by the Sasanian empire from 618-628 A.D. and to reputably occupied other parts of Africa, extending his empire as far south as Askum and west as Cyrene. Until Heraclius was able to consolidate his take over off the Byzantine empire and counter-attacked and recover most of the territory earlier lost by Byzantine.
Peattie
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Laranda, Lycaonia, c. 332 B.C.Laranda, known today as Karaman, Turkey, was destroyed by Perdiccas in about 322 B.C. and later became a seat of Isaurian pirates.
Silver obol, SNG Levante 225, SNG BnF 443, VF, 0.692g, 11.5mm, 270o, Laranda mint, c. 332 BC; obverse Baal seated left on backless throne, holding grain ear in right, long scepter vertical behind in left; reverse forepart of wolf right, crescent horns downward above, all within a double circular border of dotsRandygeki(h2)
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Lucania, Velia. (Circa 340-334 B.C.)AR nomos (22 mm, 7.24 g, 2 h).
Obverse: Head of Athena left, wearing crested Attic helmet decorated with a griffin; between neck guard and crest, Θ
Reverse: YEΛHTΩN (of Elea), lion prowling right; below, X.
Williams 262 (O151/R207); SNG ANS 1293 (same dies); HN Italy 1284.
Velia was the Roman name of an ancient city of Magna Graecia on the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea. It was founded by Greeks from Phocaea as Hyele around 538–535 BC. According to Herodotus, in 545 BC Ionian Greeks fled Phocaea, in modern Turkey, which was being besieged by the Persians under Cyrus the Great. They settled in Corsica until they were attacked by a force of Etruscans and Carthaginians. The surviving 6000 took to the sea once more, first stopping in Reggio Calabria, where they were probably joined by the poet/philosopher Xenophanes, who was at the time at Messina, and then moved north along the coast and founded the town of Hyele, later renamed Ele and then, eventually, Elea.
Elea was not conquered by the Lucanians, but eventually joined Rome in 273 BC and was included in ancient Lucania.Nathan P
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OTTOMAN EMPIRE - MAHMUD IITurkey, Ottoman Empire - Mahmud II (1808-1839) AR 6 Kurush. KM#603. Dated accesson date 1123 AH - Year 32.dpaul7
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Turkey AH1293/15 - 5 KurusOttoman Empire Silver 5 Kurus
Constantinople Mint.
.8300 Silver
.1605 oz ASWrexesq
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Turkey AH1327/6 1914 - 10 KurusOttoman Empire, Silver 10 Kurus.
Constantinople Mint.
.8300 Silver .3210 oz ASW
Mintage: 81,000
* Photos taken through coin flip. *rexesq
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Turkey, İncealiler - Termessos ad OenoandaOenoanda in the upper valley of the Xanthus River, was a colony of Termessos Major, and was also called Termessos Minor. The ruins of the city lie west of the modern village İncealiler in the Fethiye district of Muğla Province, Turkey, which partly overlies the ancient site. An extensive inscription of Diogenes of Oenoanda has been identified from over 300 scattered fragments, apparently from the stoa, varying in size from a few letters to passages of several sentences covering more than one block. The inscription sets out Epicurus' teachings on physics, epistemology, and ethics. It was originally about 25,000 words long and filled 260 square meters of wall. The stoa was dismantled in the second half of the third century A.D. to make room for a defensive wall; previously the site had been undefended.
By Ansgar Bovet - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18861664Joe Sermarini
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Turkey, Ankara, Anatolian Museum of Civilisations.A Phrygian toy in the form of a griffin eating a fish. Made of wood and dating to the 8th cent. BC, it was recovered in a Tumulus at the site of Gordion.
Photograph by Will Hooton.*Alex
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Turkey, Ankara, Anatolian Museum of Civilisations.Bust attributed to a somewhat ill looking Marcus Aurelius.
Photograph by Will Hooton*Alex
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Turkey, Ankara, Anatolian Museum of Civilisations.A magnificent bronze tondo of Trajan Decius. It was really tricky to photograph, the light above acts as a backlight and picking up facial details with out flash (and with a museum guard behind you to make sure you don't). And the reflective panes of glass don't help either.
Nevertheless, a wonderful piece. I am sorry I could not do any better.
Photograph by Will Hooton
*Alex
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Turkey, Ankara, Anatolian Museum of Civilisations.Side view of the magnificent bronze tondo of Trajan Decius.
Photograph by Will Hooton*Alex
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Turkey, Ankara, Anatolian Museum of Civilisations.A relief of Hittite troops and palace officials, dating to the second half of the 8th cent. BC.
Photograph by Will Hooton*Alex
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Turkey, Ankara, Anatolian Museum of Civilisations.The Phrygians seemed to have possessed advanced metal working skills as is testified to by this bronze phiale, found at the Great Tumulus at Gordion.
Photograph by Will Hooton*Alex
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Turkey, Ankara, Anatolian Museum of Civilisations.This helmet is called the Phyrigian type, not because it is Phrygian in origin, but because of it's resemblance to the Phrygian cap. This helmet appeared in the classical section rather than the Phrygian one.
Photograph by Will Hooton*Alex
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Turkey, Ankara, Anatolian Museum of Civilisations.Bust attributed to Livia.
Photograph by Will Hooton*Alex
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Turkey, Ankara, Anatolian Museum of Civilisations.King Sulumeli offering a libation to a god. Basalt, 10th - 9th cent. BC.
Photograph by Will Hooton*Alex
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Turkey, Ankara, Anatolian Museum of Civilisations.Detail of a mythical man-lion. Basalt relief from Carchemish, 9th cent. BC.
Photograph by Will Hooton
*Alex
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Turkey, Ankara, Anatolian Museum of Civilisations.A votive stele, 2nd-3rd cent. BC.
Photograph by Will Hooton*Alex
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Turkey, Ankara, Column of JulianThe Column of Julian in Ankara was erected in dedication to his visit sometime in 362 AD. It has a strange ribbed design. In fact it looks like a giant marble kebab to me.
Photograph by Will Hooton*Alex
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Turkey, Ankara, Roman BathsPhotograph by Will Hooton*Alex
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Turkey, Ankara, Roman BathsPhotograph by Will Hooton*Alex
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Turkey, Ankara, The Temple of the Divine Augustus and RomeThe Temple of the Divine Augustus and Rome in the centre of Ankara, which now stands besides a mosque. I was unable to get any closer due this being Ramazan, the area was cordoned off in preparation for iftar.
Photograph by Will HootonJoe Sermarini
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Turkey, Ankara, Theatre (1)Not to far from the Anatolian Museum in Ankara, a theatre is currently being excavated. It certainly looks promising, although excavation is expected to continue for a long while. To excavate something like this in the middle of a metropolitan city is quite extraordinary!
Photograph by Will Hooton*Alex
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Turkey, Ankara, Theatre (2)Another view of the Theatre.
Photograph by Will Hooton*Alex
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Turkey, Ankara, Tombstones.Situated in the town's palestra, a short distance away from the Roman Baths, are a large selection of Roman tombstones some of which are very interesting.
Photographs by Will Hooton*Alex
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Turkey, Antalya Province, Limyra - TheaterLimyra was a small city in Lycia on the southern coast of Asia Minor, on the Limyrus River, about 5 1/2 KM from the mouth of that river. The ruins are about 5 km northeast of the town of Finike (ancient Phoenicus) in Antalya Province, Turkey. It was a prosperous city, and one of the oldest cities in Lycia. It had rich and abundant soil, and gradually became one of the finest trade settlements in Greece. Pericles adopted it as the capital of the Lycian League. The city came under control of the Persian Empire after it was conquered by Cyrus the Great. He later annexed Lydia and its territories after a decisive victory at the Battle of Thymbra and the Siege of Sardis, where he defeated armies twice as large as his. Cyrus then got his greatest general: Harpagus of Media to conquer the much smaller kingdoms in Anatolia, while he went to conquer the Neo-Babylonian Empire. Anatolia would become an important place for the Persian monarchs who succeeded Cyrus. The massive Royal road constructed by Darius went from the Persian capital of Persepolis, to the Anatolian city of Sardis. Limyra would stay under Persian control until it was conquered and sacked by Alexander the Great. It is mentioned by Strabo (XIV, 666), Ptolemy (V, 3, 6) and several Latin authors. Gaius Caesar, adopted son of Augustus, died there (Velleius Paterculus, II, 102). Ruins consist of a theater, tombs, sarcophagi, bas-reliefs, Greek and Lycian inscriptions etc. About 3 km east of the site is the Roman Bridge at Limyra, one of the oldest segmented arch bridges of the world.
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:LimyraTheater1.jpg
Photo by Kpisimon, 8 May 1988
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 UnportedJoe Sermarini
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Turkey, Antalya, Archaeological Museum of Antalya.Statue attributed to Julia Soaemias, mother of Elagabalus.
Photograph by Will Hooton*Alex
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Turkey, Antalya, Archaeological Museum of Antalya.Statue of Herakles.
Photograph by Will Hooton*Alex
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Turkey, Antalya, Archaeological Museum of Antalya.Statue of Hadrian in military dress.
Photograph by Will Hooton*Alex
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Turkey, Antalya, Archaeological Museum of Antalya.Statue of Athena.
Photograph by Will Hooton*Alex
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Turkey, Antalya, Archaeological Museum of Antalya.Statue of Artemis, removed from Perge.
Photograph by Will Hooton*Alex
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Turkey, Antalya, Archaeological Museum of Antalya.Tyche
Photograph by Will Hooton*Alex
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Turkey, Antalya, Archaeological Museum of Antalya.Statue of Trajan in military dress.
Photograph by Will Hooton*Alex
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Turkey, Antalya, Archaeological Museum of Antalya.Statue of a private citizen.
Photograph by Will Hooton*Alex
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Turkey, Antalya, Archaeological Museum of Antalya.Statue, probably of Fortuna.
Photograph by Will Hooton*Alex
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Turkey, Antalya, Archaeological Museum of Antalya.Statue of Mercury.
Photograph by Will Hooton*Alex
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Turkey, Antalya, Archaeological Museum of Antalya.Unattributed statue of an emperor.
Photograph by Will Hooton*Alex
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Turkey, Antalya, Archaeological Museum of Antalya.The Three Graces, removed from Perge.
Photograph by Will Hooton*Alex
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Turkey, Antalya, Archaeological Museum of Antalya.An example of the wonderful collection of red figure pottery housed at the museum.
Photograph by Will Hooton.*Alex
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Turkey, Antalya, Archaeological Museum of Antalya.An example of the wonderful collection of red figure pottery housed at the museum.
Photograph by Will Hooton*Alex
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Turkey, Antalya, Archaeological Museum of Antalya.An example of the wonderful collection of red figure pottery housed at the museum.
Photograph by Will Hooton*Alex
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Turkey, Antalya, Archaeological Museum of Antalya.Details from a sarcophagus featuring the 10 labours of Hercules.
Photographs by Will Hooton*Alex
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Turkey, Antalya, Archaeological Museum of Antalya.Sarcophagus featuring the 10 labours of Hercules.
Photograph by Will Hooton*Alex
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Turkey, Antalya, Archaeological Museum of Antalya.Heroic statue of Hadrian.
Photograph by Will Hooton*Alex
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Turkey, Antalya, Archaeological Museum of Antalya.Heroic statue of Hadrian.
Photograph by Will HootonJoe Sermarini
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Turkey, Antalya, Archaeological Museum of Antalya. Heroic statue of Hadrian.
Photograph by Will HootonJoe Sermarini
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Turkey, Antalya, Archaeological Museum of Antalya.Statue of Serapis.
Photograph by Will HootonJoe Sermarini
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Turkey, Antalya, Archaeological Museum of Antalya. Tyche
Photograph by Will HootonJoe Sermarini
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Turkey, Antalya, Archaeological Museum of Antalya.Statue of Athena.
Photograph by Will HootonJoe Sermarini
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Turkey, Antalya, Archaeological Museum of Antalya.Statue of Herakles.
Photograph by Will HootonJoe Sermarini
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Turkey, Antalya, Archaeological Museum of Antalya.Statue of a Hermes.
Photograph by Will HootonJoe Sermarini
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Turkey, Antalya, Archaeological Museum of Antalya.Statue of a Hermes.
Photograph by Will HootonJoe Sermarini
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Turkey, Antalya, Hadrian's Gate in AntalyaHadrian's Gate in Antalya
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antalya
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
Ingo Mehling - 17 May 2012Joe Sermarini
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Turkey, Antalya, The ruins of the Temple of Apollo at SideThe ruins of the Temple of Apollo at Side, Antalya, Turkey
21 October 2011
Photo by:
Saffron Blaze, via http://www.mackenzie.co
This file was a finalist in Picture of the Year 2012.
This is a featured picture on Wikimedia Commons (Featured pictures) and is considered one of the finest images.Joe Sermarini
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Turkey, Antiocheia in PsidiaRemote view of the ancient city called Antioch located in Yalvaç district of Isparta province, in Turkey.
Photo by Maderibeyza at Turkish Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antioch_of_PisidiaJoe Sermarini
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Turkey, Aspendos, Roman theatre, SeatingAspendos has a strong claim to possess the best-preserved Roman theatre in the world. It dates from the mid-second century, completed during the last years of the reign of Antoninus Pius, to a design by a local architect, Zenon. The cavea seats over 10,000; walking around the top level, you can still find the original post holes for the masts fixing the velarium. Abu Galyon
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Turkey, Aspendos, Roman theatre, Stage buildingThe scaenae frons is similarly largely undamaged. The stage building had secondary use, first as a caravanserai and later as a residence for the Seljuk governor of the city! Abu Galyon
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Turkey, Attalia (Antalya) - Hadrian's gateA stylish triple-arched gateway erected in 130 CE to mark the emperor Hadrian’s visit to the city. It’s still used as one of the principal entrances to the historic Kaleiçi quarter of today’s Antalya. And it’s a very visible reminder of how much lower the street level was in Roman times. At the base of the central arch there are quite deep grooves formed by the passage of carts: hence the glass-bottomed footbridge, designed to save the modern pedestrian from a twisted ankle. Abu Galyon
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Turkey, ÇatalhöyükÇatalhöyük (SE of Konya in Anatolia) is an outstanding Neolithic site. Excavation is ongoing, with the delicate mud brick architecture preserved under two large domes. There are no streets in Çatalhöyük; the buildings all abut one another and were accessed (using ladders) from the roof. The people of Çatalhöyük, it seems, had discovered how to construct houses, but hadn’t yet worked out the technology of doors and windows. Abu Galyon
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Turkey, Cilicia, Olba, Temple of ZeusPhoto by Klaus-Peter Simon 1995. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olba_(ancient_city)Joe Sermarini
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Turkey, ColossaeAnother Anatolian tel awaiting excavation (or perhaps looters if the archaeologists delay too long): this is the site of ancient Colossae in the Lycus valley. Modern Christian pilgrims touring the ‘Seven Churches of Asia’ visit nearby Laodicea but generally ignore this place, which is slightly odd because Saint Paul did address one of his letters to the congregation resident here. Of course, there’s little to see apart from the usual surface scatter of shards. Abu Galyon
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Turkey, Dalyan - The rock tombs of KaunosOutside the official Kaunos archeological site, near Dalyan, Turkey there are six rock tombs on the Dalyan river (4th – 2nd century BC). The façades of the rock tombs resemble the fronts of Hellenistic temples with two Ionian pillars, a triangular pediment, an architrave with toothed friezes, and acroterions shaped like palm leaves.Joe Sermarini
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Turkey, Dalyan, Cliffside Tombs of Ancient city of KaunosToday, these elaborate graves form part of the UNESCO-recognised Ancient City of Kaunos, a 2,500-year-old archaeological site also home to a 5,000-seat Hellenistic theatre, a rock-cut Roman bath, and several Lycian temples and churches.
Dating back to the 4th century BC, the “Lycian King Tombs of Kaunos” feature Greek-style pillars and intricate hand-carved reliefs depicting gods, angels and spirits. Inside, ancient monoliths and limestone-lined chambers mark the final resting place of the Lycian elite.
The remarkable structures pictured above are in fact only a small proportion of the 170 or more rock-cut graves of various shapes, making up the Kaunian necropolis. These temple tombs, clustered in two main groups, are the most elaborate graves of the city.*Alex
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Turkey, Dinar - Ruins of Apamea Cibotus (Apameia ad Maeandrum)Ruins of Apamea Cibotus (Apameia ad Maeandrum)
Apameia in Phrygia (or Apamea, Apamea Cibotus, Apamea Kibotos, or Apamea ad Maeandrum) was an ancient city founded in the 3rd century B.C. by Antiochus I Soter, who named it after his mother Apama. It was in Hellenistic Phrygia, but became part of the Roman province of Pisidia. Apamea is mentioned in the Talmud (Ber. 62a, Niddah, 30b and Yeb. 115b). Christianity was very likely established early in the city. Saint Paul probably visited the place when he went throughout Phrygia. The mid third century A.D. coins of Apamea Kibotos with scenes of Noah and his ark are among the earliest biblical scenes in Roman art. Apamea continued to be a prosperous town under the Roman Empire. Its decline began with the local disorganization of the empire in the 3rd century and when trade routes were diverted to Constantinople. Although a bishopric, it was not an important military or commercial center in Byzantine times. Its ruin was completed by an earthquake.
Photo by Haubi Gerhard Haubold, 20 October 1994, licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license.Joe Sermarini
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Turkey, Eflatun pinarThe name means ‘lilac spring’. If you are travelling between Konya (Iconium) and Yalvaç (Pisidian Antioch) it’s only a short detour to visit this delightfully secluded site near Lake BeyÅŸehir. The stones are the remains of a small Hittite temple or sanctuary, dating from perhaps the 14th or 13th century BCE. Abu Galyon
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Turkey, Elaioussa Sebaste, Islands off Cilicia, TheaterElaiussa, meaning olive, was founded in the 2nd century B.C. on a tiny island attached to the the southern coast of Anatolia (in modern-day Turkey) by a narrow isthmus in Mediterranean Sea. During the reign of Augustus, the Cappadocian king Archelaus founded a new city on the isthmus. Archelaus called it Sebaste, which is the Greek equivalent word of the Latin "Augusta." The city entered a golden age when Vespasian purged Cilicia of pirates in 74 A.D. Towards the end of the 3rd century A.D. however its importance began to wane, due in large part to incursions by the Sassanian King Shapur I in 260 and later by the Isaurians. When its neighbor Corycus began to flourish in the 6th century A.D., Elaiussa Sebaste slowly disappeared from history.
The theater, dating to the 2nd century A.D., is small with only 23 rows of seats, whose steps and decorations unfortunately succumbed to centuries of plunder. Next to the theater is the agora, built in all great probability during the imperial period. At the entrance of the agora, which is surrounded by a semi-destroyed defense wall once rose two monumental fountains in the shape of lions. Inside the agora stands a large church, its floor is covered by sand to protect the mosaic pavement. Elaiussa's only temple stands outside the city on a hill overlooking the sea; only two of the Corinthian columns of this temple, which had 12 on the long and 6 on the short side originally, are standing today. A large bath complex among the lemon groves between the temple and the agora was built with a Roman technique little used in Anatolia. The necropolis is the richest and most impressive of cities of ancient Cilicia. The "Avenue of Graves," located on a hill to the north of the city, preserves close to a hundred graves of various shapes and sizes scattered among the lemon trees. The ancient aqueducts that carried water to the ruins from the Lamos ("Lemon") river also adorn the city’s two entrances. The aqueduct to the west of the city in particular is in relatively good condition. Centuries ago the aqueduct actually ran all the way to Corycus.Joe Sermarini
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Turkey, Ephesos, Façade of the Celsus library, in Ephesus, near Selçuk, west Turkey.Turkey, Ephesos, Façade of the Celsus library, in Ephesus, near Selçuk, west Turkey.
The Library of Celsus is an ancient Roman building in Ephesus, Anatolia, now part of Selçuk, Turkey. The building was commissioned in the 110s A.D. by a consul, Gaius Julius Aquila, as a funerary monument for his father, former proconsul of Asia Tiberius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus, and completed during the reign of Hadrian, sometime after Aquila's death. The library is considered an architectural marvel, and is one of the only remaining examples of a library from the Roman Empire. The Library of Celsus was the third-largest library in the Roman world behind only Alexandria and Pergamum, believed to have held around twelve thousand scrolls. Celsus is buried in a crypt beneath the library in a decorated marble sarcophagus. The interior measured roughly 180 square metres (2,000 square feet). The interior of the library and its contents were destroyed in a fire that resulted either from an earthquake or a Gothic invasion in 262 C.E., and the façade by an earthquake in the tenth or eleventh century. It lay in ruins for centuries until the façade was re-erected by archaeologists between 1970 and 1978.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ephesus_Celsus_Library_Fa%C3%A7ade.jpg
Benh LIEU SONG, 21 June 2010
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Joe Sermarini
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Turkey, Ephesus - Library of CelsusThis building had two-storied façade but was three-storied.
built ca. CE 125 by Gaius Julius Aquila
once held nearly 12,000 scrollsJ. B.
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Turkey, Ephesus - Central SquarePart of the central square of the terrace houses in Ephesus.
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Turkey, Ephesus - Central square of Terrace HousesPart of the central square of the terrace houses in Ephesus.
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Turkey, Ephesus - Curetes StreetLooking down Curetes Street named after the priests who presided over the sacred fire of Hestia. The street is paved with marble slabs with sidewalks covered in mosaics.
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Turkey, Ephesus - Gate of Augustusgate to agoraJ. B.
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Turkey, Ephesus - Library of CelsusJ. B.
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Turkey, Ephesus - Library of CelsusJ. B.
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Turkey, Ephesus - Public ToiletsMinus the slaves to warm the seats in winter and the live entertainment
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Turkey, Ephesus - Relief inside temple of Hadrian
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