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1ae2 FulviaFirst wife of Marc Antony
ca 83-40 BC
AR Quinarius
Bust of Victory right with the likeness of Fulvia, III VIR R P C
Lion right between A and XLI; ANTONI above, IMP in ex
RSC 3, Syd 1163, Cr489/6
Fulvia was the first Roman non-mythological woman to appear on Roman coins. She gained access to power through her marriage to three of the most promising men of her generation, Publius Clodius Pulcher, Gaius Scribonius Curio, and Marcus Antonius. All three husbands were politically active populares, tribunes, and supporters of Julius Caesar. Fulvia married Mark Antony in 47 or 46 BC, a few years after Curio's death, although Cicero suggested that Fulvia and Antony had had a relationship since 58 BC. According to him, while Fulvia and Antony were married, Antony once left a military post to sneak back into Rome during the night and personally deliver a love letter to Fulvia describing his love for her and how he had stopped seeing the famous actress Cytheris. Cicero also suggested that Antony married Fulvia for her money. At the time of their marriage, Antony was an established politician. He had already been tribune in 49 BC, commanded armies under Caesar and was Master of the Horse in 47 BC. As a couple, they were a formidable political force in Rome, and had two sons together, Marcus Antonius Antyllus and Iullus Antonius.
Suetonius wrote, "[Antony] took a wife, Fulvia, the widow of Clodius the demagogue, a woman not born for spinning or housewifery, nor one that could be content with ruling a private husband, but prepared to govern a first magistrate, or give orders to a commander-in-chief. So that Cleopatra had great obligations to her for having taught Antony to be so good a servant, he coming to her hands tame and broken into entire obedience to the commands of a mistress. He used to play all sorts of sportive, boyish tricks, to keep Fulvia in good-humour. As, for example, when Caesar, after his victory in Spain, was on his return, Antony, among the rest, went out to meet him; and, a rumour being spread that Caesar was killed and the enemy marching into Italy, he returned to Rome, and, disguising himself, came to her by night muffled up as a servant that brought letters from Antony. She, with great impatience, before received the letter, asks if Antony were well, and instead of an answer he gives her the letter; and, as she was opening it, took her about the neck and kissed her."
After Julius Caesar was assassinated, Antony became the most powerful man in Rome. Fulvia was heavily involved in the political aftermath. After Caesar's death, the senate realized his popularity and declared that they would pass all of Caesar's planned laws. Antony had attained possession of Caesar's papers, and with the ability to produce papers in support of any law, Fulvia and Antony made a fortune and gained immense power. She allegedly accompanied Antony to his military camp at Brundisium in 44 BC. Appian wrote that in December 44 and again in 41 BC, while Antony was abroad and Cicero campaigned for Antony to be declared an enemy of the state, Fulvia attempted to block such declarations by soliciting support on Antony's behalf.
Antony formed the second triumvirate with Octavian (the future emperor Augustus) and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus on 43 BC and began to conduct proscriptions. To solidify the political alliance, Fulvia's daughter Clodia was married to the young Octavian. Appian and Cassius Dio describe Fulvia as being involved in the violent proscriptions, which were used to destroy enemies and gain badly needed funds to secure control of Rome. Antony pursued his political enemies, chief among them being Cicero, who had openly criticized him for abusing his powers as consul after Caesar's assassination. Though many ancient sources wrote that Fulvia was happy to take revenge against Cicero for Antony's and Clodius' sake, Cassius Dio is the only ancient source that describes the joy with which she pierced the tongue of the dead Cicero with her golden hairpins, as a final revenge against Cicero's power of speech.
In 42 BC, Antony and Octavian left Rome to pursue Julius Caesar's assassins, Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus. Fulvia was left behind as the most powerful woman in Rome. According to Cassius Dio, Fulvia controlled the politics of Rome. Dio wrote that "the following year Publius Servilius and Lucius Antonius nominally became consuls, but in reality it was Antonius and Fulvia. She, the mother-in‑law of Octavian and wife of Antony, had no respect for Lepidus because of his slothfulness, and managed affairs herself, so that neither the senate nor the people transacted any business contrary to her pleasure."
Shortly afterwards, the triumvirs then distributed the provinces among them. Lepidus took the west and Antony went to Egypt, where he met Cleopatra VII. When Octavian returned to Rome in 41 BC to disperse land to Caesar's veterans, he divorced Fulvia's daughter and accused Fulvia of aiming at supreme power. Fulvia allied with her brother-in-law Lucius Antonius and publicly endorsed Mark Antony in opposition to Octavian.
In 41 BC, tensions between Octavian and Fulvia escalated to war in Italy. Together with Lucius Antonius, she raised eight legions in Italy to fight for Antony's rights against Octavian, an event known as the Perusine War. Fulvia fled to Greece with her children. Appian writes that she met Antony in Athens, and he was upset with her involvement in the war. Antony then sailed back to Rome to deal with Octavian, and Fulvia died of an unknown illness in exile in Sicyon, near Corinth, Achaea.Blindado
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Achaea. Sicyonia, Sicyon. Septimius Severus AE242 Assaria (AE, 5.3 g, 24 mm), c. 198-205.
Obv: Laureate head of Septimius Severus to right.
Rev: Diony sos standing left with kantharos and thyrsus.
Uncertain C/Mancientone
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ACHAIA, Aigieon. 37-31 BC.AE hexachalkon (5.67 g)
Theoxios and Kletaios, magistrates.
obv: Laureate head of Zeus right
rev: Zeus standing right, holding eagle on outstretched arm and preparing to cast thunderbolt; ΘEOΞIOΣ KΛHTAIOΣ around. Kroll, Bronze 2; BCD Peloponnesos 436.
Located along the northern coast of the Peloponnesos, Achaia was a narrow territory between Sicyon and Elis. One theory suggests that Achaia’s original inhabitants were driven to the area from Achaia Phthoitis, which itself was located across the Gulf of Corinth in southern Thessaly. A number of prehistoric and Mycenaean ruins in the western part of the Achaia indicate that the district was long inhabited, even into remote antiquity. Twelve city-states were located there: Aigai, Aigira, Aigion, Bura, Dyme, Helike, Olenos, Patrai, Pherai, Pelene, Rhypes, and Tritaia. Achaian colonies were established in Magna Graecia at Kroton, Kaulonia, Metapontion, and Sybaris. From the mid-5th century onward, much of the history of Achaia is interconnected with the Achaian League. Dino
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Alexander III, 336-323 BC; Corinth 310-290 BCAR tetradrachm, 16.83g, Choice VF
Head Herakles right wearing lion skin knotted at neck / BAΣIΛEΩΣ AΛEΞANΔPOY, Zeus seated left on throne ornamented with Nikai, holding eagle and sceptre; statue of Athena in left field, OΛ within wreath under throne. Rare.
Price 694; Noe, Sicyon 37
Consigned to ForvmLawrence W
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C. Graffito: Marcian AV Solidus, Constantinople, 450-7 CE, cross etched in obv. fieldRoman Imperial / Byzantine. Marcian AV Solidus (4.45g, 20mm, 5h), Constantinople, c. 450-457 CE.
Obv: D N MARCIANVS P F AVG. Helmeted & cuirassed bust facing three-quarters right, holding spear & shield decorated with equestrian motif (horseman spearing fallen enemy). Graffito (cross) in r. field.
Rev: VICTORIA AVGGG Z / CONOB in exergue. Victory standing left, holding cross; star in right field.
Ref: RIC 510; DOC 481.
Prov: Ex-Auctiones Gmbh 34 (22 Feb 2015), Lot 136.
Notes: "Graffito" (pl., "graffiti") may seem to be nothing more than damage, detracting artistically. But oftentimes it contributes something as well. It may give us evidence for an additional chapter in the "object biography" of a coin, telling us how it was used and what it meant to its users in antiquity.
The reasons for scratching characters into the surfaces of their coins are often lost to us, but not always. In this case, at least the surface meaning is obvious. It is an example of the pervasive religious graffiti in the form of crosses found on "Byzantine" (i.e., late Eastern Roman) gold coins.
But questions do remain: Was it just a widespread cultural custom to inscribe crosses anywhere possible? Was it a means of showing religious affiliation and cultural membership? Was it meant as a blessing, possibly with some anticipated benefit, either for the person, for the transaction, or even for the Emperor (next to whose face it is inscribed)?
Beyond the technical ease with which it is scratched, perhaps gold money especially required purification, given its distinctly worldly character. (It is worth noting the rev. design already included a cross; perhaps this individual felt that wasn't sufficient, and that the absence of a cross on the obverse demanded remedy.)
See Also: For graffito with religious significance, but in the much older context of a small hoard of Boeotian Theban staters (interpreted as the religious dedication of a "tithe" of spoils), see Liampi (AJN 2008) "NIKA, ΛEIA: Graffiti on Sicyonian and Theban Staters in a New Hoard from Boeotia / Beginning of 2000": https://www.jstor.org/stable/43580312Curtis JJ
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Chimaera and Dove Sikyonia, Sikyon, 330/20-280 BC, AR Triobol
Chimaera standing left; ΣI below. / Dove flying left; Δ above tail feathers. BCD Peloponnesos 298 (this coin); BMC 112 var.; SNG Copenhagen 61 var. (ΔI on reverse) - very rare variant.
(15 mm, 2.99 g, 7h)
CNG; ex- BCD Collection; LHS 96 (8 May 2006) Lot 298.
The Chimaera, featured on the obverse of this coin, was a mythical fire-breathing beast; a composite of a lion, a goat and a snake. In myth, it inhabited Lycia in Asia Minor. It’s sighting was considered to be a portent or omen of storms, shipwrecks and natural disasters. The Chimaera’s representation in the arts is wholly Greek. It evolved to become a decorative motif in the region around Corinth. The pairing of a motif that forebodes disaster on the obverse, with a dove, the symbol of Aphrodite, goddess of love on the reverse is curious. Perhaps this was a metaphor for the ancients’ view of the double-sided nature of life?
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FulviaBust of Fulvia (as Nike) right
Athena standing left, holding shield and spear; ΦOYΛOYIANON in right field, ZMEPTOPIΓOΣ ΦIΛΩNIΔOΥ in two lines in left field.
Phrygia 41, 40 BC
6.69g
Rare
Ex-Savoca
RPC 3139; SNG München –; BMC 21
Fulvia married Mark Antony in 44 BC, and became an outspoken defender of his interests in Rome while he campaigned in the East. The city name of Eumenea in Phrygia was changed to Fulvia on the occasion of Mark Antony's journey to the east in 41 BC. Fulvia was to die at Sicyon the next year, hence this was a short-lived coinage. Sometime afterward these coins struck at "Fulviana" had their ethnic scratched off, and two countermarks were applied: one may be resolved as Eumeneia; the other as Philonidos, (although Zmertorix himself has been suggested). These countermarks suggest that, rather than melting down the coinage of Fulvia and striking new coins, a more expeditious solution was required to keep needed currency in circulation. This coin was not countermarked Jay GT4
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GREEK, Sikyonia, Sikyon, 330/20-280 BC, AR Triobol - BMC 112 var.Chimaera standing left; ΣI below. / Dove flying left; Δ above tail feathers.
BCD Peloponnesos 298 (this coin); BMC 112 var.; SNG Copenhagen 61 var. (ΔI on reverse) - very rare variant.
(15 mm, 2.99 g 7h)
ex-BCD Collection; LHS 96 (8 May 2006) Lot 298.
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Macedonian Kingdom: Demetrios I Poliorketes (306-283 BCE) AR Tetradrachm, Corinth (Price 691; Noe, Sicyon 29.4 ) Obv: Head of Herakles right, wearing lion's skin headdress
Rev: AΛEΞANΔPOY; Zeus Aëtophoros seated left; aphlaston in left field, ΔO below throne
Quant.Geek
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Peloponnesos, Sikyon AE Chalkous, Dove & Wreath (BCD Peloponnesos 328.11 = J. Warren No. 8A.13i)Photo Credit: Forum GB29479 [LINK]
Greek (Classical). Sikyonia, Sikyon AE Chalkous (14mm, 2.00g, 7h), c. 190-146 BCE.
Obv: Dove flying left, K to left.
Rev: ΣΙ within wreath.
Ref: BCD Peloponnesos 328.11 = Warren No. 8A.13i (Warren, Jennifer, 1984, “The Autonomous Bronze Coinage of Sicyon (Part 2),” Num. Chron. 144: described on p. 8, illustrated on pl. 1, No. 13) [LINK]; HGC 5, 278 (citing BCD 326-329). See also (this coin): Coin Project ID 29479 [LINK].
Prov: Ex BCD Collection; LHS 96 (8 May 2006), Lost 328 (part); Forum Ancient Coins (Joe Sermarini), n.d., GB29479 [LINK].
Notes: The Forum listing gave two different date ranges which actually serve to bookend the widely disparate dates proposed by scholars and dealers: "c. 196 - 146 B.C." in the title and "c. 323 - 251 B.C." in the description. BCD Peloponnesos (cat. by ASW) gave the later range (close to Jennifer Warren's above). The earliest bronzes of this type are usually dated c. 330-320 BCE (e.g., HGC 5, 260 = Warren 1998, 218 = BCD Pelo 313 [LINK]). The style remained remarkably consistent for perhaps 150-180 years, so, until I find the dispute in the literature, I'm guessing that dealers sometimes assign the early date to later coins by mistake.Curtis JJ
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Phrygia, Eumeneia (Fulviana), Fulvia BMC Phrygia 21Fulvia, wife of Marcus Antonius, c. 41-40 BC
AE 20, 7.43g
struck under magistrate Zmertorix, son of Philonidas
obv. Head of Fulvia as winged Nike, draped, with chignon, r.
rev. Athena, in chiton and peplos, helmeted, advancing l., holding spear and round
shield
FOVLOVIANWN / ZMERTORIGOC / FILWNIDOV
RPC I 3139; BMC Phrygia 21
rare, good F
Fulvia was the first real woman depicted on a coin!
Fulvia was first married to P. Clodius, the Roman firebrand. After his violent death in 52 BC she married C. Scribonius Curio, who likewise met an untimely end in Africa. She married Mark Antony in 44 BC, and became an outspoken defender of his interests in Rome while he campaigned in the east (and enjoyed the attentions of Cleopatra). The city of Eumenia was re-named Fulviana in her honor by Antony's partisans. By 40 BC Fulvia's strident attacks on Octavian had provoked a reaction, and she had to flee first to southern Italy and then to Greece. She met Antony at Athens, where he upbraided her for antagonizing Octavian when he was trying to maintain a semblance of cordial relations. Fulvia died at Sicyon shortly thereafter. Sometime afterward these coins struck at "Fulviana" had their ethnic scratched off.Jochen
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Severus Alexander Salus
Hygieia (Roman equivalent: Salus) was a daughter of Asclepius. She was the goddess of health, cleanliness and sanitation (and later: the moon), and played an important part in her father's cult (see also: asklepieion). While her father was more directly associated with healing, she was associated with the prevention of sickness and the continuation of good health.
Though Hygieia had been the subject of a local cult since at least the 7th century BC, she did not begin to spread out until the Oracle at Delphi recognized her, and after the devastating Athens plague in 429 and 427 BC and in Rome in 293 BC. Her primary temples were in Epidaurus, Corinth, Cos and Pergamon.
Pausanias remarked that, at the asclepieion of Titane in Sicyon (founded by Alexanor, Asclepius' grandson), statues of Hygieia were covered by women's hair and pieces of Babylonian clothes. According to inscriptions, the same sacrifices were offered at Paros.
Ariphron, a Sicyonian artist from the 4th century BC wrote a well-known hymn celebrating her. Statues of Hygieia were created by Scopas, Bryaxis and Timotheus, among others.
She was often depicted as a young woman feeding a large snake that was wrapped around her body. Sometimes the snake would be drinking from a jar that she carried. These attributes were later adopted by the Gallo-Roman healing goddess, Sirona.
Severus Alexander Denarius, RIC 14, RSC 218, BMC 33
222 AD. IMP C M AVR SEV ALEXAND AVG, laureate, draped & cuirassed bust right /P M TR P COS P P, Salus seated left, feeding snake arising from altar.
Base metal.
ecoli
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Sicyon AE dove & tripodSikyon, 2nd century BC. 15mm, 2.65g
Obverse: dove right feeding. Reverse: tripod in wreath. SNG Copenhagen 111; BMC Peloponnesus pg. 50, 182. ex areich, photo credit areichPodiceps
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Sicyon Peloponnesos Silver HemidrachmSecyon Peloponnesos
Silver Hemidrachm 2.8 gram
Obverse: Chimaera standing Left
Reverse: Dove flying Left _12500
Antonivs Protti
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Sicyon; Triobol, 90-60 BC2.00g. BCD-351.3, Grose-6300. Obv: Dove flying l. Rx: Large sigma, magistrate's name around. Ex John Twente Animal Collection; ex Glendining, 20 March 1991, lot 92 (part).
HJBerk BBS 163, lot 113. VFDino
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Sikyon, Peloponnesos, Greece, c. 335 - 330 B.C.Silver stater, BCD Peloponnesos 218; SNG Cop 48; Traité III 776; BMC Peloponnesus p. 40, 57; HGC 5 201, gVF, well centered, toned, light marks areas of porosity, 12.150g, 24.7mm, Sikyon mint, c. 335 - 330 B.C.; obverse chimera advancing left on exergue line, right fore-paw raised, wreath above, SE below; reverse dove flying left, N left, all within olive wreath tied on right.
Sikyon was located in the northern Peloponnesos between Corinth and Achaea. Sicyon was known in antiquity for its industries including wood sculpture, bronze work, and pottery. Its central location meant it was frequently involved in the wars of its neighbors, Thebes, Corinth, Athens and Sparta.
From The Sam Mansourati Collection / FORVM Ancient Coins.
Sam
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Tyche of AntiochLate Roman marble copy of the original Greek bronze cultic statue by Eutychides of Sicyon. Located in the Vatican Museum (Galleria dei Candelabri).Abu Galyon
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Tyche of AntiochThe Tyche of Antioch was a cult statue of the city goddess (fortune) of Antioch, venerated in a temple called the Tychaion. The statue was made by Eutychides of Sicyon (c. 335 - c. 275), a pupil of the great Lysippus. It was the best-known piece of Seleucid art, remarkable because it was sculpted to be viewed from all directions, unlike many statues from the period. Although the original has been lost, many copies exist, including the one in the photograph right, now at the Vatican. The goddess is seated on a rock (Mount Sipylus), has her right foot on a swimming figure (the river Orontes), wears a mural crown (the city’s walls), and has grain in her right hand (the city's fertility).Joe Sermarini
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![[LINK]](https://www.forumancientcoins.com/catalog/roman-and-greek-coins.asp?param=29479q00.jpg&zpg=28388){kind=link}
