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Image search results - "Senatus"
Vespasian_As_Victory.jpg
Vespasian, 1 July 69 - 24 June 79 A.D.
Copper as, RIC II-1 336, BMCRE II 616, BnF III 595, Cohen I 632, Hunter I 119, SRCV I -, Choice VF, superb portrait, well centered on a tight flan, green patina with bare metal high points, scattered porosity, Rome mint, weight 11.694g, maximum diameter 26.9mm, die axis 180o, 71 A.D.; obverse IMP CAES VESPASIAN AVG COS III, laureate head right; reverse VICTORIA NAVALIS (the naval victory), Victory standing right on a galley prow, wreath in extended right hand, palm frond over left shoulder in left hand, S - C (senatus consulto) flanking low across field; from an Israeli collection, Ex Forum
1 commentspaul1888
3B1A9E7D-41CA-4356-9307-03EA7888EA91_4_5005_c.jpeg
Trajan: Augustus 98-117 AD Trajan ‘heroic bust’ AR Denarius
Denomination: AR Denarius
Year: Autumn 116-August 117 AD
Bust: Laureate ‘heroic’ bust right, wearing aegis, with bare chest showing
Obverse: IMP CAES NER TRAIAN OPTIM AVG GERM DAC
Reverse: PARTHICO P M TR P COS VI P P S P Q R
Type: Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and cornucopiae
Mint: Rome
Weight & Measures: 3.41g; 19mm
RIC: RIC 333
Provenance: Ex Michael Kelly Collection of Roman Silver Coins; Ex CNG, E-sale 99, Lot 623 (10/13/2004).

Translation: OB: Imperator Caesar Nerva Trajan Optimus Princeps Augustus, Germanicus, Dacicus; for Emperor Caesar Nerva Trajan, The most perfect prince, Augustus, Conquerer of the Germans and Daicians.
Translation: Rev: Parthicus, Pontifex Maximus, Tribunicia Potestate, Consul VI, Pater Patriae, Senatus Populusque Romanus; for Conquer of the Parthians, High Priest, Tribune of the Roman people, Consul for the 6th time, Father of his country, as recognized by the senate and the people of Rome.

Notes: Felicitas, Roman goddess of good luck.
1 commentsJustin L1
nerva.jpg
(0096) NERVA96 - 98 AD
struck 97 AD
Copper as, 28.3 mm; 10.735 g RIC II 83, BMCRE III 130, Cohen II 68, BnF III 116, Hunter I -, SRCV II
O: IMP NERVA CAES AVG P M TR P COS III P P, laureate head right;
R: FORTVNA AVGVST (good fortune of the Emperor), Fortuna standing left, rudder held by tiller in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, S - C (senatus consulto) flanking across field;
Rome mint; RIC II 83, BMCRE III 130, Cohen II 68, BnF III 116, Hunter I -, SRCV II --from the Butte College Foundation, ex Lindgren
(ex Forum)
laney
trajan_senatus_gr.jpg
(0098) TRAJAN98 - 117 AD
AE 26.5 mm 11.82 g
O: IMP CAES NER TRAIANO OPTIMO AVG GER DAC P M TR P COS VI P P - Radiate bust right, draped
R: SENATVS POPVLVSQVE ROMANVS S-C – Felicitas standing left holding caduceus and cornucopia
Mint: Rome
RIC II, 674
1 commentslaney
QUAD.jpg
(098-117) TRAJAN QuadransTitulature avers : IMP CAES NERVA TRAIAN AVG .
Description avers : Buste lauré de Trajan à droite, drapé sur l'épaule gauche (O*2) .
Traduction avers : "Imperator Cæsar Nerva Traianus Augustus", (L'empereur césar Nerva Trajan auguste).
Titulature revers : S C à l’exergue .
Description revers : Louve marchant à droite .
Traduction revers : "Senatus Consulto", (Par décret du Sénat) .

N° dans les ouvrages de référence : C.338 var. (6f.) - RIC.692 (S) - BMC/RE.1060 pl. 43/8 - H.1/645 - MAR.- - RCV.3246 var. (275$) - MRK.27 /144 var.
B*Numis
1__claudius_~0.jpg
001.Claudius 41-54 ADAE As
Mint: Rome, Date:41-50 AD
Ref: RIC I-95
Obv: TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG PM TR P IMP - Bare head left
Rev: CONSTANTIAE AVGVSTI S-C-Constantia standing front, head turned left, Right hand up, holding spear.
S-C -Senatus Consulto,struck by the public authority of the Senate,"by decree of the Senate"
Size: 28 mm;8.86 gms
Ref: RIC I-95
Brian L
NeroDECVRSIOSestertiusRome.JPG
005. Nero 54-68AD. AE Sestertius, Rome mint, 63AD. DECVRSIO. 38.6mmObv. Laureate ead right, wearing aegis NERO CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG GERM P M TR P IMP P P
Rev. Nero on horseback prancing right, wearing cuirass, short tunic, and billowing cloak, spear in right hand, to right soldier moving right. carrying vexillum; to leftin shallow relief, soldier running right DECVRSIO in ex
BMCRE 155; Cohen 94, RIC I 176 var (obv legend)
38.6mm, 180o, 63 A.D. Rome mint.
This sestertius was an early emission from the Rome Mint, which resumed striking bronze after about 10 years of inactivity. The talented engraver, perhaps with extra time for this initial project, produced one of the best dies in the entire imperial bronze series. The special style, complemented by superior execution, has similarities to later medallions.


The fine expressive portrait has higher relief than the more common Lugdunum issues.
The reverse uses the roundness of the flan and three geometric planes of relief to both present the scene in a format that draws the eye to the emperor and show movement that is lacking on almost all other Roman coins. The rare use of geometric planes was repeated on ADLOCVTIO sestertii of Galba five years later, perhaps the work of the same artist. Rome sestertii after 70 A.D. are of far less impressive style.


The lack of SC leaves the reverse fields uncluttered. SC stood for Senatus Consultum, "By Decree of the Senate" and signified the role of the Senate in the minting of brass and bronze coinage. Many sestertii of Caligula and some brass and bronze of Nero lack SC. Subsequent issues include SC again, until inflation produced the demise of the sestertius under Gallienus, c. 265 AD
5 commentsLordBest
nerosestertiusric138.jpg
005. Nero 54-68AD. AE Sestertius, Rome mint, 65AD. Annona & Ceres. 35.6mm Orichalcum sestertius, RIC I 138, BMCRE I 129, Mac Dowall WCN 128, Cohen I 18, BnF II -, Hunter I -, SRCV -, EF, superb portrait, full legends, attractive toning, bumps, light smoothing, Rome mint, weight 26.564g, maximum diameter 35.6mm, die axis 180o, 65 A.D.; obverse NERO CLAVD CAESAR AVG GER P M TR P IMP P P (Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus Pontifex Maximus Tribunicia Potestate Imperator Pater Patriae), laureate head left, short beard visible, no globe at point of bust; reverse ANNONA AVGVSTI CERES, Annona standing right, right hand on hip, cornucopia in left hand, facing Ceres enthroned left, veiled, feet on footstool, stalks of grain in right hand, torch in left hand; in center modius on garlanded altar, prow behind, S C (senatus consulto) in exergue3 commentsLordBest
AS Augusto RIC 379~0.jpg
01-14 - AUGUSTO (27 A.C. - 14 D.C.)AE AS (Serie de los Triunviros Monetales) 27 mm 9.0 gr.
Legado Monetario C GALLIUS LUPERCUS

Anv: "[CAE]SAR AVGVSTVS TRI
BV[NIC POTEST]"
- Busto a cabeza desnuda viendo a derecha.
Rev: "C·GAL[LIVS C F LVPERCVS III V]IR A A A F F" - Leyenda alrededor de gran "S C ".
"SENATUS CONSULTO" - Era potestad del Senado la promulgación de la acuñación de las emisiones de bronce (cobre) - Ley Julia (19-15 A.C.)

Acuñada 16 A.C.
Ceca: Roma
Rareza: C

Referencias: RIC Vol.1 #379 Pag.70 - Sear RCTV Vol.1 #1679 Pag.330 - BMCRE #174 (=BMCRR #4510) - Cohen Vol.1 #436 Pag.124 - DVM #99a Pag.71 - CBN #428
mdelvalle
RIC_379_AS_Octavio_Augusto.jpg
01-14 - AUGUSTO (27 A.C. - 14 D.C.)AE AS (Serie de los Triunviros Monetales) 27 mm 9.0 gr.
Legado Monetario C GALLIUS LUPERCUS

Anv: "[CAE]SAR AVGVSTVS TRI
BV[NIC POTEST]"
- Busto a cabeza desnuda viendo a derecha.
Rev: "C·GAL[LIVS C F LVPERCVS III V]IR A A A F F" - Leyenda alrededor de gran "S C ".
"SENATUS CONSULTO" - Era potestad del Senado la promulgación de la acuñación de las emisiones de bronce (cobre) - Ley Julia (19-15 A.C.)

Acuñada 16 A.C.
Ceca: Roma
Rareza: C

Referencias: RIC Vol.1 #379 Pag.70 - Sear RCTV Vol.1 #1679 Pag.330 - BMCRE #174 (=BMCRR #4510) - Cohen Vol.1 #436 Pag.124 - DVM #99a Pag.71 - CBN #428
mdelvalle
AS Augusto RIC 386.jpg
01-15 - AUGUSTO (27 A.C. - 14 D.C.)AE AS (Serie de los Triunviros Monetales) 25 mm 8.4 gr.
Legado Monetario L SURDINUS

Anv: "CAESAR AVGVSTVS TRIBVNIC POTEST" - Busto a cabeza desnuda viendo a derecha.
Rev: "[L] SVRDINVS [III VIR A A A F F]" - Leyenda alrededor de gran "S C ".
"SENATUS CONSULTO" - Era potestad del Senado la promulgación de la acuñación de las emisiones de bronce (cobre) - Ley Julia (19-15 A.C.)

Acuñada 15 A.C.
Ceca: Roma
Rareza: C

Referencias: RIC Vol.1 #386 Pag.70 - Sear RCTV Vol.1 #1683 Pag.331 - BMCRE #144 (=BMCRR #4631) - Cohen Vol.1 #473 Pag.131 - DVM #99 var Pag.71 - CBN #483
mdelvalle
RIC_386_AS_Octavio_Augusto.jpg
01-15 - AUGUSTO (27 A.C. - 14 D.C.)AE AS (Serie de los Triunviros Monetales) 25 mm 8.4 gr.
Legado Monetario L SURDINUS

Anv: "CAESAR AVGVSTVS TRIBVNIC POTEST" - Busto a cabeza desnuda viendo a derecha.
Rev: "[L] SVRDINVS [III VIR A A A F F]" - Leyenda alrededor de gran "S C ".
"SENATUS CONSULTO" - Era potestad del Senado la promulgación de la acuñación de las emisiones de bronce (cobre) - Ley Julia (19-15 A.C.)

Acuñada 15 A.C.
Ceca: Roma
Rareza: C

Referencias: RIC Vol.1 #386 Pag.70 - Sear RCTV Vol.1 #1683 Pag.331 - BMCRE #144 (=BMCRR #4631) - Cohen Vol.1 #473 Pag.131 - DVM #99 var Pag.71 - CBN #483
mdelvalle
AS Augusto RIC 379.jpg
01-17 - AUGUSTO (27 A.C. - 14 D.C.)AE AS (Serie de los Triunviros Monetales) 27 x 29 mm 9.9 gr.
Legado Monetario C PLOTIUS RUFUS

Anv: "[CAESAR AVGVSTVS TRIBVNIC POTEST]" - Busto a cabeza desnuda viendo a derecha.
Rev: "C·PLOT[IVS·RVFVS·III VIR A·A·]A·F·F·" - Leyenda alrededor de gran "S C ".
"SENATUS CONSULTO" - Era potestad del Senado la promulgación de la acuñación de las emisiones de bronce (cobre) - Ley Julia (19-15 A.C.)

Acuñada 15 A.C.
Ceca: Roma
Rareza: C

Referencias: RIC Vol.1 #389 Pag.71 - Sear RCTV Vol.1 #1680 Pag.330 - BMCRE #153 (=BMCRR #4639) - Cohen Vol.1 #504 Pag.137 - DVM #99d Pag.71 - CBN #503/12
mdelvalle
RIC_389_AS_Octavio_Augusto.jpg
01-17 - AUGUSTO (27 A.C. - 14 D.C.)AE AS (Serie de los Triunviros Monetales) 27 x 29 mm 9.9 gr.
Legado Monetario C PLOTIUS RUFUS

Anv: "[CAESAR AVGVSTVS TRIBVNIC POTEST]" - Busto a cabeza desnuda viendo a derecha.
Rev: "C·PLOT[IVS·RVFVS·III VIR A·A·]A·F·F·" - Leyenda alrededor de gran "S C ".
"SENATUS CONSULTO" - Era potestad del Senado la promulgación de la acuñación de las emisiones de bronce (cobre) - Ley Julia (19-15 A.C.)

Acuñada 15 A.C.
Ceca: Roma
Rareza: C

Referencias: RIC Vol.1 #389 Pag.71 - Sear RCTV Vol.1 #1680 Pag.330 - BMCRE #153 (=BMCRR #4639) - Cohen Vol.1 #504 Pag.137 - DVM #99d Pag.71 - CBN #503/12
mdelvalle
AS Augusto RIC 427.jpg
01-23 - AUGUSTO (27 A.C. - 14 D.C.)AE AS (Serie de los Triunviros Monetales) 24 mm 8.3 gr.
Legado Monetario PLURIUS AGRIPPA

Anv: "[CA]ESAR AVGVS[T PONT MAX TRIBVNIC POT]" - Busto a cabeza desnuda viendo a derecha.
Rev: "PLVRIVS AGRIPPA [III VIR A A A F F]" - Leyenda alrededor de gran "S C ".
"SENATUS CONSULTO" - Era potestad del Senado la promulgación de la acuñación de las emisiones de bronce (cobre) - Ley Julia (19-15 A.C.)

Acuñada 7 A.C.
Ceca: Roma
Rareza: C

Referencias: RIC Vol.1 #427 Pag.75 - Sear RCTV Vol.1 #1686 Pag.331 - BMCRE #209 - Cohen Vol.1 #445 Pag.126 - DVM #100a Pag.71 - CBN #623
mdelvalle
RIC_427_AS_Octavio_Augusto.jpg
01-23 - AUGUSTO (27 A.C. - 14 D.C.)AE AS (Serie de los Triunviros Monetales) 24 mm 8.3 gr.
Legado Monetario PLURIUS AGRIPPA

Anv: "[CA]ESAR AVGVS[T PONT MAX TRIBVNIC POT]" - Busto a cabeza desnuda viendo a derecha.
Rev: "PLVRIVS AGRIPPA [III VIR A A A F F]" - Leyenda alrededor de gran "S C ".
"SENATUS CONSULTO" - Era potestad del Senado la promulgación de la acuñación de las emisiones de bronce (cobre) - Ley Julia (19-15 A.C.)

Acuñada 7 A.C.
Ceca: Roma
Rareza: C

Referencias: RIC Vol.1 #427 Pag.75 - Sear RCTV Vol.1 #1686 Pag.331 - BMCRE #209 - Cohen Vol.1 #445 Pag.126 - DVM #100a Pag.71 - CBN #623
mdelvalle
AS Augusto RIC 431.jpg
01-24 - AUGUSTO (27 A.C. - 14 D.C.)AE AS (Serie de los Triunviros Monetales) 28 mm 11.7 gr.
Legado Monetario M SALVIUS OTHO

Anv: "CAESAR AVGVST[PONT MAX TRIBVNIC POT]" - Busto a cabeza desnuda viendo a derecha.
Rev: "M SALVIVS OTH[O III VI]R A A A F F" - Leyenda alrededor de gran "S C ".
"SENATUS CONSULTO" - Era potestad del Senado la promulgación de la acuñación de las emisiones de bronce (cobre) - Ley Julia (19-15 A.C.)

Acuñada 7 A.C.
Ceca: Roma
Rareza: C

Referencias: RIC Vol.1 #431 Pag.75 - Sear RCTV Vol.1 #1685 Pag.331 - BMCRE #226 (=BMCRR #4693) - Cohen Vol.1 #515 Pag.139 - DVM #100b Pag.71 - CBN #687
mdelvalle
RIC_431_AS_Octavio_Augusto.jpg
01-24 - AUGUSTO (27 A.C. - 14 D.C.)AE AS (Serie de los Triunviros Monetales) 28 mm 11.7 gr.
Legado Monetario M SALVIUS OTHO

Anv: "CAESAR AVGVST[PONT MAX TRIBVNIC POT]" - Busto a cabeza desnuda viendo a derecha.
Rev: "M SALVIVS OTH[O III VI]R A A A F F" - Leyenda alrededor de gran "S C ".
"SENATUS CONSULTO" - Era potestad del Senado la promulgación de la acuñación de las emisiones de bronce (cobre) - Ley Julia (19-15 A.C.)

Acuñada 7 A.C.
Ceca: Roma
Rareza: C

Referencias: RIC Vol.1 #431 Pag.75 - Sear RCTV Vol.1 #1685 Pag.331 - BMCRE #226 (=BMCRR #4693) - Cohen Vol.1 #515 Pag.139 - DVM #100b Pag.71 - CBN #687
mdelvalle
AS Augusto RIC 431_1.jpg
01-25 - AUGUSTO (27 A.C. - 14 D.C.)AE AS (Serie de los Triunviros Monetales) 25 mm 7.3 gr.
Legado Monetario M SALVIUS OTHO

Anv: "CAESAR AVGVST [PONT MAX TRIBVNIC POT]" - Busto a cabeza desnuda viendo a derecha.
Rev: "M SALVIVS OTH[O III VI]R A A A F F" - Leyenda alrededor de gran "S C ".
"SENATUS CONSULTO" - Era potestad del Senado la promulgación de la acuñación de las emisiones de bronce (cobre) - Ley Julia (19-15 A.C.)

Acuñada 7 A.C.
Ceca: Roma
Rareza: C

Referencias: RIC Vol.1 #431 Pag.75 - Sear RCTV Vol.1 #1685 Pag.331 - BMCRE #226 (=BMCRR #4693) - Cohen Vol.1 #515 Pag.139 - DVM #100b Pag.71 - CBN #687
mdelvalle
RIC_431_AS_Octavio_Augusto_1.jpg
01-25 - AUGUSTO (27 A.C. - 14 D.C.)AE AS (Serie de los Triunviros Monetales) 25 mm 7.3 gr.
Legado Monetario M SALVIUS OTHO

Anv: "CAESAR AVGVST [PONT MAX TRIBVNIC POT]" - Busto a cabeza desnuda viendo a derecha.
Rev: "M SALVIVS OTH[O III VI]R A A A F F" - Leyenda alrededor de gran "S C ".
"SENATUS CONSULTO" - Era potestad del Senado la promulgación de la acuñación de las emisiones de bronce (cobre) - Ley Julia (19-15 A.C.)

Acuñada 7 A.C.
Ceca: Roma
Rareza: C

Referencias: RIC Vol.1 #431 Pag.75 - Sear RCTV Vol.1 #1685 Pag.331 - BMCRE #226 (=BMCRR #4693) - Cohen Vol.1 #515 Pag.139 - DVM #100b Pag.71 - CBN #687
mdelvalle
AS Augusto RIC 432.jpg
01-26 - AUGUSTO (27 A.C. - 14 D.C.)AE AS (Serie de los Triunviros Monetales) 27 mm 9.6 gr.
Legado Monetario M SALVIUS OTHO

Anv: "[CAE]SAR AVGVST PONT [MAX TRIBVNIC POT]" - Busto a cabeza desnuda viendo a izquierda.
Rev: "M SALVI[VS OT]HO III VIR A A A F F" - Leyenda alrededor de gran "S C ".
"SENATUS CONSULTO" - Era potestad del Senado la promulgación de la acuñación de las emisiones de bronce (cobre) - Ley Julia (19-15 A.C.)

Acuñada 7 A.C.
Ceca: Roma
Rareza: C

Referencias: RIC Vol.1 #432 Pag.75 - Sear RCTV Vol.1 #1685 var Pag.331 - Cohen Vol.1 #516 Pag.139 - DVM #100b var Pag.71 - CBN #708
mdelvalle
RIC_432_AS_Octavio_Augusto.jpg
01-26 - AUGUSTO (27 A.C. - 14 D.C.)AE AS (Serie de los Triunviros Monetales) 27 mm 9.6 gr.
Legado Monetario M SALVIUS OTHO

Anv: "[CAE]SAR AVGVST PONT [MAX TRIBVNIC POT]" - Busto a cabeza desnuda viendo a izquierda.
Rev: "M SALVI[VS OT]HO III VIR A A A F F" - Leyenda alrededor de gran "S C ".
"SENATUS CONSULTO" - Era potestad del Senado la promulgación de la acuñación de las emisiones de bronce (cobre) - Ley Julia (19-15 A.C.)

Acuñada 7 A.C.
Ceca: Roma
Rareza: C

Referencias: RIC Vol.1 #432 Pag.75 - Sear RCTV Vol.1 #1685 var Pag.331 - Cohen Vol.1 #516 Pag.139 - DVM #100b var Pag.71 - CBN #708
mdelvalle
AS Augusto RIC 439.jpg
01-28 - AUGUSTO (27 A.C. - 14 D.C.) AE AS (Serie de los Triunviros Monetales) 23 mm 7.9 gr.
Legado Monetario SEX NONIUS QUINCTILIAN

Anv: "CAESAR AVG[VST PONT MAX TRI]BVNIC POT" - Busto a cabeza desnuda viendo a derecha.
Rev: "[SEX N]ONIVS QVINC[TIL]IAN III VIR A A A F F" - Leyenda alrededor de gran "S C".
"SENATUS CONSULTO" - Era potestad del Senado la promulgación de la acuñación de las emisiones de bronce (cobre) - Ley Julia (19-15 A.C.)

Acuñada 6 A.C.
Ceca: Roma
Rareza: S

Referencias: RIC Vol.1 #439 Pag.76 - Sear RCTV Vol.1 #1687 Pag.331 - BMCRE #237 (=BMCRR #4667) - Cohen Vol.1 #474 Pag.76 - CBN #725
mdelvalle
RIC_439_AS_Octavio_Augusto.jpg
01-28 - AUGUSTO (27 A.C. - 14 D.C.) AE AS (Serie de los Triunviros Monetales) 23 mm 7.9 gr.
Legado Monetario SEX NONIUS QUINCTILIAN

Anv: "CAESAR AVG[VST PONT MAX TRI]BVNIC POT" - Busto a cabeza desnuda viendo a derecha.
Rev: "[SEX N]ONIVS QVINC[TIL]IAN III VIR A A A F F" - Leyenda alrededor de gran "S C".
"SENATUS CONSULTO" - Era potestad del Senado la promulgación de la acuñación de las emisiones de bronce (cobre) - Ley Julia (19-15 A.C.)

Acuñada 6 A.C.
Ceca: Roma
Rareza: S

Referencias: RIC Vol.1 #439 Pag.76 - Sear RCTV Vol.1 #1687 Pag.331 - BMCRE #237 (=BMCRR #4667) - Cohen Vol.1 #474 Pag.76 - CBN #725
mdelvalle
RI_055g_img.jpg
055 - Commodus Denarius - RIC III (Commodus) 194Obv:- M COMM ANT P FEL AVG BRIT, Laureate head right
Rev:- PIETATI SENATVS / CVPP, Commodus standing right, holding roll & clasping hand of Genius Senatus standing left, holding scepter
Minted in Rome. A.D. 186-189
Reference:- RIC III (Commodus) 194. RSC 408.
maridvnvm
1270Hadrian_RIC968.jpg
0996 Hadrian Sestertius, Roma 128-29 AD Hadrian with Roma and SenateReference.
RIC II, 968; Banti 193; BMC 1364; C. 352; Hill 388; Strack 632; RIC 996

Bust A1

Obv. HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS P P
Laureate head

Rev. S C in field; COS III in ex
Hadrian, Roma and Senator adventus group: Hadrian stands left, the Senator stands right, Roma, holding spear, stands between them facing Emperor, and drawing his hand towards the extended hand of the Senator.

25.00 gr
33 mm
6h

Note.
The Romans often staged events in which the emperor was accompanied by actors dressed to personify symbolic personalities such as Annona, Liberalitas, Roma, et al. Here we see the emperor clasping the hand of the Senate in the presence of Roma, who stands behind them confirming their cooperative spirit by resting her hand on theirs.

This reverse type, representing "Concordia Senatus," likely commemorates the conferring of the title pater patriae upon Hadrian by the Senate in 128 AD.
1 commentsokidoki
Sergius_Silius.jpg
116-115 BC M. Sergius SilusHelmeted head of Roma right
EX SC before, ROMA and XVI in monogram gehind

Helmeted horseman galloping left, holding sword and severed Gallic head in left hand
M SERGI below, SILVS in ex, Q below horses's forelegs

Rome 116-115 BC

3.91g
VF+

Sear 163, RRC 286/1

This issuer strikes as a quaestor and by special decree of the Senate (EX Senatus Consulto). Quaestors were the immediate superiors of the moneyers and under unusual circumstances occasionally utilized their authority to produce coins.

Ex-Lucernae

2011 Forum Best of Type winner
8 commentsJay GT4
261-1_Domitia.jpg
261/1. Domitia - denarius (128 BC)AR Denarius (Rome, 128 BC)
O/ Helmeted head of Roma right; corn-ear behind; XVI below chin.
R/ Victory in biga right, holding reins in left hand and whip in right hand; ROMA above; man fighting lion below; CN DOM in exergue.
3.84g; 18mm
Crawford 261/1 (71 obverse dies/89 reverse dies)

* Gnaeus Domitius (Calvinus?):

Our moneyer belonged to the old plebeian gens Domitia, but his identity is unknown. Babelon and ancient numismatists thought he was Ahenobarbus, the Consul of 96 BC, but it is not possible as he was already moneyer in 118 (the Narbo issue). Crawford postulated that he was from a collateral branch of the Ahenobarbi, and therefore a cousin of the Consul of 96, because he considered here that the Senatus Consultum De Agro Pergameno dates from 131 BC, but it is now dated 101, thus the Cn. Domitius Cn. f. mentioned there is doubtless the future Consul of 96*.

Gnaeus Domitius was more likely a Calvinus, from the other main stirps of the Domitii, but none of them is known during the 2nd century.

The figure below the chariot on the reverse is quite mysterious. Earlier numismatists thought it was a reference to the dogs fought by Ahenobarbus, the Consul of 122 who vanquished the Allobroges, but it is impossible as the battle was fought in 121, seven years after the denarius. Crawford considers the beast to be a lion, and therefore a reference to games organised by an Aedile; the corn-ear on the obverse would be a further reference to an aedileship.

* Harold B. Mattingly, "The Date of the Senatus Consultum De Agro Pergameno" in The American Journal of Philology, Vol. 93, n°3, 1972, pp. 412-423.
Joss
297-1b_Quinctia.jpg
297/1b. Quinctia - denarius (112-111 BC)AR Denarius (Rome, 112-111 BC)
O/ Bust of Hercules seen from behind, with head turned to left and club over shoulder.
R/ Desultor right, wearing cuirass; control-mark behind; rat right between TI Q below; D.S.S. incuse on tablet in exergue.
3.82g; 118mm
Crawford 297/1b (87 obverse dies/109 reverse dies)
- Naville Numismatics Live Auction 36, lot 534.

* Tiberius Quinctius:

The attribution of this issue to a Tiberius Quinctius is dubious as the few letters on the reverse could mean different things. Crawford rules out the possibility that the Q stands for Quaestor, so it should only be the first letter of a nomen, hence the attribution to a Quinctius. However a Quinctilius is also possible.

The significance of the rat below the horses is an enigma. It apparently cannot be related to any cognomen; Crawford may be right to reject previous attempts to link it to a name -- the solution is probably not as easy as simply translating "rat", "mouse" or "rodent" in Latin. Mus ("mouse") was nonetheless an attested cognomen, but the gens Decia that bore it was already extinct by the end of the 2nd century.

The reverse with the desultor was perhaps a statue, as the legend DSS stands for "de Senatus Sententia", usually found on public monuments.
2 commentsJoss
coin245.JPG
308. Valerian IRIC 209 Valerian I 253-260 AD AR Antoninianus of Moesia. Radiate draped bust/Aequitas standing holding balance and cornucopia.

Publius Licinius Valerianus (ca. 200-260), known in English as Valerian, was Roman emperor from 253 to 260. His full Latin title was IMPERATOR · CAESAR · PVBLIVS · LICINIVS · VALERIANVS · PIVS FELIX · INVICTVS · AVGVSTVS — in English, "Emperor Caesar Publius Licinus Valerianus Pious Lucky Undefeated Augustus."

Unlike the majority of the usurpers of the crisis of the third century, Valerian was of a noble and traditional Senatorial family. Details of his early life are elusive, but his marriage to Egnatia Mariniana who gave him two sons: Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus and Valerianus Minor is known.

In 238 he was princeps senatus, and Gordian I negotiated through him for Senatorial acknowledgement for his claim as Emperor. In 251, when Decius revived the censorship with legislative and executive powers so extensive that it practically embraced the civil authority of the Emperor, Valerian was chosen censor by the Senate. Under Decius he was nominated governor of the Rhine provinces of Noricum and Raetia and retained the confidence of his successor, Trebonianus Gallus, who asked him for reinforcements to quell the rebellion of Aemilianus in 253. Valerian headed south, but was too late: Gallus' own troops killed him and joined Aemilianus before his arrival. The Raetian soldiers then proclaimed Valerian emperor and continued their march towards Rome. At the time of his arrival in September, Aemilianus' legions defected, killing him and proclaiming Valerian emperor. In Rome, the Senate quickly acknowledged him, not only for fear of reprisals, but also because he was one of their own.

Valerian's first act as emperor was to make his son Gallienus colleague. In the beginning of his reign the affairs in Europe went from bad to worse and the whole West fell into disorder. In the East, Antioch had fallen into the hands of a Persian vassal, Armenia was occupied by Shapur I (Sapor). Valerian and Gallienus split the problems of the Empire between the two, with the son taking the West and the father heading East to face the Persian threat.

By 257, Valerian had already recovered Antioch and returned the Syrian province to Roman control but in the following year, the Goths ravaged Asia Minor. Later in 259, he moved to Edessa, but an outbreak of plague killed a critical number of legionaries, weakening the Roman position. Valerian was then forced to seek terms with Shapur I. Sometime towards the end of 259, or at the beginning of 260, Valerian was defeated and made prisoner by the Persians (making him the only Roman Emperor taken captive). It is said that he was subjected to the greatest insults by his captors, such as being used as a human stepladder by Shapur when mounting his horse. After his death in captivity, his skin was stuffed with straw and preserved as a trophy in the chief Persian temple. Only after Persian defeat in last Persia-Roman war three and a half centuries later was his skin destroyed.
ecoli
caligula dupondius RIC56.jpg
37-41 AD - AUGUSTUS memorial Æ dupondius - struck under Caligula obv: DIVVS AVGVSTVS (radiate head of Augustus left), dividing S C
rev: CONSENSV SENAT ET EQ ORDIN P Q R (laureate & togate statue of Gaius Caligula seated left on curule chair, holding branch)
ref: RIC I 56 (Gaius); BMCRE 88; C.87 (at Augustus-as struck Tiberius-4 frcs). BMC90
mint: Rome
15.80gms, 29mm
Rare

In reverse the whole text: CONSENSV. SENATus ET EQuestris ORDINis Populi Que Romani. This coin probably features an image of an actual statue of the Caligula. Dio Cassius notes, that the Senate ordered a guard to keep watch at each of Caligula's statues. (Dio Cassius LIX.26). Just a few coin has S-C on the obverse, like this.
berserker
1__Julia_Mamaea.jpg
6. JULIA MAMAEA, Mother of Severus Alexander, Augusta 13 March 222 - February/March 235 ADAE Sesterius,Mint: Rome;Date: 226 AD
Ref: RIC 708
Obv: IVLIAMAMAEA AVGVSTA - Diademed, draped bust right.
Rev: VESTA - Vesta standing left, holding Palladium and scepter.
S-C -Senatus Consulto,struck by the public authority of the Senate,"by decree of the Senate".
Size: 17.98gm; 29.3 mm
1 commentsBrian L
Faustina_II_R699.jpg
AE As, RIC 3, p.347, 1680 - Faustina II, Venus, MarsFaustina II
Bronze As
Obverse: FAVSTINA AVGVSTA, draped bust right, hair in waves and bun at the back
Reverse: VENERI VICTRICI (to victorious Venus), Venus standing right, nude to the waist, both hands holding the right arm of Mars, Mars standing front, nude, helmeted head left, shield on his left arm, parazonium at left side, S - C (senatus consulto) across field.
AE, 11.911g, maximum diameter 26.5mm, die axis 195°
Ref.: RIC III MA1680 (R); BMCRE IV p. 543, MA999; Cohen III 241; SRCV II 5305; Hunter II p. 360, 78,
Ex Errett Bishop Collection
Ex Forum Ancient Coins
shanxi
Agrippa S C.jpg
Agrippa- AnepigraphicAgrippa – 63- 12 BC, Military commander and friend of Augustus

Obverse:

Head left wearing a rostral crown.

M.(Marcus) AGRIPPA L.F. (Lucius Filius = son of Lucius) COS. III (Consul for the third time.)

M:Marcus
L.F: Lucius Filius = son of Lucius
COS. III: Consul for the third time

Agrippa he wears a crown on his head which is decorated by prows of (war)ships, a so-called 'rostral crown' probably given to him to honour him as a fleetcommander during the battle of Actium, the decisiove battle in which Octavian defeated Marc Antony and Cleopatra.

Reverse:

S—C, Senatus Consulto

The reverse is 'anepigraphic' without text, apart from S.C. (Senatus Consulto = by approval of the Senate) Neptune holds a trident and has a dolphin on his outstretched hand. Neptune too is a reference to the sea and Agrippa's nautical carreer.

Domination: AS, Copper, 29 mm

Mint: Rome. This AS of Agrippa is struck under Caligula.

AGRIPPA
63 - 12 BC
Roman General
Agrippa was the companion of Octavian by the time Caesar was murdered in 44 BC. Agrippa was Octavian's most brilliant military commander. He defeated Pompeius in two naval battles and was responsible for for Octavian's victory over Mark Antony. When Octavian became emperor under the name Augustus Agrippa was second only to the emperor in authority. He suppressed rebellions, founded colonies and built an extensive road-network throughout the Roman empire.
Peter Wissing
Antoninus_Pius_Pius_Jupiter.jpg
Antoninus Pius S C JupiterAntoninus Pius, August 138 - 7 March 161 A.D.

Obverse:
laureate bust right, very slight drapery on left shoulder

ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P TR P COS III

ANTONINVS: Antonius
AVG: Augustus, emperor
PIVS: PIUS
P P: PP: Pater Patria, father of the country
TR P: Tribunicia Potestate. The tribunician power, the emperor as civil head of the state.
COS. III: Consul for the third time. One of the two chief magistrates of the Roman state, and often the emperor was one.

Reverse:

S C: Senatus Consulto, by Decree of the Senate

DES IIII
COS DES IIII indicating the Emperor had been designated to serve his fourth consulship starting on the first day of the new year

DES:
IIII:

Jupiter seated left on a facing throne, thunderbolt in right, long scepter vertical in left

Domination: Copper AS, size 25 mm

Mint: Rome mint, very end of 144 A.D
Peter Wissing
Augustus~0.jpg
AugustusAugustus, 16 January 27 B.C. - 19 August 14 A.D.

Obverse:

Augustus with his bare head right

CAESAR AVGVST PONT MAX TRIBVNIC POT

CAESAR: Ceasar, emperor
AVGVST: Agustus
PONT MAX: Pontifix Maximus,
TRIBVNIC: Tribunicia, tribunal
POT: POTESTAS, the people

Reverse:

M MAECILIVS TVLLVS III VIR A A A F F

M: Marcus
MAECILLIS: Maelcilius
TVLLVS: Tullus
IIIVIR: Triumviri
AAAFF: Auro, Argento, Aeri, Flando, Feriundo,

S . C, Senatus Consultum

I think the dots were used as centering devices, one see them sometimes on Soldiers/Standards coins although on this coin it is certainly a large dot.

Domination: AS, Copper

Mint: Rome

The Roman Moneyers (or you may prefer the title of Mint Magistrates) were also responsible for the minting of gold, silver and bronze coinage and they reported to the Senate. They were known as the Triumviri Monetales or Triumviri Auro, Argento, Aeri, Flando, Feriundo which is abbreviated as III VIR. A.A.A. F.F. which may be translated as 'Commision (or college) of three men under whom gold, silver and bronze coins were struck'. (Note that the order of the metals varies according to different references.) The title 'III VIR. A.A.A. F.F.' occurs rarely on Republic coins and when it is present it is usually seen in an abbreviated form such as 'III VIR'. It is interesting to note that the full title occurs frequently on the reverses of Augustan Aes

The College of the Three Moneyers was a revived republican tradition. This coin was struck under the supervision of Marcus Salvius Otho, an ancestor of the future emperor Otho. Later, the number of members was increased to four, and their names were not included on the coins.

TRP = This is short for tribunicia potestate - "with the power of the Tribune of the Plebs." The government of Rome was split into the Patricians (who were Senators) and the Plebians. Nine Tribunes of the Plebs were elected by both Plebs and Patricians every year to be in charge of the Plebian assembly. These Tribunes could not be injured because it could be punishable by death. They had veto powers, and they could prevent a law from being passed or an election. An emperor cannot technically rule on the Plebian assembly since he is a Patrician, but by taking the title he could be free from injury. On a coin, if this symbol is followed by a number, it depicts how many times he has been elected Tribune of the Plebs.
Peter Wissing
Augustus_RIC_86a.jpg
Augustus - [RIC 86a, BMC 41, CBN 1132, Cohen 19]Silver denarius, 3.13g, 18.44mm, 90 degree, Colonia Patricia mint, 19 B.C.

Obv. - CAESAR AVGVSTVS, bare head right

Rev. - SIGNIS RECEPTIS, Aquila on left and standard on right flanking S P Q R arranged around shield inscribed CL V

A superb piece with a particularly beautiful portrait and an attractive tone.

This famous and historically important denarius of Augustus commemorates the reconquest of the legionary eagles from the Parthians. These signa where lost, when Crassus was defeated at the battle of Carrhae and their return back to Rome was one of the greatest diplomatic successes Augustus had.

The CL V on the reverse of this issue represents the clipeus virtutis, which was - according to the Res Gestae Divi Augusti, the funerary inscription giving the achievements of Augustus - a golden shield displayed in the Curia Iulia that was given to Augustus by the Senate and the Roman people (Senatus PopulusQue Romanus) in commemoration of his virtue, piety, justice and clemency. Even though it seems to be obvious that Augustus must have been awarded the shield right after he achieved absolute power and declared the restoration of the Republic, Sydenham suggests "that there is no decisive evidence as to the exact date at which the golden shield was conferred, but the coins on which it is represented are of later date than the year BC 27". When, in 19 BC, the Parthians returned the standards they had captured from Crassus in 53, there would have been an excellent opportunity to once again recall Augustus' pietas, one of the virtues recorded on the clipeus.
___________

Purchased from VCoins seller Ancient Artifacts & Treasures, Inc. at the 2013 BRNA Dalton, GA coin show

Sold 25Apr2015 to Lucas Harsh Collection
2 commentsrenegade3220
augustus_322.jpg
Augustus RIC I, 322Augustus 27 BC - AD 14
AR - Denar, 3.83g, 20mm, Rome 19 BC, by moneyer Q Rustius
obv. Q RVSTIVS - FORTVNA, ANTIAT (in ex., hard to see!)
Busts, draped, jugate, r., of Fortuna Victrix, helmeted, holding patera in l.
hand, and Fortuna Felix, wearing stephane;
both busts rest on bar terminating at each end in a ram' s head
rev. CAESARI . AVGVSTO
A highly ornamented rectangular altar with a bowl on it, inscribed in front
FOR.RE
ex.: EX.S.C.
RIC I, 322; BMCR 2
R2; about VF, toned

FORTVNA ANTIATIS, Fortuna of Antium, one of the most important places of Fortuna worshipping, as two goddesses, sisters, FORTVNA VICTRIX, more male, and FORTVNA FELIX, more female. Or as two aspects of only one goddess?
On the rev. the altar of FORTVNA REDVX, erected by the Senatus for the lucky return of Augustus 19BC with the 53 standards from the Parthians in Rome near the Porta Capuana.
Q Rustius celebrates Augustus and his own hometown Antium.
4 commentsJochen
augustus_322~0.jpg
Augustus RIC I, 322Augustus 27 BC - AD 14
AR - Denar, 3.83g, 20mm, Rome 19 BC, by moneyer Q Rustius
obv. Q RVSTIVS - FORTVNAE (AE ligate)
in ex. ANTIAT (hardly to see!)
Busts, draped, jugate, r., of Fortuna Victrix, helmeted, holding patera in l.
hand, and Fortuna Felix, wearing stephane;
both busts rest on bar terminating at each end in a ram' s head
rev. CAESARI . AVGVSTO
A highly ornamented rectangular altar with a bowl on it, inscribed in front
FOR.RE
ex.: EX.S.C.
RIC I, 322; BMCR 2
R2; about VF, toned

FORTVNA ANTIATIS, Fortuna of Antium, one of the most important places of Fortuna worshipping, as two goddesses, sisters, FORTVNA VICTRIX, more male, and FORTVNA FELIX, more female. Or as two aspects of only one goddess?
On the rev. the altar of FORTVNA REDVX, erected by the Senatus for the lucky return of Augustus 19BC with the 53 standards from the Parthians in Rome near the Porta Capuana.
Q Rustius celebrates Augustus and his own hometown Antium.





Jochen
augustus_467_3.jpg
Augustus RIC I, 467Augustus 27 BC - AD 14
AE - Quadrans, 3.37g, 13.4mm
Rome 4 BC
obv.: C RVBELLIVS BLANDVS
around SC
rev.: IIIVIR AAAFF
garlanded altar with bowl-shaped top
RIC I, 467; cf. C.511; BMCR. 269
Scarce; good F

IIIVIRI MONETALES = the three mint magistrates, elected by the Senatus
(In this case really IVviri monetales!)
AAAFF = aere argento auro flando feriundo, for the casting and striking of bronze, silver and gold
Jochen
Commodus_Obverse.PNG
Becoming Hurcules - CommodusOrichalcum sestertius, RIC III 563, Cohen III 320, BMCRE IV 650, Hunter II 163, SRCV II -, VF/F, excellent portrait, highlighting green and brown patina, tight flan, edge flaw, 19.715g, 29.5mm, 180o, Rome mint, 190 A.D.; obverse M COMMOD ANT P FELIX AVG BRIT P P, laureate bust right; reverse LIBERAL AVG VII TR P XV IMP VIII COS VI, Liberalitas standing slightly left, head left, coin counting board in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, S - C (senatus consulto) flanking across field; from the Errett Bishop Collection;Greg B2
Claudius.jpg
Bronze Quadrans minted under ClaudiusA bronze quadrans minted under Claudius. 16 mm, 3.4 g.

Obverse: a hand holding up a set of scales, and between the pans of the scales are the letters PNR, which possibly mean PONDUS NUMMORUM RESTITUTUM = "The Weight of the Coinage Restored", or something similar. Around the edge is the partially-visible inscription [TI] CLAVDIV[S CAESAR AVG] = "Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus".

Reverse: a large SC standing for SENATUS CONSULTO = "By Decree of the Senate", with the encircling inscription PON M TR P IMP COS DES IT = "Pontifex Maximus, Holding Tribunician Power, Consul Designate for the Second Time".

Attribution: RIC 1 Claudius 85
chuy1530
GERMANICUS_AE_dupond.jpg
Caligula (Augustus) Coin: Brass DupondiusGERMANICVS CAESAR - Germanicus in quadriga right
SIGNIS RECEPT DEVICTIS GERM (For the Return of the Standards of the Conquered Germany) Senatus Consulto (By Decree of the Senate) - Germanicus standing left with eagle-tipped scepter, S C in fields.
Exergue:


Mint: Rome (37-41AD)
Wt./Size/Axis: 13.30g / 30mm / 180
Rarity: Common
References:
RCV 1820
Sear mil. 1820
Provenances:
Incitatus Coins
Acquisition/Sale: Incitatus Coins Vcoins $0.00 8/17
Notes: Jun 13, 18 - The Gary R. Wilson Collection
GRWilson
Caligula_Three_Siste-removebg-preview.png
Caligula (Augustus) Coin: Brass SestertiusC CAESAR AVG GERMANICVS PON M TR POT - Laureate head left
AGRIPPINA DRVSILLA IVLIA - AGRIPPINA DRVSILLA IVLIA, the three sisters of Caligula standing, in the guises of Securitas, Concordia, and Fortuna, S C (senatus consulto) in exergue
Exergue: SC


Mint: Rome (37-38AD)
Wt./Size/Axis: 27.88g / 35.6mm / 180
Rarity: Rare
References:
RIC I 33
BMCRE p. 152, 36
BnF II 47
Cohen I 4
SRCV I 1800
Provenances:
Forvm Ancient Coins
Acquisition/Sale: Forvm Ancient Coins Internet $0.00 10/17
Notes: Jul 21, 18 - The Gary R. Wilson Collection
GRWilson
Claudius.jpg
ClaudiusOrichalcum dupondius, RIC I 94, Cohen I 1, BMCRE I 136, BnF II 174, SRCV I 1855, F, porous, scratches, 13.559g, 28.7mm, 180o, Rome mint, c. 41 - 50 A.D.; obverse TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP, bare head left; reverse CERES AVGVSTA, Ceres seated left, veiled, branch in right hand, torch in left hand, S C (senatus consulto) in exergue.Todd R
minerva_claudius_BMC_149.jpg
Claudius As, Minerva, SpainObverse: TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR IMP. Bust of Claudius.
Reverse: Minerva wielding spear. S-C (Senatus Consulto).
Mint: Military mint in Spain.

Weight: 8,9 g. Diameter: 27 mm. Axis: 275º.

Reference: RIC I 100; Cohen 84v; BMC 149.
Manuel
92267BFE-83F4-4DE4-9C3D-9728DD9ABB7B_4_5005_c.jpeg
Claudius I: Augustus 41-54 ADClaudius I AR Denarius, 50-51 AD
Denomination: AR Denarius
Year: 50-51 AD
Bust: Laureate Head Right
Obverse: TI CLAVD CAESAR AVG PM TR P X IMP PP
Reverse: No Legend
Type: Oak Wreath, SPQR / PP / OB CS within
Mint: Rome
Weight & Measures: 3.9g
RIC: RIC 1, 54
Provenance: Original Skin Coins (December 2023), Ex Kuenker

Translation: OB: Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Pontifex Maximus Tribunicia Potestate X Emperor Pater Pontifex. Tiberius Claudius Caesar, emperor, high priest, holder of tribunician power for the 10th time, supreme commander, and father of the nation.

Transaltion: Rev: Senatus Populus Que Romanus Pater Patriae Ob Cives Servatos. The Senate and the roman people to the father of the nation, the savior of the citizens.

Notes: The reverse of this...denarius depicts the Corona Civica or “Civic Crown,” the second highest military decoration of the Republic, which took the form of a chaplet of oak leaves woven into a wreath. It was awarded to a citizen who had saved the lives of his fellow citizens by defeating or slaying an enemy of the state. The recipient was required to wear the wreath at any public gathering. Julius Caesar won the award for his actions during the Siege of Mytilene in 81 BC, which gained him immediate entry into the Senate. Augustus was voted the honor by the Senate for ending the destructive Roman civil wars. Caligula was granted the honor for “saving” Rome from the tyranny of Tiberius. Ironically, Claudius was bestowed the Corona Civica for saving Rome from the tyranny of Caligula-From CNG
4 commentsJustin L1
Claudius_Libertas_2.JPG
Claudius LIBERTAS AVGVSTA S CClaudius, 25 January 41 - 13 October 54 A.D.

Obverse:
Bare head left

TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP
TI: Tiberius
CLAVDIVS: Claudius
CAESAR: CAESAR

AVG: Augustus, emperor
P M: PP: Pontifix Maximus, high priest
TR P: Tribunicia Potestate. The tribunician power, the emperor as civil head of the state.
IMP: Imperator, leader of the army

Reverse:

LIBERTAS AVGVSTA S C
LIBERTAS: Libertas
AVGVSTA: AVGVSTA

The title of Augusta denotes a woman with significant imperial power. Minting coins with Libertas on Roman coins was a political statement by many who succeeded tyrants

S C
S C: Senatus Consulto, by Decree of the Senate

LIBERTAS AVGVSTA S C, Libertas standing facing, head right, pileus in right (cap worn by freed slaves), extending left hand

Domination: Copper AS, size 27 mm, die axis 180o

Mint: Rome mint, 50- 54 A.D, RIC 1-113_C47
Peter Wissing
Claudius_Minerva_1.JPG
Claudius S C MinervaClaudius, 25 January 41 - 13 October 54 A.D.

Obverse:
Bare head left

TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP

TI: Tiberius
CLAVDIVS: Claudius
CAESAR: CAESAR
AVG: Augustus, emperor
P M: PP: Pontifix Maximus, high priest
TR P: Tribunicia Potestate. The tribunician power, the emperor as civil head of the state.
IMP: Imperator, leader of the army

Reverse:

S C

S C: Senatus Consulto, by Decree of the Senate


Minerva advancing right brandishing javelin in right, shield in left

Domination: Copper AS, size 25 mm

Mint: Rome mint, 50-54 A.D¸ RIC-I-116_C-84
Peter Wissing
Cn__Plancius.JPG
Cn. Plancius - Plancia-1ROMAN REPUBLIC Cn. Plancius. 55 BC. AR Denarius (3.88 gm - 18.51 mm). Head of Macedonia right wearing causia (felt hat). CN•PLANCIVS before, AED•CVR•S•C (aedile curele, senatus consulto) behind; Reverse agrimi standing right, bow and quiver behind. Cr432/1; Syd 933; Plancia-1; SRCV 3963 commentsBud Stewart
Commodus- Herkules.jpg
Commodus- HerculesCommodus, March or April 177 - 31 Dec 192 A.D.

Obverse:
Laureate head right

M COMMODVS ANTON AVG PIVS

M: Marcus
COMMODVS: Commodus
ANTON: Antoninus, Antoninus
AVG: Augustus,
PIVS: Pius,

Reverse:
TR P VIIII IMP VI COS IIII P P, S C

TRP: Tribunicia Potestas,
VIIII: 9
IMP: Imperator,
VI: 6
COS: Consul,
IIII: 4
PP: Pater Patria,

S—C: Senatus Consulto,

Showing: Hercules standing left, head at right and with clob and bow.

Domination: AS, Copper, size 25 mm
Mint: Rome

TRP = This is short for tribunicia potestate - "with the power of the Tribune of the Plebs." The government of Rome was split into the Patricians (who were Senators) and the Plebians. Nine Tribunes of the Plebs were elected by both Plebs and Patricians every year to be in charge of the Plebian assembly. These Tribunes could not be injured because it could be punishable by death. They had veto powers, and they could prevent a law from being passed or an election. An emperor cannot technically rule on the Plebian assembly since he is a Patrician, but by taking the title he could be free from injury. On a coin, if this symbol is followed by a number, it depicts how many times he has been elected Tribune of the Plebs.



Peter Wissing
Commodus- Jupiter.jpg
Commodus- JupiterCommodus, March or April 177 - 31 Dec 192 A.D.

Obverse:
Laureate head right

M COMMODVS ANT P FELIX AVG BRIT

M: Marcus
COMMODVS: Commodus
ANT: Antoninus, Antoninus
PFELIX: Pius Felix,
AVG: Augustus,
BRIT: Britannicus

Reverse:
IOVI IVVENI P M TR P XIIII IMP VIII COS V P P S—C

IOVI: Jupiter
IVVENI: Young
P M: Pontifix Maximus, ypperste præst
TRP: Tribunicia Potestas, folkets tribunat
XIIII: 14
IMP: Imperator,
VIII: 8
COS: Consul,
V:
PP: Pater Patria,

S—C: Senatus Consulto

Showing: Jupiter with his head left, naked except for cloak hanging from shoulder: Jupiter holding thunderbolt and sceptre, and there is a eagle at left foot. There is an S at left and an C right for Jupiter.


Domination: Sestertius, Orichalcum, size 30 mm
Mint: Rome

TRP = This is short for tribunicia potestate - "with the power of the Tribune of the Plebs." The government of Rome was split into the Patricians (who were Senators) and the Plebians. Nine Tribunes of the Plebs were elected by both Plebs and Patricians every year to be in charge of the Plebian assembly. These Tribunes could not be injured because it could be punishable by death. They had veto powers, and they could prevent a law from being passed or an election. An emperor cannot technically rule on the Plebian assembly since he is a Patrician, but by taking the title he could be free from injury. On a coin, if this symbol is followed by a number, it depicts how many times he has been elected Tribune of the Plebs.
Peter Wissing
julia_paula_211(1).jpg
ConcordiaJulia Paula, Augusta AD 219, 1. wife of Elagabal
AR - Denar, 2.95g, 19mm
Rome AD 219
Av.: IVLIA PAVLA AVG
draped bust, diademed head r.
Rv.: CONCORDIA
Concordia draped sitting l. on throne, holding patera r. and resting l. arm on
back of throne.
star in l. field
RIC IV/2, 211; C.6; BMCR.172
Scarce; good VF

CONCORDIA, like the Greek Homonoia, but in a more political sense. 121 BC after the war against the Gracchi a great Concordia temple was built on the Forum where the Senatus often assembled. Together with Providentia, Fides and some others a numen with big importness for the genus humanum and therefore assumed as divine. She was one of the most worshipped deities in Rome.
Jochen
10400525.jpg
Crawford 397/1, ROMAN REPUBLIC, Spinther AR DenariusRome, The Republic.
Pub. Lentulus P.f.L.n. Spinther, 71 BCE.
AR Denarius (3.85g; 18mm).
Rome Mint

Obv: Q●S●C; Hercules head right.

Rev: P●LENT●P●F / [L]●N; Genius Romani seated facing on chair, holding coruncopia and scepter, being crowned by Victory.

References: Crawford 397/1; Sydenham 791(R6); BMCRR 3329.

Provenance: ex Collection of a Director [Triton XX (10 Jan 2017) Lot 525; ex Eton College Collection [Sotheby's (1 Dec 1976) Lot 219).

In my humble opinion, this is one of the more artistic reverse types of the Roman Republic denarius series – almost Greek in execution. It depicts Genius of the Roman People exerting dominance over the world with one foot on the globe while being crowned victorious. The message may be related to the ongoing wars with Sertorius in Spain, Mithridates in the East and possibly the servile revolt led by Spartacus in Italy (if the 71BC date proposed by Hersh and Walker is accepted, see below). Other members of the Cornelia gens also depicted Genius of the Roman People on their coinages, so the cult of Genius may have been important to the family, or it may be coincidental that the Corneliae happened to strike these coins during strife when the message of the Genius of the Roman People would have been appropriate. Crawford agrees with the latter explanation. SC [Senatus consulto] in the obverse legend suggests it was struck by special decree of the Roman Senate.

The coin is scarce and missing from many major hoards, making it difficult to precisely date. In fact, it’s listed in only four hoards on Table XIII in Crawford’s Roman Republican Coin Hoards. Of those four hoards: in two hoards (Cosa and Palestrina), it’s deemed the final issue (terminus ante quem), lacking the context of later coins; in the third hoard (Tolfa), it’s the next to last issue with the last being a serrate denarius of Q. Creperei Rocus, which Crawford dates to 72BC; and in the fourth hoard (San Gregorio), it appears in the middle context in which Rocus is again the next latest coin. Crawford’s Roman Republican Coinage dates the coin 74BC, concurring with Grueber’s dating in the British Museum Catalogue. David Sear stuck with Crawford’s dating of 74BC in the Millennium Edition of Roman Coins and Their Values. However, in their 1984 analysis of the Mesagne Hoard (which contained no examples of this coin), Hersh and Walker revised the dating to 71BC, which lumps the Spinther issue with several other, non-serrate, “SC” issues of the late 70s. Hersh and Walker re-date the serrate Rocus issue to 69BC, where it is lumped with other serrate issues. In my collection catalogue, I’ve chosen to use the 71BC date proposed by Hersh and Walker, because it fits neatly with the fabric and special circumstances of the coinage and is consistent with the cursus honorum dates discussed in the following paragraph.

The moneyer was the Quaestor, P. Cornelius Lentulus, whose nickname was Spinther (reportedly because he resembled an actor by that name). It was a nickname that he clearly liked as both he and his son later used it on coins. Spinther, an aristocrat of the Cornelia gens, was liked by Julius Caesar and rose through the cursus honorum, beginning with his Quaestorship when this coin was struck. He was elected Aedile in 63BC and worked with Cicero in suppressing the Cataline conspiracy. The date of his Aedileship is important in that 6-8 years was the required waiting period between Quaestor and Aedile in the cursus honorum, the career path for a Roman politician, which is consistent with Hersh and Walker’s proposed dating of this coin issue to 71BC; Crawford’s dating of 74BC implied that Spinther failed to reach the Aedileship for several years after he qualified for the position (being elected in the first qualification year was an important distinction to the Romans, though certainly an accomplishment that many Roman aristocrats failed to attain). He was later governor of part of Spain. With Caesar’s help, he was elected consul in 57BC, when he recalled Cicero from exile. Thereafter he governed Cilicia, at which time Cicero wrote him a still-surviving letter. As relations deteriorated between Caesar and Pompey, Spinther sided with Pompey. Despite initial offers of amnesty by Caesar, Spinther would not remain neutral and was eventually killed or committed suicide during the civil wars. His son later allied with Caesar’s assassins and struck the well-known LENTVLVS SPINT coins for both Brutus and Cassius.

This example comes from the Eton College Collection, which was auctioned by Sotheby’s in 1976. Eton College initiated its ancient coin collection by acquiring a large group of British Museum duplicates in the 1870s, and Eton added to this collection in the ensuing years. By the mid-1970s, the ancient coin market was white-hot, and Eton decided to cash-out the lion’s share of its collection, keeping a representative core for study purposes. I’ve contacted the British Museum’s Department of Coins and Medals to link this coin to the original tranche of BM duplicates purchased by Eton. Unfortunately, before adoption of modern curatorial standards, the BM did not accession duplicates into the BM collection; rather, they simply put duplicates into the “duplicates cabinet” without cataloging them. These uncatalogued duplicates would be sold or traded from time to time to acquire needed specimens for the BM collection. There might be record of the transaction somewhere at the BM, but there would be no description of the duplicates sold. By 1980 or so, the BM began cataloguing all coins, even duplicates. There is an 1880s book published about Eton's Roman coin collection, but it describes only a representative sample of the collection and this coin is not included.

6 commentsCarausius
Crispa IVNO.jpg
Crispina- IVNO LVCINACrispina, wife of Commodus, Augusta 178 -182 A.D.

Obverse:

CRISPINA AVGVSTA, draped bust right, hair knotted in a bun in back

CRISPINA AVGVSTA

CRISPINA: Crispina
AVGVSTA: Augusta

Reverse:

IVNO LVCINA S C,

IVNO: Juno, goddess
LVCINA: Light
S C: Senatus Consulto


IVNO LVCINA (Goddess of light) S C, Juno standing left, holding patera (a bowl used to pour libations) and scepter

Domination:Middlle Bronze, Orichalcum Sstertius/ Dupondius, 25 mm

Mint: Rom
Peter Wissing
Domitian.jpg
Domitian- VIRTVTIDomitian, 13 September 81 - 18 September 96 A.D.


Obverse:
Laureate bust right with aegis

IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM COS XIII CENS PERP PP

IMP: Imperator, general
CAES: Caesar, emperor
DOMIT: Domitian
AVG: Augustus, emperor
GERM: Germanicus
COS: Consul
XIII: 8 or XVI
CENS: Censor
PERP: Perpetuus
PP: PATER PATRIAE, the farther of the country. A title given to him by the Senatus.


Reverse:

VIRTVTI AVGVSTI SC

VIRTVTI: Virtus
AVGVSTI: Augusti
S—C: Senatus Consulto, decret of the senate

Comment:
CENS PERP: The censor gave Vº Bº a certain works from the Senate (Censor Perpetuus / Censoria Potestate). Late in 85 A.D he made himself Censor Perpetuus (Censor for life), with a general supervision of conduct and morals.


Virtus standing right, left foot on a helmet, holding spear and parazonium (a dagger)

Domination: Copper, AS, size 28 mm

Mint: Rome, struck 87. A.D.

Comment:
I can't decide what number of TRP it is!
If the obverse legend is as follows, as I suggest:

a) IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM COS XIII CENS PERP PP or
b) IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM COS XVI CENS PERP PP
then it would be
a) RIC II, 356a; C.650; dated AD 87; common
b) RIC II, 409; C.658; dated AD 92-94; common

BTW XIII = 13, XVI = 16
Peter Wissing
drusus-caesar-sc.jpg
Drusus - Senatus ConsultumRoman Imperial, Drusus Caesar AE As. Struck under Tiberius, (21-22 AD), 27.5mm, 9.3g

Obverse: DRVSVS CAESAR TI AVG F DIVI AVG N, Bare head left.

Reverse: PONTIF TRIBVN POTEST ITER around large S•C.

Reference: RIC 45 (Tiberius), Sear RCV 1794, Cohen 2.

Ex: Incitiatus Coins +photo
Gil-galad
Drusus_1_opt.jpg
DRUSUS AE As RIC 216, Senatus ConsultoOBV: DRVSVSCAESARTIAVGFDIVIAVGN - Bare head left
REV: IMPTCAESDIVIVESPFAVGREST - Legend around large S C in center
9.4g, 24mm

Minted at Rome, 80 AD
Legatus
Eyes_of_Trajan_Orichalcum_sestertius3B_rare_left_bust3B_Obverse.png
Eyes of Trajan - TrajanOrichalcum sestertius, Woytek 203o, BnF IV 564, RIC II 535 (S), Strack 360, Banti 215, BMCRE III -, Cayón -, aF, well centered, corrosion, pitting, 21.572g, 32.8mm, 180o, Rome mint, c. 104 - 107 A.D.; obverse IMP CAES NERVAE TRAIANO AVG GER DAC P M TR P COS V P P, laureate bust left; reverse S P Q R OPTIMO PRINCIPI, Trajan on horseback galloping right, in military dress, brandishing spear at Dacian warrior who is falling on his left knee, looking back at Trajan, raising both hands, and being trampled by horse's fore-hooves, S C (senatus consulto) in exergue; from the Jyrki Muona Collection, ex Sebastian Sondermann (Sep 2008); very rare bust leftGreg B2
Faustina_Jr_.jpg
Faustina Jr. Copper as, RIC III AP1408, BMCRE IV AP2193, Cohen III 253, SRCV II 4735, F, rough, scrapes and scratches, 9.453g, 27.0mm, 180o, Rome mint, struck under Antoninus Pius, 154 - 156 A.D.; obverse FAVSTINA AVG P II AVG FIL, draped bust right with head bare, hair waved, coiled chignon tied with a band of pearls on back of head; reverse VENVS, Venus standing half left, head left, an apple in extended right hand, long scepter in left hand, S - C (senatus consulto) divided low across fields.Todd R
faustinaAeternitas.jpg
Faustina Senior, AeternitasFaustina I, Aeternitas

Orichalcum dupondius, 12.271g, 27.7mm
Rome mint, 141 A.D.

DIVA AVGVSTA FAVSTINA,
veiled and draped bust right, hair elaborately waived and banded, drawn up at the back and piled in a round coil at top

AETERNITAS,
Providentia standing left, globe in right hand, long scepter vertical in left, S - C (senatus consulto) divide across field below center

RIC III AP1163(b) (S), BMCRE IV AP1460, SRCV II 4635 var., Hunter II -
arizonarobin
Faustina_Sr_~0.jpg
Faustina Sr. Orichalcum sestertius, RIC III AP1146A(a), BMCRE IV 1443; Hunter II 67, SRCV II 4631, F, choice obverse, excellent centering, reverse weakly struck and rough, 21.955g, 33.8mm, 0o, Rome mint, posthumous, 141 A.D.; obverse DIVA AVGVSTA FAVSTINA, draped bust right, hair elaborately waved and in a bun on top of head, band of pearls; reverse PIETAS AVG (to the piety of the Emperor), Pietas standing left, dropping incense on candelabrum-altar with right, holding box in left hand, S - C (senatus consulto) flanking legs; from the Eric J. Engstrom CollectionTodd R
00sulla3~1.jpg
Faustus Cornelius SullaAR denarius. 56 BC. 4.05 g, 9h. Head of young Hercules right, wearing lion's skin headdress, paws knotted below his chin; SC above FAVSTVS monogram behind. / Globe surrounded by four wreaths, the larger jewelled and tied with fillet; aplustre and stalk of grain below. Crawford 426/4a. RSC Cornelia 61 .
This coin is one of ten million denarii that the Senate of Rome commissioned for the purchase of wheat in the year 56 BC. All those extra denarii, struck alongside the normal coin issues, bear the letters S.C for "Senatus Consulto" (by decree of the Senate) on their obverse, behind the head of Hercules. The ligated letters FAVS refer to the moneyer, Faustus Cornelius Sulla.

The ear of grain on the reverse illustrates that this denarius was indeed minted in connection with the purchase of wheat. Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, who transacted the business, was the father in law of the moneyer Sulla, and effectually used his son in law's position to advertise himself. Three of the wreaths on the reverse commemorate the three triumphs of Pompey: He was the first Roman to celebrate a triumph on each of the three then-known continents. With this Pompey had made Rome a world power, which is symbolized by the globe in the middle. The fourth wreath, larger than the others, stands for the extraordinary honor that Pompey was bestowed with in 63 BC, when he was allowed to wear a golden headdress when going to the circus or the theater.
1 commentsbenito
Lg3_quart_sm.jpg
FAVSTINA AVGVSTA / AVGVSTI PII FIL / Ӕ As or Dupontius (156-161 A.D.)FAVSTINA AVGVSTA, draped bust right, hair arranged in a chignon (bun) behind the head / AVGVSTI PII FIL, Venus standing left holding Victory and leaning on shield set on a helmet, S-C across fields in the lower half

Ó”, 22.5-24+mm, 9.56g, die axis 11h

There may be a countermark across the front part of the face on obverse, but due to its location it is difficult to be sure and identify it.

AVGVSTI PII FIL(ia) = daughter of August Antoninus Pius, points out to the ruling of Fausta's father Antoninus Pius rather than her husband Marcus Aurelius. Reverse: Unlike Greek Aphrodite, in addition to her other aspects Roman Venus was also a goddess of victory, this embodied in her representation as Venus Victrix (Victorious) or Victris (of Victory), like in this case: she offers a little winged representation of victory, resting on defensive military attributes (as a female goddess, she represented passive, defensive aspects of war, active ones being the domain of male Mars). SC = [Ex] Senatus Consulto (Senatus is genitive, Consulto is ablative of Consultum) = by decree of the Senate, i. e. the authority of the Senate approved minting of this coin (necessary to justify issue of copper alloy coins for which the intrinsic value was not obvious).

Of two Ó” coins with the same legends and Venus with shield, RIC 1367 and 1389a, the first is a sestertius and its typical dimensions are characteristic of the type: 30+ mm and 20+g. This one is definitely smaller. Material seems reddish, so this one is more likely an as. Minted in Rome. Some sources give issue dates as 156-161 (the end of Faustina's father's reign), others as 145-146 (her marriage).

Annia Galeria Faustina Minor (Minor is Latin for the Younger), Faustina Minor or Faustina the Younger (born probably 21 September c. 130 CE, died in winter of 175 or spring of 176 CE) was a daughter of Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius and Roman Empress Faustina the Elder. She was a Roman Empress and wife to her maternal cousin Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius. She was held in high esteem by soldiers and her own husband and was given divine honours after her death. Faustina, named after her mother, was her parents' fourth and youngest child and their second daughter; she was also their only child to survive to adulthood. She was born and raised in Rome. Her great uncle, the emperor Hadrian, had arranged with her father for Faustina to marry Lucius Verus. On 25 February 138, she and Verus were betrothed. Verus’ father was Hadrian’s first adopted son and his intended heir; however, when Verus’ father died, Hadrian chose Faustina’s father to be his second adopted son, and eventually, successor. Faustina’s father ended the engagement between his daughter and Verus and arranged for Faustina's betrothal to her maternal cousin, Marcus Aurelius; Aurelius was also adopted by her father.

In April or May 145, Faustina and Marcus Aurelius were married, as had been planned since 138. Since Aurelius was, by adoption, Antoninus Pius' son, under Roman law he was marrying his sister; Antoninus would have had to formally release one or the other from his paternal authority (his patria potestas) for the ceremony to take place. Little is specifically known of the ceremony, but it is said to have been "noteworthy". Coins were issued with the heads of the couple, and Antoninus, as Pontifex Maximus, would have officiated. Marcus makes no apparent reference to the marriage in his surviving letters, and only sparing references to Faustina. Faustina was given the title of Augusta on 1 December 147 after the birth of her first child, Galeria Faustina (or Domitia? sources differ which of them was born in 147 and was the first child).

When Antoninus died on 7 March 161, Marcus and Lucius Verus ascended to the throne and became co-rulers. Faustina then became empress. Unfortunately, not much has survived from the Roman sources regarding Faustina's life, but what is available does not give a good report. Cassius Dio and the Augustan History accuse Faustina of ordering deaths by poison and execution; she has also been accused of instigating the revolt of Avidius Cassius against her husband. The Augustan History mentions adultery with sailors, gladiators, and men of rank; however, Faustina and Aurelius seem to have been very close and mutually devoted.

Faustina accompanied her husband on various military campaigns and enjoyed the love and reverence of Roman soldiers. Aurelius gave her the title of Mater Castrorum or ‘Mother of the Camp’. She attempted to make her home out of an army camp. Between 170–175, she was in the north, and in 175, she accompanied Aurelius to the east.

That same year, 175, Aurelius's general Avidius Cassius was proclaimed Roman emperor after the erroneous news of Marcus's death; the sources indicate Cassius was encouraged by Marcus's wife Faustina, who was concerned about her husband's failing health, believing him to be on the verge of death, and felt the need for Cassius to act as a protector in this event, since her son Commodus, aged 13, was still young. She also wanted someone who would act as a counterweight to the claims of Tiberius Claudius Pompeianus, who was in a strong position to take the office of Princeps in the event of Marcus’s death. The evidence, including Marcus's own Meditations, supports the idea that Marcus was indeed quite ill, but by the time Marcus recovered, Cassius was already fully acclaimed by the Egyptian legions of II Traiana Fortis and XXII Deiotariana. "After a dream of empire lasting three months and six days", Cassius was murdered by a centurion; his head was sent to Marcus Aurelius, who refused to see it and ordered it buried. Egypt recognized Marcus as emperor again by 28 July 175.

Faustina died in the winter of 175, after a somewhat suspicious accident, at the military camp in Halala (a city in the Taurus Mountains in Cappadocia). Aurelius grieved much for his wife and buried her in the Mausoleum of Hadrian in Rome. She was deified: her statue was placed in the Temple of Venus in Rome and a temple was dedicated to her in her honor. Halala’s name was changed to Faustinopolis and Aurelius opened charity schools for orphan girls called Puellae Faustinianae or 'Girls of Faustina'. The Baths of Faustina in Miletus are named after her.

In their thirty years of marriage, Faustina bore Marcus Aurelius thirteen children, of whom 6 reached adulthood and were significant in history. The best known are emperor Commodus and the closest to him sister Lucilla (both depicted in a very historically inaccurate movie "Gladiator" and, together with their parents, in a much more accurate 1st season "Reign of Blood" of the TV series "Roman Empire").
Yurii P
Probus_-_Fides_Militum_(1).jpg
Fides MilitumObv. IMP PROBVS PF AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right,
Rev. FIDES MILITVM, Fides facing left, holding to legionary standards, R{lightning}E in exergue,
Rome mint,
21mm, 3,92 gr.
RIC 169

Historia Augusta 10 and 20 "[10] cognito itaque quod imperaret Probus milites Florianum, qui quasi hereditarium arripuerat imperium, interemerunt, scientes neminem dignius posse imperare quam Probum. ita ei sine ulla molestia totius orbis imperium et militum et senatus iudicio delatum est. - [20]. cum per Illyricum iter faceret, a militibus suis per insidias interemptus est. causae occidendi eius haec fuerunt: primum quod numquam militem otiosum esse perpessus est, si quidem multa opera militari manu perfecit, dicens annonam gratuitam militem comedere non debere. his addidit dictum eis grave, si umquam eveniat, salutare rei publicae, brevi milites necessarios non futuros.

"[10] And so, when it was well known that Probus was emperor, the soldiers killed Florian, who had seized the imperial power as though an inheritance, for they knew well that no one could rule more worthily than Probus. Accordingly, without any effort of his, the rule of the whole world was conferred upon him by the voice of both army and senate. - [20]. While on the march through Illyricum he was treacherously killed by his soldiers. The causes of his murder were these: first of all, he never permitted a soldier to be idle, for he built many works by means of their labour, saying that a soldier should eat no bread that was not earned. To this he added another remark, hard for them, should it ever come true, but beneficial to the commonwealth, namely, that soon there would be no need of such soldiers."
Syltorian
Germanicus2.jpg
GERMANICUS Ae As RIC 106, Senatus ConsultoOBV: GERMANICVS CAESAR TI AVG F DIVI AVG N - Bare head right
REV: TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG GERM PM TRP IMP P P - Legend around large SC
9.3g, 30mm

Minted at Rome, 50-4 AD
Legatus
Germanicus3.jpg
GERMANICUS Ae As RIC 35, Senatus ConsultoOBV: GERMANICVS CAESAR TI AVGVST F DIVI AVG N - Bare head of Germanicus left
REV: C CAESAR AVG GERMANICVS PON M TR POT - Legend around large S C
9.2g, 27mm

Minted at Rome, 37-8 AD
Legatus
Gordian III- Fortuna.jpg
Gordian III- FORTVNA REDVX SCGordian III, 29 July 238 - 25 February 244 A.D.

Obverse:
Radiate draped and cuirassed bust right

IMP GORDIANVS PIVS FEL AVG

IMP: Imperator, army leader
GORDIANVS: Gordianus
PIVS: Pius, pious
FEL: Felix, happy
AVG: Augustus, emperor

Reverse:
FORTVNA REDVX SC, Fortunate return of our emperor By the decree of the senate

FORTVNA: Fortunate
REDVX: return of emperor
SC: Senatus Consulto, By the decree of the senate

Fortuna seated left holding rudder in right and cornucopia in left, wheel leans against throne


Domination: Antoninianus, AR, size 26 mm

Mint: Rome, struck early fall 243 - 244 A.D. RIC 331a
Peter Wissing
Screenshot_2021-05-19_124134_1.png
HadrianOrichalcum dupondius, RIC II-3 867, BMCRE III 1322, Strack II 610, Cohen II 388, SRCV II 3658, Hunter II 392 var. (no drapery), F, excellent portrait, dark patina, nice portrait, legends weak, edge crack, 10.654g, 26.7mm, 180o, Rome mint, 126 - 127 A.D.; obverse HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS, radiate bust right, slight drapery on left shoulder; reverse COS III, Fides standing half right, head right, stalks of grain downward at side in right, platter of fruit at shoulder in left, S - C (senatus consulto) flanking across field; from the Errett Bishop CollectionGreg B2
Hadrian_FIDES_PVBLICA__S_C.jpg
Hadrian S C FIDES PVBLICA Hadrian, 11 August 117 - 10 July 138 A.D.
Obverse:
Laureate head right

HADRIANVS AVG COS III P P

HADRIANVS
AVG: Agustus, emperor
COS III: Consul for the third time. One of the two chief magistrates of the Roman state, and often the emperor was one.
PP: Pater Patria, father of the country


Reverse:
FIDES PVBLICA S-C

FIDES PVBLICA: Trust of the People

S C
S C: Senatus Consulto, by Decree of the Senate

Fides standing right holding corn ears & basket of fruit


Domination: AE Sestertius, size 24 mm

Mint: Rome mint, 134- 138 A.D, Ric 758
Peter Wissing
lg1_quart_sm.jpg
IMP•CAESAR•DIVI•F•AVGVSTVS•IMP•XX / •PONTIF•MAXIM•TRIBVN•POT•XXXIIII / Ӕ As (10-12 A.D.)IMP • CAESAR • DIVI • F • AVGVSTVS • IMP • XX, bare head left / • PONTIF • MAXIM • TRIBVN • POT • XXXIIII, huge letters S•C, no field or mint marks.

Ó”, 26-27mm, 5.77g, die axis 5h (slightly turned coin alignment), material: supposed to be pure red copper.

IMPerator (originally meant "supreme commander", Augustus started to use it as a title)
CAESAR (Augustus adopted the last name from Julius, this is not a title yet)
DIVI Filius (Son of the divine [Julius], Augustus was thus named, having been adopted by Caesar as his son) AVGVSTVS (following his defeat of Mark Antony and Cleopatra in 31 BC Senate granted Octavian this new name, meaning "majestic")
IMPerator XX (Vicesimum) (i. e. "invested with the twentieth imperial acclaim", second 'imperator' means his military title, a victorious general, the number refers to important victories when the title was renewed) PONTIFex MAXIMus (the high priest, starting with Augustus the emperor was always the head of state religion)
TRIBVNitia POTestas (Tribunal power, the function of the tribune of the people, originally an important republican official, was "hijacked" by Augustus when he was building the imperial structure of power and subsequently became another emperor's title, renewed every year and thus very useful for dating coins)
XXXIIII (Augustus got his tribunal power for life in 23 BC, during the Second Settlement with the Senate, so the 34th tribunal year of Augustus gives us 11 AD as the year of issue of the coin, ±1 since the coin could have been minted slightly before or after, and there is alos some uncertainty about when exactly the tribunal year number was increased by)
SC = [Ex] Senatus Consulto (Senatus is genitive, Consulto is ablative of Consultum) = by decree of the Senate, i. e. the authority of the Senate approved minting of this coin (necessary to justify issue of copper alloy coins for which the intrinsic value was not obvious)
As or assarius – the lowest-valued Roman coin (in times of Augustus minted of pure red copper).

The size and weight of the coin, large SC and the bare head of the emperor (who actually looks really like a typical official portrait of Augustus) all point towards an early imperial as. Unfortunately due to a very poor condition of the coin all that can be reliably gathered from the legends: IMP… left of the neck, …(DI)VI… top of the head on obverse and …XII… 10-11 o'clock on reverse, perhaps also …PONTI… at 2 o'clock and a few other letters, that get increasingly unreliable. Fortunately to my knowledge this excludes all of the coins except just one as of Augustus: RIC 471, Cohen 226, BMC 275, minted in Rome, with the legends as given above and very common. The closest other coin fitting the general outlook is Ó” as of Tiberius (RIC 44, Cohen 25, BMC 91), but for it the obverse legend starts with TI and DIVI never gets close to 12 o'clock. And the face of Tiberius typically looks noticeably different.

Still, I will be very grateful if anybody looking at this coin points out any other possibilities for identification.

No biographical info here, since Augustus (reign 27 BC - 14 AD) is too well known.
Yurii P
Italy- Rome- Forum Romanum and temple of Saturn.jpg
Italy- Rome- Forum Romanum and temple of SaturnThe Temple of Saturn (Templum Saturni or Aedes Saturnus) is the oldest temple in the Forum Romanum, consecrated for the first time in c. 498 BCE. It is located in the W. end of the Forum, behind the Rostra and the Basilica Julia, across the Clivus Capitolinus from the Temple of Vespasian and Titus.

There have been three temples dedicated to Saturn on the location. The first was built in the last years of the Roman Kingdom, but was first consecrated in the first decade of the Roman Republic. Very little is known about this archaic temple, but it was probably Etruscan in style, just as the contemporary Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus on the Capitolium.

The first temple was torn down in 42 BCE and a new temple built in stone, by the aedile L. Munatius Plancus. The tall, massive, travertine clad podium, measuring 40×22.5m with a height of 9m, is from this building. This temple was in turn destroyed by the fire of 283 CE, which destroyed major parts of the Forum Romanum.

The temple was reconstructed under Diocletian after the fire, but the ground plan and podium from 42 BCE was retained. The temple was of the Ionic order with six columns on the facade. The eight surviving columns of red and grey granite are from this third temple, which largely used recycled material—not all columns, bases and capitals match stylistically.

The inscription on the architrave is also from this period. It reads: "Senatus populusque romanus incendio consumptum restituit"; meaning "The Roman senate and people restored what fire had consumed".

In front of the podium, under the now collapsed stairway, were two rooms, one of which served as the Aerarium, the State Treasury. On the side of the podium holes remain from where a plate was attached for the posting of public documents and acts pertinent to the Aerarium.

An altar dedicated to Saturn, the Ara Saturni, stood in front of the temple, on the other side of the road that passes just in front of the temple. The remains of this altar are now under a roof just in front of the Umbilicus Urbis Romae, near the Arch of Septimius Severus. See this map for an illustration of the probable location of the altar.

Inside the temple stood a statue of of Saturn, which would be carried in procession when triumphs were celebrated. The feast of the Saturnalia on December 17th was a part of the cult of Saturn and was started with a sacrifice at the Temple of Saturn.
1 commentsPeter Wissing
Italy- Rome- Forum Romanum and temple of Saturn 1.jpg
Italy- Rome- Forum Romanum and temple of Saturn 1The Temple of Saturn (Templum Saturni or Aedes Saturnus) is the oldest temple in the Forum Romanum, consecrated for the first time in c. 498 BCE. It is located in the W. end of the Forum, behind the Rostra and the Basilica Julia, across the Clivus Capitolinus from the Temple of Vespasian and Titus.

There have been three temples dedicated to Saturn on the location. The first was built in the last years of the Roman Kingdom, but was first consecrated in the first decade of the Roman Republic. Very little is known about this archaic temple, but it was probably Etruscan in style, just as the contemporary Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus on the Capitolium.

The first temple was torn down in 42 BCE and a new temple built in stone, by the aedile L. Munatius Plancus. The tall, massive, travertine clad podium, measuring 40×22.5m with a height of 9m, is from this building. This temple was in turn destroyed by the fire of 283 CE, which destroyed major parts of the Forum Romanum.

The temple was reconstructed under Diocletian after the fire, but the ground plan and podium from 42 BCE was retained. The temple was of the Ionic order with six columns on the facade. The eight surviving columns of red and grey granite are from this third temple, which largely used recycled material—not all columns, bases and capitals match stylistically.

The inscription on the architrave is also from this period. It reads: "Senatus populusque romanus incendio consumptum restituit"; meaning "The Roman senate and people restored what fire had consumed".

In front of the podium, under the now collapsed stairway, were two rooms, one of which served as the Aerarium, the State Treasury. On the side of the podium holes remain from where a plate was attached for the posting of public documents and acts pertinent to the Aerarium.

An altar dedicated to Saturn, the Ara Saturni, stood in front of the temple, on the other side of the road that passes just in front of the temple. The remains of this altar are now under a roof just in front of the Umbilicus Urbis Romae, near the Arch of Septimius Severus. See this map for an illustration of the probable location of the altar.

Inside the temple stood a statue of of Saturn, which would be carried in procession when triumphs were celebrated. The feast of the Saturnalia on December 17th was a part of the cult of Saturn and was started with a sacrifice at the Temple of Saturn.

Peter Wissing
Italy- Rome- The Arch of Vespasian.jpg
Italy- Rome- The Arch of TitoThe Arch of Titus (Arcus Titi) is a triumphal arch that commemorates the victory of the emperors Vespasian and Titus in Judea in 70 CE, which lead to the conquest of Jerusalem and the destruction of the Jewish temple there, and the triumphal procession the two held in Rome in 71 CE. It is situated at the E. entrance to the Forum Romanum, on the Via Sacra, south of the Temple of Amor and Roma, close to the Colosseum.

The arch was definitely erected sometimes after after the death of Titus in 81 CE, since Titus is referred to as Divus in the inscription. The deification of an emperor only happened posthumously after decision by the senate. It was most probably erected by emperor Domitian who succeeded his brother Titus in 81 CE, but it has also been suggested that it was built later, by Trajan, because of stylistic similarities with the Arch of Trajan at Benevento.

The Arch of Titus is a single arch, measuring 15.4m in height, 13.5m in width and 4.75m in depth, originally constructed entirely in Pantelic marble, with four semi-columns on each side. The external decorations include figures of Victoria with trophies on the spandrels and images of Roma and the Genius of Rome on the two keystones.

The inscription on the E. side is the original dedication of the arch by the senate. It reads:

Senatus
Populusque Romanus
divo Tito divo Vespasiani f(ilio)
Vespasiano Augusto

The senate
and people of Rome
to the divine Titus, son of the divine Vespasian,
Vespasianus Augustus

The inside the archway the monument is decorated with reliefs in marble. The S. side shows the beginning of the triumphal entry into Rome of the victorious emperor and his troops. The soldiers, walking left to right, are carrying the spoils of war, which include the seven armed candelabrum and the silver trumpets from the temple of Jerusalem. The signs carried by some soldiers displayed the names of the conquered cities and people. To the right the procession is entering the city through the Porta Triumphalis.

The N. side of the arch is decorated with a relief of the emperor in the triumphal procession. The emperor is riding a quadriga, which is lead by the goddess Roma, and he is crowned by Victoria flying above him. The lictors are walking in front of the chariot with their long ceremonial axes. After the emperor follow as a young man, who represents the Roman people, and an older man in toga, representing the senate. In the middle, under the vault a small relief shows the apotheosis of Titus, flying to the heavens on the back of an eagle.
Peter Wissing
Italy- Rome- The arch of Tito and inside the arches.jpg
Italy- Rome- The arch of Tito and inside the archesThe Arch of Titus (Arcus Titi) is a triumphal arch that commemorates the victory of the emperors Vespasian and Titus in Judea in 70 CE, which lead to the conquest of Jerusalem and the destruction of the Jewish temple there, and the triumphal procession the two held in Rome in 71 CE. It is situated at the E. entrance to the Forum Romanum, on the Via Sacra, south of the Temple of Amor and Roma, close to the Colosseum.

The arch was definitely erected sometimes after after the death of Titus in 81 CE, since Titus is referred to as Divus in the inscription. The deification of an emperor only happened posthumously after decision by the senate. It was most probably erected by emperor Domitian who succeeded his brother Titus in 81 CE, but it has also been suggested that it was built later, by Trajan, because of stylistic similarities with the Arch of Trajan at Benevento.

The Arch of Titus is a single arch, measuring 15.4m in height, 13.5m in width and 4.75m in depth, originally constructed entirely in Pantelic marble, with four semi-columns on each side. The external decorations include figures of Victoria with trophies on the spandrels and images of Roma and the Genius of Rome on the two keystones.

The inscription on the E. side is the original dedication of the arch by the senate. It reads:

Senatus
Populusque Romanus
divo Tito divo Vespasiani f(ilio)
Vespasiano Augusto

The senate
and people of Rome
to the divine Titus, son of the divine Vespasian,
Vespasianus Augustus

The inside the archway the monument is decorated with reliefs in marble. The S. side shows the beginning of the triumphal entry into Rome of the victorious emperor and his troops. The soldiers, walking left to right, are carrying the spoils of war, which include the seven armed candelabrum and the silver trumpets from the temple of Jerusalem. The signs carried by some soldiers displayed the names of the conquered cities and people. To the right the procession is entering the city through the Porta Triumphalis.

The N. side of the arch is decorated with a relief of the emperor in the triumphal procession. The emperor is riding a quadriga, which is lead by the goddess Roma, and he is crowned by Victoria flying above him. The lictors are walking in front of the chariot with their long ceremonial axes. After the emperor follow as a young man, who represents the Roman people, and an older man in toga, representing the senate. In the middle, under the vault a small relief shows the apotheosis of Titus, flying to the heavens on the back of an eagle.
Peter Wissing
Italy- Rome- The entrance to Forum and the arch of Tito.jpg
Italy- Rome- The entrance to Forum and the arch of TitoThe Arch of Titus (Arcus Titi) is a triumphal arch that commemorates the victory of the emperors Vespasian and Titus in Judea in 70 CE, which lead to the conquest of Jerusalem and the destruction of the Jewish temple there, and the triumphal procession the two held in Rome in 71 CE. It is situated at the E. entrance to the Forum Romanum, on the Via Sacra, south of the Temple of Amor and Roma, close to the Colosseum.

The arch was definitely erected sometimes after after the death of Titus in 81 CE, since Titus is referred to as Divus in the inscription. The deification of an emperor only happened posthumously after decision by the senate. It was most probably erected by emperor Domitian who succeeded his brother Titus in 81 CE, but it has also been suggested that it was built later, by Trajan, because of stylistic similarities with the Arch of Trajan at Benevento.

The Arch of Titus is a single arch, measuring 15.4m in height, 13.5m in width and 4.75m in depth, originally constructed entirely in Pantelic marble, with four semi-columns on each side. The external decorations include figures of Victoria with trophies on the spandrels and images of Roma and the Genius of Rome on the two keystones.

The inscription on the E. side is the original dedication of the arch by the senate. It reads:

Senatus
Populusque Romanus
divo Tito divo Vespasiani f(ilio)
Vespasiano Augusto

The senate
and people of Rome
to the divine Titus, son of the divine Vespasian,
Vespasianus Augustus

The inside the archway the monument is decorated with reliefs in marble. The S. side shows the beginning of the triumphal entry into Rome of the victorious emperor and his troops. The soldiers, walking left to right, are carrying the spoils of war, which include the seven armed candelabrum and the silver trumpets from the temple of Jerusalem. The signs carried by some soldiers displayed the names of the conquered cities and people. To the right the procession is entering the city through the Porta Triumphalis.

The N. side of the arch is decorated with a relief of the emperor in the triumphal procession. The emperor is riding a quadriga, which is lead by the goddess Roma, and he is crowned by Victoria flying above him. The lictors are walking in front of the chariot with their long ceremonial axes. After the emperor follow as a young man, who represents the Roman people, and an older man in toga, representing the senate. In the middle, under the vault a small relief shows the apotheosis of Titus, flying to the heavens on the back of an eagle.

Peter Wissing
Julia_Mamaea_Felicitas_RIC_IVb_676.jpg
Julia Mamaea Felicitas RIC IVb 676Julia Mamaea, Orichalcum Sestertius, 14.8g, 27mm, 222 - 235 AD, RIC IV 676, BMCRE VI 487, Cohen IV 21, Hunter III 18, SRCV II 8228
OBV: IVLIA MAMAEA AVGVSTA, draped bust right, wearing stephane, hair in horizontal ridges, with looped plait at the back of neck
REV: FELICITAS PVBLICA (to the good fortune / happiness of the public), Felicitas standing front, head left, raising caduceus in right,
legs crossed, leaning with left arm on column, S - C (senatus consulto) flanking across

Niece of Septimius Severus, sister of Julia Soaemias, mother of Severus Alexander, cousin of Caracalla, aunt of Elagabalus.
Regent and Consort for and of Severus Alexander
SRukke
Julia_Mamaea_Juno.jpg
Julia Mamaea, Juno with peacock, Silver Denarius * 222-235 A.D.
AR Denarius

Obv: IVLIA MAMAEA AVG. Draped bust, right.
Rev: IVNO CONSERVATRIX. Juno* standing left, holding patera in left hand and scepter in right hand, peacock at her feet to left and both left-facing.

Mint: Rome
Struck: 222 AD.

Size: 1.9 cm.
Weight: 3.1 grams.
Die axis: 0 degs.

Beautiful clear luster, with ‘minor’ shock damage to lower edge.

RIC IV/2, 343; C.35
Sear 2310
BMCR.43

* Olympian

Mamaea's imperial title was Iulia Augusta, mater Augusti nostri et castrorum et senatus et patriae, recalling the titulature of Julia Domna. Her position in the government was confirmed by the title consors imperii. Recognized as religiosissima, she had conversation with Origen while in the East as She accompanied Alexander on campaign there against the Persians in 230-231. In 235, she was with him in Germany, at Mainz, when they were assassinated by the troops, with Maximinus Thrax chosen as successor. She suffered damnatio memoriae.
Tiathena
Julia_Titi.jpg
Julia Titi (Flavia)Orichalcum dupondius, RIC II-1 T395/394 (R/R2); BnF III T268/T269; cf. Cohen I 3 (CONCORDIA AVG); Hunter I 5 (same); SRCV I 2616 (CONCORDIA AVG); BMCRE II -, aF, green patina, 10.442g, 28.0mm, 180o, Rome mint, struck under Titus, 80 - 81 A.D.; obverse IVLIA IMP T AVG F AVGVSTA, draped bust right, hair piled high in the front, coiled in a bun at the back; reverse CONCORD AVGVST, Concordia seated left, patera in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, S - C (senatus consulto) in exergue; from the Shawn Caza Collection, ex Kunst-und Antikmarkt Am Hof (Vienna, Austria); this coin is an extremely rare apparently unpublished mule of two very similar rare varieties from the same issue; zero sales of this mule type are recorded on Coin Archives in the last two decades; extremely rare.1 commentsTodd R
L_CALPURNIUS_PISO.jpg
L CALPURNIUS PISO CAESONINUS & Q SERVILIUS CAEPIO AR Denarius, Crawford 330/1a, Two QuaestorsOBV: Head of Saturn facing right, harpa and legend PISO behind, CAEPIO and symbol below, Q below chin
REV: AD FRV EMV EX SC, the two quaestors seated left between 2 grain ears
This piece was minted circa 100 BC under the authority of the moneyers L. Calpurnius Piso Caesonius and Q. Servilius Capeio, Quaestors. The obverse depicts the head of Saturn facing right, harpa and legend PISO behind, CAEPIO and symbol below, Q below chin. The reverse features the two Quaestors seated left between corn ears, with legends AD.FRV.EMV./EX.SC. This is an abbreviated form of "Ad Frumentum Emundum, ex Senatus Consulto". This piece was minted specifically for use in conjunction with a law that was passed to allow people to buy corn for "a semis and a triens for a modius". The Senate ordered the quaestors to strike a special issue of coins so that they could fulfil the provisions of the law. A very decent example of this scarcer historical type, issued for an early form of price control!

Minted at Rome, 100BC
Legatus
330,1b_Calpurnius_Piso_Caesoninus,_Servilius_Caepio.jpg
L. Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus and Q. Servilius Caepio - AR denariusRome
¹²100 BC
head of Saturn right, harpa behind
PISO_·_CAEPIO·_Q
crescent? below (off flan)
two questors seated left between two stalks of grain
AD·FRV·EMV / EX·S·C
¹Crawford 330/1b, SRCV I 210, Sydenham 603a, RSC I Calpurnia 5a
²Mark Passehl - Roman moneyer & coin type chronology, 150 – 50 BC
4,1g 18mm
ex Aureo & Calicó

This exceptional type was a joint issue of the Quaestor Urbanus (Caepio) and the Quaestor Ostiensis (Piso), struck to finance discounted grain on the initiative of Saturninus (lex frumentaria de semissibus et trientibus = one semis and one triens for modius). Coins were struck by special decree of the Senate (Ad frumentum emundun, ex senatus consulto) in order to fulfill above-mentioned decree.
J. B.
L__Procilius_L_f_.jpg
L. Procilius L.f. - Procilia-2ROMAN REPUBLIC L. Procilius L.f. Silver denarius serratus, VF, Italian mint, (4.109gm, maximum diameter 19.4mm, die axis 180o) 80 B.C.; obverse head of Juno Sospita clad in goat skin right, S C (senatus consulto - authorized by special decree of the Senate) behind; reverse Juno Sospita in a biga right, brandishing spear and holding shield, snake below, L.PROCILI.F in exergue. SRCV 307, Sydenham 772, Crawford 379/2, RSC I Procilia 25 commentsBud Stewart
Marcus Aurelius- Salus.jpg
Marcus Aurelius- SalusMarcus Aurelius, 7 marts 161- 17 marts 180 A.D.

Obverse:
Marcus Aurelius with radiate head right.

IMP CAES M AVREL ANTONINVS AVG P M

IMP: Imperator, general
CAES: Caesar
M: Marcus
AVREL: Aurelius
ANTONINVS: Antoninus
AVG: Augustus, emperor
P M: Pontifix Maximus, high priest.

Reverse:
SALVTI AVGVSTOR TR P XVII S-C, COS III below the buste.

SALVTI: Salus
AVGVSTOR: Augustus, emperor
TR P: Tribunicia Potestate. The tribunician power, the emperor as civil head of the state.
XVII: 17
S-C: Senatus Consultum, by the decret of the senate.
COS III: Consul for the third time. One of the two chief magistrates of the Roman state, and often the emperor was one.

Salus standing left offering a patera to snake arising from altar, and holding sceptre

Comment: The reverse is Salus. If it was a male, the garment would not go all the way to the ground.


Domination: Orichalcum Dupondius, size 23 mm

Mint: Rome. The coin has been struck 162/163 AD. Cohen 568. RIC 846
Peter Wissing
Marcvs Avrelivs- Victory.jpg
Marcvs Avrelivs- VictoryMarcus Aurelius, 7 marts 161- 17 marts 180 A.D.

Obverse:
Laureate head right

M ANTONINVS

M: Marcus
ANTONINVS: Antoninus

Reverse:

AVG TR P XXXII / IMP VIIII - COS III P P S C

AVG: Augustus, emperor
TR P XXXII: Tribunicia Potestate. The tribunician power, the emperor as civil head of the state.
IMP: Imperator
VIIII: 9, imperator for the ninth time
COS III: Consul for the third time. One of the two chief magistrates of the Roman state, and often the emperor was one.
PP: Pater Patria, farther of the country
SC: Senatus Consultus, by the decree of the senate

When the title of 'imperator' occurs in this type of legend, it is often numbered. Mine has IMP V. This refers to an old custom of the Roman republic, the 'acclamatio imperatoria', in which a victorious general was acclaimed 'imperator' by the legions. In imperial times the emperor was the object of this honor. IMP V tells us the emperor was acclaimed imperator for the fifth time, which occured in 168 for Marcus Aurelius, together with Lucius Verus.

Victory advancing left, probably C. 372, BMC p. 673,



Domination: Copper, AS, size 24 mm

Mint: Rome
Peter Wissing
medievak.jpg
Money ProvisinoDescription provided by Signiferlxf

Money Provisino, or more simply "Provisino", a coin was minted in Provins, in the north-east of France, by the Counts of Champagne. The name is the Provisino Italianization of Denier Provinois.

The type is the cross and the comb. Straight to the comb in the field has a double reference to the activities of the carding of wool, which was the main industry of the city of Provins, and the play on words between "champ" and "peigne" ("field" and "comb") which showed similarity to the region of origin.

In the twelfth and thirteenth Provins was the site of an important cattle fair, held in May and September, which attracted merchants from Europe as a whole. It was inserted between the Champagne fairs, which alternated between the city of Provins, Troyes, Saint-Florentin, Bar-sur-Aube, Sézanne, Château-Thierry. The first traces of the exhibitions are documented in Provins (999) and Troyes (1100): in 1137 the Flemings before attending the fair, the Italians began to attend on a regular basis since 1170. Based on local currency trades, the provisino acquired great importance and circulated throughout Europe.

The great influx of pilgrims to Rome, (even after the Crusades) brought large amounts of provisini in the city are also documented numerous trips influential Roman merchants at the fair in Provins. Given the poor performance of the Mint, and the arrival of a lesser amount of Imperial Coins of Pavia, Provisino had wide circulation in the city, much to soon be imitated by the mint of Rome. Around 1184 the Senate of Rome did in fact issue the provisinus senatus, showing the comb topped with an S and the legend ROMA CAPUT MVNDI. On the reverse cross was surrounded by the inscription SENATVS P. Q. R.
Provisini were coined by the then Senator of Rome, Charles of Anjou and Cola di Rienzo, and later still by Boniface IX in the Jubilee of 1400. The Roman provisino was coined until the reign of Pope Eugenius IV (1431-1447).

A linguistic curiosity: the value of small coins, it was natural that the Provisino (Provvisino called by the people) were used for purchases of food or goods of necessity. From here we began to say that he went to the first provvisita, then provvisita, and subsequently provided. Likewise other words originated as a commission, provisional, and so on.
NEAPOLITAN_REPUB_HENRY_1648.jpg
NEAPOLITAN REPUBLIC - Henry de GuiseNEAPOLITAN REPUBLIC - Henry de Guise (1647-1648) AE 3 Tornesi, 1648. Obv.: Crowned shield with letters SPQN. Legend: HEN DE LOR DUX REIP N. Rev.: Bound wheat and olives, legend PAX ET UBERTAS 1648. Reference: KM #55. Ex Ardatirion collection.
These are always poorly struck, usually not this nice. The design quality of this piece is rather crude, and the SPQN is NOT aligned properly... letters are sideways. Usually they are straight. Probably made toward the end of the siege of the Republic by Spain.
From Wikepedia: The Neapolitan Republic was a Republic created in Naples, which lasted from 22 October 1647 to 5 April 1648. It began after the revolt led by Masaniello and Giulio Genoino against the Spanish viceroys.
The leader of the Republic was Henry II of Lorraine, duke of Guise, descendant of the former king of Naples Rene I of Anjou. The Republic had the following official names: Serenissima Repubblica di questo regno di Napoli ("Most Serene Republic of this Kingdom of Naples"), Reale Repubblica ("Royal Republic"), and Serenissima Monarchia repubblicana di Napoli ("Most Serene Republican Monarchy of Naples"). All indicated the double nature of the Republic, both republican and monarchical, and "Serenissima" was a purposeful comparison with the famous Italian maritime republic with the same title, Venice. The coat of arms was a red shield with the motto S.P.Q.N., in imitation of the well-known S.P.Q.R., the initialism of the Latin phrase, Senatus Populusque Romanus ("The Senate and the People of Rome"), Thus, the Neapolitan phrase meant "The Senate and People of Naples." The coat of arms contained the crest of the duke of Guise.
dpaul7
Nero.jpg
NeroCopper as, RPC I Supp. S-1760a, F, corrosion, light scratches, 8.452g, 27.7mm, 315o, Heraclea Perinthos (Marmara Ereglisi, Turkey) mint, 63 - 9 Jun 68 A.D.; obverse NERO CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG, laureate head right; reverse Neptune standing half left, dolphin in right, long vertical trident in left, S - C (senatus consulto) flanking across field; very rareTodd R
Nero_AE27_As_Lyon_Mint_Ara_Pacis_Augustae__Altar_of_Augustan_Peace__Rev-removebg-preview.png
Nero (Augustus) Coin: Bronze AsIMP NERO CAESAR AVG P MAX TR P P P - Bare head right.
Ara Pacis - Altar enclosure with ornamented panels and central double door, S - C (senatus consulto) flanking across field, ARA PACIS in exergue
Exergue: ARAPACIS



Mint: Lugdunum (66 AD)
Wt./Size/Axis: 8.87g / 27.2mm / 180
Rarity: Common
References:
RIC I, 527
Mac Dowall WCN 590
BnF II 150
Cohen I 30
BMCRE I -
Provenances:
Forvm Ancient Coins
Acquisition/Sale: Forvm Ancient Coins Internet $0.00 09/19
Notes: Sep 12, 19 - The Gary R. Wilson Collection
GRWilson
Nero_and_Druses_Caesar.jpg
NERO AND DRUSUS CAESAR Ae Dupondius RIC 34, Senatus ConsultoOBV: NERO ET DRVSVS CAESARES, Nero & Drusus on horseback riding right
REV: C CAESAR AVG GERMANICVS PON M TR POT around large S C
11.56g, 27mm
Minted at Rome under Caligula, 37-38 AD
Nero & Drusus Caesars, brothers of Caligula
Legatus
Nero- Victoria new.jpg
Nero- VictoriaNero, 13 October 54 - 9 June 68 A.D.

Obverse:
Laureate head left
IMP NERO CAESAR AVG GERM

IMP: Imperator,
NERO: Nero
CAESAR: Caesar
AVG: Augustus,
GERM: Germanicus,

Reverse:

S --- C

S :Senatus: Senat
C: Consulto: Decree

Showing: Reverse S - C, Victory flying left,

Domination: AS, Bronze, size 27 mm

Mint: Rome???
Peter Wissing
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