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OBV: ANTONINVS PIVS AVG GERM
REV: P.M.TR.P.XVIII.COS.IIII.P.P.
Aesculapius standing front head left holding serpent-entwined wand, globe on ground right......R.S.C 302 R.I.C 251
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Severus Alexander
Nicaea, Bithynia
Obv. Laur head r., M AYP CEVH AΛЄZANΔPOC AV round.
Rev. Serpent twined round torch, NIKA-IEΩN round
5.79 gm, 21 mm
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Anonymous. After 211 BC. Post-reform Bronze As.
Obv.: Janus with I above
Rev.: Prow right with I above and ROMA below.
g. 38,5 mm. 30
Crawford 56/2; Syd 143.
Maxentius
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Maximinus I - Sestertius - 236/238
Ob.: MAXIMINVS PIVS AVG GERM; Laureate, draped & cuirassed bust right
Rev.: SALVS AVGVSTI S C; Salus seated left, feeding from patera a serpent arising from altar.
gs. 18,6 mm 34
Cohen 92, RIC IV 85Maxentius
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Maxentius - Follis - 308/312 - Mint of Rome
Ob.: IMP C MAXENTIVS P F AVG; laureate head right
Rev.: CONSERV VRB SVAE; Rome holds sceptre & globe within hexastyle temple
gs. 7,1 mm. 25,4
Cohen 34, RIC 210Maxentius
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DIOCLETIAN - Potin Tetradrachm - year 2 (285/286)
Ob.: A K Γ ΟΥΑΛ ΔΙΟΚΛΗΤΙΑΝΟC CEB; laureate & draped bust right
Rev.: L B; Alexandria stg. left, holds bust of Serapis and sceptre
gs. 6,7 mm. 19,8
Milne 4781Maxentius
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MN ACILIVS GLABRIO Denarius - 49 BC - Mint of Rome
Gens Acilia
Ob.:head of Salus right. Behind downwards, SALVTIS
Rev.: MN ACILIVS III VIR VALETV (MN & TV in monogram), Salus standing left holding serpent, leaning on a column.
gs. 3,,4 mm. 17,9
Cr442/1b, Sear RCV 412
Maxentius
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AR Quinarius - OCTAVIAN - Uncertain Italian mint - 29-27 BC.
Obv.: CAESAR IMP VII, bare head right
Rev.:ASIA RECEPTA, Victory standing left on cista mystica between two serpents erect.
gs. 1,7 mm. 13,4
RIC 276, Sear RCV 1568Maxentius
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Serrate Denarius - 79 BC.
C. NAEVIVS BALBVS - Gens Naevia
Obv.: Diademed head of Venus right, SC behind
Rev.: Victory in triga right; C NAE BALB (AE & AL in monogram) in ex.
Gs. 3,6 mm. 18,4
Crawford 382/1, Sear RCV 309
Maxentius
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C. SERVILIVS M.f. Denarius. 136 BC. Gens SERVILIA - g. 3,8, mm. 20,5x19,7
Obv.:Winged, helmeted head of Roma right, surmounted by head of an eagle, wreath & * behind, ROMA below
Rev.: the Dioscuri galloping in opposite directions, C SERVEILI M F in ex.
Cr239/1, Sear RCV 116.
Maxentius
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Serrate Denarius - 106 BC
L. MEMMIVS GALERIA - Gens Memmia
Obv.: Laureate head of Saturn left; ROMA and harpa behind
Rev,; Venus in biga right, Cupid flying above with laurel wreath, L MEMMI (ME in monogram) GAL in two lines in ex.
Gs. 3,82 mm. 17,2x17,8
Cr313/1a, Sear RCV 190.
Maxentius
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Serrate Denarius - 105 BC. - Mint of Rome
L. AVRELIVS COTTA - Gens Aurelia
Obv.: Draped bust of Vulcan right, in a laureate pileus, tongs & XVI (in monogram) behind, H • before; all within a myrtle wreath
Rev.: Eagle standing right on thunderbolt, head left, L COT below; all within a laurel wreath.
Gs. 3,7 mm. 18,4
Cr314/1b; Sear RCV 191
Maxentius
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Denarius serratus - 118 B.C. - Narbo
L. COSCONIVS, L. LICINIVS, CN. DOMITIVS - Gens Cosconia
Obv.: Helmeted head of Rome right; COSCO M.F.. X behind.
Rev.: Gallic warrior (Bituitus?) in biga right, with shield and carnix. L LIC CN DOM in ex.
Gs. 3,8 mm. 19,7
Craw. 282/2, Sear RCV 158Maxentius
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Denarius - 80 BC.
L. PROCILIVS - Gens PROCILIA
Obv.: Bust of Jupiter right, S C behind
Rev.: L PROCILI F, Juno Sospita advancing right with sheild and spear. Serpent before.
Gs. 3,9 mm. 18,2x18,9
Craw.379/1, Sear RCV 306
Maxentius
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CARACALLA - Denarius - 205 AD.
Obv.:ANTONINVS PIVS AVG, laureate and draped bust right
Rev.: PONTIF TR P VIII COS II, Salus seated left, feeding serpent coiled around altar.
Gs. 2,9 mm. 18,1
Cohen 422, RIC 82Maxentius
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Maxentius AE 28 Follis 308-310 AD.
IMP C MAXENTIVS PF AVG- Laureate head right.
CONSERV VRB SVAC-Roma seated left within hexastyle temple, holding globe & scepter, a shield to her right and wreath in pediment.
In ex: RBT Rome Mintnewone
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Denarius Serratus 64 or 62 BC. - Mint of Rome
L. ROSCIVS FABATVS - Gens Roscia
Obv.: Head of Juno Sospita in goat skin, L ROSCI below, symbol behind (Shield)
Rev.:Girl standing right feeding serpent before, symbol to left (helm), FABATI in ex.
gs. 3,9 mm. 18,2x17,4
Crawford 412/1; Sear RCV 363, Grueber I 3394.
Maxentius
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Denarius Serratus - 79 BC - Rome mint
Obv.: Head of Juno Sospita right, wearing goatskin, symbol behind (amphora with two handles and string)
Rev.:Gryphon dancing right, symbol below (ampulla), L PAPI in ex.
Gs. 3,8 mm. 18,28x19,64
Crawf. 384/1, Sear RCV 311, Grueber 2977
Maxentius
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Denarius Serratus - 81 BC. - Rome mint
C. MARIVS C.f. CAPITO - Gens Maria
Obv.: CAPIT CIIII . Bust of Ceres right, wreathed with corn, symbol (torque) below chin.
Rev.:Plowman with yoke of oxen plowing left, same numeral above. In ex., C MARI C.F. / S C.
Gs. 3,7 mm. 19,2
Crawf. 378/1c, Sear RCV 300, Grueber (symbol torque) 2875.
Maxentius
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Bronze antoninianus, RIC 608, aVF, 2.177g, 22.2mm, 180o, Antioch mint, 267 A.D.; obverse GALLIENVS AVG, radiate bust right; reverse IOVI CONSERVAT, Jupiter standing left, globe in right, scepter in left, PXV in exareich
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Cast Aes Grave As (reduced libral series) - 225/217 BC. - Rome mint
Anonymous
Obv.: Laureate head of Janus
Rev.: Prow right, I above
Gr. 250 mm. 60,33
Crawford 35/1, Sear RCV 570
Maxentius
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Aurelianus Antoninianus, RESTITVT ORBIS reverse
Aurelianus (270-275 AD). AE silvered Antoninianus (22-23 mm, 3.77 g), Serdica (Sofia), 274-275 AD.
Obv. IMP AVRELIANVS P AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right.
Rev. RESTITVT ORBIS, woman (Victory?) standing right, presenting wreath to emperor standing left, holding sceptre.
Ex. KAA.
RIC V, 1, p. 298, 298.Antonivs Protti
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AE sestertius. Struck under Claudius, circa 50-54 AD, uncertain eastern provincial mint located in the modern-day Balkans.
Obv : TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG F BRITANNICVS, draped bust left.
Rev : - No legend, Mars advancing left, holding spear and shield, SC in fields. 35mm, 19.4g. Extremely Rare.
Ref : BMCRE 226
Cohen 2
RCV 1908, valued at $32,000 in Fine, which is a few multiples greater than any other sestertius issued during the several centuries the denomination was in use.
A large number of the surviving examples of this series (one may even suggest a majority of them), due to their rarity, have been subjected to modern alteration techniques such as smoothing, tooling, and repatination. As such, it's actually pleasant to see a bit of field roughness and a 'plain brown' patina of old copper on this example, evidence that it is just as ugly as it was the day it was last used in circulation back in Ancient Rome.
Britannicus, originally known as Germanicus after Claudius' older brother, was the emperor's original intended heir and natural son. Machinations by Agrippina II eventually saw Britannicus supplanted by her own son Nero, (by Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus) who took the throne upon Claudius' suspicious death. Britannicus himself died a few years later, reportedly poisoned by his step-brother. The future emperor Titus and Britannicus were close friends, and Titus became quite ill and nearly died after eating from the same poisoned dish that killed Britannicus.R. Smits
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Königreich Bayern
Maximilian II. Joseph, 1848 - 1864
Kreuzer 1861, München
Vs: Gekröntes Wappen.
Rs: Wertangabe und Jahr im Eichenkranz.
Erhaltung: Fleckig, sehr schön.
Durchmesser: 14 mm
Gewicht: 0,9 g Billon _390Antonivs Protti
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Römisch Deutsches Reich - Augsburg, Reichsstadt
Zeit Joseph II. 1765 - 1790
Pfennig 1786
Stadtpyr in Kartusche/Wertzahl,darunter Jahreszahl.
Erhaltung: Sehr schön.
Durchmesser: 16 mm
Gewicht: 1,9 g (Cu) _1989Antonivs Protti
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Römisch Deutsches Reich - Coesfeld, Stadt
IIII Pfennig 1763
Stadtwappen mit Stierkopf/Wertzahl
Erhaltung: Sehr schön.
Durchmesser: 21 mm
Gewicht: 2,5 g _1493Antonivs Protti
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RDR -- Brandenburg-Preussen
Friedrich Wilhelm III. (1797-1840)
1826
Pfennig (Kupfer)
Münzstätte: Düsseldorf
Vs: Gekröntes Wappen. Umschrift: "360 EINEN THALER"
Rs: Wert, Jahreszahl und Münzzeichen.
Gewicht: 1,3g
Durchmesser: 17 mm
Erhaltung: schön _897Antonivs Protti
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Belgien
Medaille 1909 (Bronze)
auf die Eröffnung der Klinik am 14.6.1909, finanziert durch die Gemeinschaftskasse von Industrie und Handel
Gewicht: 19,1g
Durchmesser: 34mm
Erhaltung: zaponiert, min.Rdf., vorzüglich _1298Antonivs Protti
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Deutsches Reich -- Kaiserreich
Wilhelm II. 1888-1918
1/2 Mark 1918 D
München
Vorderseite: Jahr und Wert zwischen Eichenzweigen.
Rückseite: Adler zwischen Eichenzweigen.
Erhaltung: Fast Stempelglanz.
Metall: Silber, .900 fein.
Gewicht: 2,7 g.
Durchmesser: 20 mm. _792Antonivs Protti
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Deutsches Reich
Kaiser Wilhelm II., 1888-1918
1 Mark 1915 D (Silber)
Münzstätte München
Vs.: Gekrönter Reichsadler
Rs.: Wert und Jahreszahl
Gewicht: 5,5g
Erhaltung: fein getönt, unzirkuliert _899Antonivs Protti
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Deutschland
Medaille o.J. 1990er Jahre (Kupfer-Nickel, vergoldet)
von Sir Roward Hill
auf Hans-Dietrich Genscher
Durchmesser: 39mm
Gewicht: 27,2g
Erhaltung: stempelglanz _290Antonivs Protti
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Hannover
Medaille 2000 (Kupfer-Nickel)
Auf die Expo in Hannover
Gewicht: 25,7g
Durchmesser: 39mm
Erhaltung: vorzüglich _596Antonivs Protti
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Deutschland
Bremerhaven
Medaille 1982 (Kupfer-Nickel)
auf das Technikmuseum U-Boot Wilhelm Bauer e.v.
Vs.: U-Boot
Rs.: Elefant
Gewicht: 19,0g
Durchmesser: 37mm
Erhaltung: vorzüglich-stempelglanz _798Antonivs Protti
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Deutschland
Krefeld
Tragbare Medaille 1912 (Bronze, versilbert)
auf das Goldene Jubelfest d. G.V. Polyhymnia
Vs.: Frau spielt Harfe
Rs.: Schrift
Durchmesser: 34mm
Gewicht: 13,8g
Erhaltung:zaponiert, vorzüglich _1093Antonivs Protti
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Deutschland
Berlin
Medaille o.J. (Kupfer-Nickel, vergoldet)
von Sir Roward Hill
auf die Gedächtniskirche Berlin
Vs.: Kirche
Rs.: Adler
Gewicht: 26,8g
Durchmesser: 39mm
Erhaltung: stempelglanz _190Antonivs Protti
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Frankreich
Medaille 1878 (Bronze)
von Barre
auf die Exposition Universelle zu Paris
Vs.: Kopf nach links
Rs.: Schrift
Gewicht: 15,4g
Durchmesser: 30mm
Erhaltung:min.Rdf., zaponiert, vorzüglich _897Antonivs Protti
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Deutschland
Potsdam
Medaille 1924 (Bronze)
II.Preis , gestiftet vom Potsdamer Schwimmclub
Vs.: Schwimmer greifen nach Lorbeerkranz, den Germania hält
Rs.:Gravur
Gewicht: 16,3g
Durchmesser: 35mm
Erhaltung: vorzüglich _591Antonivs Protti
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Römisch Deutsches Reich - Hessen Darmstadt
Ernst Ludwig, 1678 - 1739
Albus 1697
Löwenschild auf Zweigen.
Rs: Wert und Jahr auf Zweigen.
Erhaltung: Fast sehr schön
Durchmesser: 17 mm
Gewicht: 0,9 g Silber _1092Antonivs Protti
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RDR -- Haus Habsburg
Franz II. (1792-1806-1835)
1800
6 Kreuzer (Kupfer)
Münzstätte: Wien (A)
Vs: Kopf nach rechts, darunter in Verzierung Münzzeichen (A). Umschrift: "FRANZ•II•RÖM•KAI•KÖN•Z•HU•U•BÖ•ERZH• Z•OEST•"
Rs: unter Krone Doppeladler, auf der Brust Wertzahl. Umschrift: "SECHS•KREUTZER•ERBLAENDISCH•1800•"
Gewicht: 12,4g
Durchmesser: 31 mm
Erhaltung: schön _799Antonivs Protti
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Römisch Deutsches Reich
Haus Habsburg
Maria Theresia, 1740-1780
Taler 1780 (Silber)
Vs.: Büste nach rechts
Rs.: Gekrönter Doppeladler
Gewicht: 28,2g
Durchmesser: 41,5mm
Erhaltung: fein getönt, Polierte Platte-
Posthume Prägung aus den 1970er Jahren, vorallem hergestellt für den Export in die USA _2691Antonivs Protti
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Großbritannien
Medaille 1934 (Aluminium)
Daily Record Medal, 26.9.1934
Gewicht: 4,0g
Durchmesser: 31mm
Erhaltung: zaponiert, gelocht, sehr schön _199Antonivs Protti
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Stadt Rostock
3 Pfennig 1859 BS ( Benjamin Steinhorst)
Greif nach links.
Rs: Wert, Jahr und Mmz.
Erhaltung: Randfehler, sehr schön.
Durchmesser: 21 mm
Gewicht: 2,8 g (Cu) _1999Antonivs Protti
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RDR -- Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Friedrich Franz II. (1842-1883)
Pfennig (Kupfer)
Münzstätte: Schwerin
Vs: Gekröntes Monogramm. Umschrift: "VGG GROSSH V MECKLENB SCHWERIN"
Rs: Wert, Jahreszahl und Münzzeichen (B).
Gewicht: 1,5g
Durchmesser: 15 mm
Erhaltung: sehr schön _397Antonivs Protti
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Deutsches Reich
Preussen
Königreich
Wilhelm II. (1888-1918)
2 Mark 1901
Münzstätte: Berlin
Anlässlich des 200jährigen Bestehen des Königreiches
Vorderseite: "+FRIEDRICH.I.1701. WILHELM.II.1901." um gestaffelte Brustbilder (nach links), das vordere mit gekröntem Adler auf Helm
Rückseite: "DEUTSCHES REICH 1901 / * ZWEI MARK *" um Krone über Adler mit Wappenschild auf Brusthöhe
Rand geriffelt
feine Kratzer, Vorzüglich / Stempelglanz
Silber (900/1000)
11,1g
Durchmesser ca. 28mm
AKS # 136
Jaeger # 105 _2998Antonivs Protti
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Polen
Johann Kasimir (1649-1668)
1666 (?)
Schilling (Kupfer)
Münzstätte: Krakau (?)
Vs: Büste nach rechts. Umschrift: "IOAN CAS REX"
Rs: Reiter nach rechts. Umschrift: "SOLI..... 1666"
Gewicht: 1,0g
Durchmesser: 14 mm
Erhaltung: schön _299Antonivs Protti
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Königreich Polen - Stadt Riga
Sigismund III., 1587 - 1632
III Gröscher 1593, Mzz. Lilie
Vs: Gekrönter Kopf nach rechts.
Rs: Wertzahl III, darunter Stadtburg zwischen Jahrzahl und Wertangabe in Schrift.
Iger R.93.1c
Erhaltung: Sehr schön.
Durchmesser: 21 mm
Gewicht: 2,3 g Silber _4896Antonivs Protti
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Österreich
Kaiser Franz Joseph I., 1848-1916
1 Kreuzer 1885 (Kupfer)
Münzstätte Wien
Vs.: Gekrönter Doppeladler
Rs.: Wert und Jahreszahl
Gewicht: 3,3g
Erhaltung: unzirkuliert _496Antonivs Protti
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Römisch Deutsches Reich - Erzbistum Salzburg
Max Gandolph Graf von Küenburg, 1668 - 1687
3 Kreuzer 1681
Erhaltung: Sehr schön.
Vs: Hüftbild des Heiligen Rupert mit Krummstab und Salzfaß.
Rs: Stifts und Familienwappen zwischen Jahreszahl und Wertzahl.
Durchmesser: 21 mm
Gewicht: 1,6 g Silber _2692Antonivs Protti
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Schweiz
Medaille 1891 (Aluminium)
Auf 600 Jahre Eidgenossenschaft
Vs.: Baum mit Wappen an den Astenden
Rs.: Rütlischwur
Durchmesser: 49mm
Gewicht: 15,8g
Erhaltung: Randunebenheiten, sehr schön _1593Antonivs Protti
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Schweiz - Bern
1/2 Batzen 1826 (?)
Überprägt auf ein 1/2 Batzen aus dem 18. Jahrhundert.
vgl. Divo/Tobler 44
Erhaltung: Überprägungsspuren, gewellt, sehr schön.
Durchmesser: 23 mm
Gewicht: 1,6 g Billon _591Antonivs Protti
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Römisch Deutsches Reich - Münster, Domkapitel
VI Pfennig 1762, Münzstätte Münster,
Hl. Paulus mit Bibel und Schwert.
Rs: Wert und Jahr.
Erhaltung: Schön.
Durchmesser: 25 mm
Gewicht: 3,2 g (Cu) _692Antonivs Protti
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Römisch Deutsches Reich - Münster, Domkapitel
III Pfennig 1758 (?), Münster
Heiliger Paulus mit Bibel und Schwert
Rs: Jahreszahl und Wertzahl
Erhaltung: Fast sehr schön.
Durchmesser: 23 mm
Gewicht: 3,8 g (Cu) _691Antonivs Protti
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Königreich Westfalen
Hieronymus Napoleon, 1807 - 1813
3 Cent 1809 C, Kassel
Monogramm aus HN im Kranz.
Rs: Landesbezeichnung, Wert, Mzz. und Jahr.
Erhaltung: Sehr schön
Durchmesser: 25 mm
Gewicht: 4,3 g _694Antonivs Protti
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Pirmasens (Bayern) 5 Pfennig. ohne Jahr
Vs: Wappen
Rs: Wert
Zitat: Menzel 11016
Gewicht: 1.52 g. Durchmesser: 19-20 mm
Metall: Zink. Erhaltung: Sehr schön _196
Antonivs Protti
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AUGUSTUS
AE As Rome Mint
25.7 mm, 10.3 grams
OBV: CEASER AUGUST PONT MAX TRIBVNIC POT, Bare head of Augustus right
REV: M MAECILIVS TVLLVS III VIR A A A F around large S C.
RIC-I-435
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Obv: Õ¼Õ¡Õ«Ô²Õ¥Õ¶ (Raiben; Roupen); Cross Pattée with small pellets in four quadrants
Rev: Õ®Õ¡Õ¼Õ¡ Õ¡Õµ (Tsara ay; Servant of God); Cross Pattée with large pellets in four quadrants
Quant.Geek
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Andronicus II Palaeologus, with Michael IX. 1282-1328. Æ Assarion (19mm, 1.70 g, 6h). Class III. Constantinople mint. Struck 1295-1320. Winged seraph / Half-length facing figures of Andronicus and Michael, holding patriarchal cross between them. DOC 638-46; SB 2429. VF, green and brown patina.
From the Iconodule Collection.Quant.Geek
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Constantius II. AD 337-361. (22mm, 4.27 g, 12h). Contemporary imitation. Uncertain mint, possibly in the Balkans. Struck circa AD 348-351 or later. Pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right / Soldier left, spearing fallen horseman to lower left; shield to right; •ISNSI•. Cf. Sergeev 271-2; for prototype: cf. RIC VIII 81 (Constantinople mint). Good VF, dark brown patina with traces of green. Interesting contemporary imitation of the FEL TEMP REPARATIO type. Quant.Geek
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MOEDA - 500 Réis - 1938 - Regente Feijó
________________________________________
Série Ilustres
Excelente estado de conservação
ANVERSO
O busto do Regente do Império Diogo António Feijó circundado pela inscrição REGENTE FEIJÓ. Em baixo, monograma do gravador Calmon Barreto.
REVERSO
No centro, uma coluna coríntia encimada pela inscrição circular BRASIL entre dois filetes. À esquerda do campo, o valor 500 e, à direita, a palavra RÉIS em posição horizontal. No exergo, a data e, ao lado direito, a sigla do gravador Walter Toledo.
PADRÃO MONETÁRIO
MIL-RÉIS (de 08/10/1833 a 31/10/1942)
PERÍODO POLÍTICO
República, Era Vargas (1930-1945)
ORIGEM
Casa da Moeda, Rio de Janeiro
CARACTERÍSTICAS
Material: bronze alumínio
Diâmetro: 22,5 mm
Peso: 5,00 g
Espessura: 1,80 mm
Bordo: serrilhado
Titulagem: Cu 910, Al 90
Eixo: reverso medalha (EV)
_____________________Antonivs Protti
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Moeda Brasil 1935- 1000 Reis
Serie Ilustres - Padre Anchieta
Módulo Maior - Escassa
________________________________
ANVERSO
Efígie do Padre José de Anchieta, de perfil, onde
se ostenta a inscrição vertical ANCHIETA.
Missionário e fundador de São Paulo.
Sigla do gravador Calmon Barreto.
REVERSO
No centro, um livro aberto e o valor 1000 réis em
semicírculo. Sob o valor, a data. No exergo, a palavra
BRASIL. Sigla do gravador Walter Toledo.
PADRÃO MONETÁRIO
MIL-RÉIS (de 08/10/1833 a 31/10/1942)
PERÍODO POLÍTICO
República, Era Vargas (1930-1945)
ORIGEM
Casa da Moeda, Rio de Janeiro
CARACTERÍSTICAS
Material: bronze alumínio
Diâmetro: 26,7 mm
Peso: 8,00 g
Espessura: 2,10 mm
Bordo: serrilhadoAntonivs Protti
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Northwest Gaul, Carnutes. Ca. 100-52 B.C. Æ (16 mm, 3.12 g, 9 h). Head right / Two eagles flying right; in field, pentagram and cross with pellet in each quarter; serpent to right. Depeyrot 25; Delestrée & Tache 2582Quant.Geek
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HENRY VI
Henry VI was King of England from 1422 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471. The only child of Henry V, he succeeded to the English throne at the age of nine months when his father died.
This was during the period of the long-running Hundred Years' War (1337 - 1453) and Henry is the only English monarch to also have been crowned King of France (as Henri II), in 1431. During his early reign several people were ruling for him and by the time Henry was declared fit to rule in 1437 he found his realm in a difficult position, faced with setbacks in France and divisions among the nobility at home. Henry is described as timid, shy, passive, well intentioned, and averse to warfare and violence; he was also at times mentally unstable. Partially in the hope of achieving peace, Henry married the ambitious and strong-willed Margaret of Anjou in 1445. The peace policy failed and the war recommenced with France taking the upper hand such that by 1453 Calais was Henry's only remaining territory on the continent.
With Henry effectively unfit to rule, Queen Margaret took advantage of the situation to make herself an effective power behind the throne. Starting around 1453 Henry began suffering a series of mental breakdowns and tensions mounted between Margaret and Richard of York, not only over control of the incapacitated king's government, but over the question of succession to the throne. Civil war broke out in 1459, leading to a long period of dynastic conflict, now known as the Wars of the Roses. Henry was deposed on 29th March 1461 after a crushing defeat at the Battle of Towton by Richard of York's son, who took the throne as Edward IV. Margaret continuing to resist Edward, but Henry was captured by Edward's forces in 1465 and imprisoned in the Tower of London.
Queen Margaret, who was first exiled in Scotland and then in France, was still determined to win back the throne on behalf of her husband and son. So, when Edward IV fell out with two of his main supporters, Richard Neville the Earl of Warwick and George the Duke of Clarence, Margaret formed a secret alliance with them backed by Louis XI of France. Warwick returned with an army to England, forced Edward IV into exile, and restored Henry VI to the throne on 30th October 1470, though Henry's position was nominal as Warwick and Clarence effectively ruled in his name.
But Henry's return to the throne lasted less than six months. Warwick overreached himself by declaring war on Burgundy, whose ruler responded by giving Edward IV the assistance he needed to win back his throne by force. Edward retook power in 1471, killing Warwick at the Battle of Barnet and Henry's only son at the Battle of Tewkesbury. Henry was again imprisoned in the Tower where, during the night of 21st May he died, possibly killed on Edward's orders.*Alex
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CARDINAL WOLSEY
When Henry VIII became King of England in 1509 he appointed Thomas Wolsey to the post of Almoner, a position that gave him a seat on the Privy Council and an opportunity for establishing a personal rapport with the King to such an extent that by 1514 Wolsey had become the controlling figure in virtually all matters of state. In 1515, he was awarded the title Archbishop of York and this, followed by his appointment that same year as Cardinal by Pope Leo X, gave him precedence over all other English clerics. His ecclesiastical power advanced even further in 1523 when the Bishop of Durham, a post with wide political powers, was added to his titles.
After Wolsey attained the position of Lord Chancellor, the King's chief adviser, he had achieved more power than any other Crown servant in English history and during his fourteen years of chancellorship Wolsey, who was often alluded to as an alter rex (other king), used his power to neutralise the influence of anyone who might threaten his position..
In spite of having made many enemies, Cardinal Wolsey retained Henry VIII's confidence until, in 1527, the King decided to seek an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon so that he could marry Anne Boleyn. Henry asked Wolsey to negotiate the annulment with the Pope and in 1528 the Pope decided to allow two papal legates, Wolsey himself and Cardinal Campeggio, to decide the outcome in England. Wolsey was confident of the outcome, but Campeggio took a long time to arrive, and then he delayed proceedings so much, that the case had to be suspended and the Pope decided that the official decision should therefore be made in Rome and not in England.
After his failure to negotiate the annulment, Wolsey fell out of favour with Henry and in 1529 he was stripped of his government office and property, including the magnificent Palace of Hampton Court, which Henry took as his own main London residence.
Wolsey was however permitted to retain the title of Archbishop of York and so he travelled to Yorkshire, for the first time in his career, to carry out those duties.
Now that he was no longer protected by Henry, Wolsey's enemies, including it is rumoured, Ann Boleyn, conspired against him and Henry had him arrested and recalled to London to answer to charges of treason, one of those being that with 'pompous and preposterous mind, he had enterprised to join and imprint the Cardinal's hat under the King's arms on the King's coin of groats made in the city of York'. But Wolsey, now in great distress, fell ill on the journey back to the capital and at Leicester, on 29 November 1530, aged about 57, he died from natural causes before he could be beheaded.*Alex
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Commemorative Series 330-354 Follis URBS ROMA She-wolf Romulus RemusBritanikus
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Obv: IMP CONSTANTINVSPFAVG
Rev: IOVI CONSERVATORI AVG NN
B in R Field, Eagle at feet in L FieldTacitus
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Hadrian Travel Series AR Den. 3.46 gm. AFRICA reclining l. holding scorpion & cornucopia, basket of fruit at feet, elephant-trunk headdress. RIC 299paul1888
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THOMAS ROTHERHAM, ARCHBISHOP OF YORK
Thomas Rotherham, also known as Thomas (Scot) de Rotherham, was an English cleric and statesman. He served as bishop of several dioceses, most notably as Archbishop of York and, on two occasions as Lord Chancellor. Rotherham was educated at King's College, Cambridge, he graduated as a Bachelor of Divinity and became a Fellow of his college where he lectured on Grammar, Theology, and Philosophy. After his ordination as a priest, he became a prebendary of Lincoln in 1462 and then of Salisbury in 1465. He moved on to powerful positions in the Church, being appointed as Bishop of Rochester in 1468, Bishop of Lincoln in 1472, and then Archbishop of York in 1480, a position he held until his death in 1500.
In 1467, King Edward IV appointed Rotherham as Keeper of the Privy Seal. He was sent as ambassador to France in 1468 and as joint ambassador to Burgundy in 1471, and in 1475 was entrusted with the office of Lord Chancellor. When Edward IV died in April 1483, Rotherham was one of the celebrants of the funeral mass on 20th April 1483 and immediately after Edward's death he sided with the dowager queen, Elizabeth Woodville, in her attempt to deprive Richard, Duke of Gloucester of his role as Lord Protector of her son, the new King Edward V. When Elizabeth sought sanctuary after Richard had taken charge of the king, Rotherham released the Great Seal to her (though he later recovered it and handed it over to Thomas Bourchier, the Archbishop of Canterbury).
Rotherham's mishandling of the seal was perceived as indicative of questionable loyalty and led to his dismissal as Lord Chancellor. He was replaced by John Russell, who earlier had also been his successor as Bishop of Lincoln. On 13th June 1483, Rotherham was charged with being involved in a conspiracy between Lord Hastings and the Woodvilles against Richard and imprisoned in the Tower of London, but he was released a few weeks later, around the middle of July, after Richard's coronation as King Richard III. Rotherham was re-instated as Chancellor in 1485, however he was dismissed shortly afterwards by Henry VII and retired from public work.
Rotherham died of the plague in Cawood near York on 29th May 1500. His remains were transferred to a magnificent marble tomb in York Minster in 1506.*Alex
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EGYPT. Alexandria. Domitian, 81-96. Diobol
(25 mm, 7.42 g, 11 h),
Obv: RY 10 = 90/1. [ΑΥΤ] ΚΑΙϹΑΡ ΔΟΜΙΤ [ϹЄΒ ΓЄΡΜ] Laureate head of Domitian to right, with aegis on his left shoulder.
Rev: L I Agathodaemon serpent riding horse to right.
Dattari (Savio) 563. Emmett 276.10. K&G 24.110. RPC II 2584A.
Extremely rare. Somewhat porous and with light deposits, otherwise, good fine.
From a European collection, formed before 2005.
Leu Numismatic Web auction 17 Lot 2103 Sunday August 15, 2021
I was first made aware of this coin a few years ago. Ever since, I have trying to grab one when they come up at auctions. The problem is 2-fold. First, it is a rare type. If the attribution of RPC 2854A is correct, it is even rarer than RPC 2854 which is on its own a rare coin. RPC online has my coin as RPC 2854 but I am not sure they are correct. The presence or absence of Aegis on the bust seems to be the key factor in differentiating these types.
I have found that I am attracted to the Alexandrian bronzes struck for Domitian. So many of the Egyptian themed coins are interesting and are a real departure from the reverses of the imperial coinage from the same time period.
Rarity aside it is the reverse of this coin that really shines. A coin that depicts a snake riding a horse? Yes, I will take one of those please. The reverse is so interesting that there is more demand for this type than the current supply. I consider myself lucky to add this fascinating type to my collection.
From the auction description: “According to Emmett, the reverse of this interesting issue is connected to the grain harvest. The horse represents the continuous cycle of the seasons, while Agathodaemon ensures that the grain will sprout, thus ensuring Egypt's prosperity.”
orfew
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CARIA, Knidos. Circa 490-465 BC. AR Drachm (16.5mm, 6.11 g, 6h). Forepart of lion right / Head of Aphrodite right within incuse square. Cahn Series III, 65 (V33/R47); HN Online 301.
From the Sigmund Collection.paul1888
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Philip I AD 244-249 Æ Sestertius (27x31mm, 15.79 g.)
Secular Games issue.
Rome mint, struck AD 249.
Obv. Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right.
Rev. SAECVLARES AVGG, she-wolf standing left, head right, suckling the twins Romulus and Remus.
RIC IV 159
Continuing the tradition of Claudius and Antoninus Pius before him, the celebration of the Secular Games at the end of every century since the founding of Rome culminated during the reign of Philip I, as the city celebrated her 1,000th anniversary in AD 248. The legends on these issues almost exclusively read Saeculares Augg, and feature a similar iconography from previous games, such as the she-wolf suckling the twins, the various wild beasts paraded through the amphitheater, and a cippus inscribed for the preservation of the memory of these events.paul1888
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JAMES V OF SCOTLAND
James V was King of Scotland from 9th September 1513 until his death in 1542, following the Scottish defeat at the Battle of Solway Moss.
James was the third son of King James IV of Scotland and his wife Margaret Tudor, a daughter of Henry VII of England and sister of Henry VIII. He became king at just seventeen months old when his father was killed at the Battle of Flodden on 9th September 1513.
James was crowned at Stirling Castle on 21st September 1513, but during his childhood the country was ruled by regents. In 1517, James moved from Stirling to Holyrood in Edinburgh and in the autumn of 1524, at the age of 12, he dismissed his regents and was proclaimed an adult ruler by his mother. But in 1525 Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus, the young king's stepfather, took custody of James, exercising power on his behalf and it wasn't until 1528 that James finally assumed the reins of government himself.
The death of James' mother in 1541 removed any incentive for peace with England, and war soon broke out between the two countries. Initially, in August 1542, the Scots won a victory at the Battle of Haddon Rig. A conciliatory meeting between James V and Henry VIII in England was proposed, but not until after James' wife, Mary of Guise, had given birth to her child which was due a few months away. Henry would not accept this condition and mobilised his army against Scotland.
On 31st October 1542 James was with his army at Lauder but, although his plans were to invade England, he returned to Edinburgh, on the way writing a letter to his wife mentioning that he had had three days of illness. The next month James' army suffered a serious defeat at the Battle of Solway Moss and James fell ill shortly afterwards. Some accounts state this was brought on by the Scottish defeat, but other historians consider that it was probably just an ordinary fever. Whatever the cause of his illness, James was on his deathbed when his child, a girl, was born.
James died on the 14th of December at Falkland Palace and was succeeded by his infant daughter, Mary, Queen of Scots, who was just six days old. He was buried at Holyrood Abbey in January 1543 alongside his two sons and his first wife Madeleine. However his tomb was destroyed soon after, in 1544, by the English during the burning of Edinburgh.*Alex
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Caracalla, RIC 311d, Date 213-217 AD, Silver Antoninianus Rome, VENVS VICTRIX (with Helmet)
Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus Caracalla
Antoninianus of the Roman Imperial Period 213/217 AD
Material: Silver
Diameter: 23mm
Weight: 5.19g
Mint: Rome
Reference: RIC IV Caracalla 311d var. (Rare, with Helmet)
Provenance: Ex Dr. Gernot Heinrich Collection
This ist the RIC 311d Version with Helmet under the shield. An fantastic Antoninianus with many details on obverse and reverse, fantastic Caracalla bust and a clear reverse Venus. Rare RIC, and more Rare in this condition.
Obverse:
You can see the right-facing bust of Caracalla with a radiant crown. The inscription reads: ANTONINVS PIVS AVG GERM for Antoninus Pius Augustus Germanicus.
Reverse:
The goddess Venus can be seen standing to the left, leaning on a shield. In her left hand she holds a Victoriola, in her right hand a spear. Standing, she leans on her shield and helmet. The inscription reads: VENVS VICTRIX for Venus Victrix (the victorious Venus).
Comments:
In ancient Rome, Venus Victrix is the form of the goddess Venus as victor or „as the one who brings victory“. Especially Pompeius Magnus celebrated his military successes in their honor. This was probably inspired by the armed Aphrodite (nikephoros carrying victory) who protected the Acropolis in certain eastern regions of ancient Greece. In Rome, the victorious Venus was mainly in the third century BC increasingly invoked in the wars against Carthage. Iulius Caesar traced the descent of his family and thus his own from Venus (Venus Genitrix). Pompey, as his adversary, identified his glorious destiny with Venus Victrix in order to claim Venus‘ protection in the secret rivalry. After his victory in the war against Mithridates in 55 BC Pompeius celebrated his triumph „de orbi universo“ (over the whole world) and had a temple built for the victorious Venus, which unfortunately has not been preserved. The sanctuary of Venus Victrix stood on the Capitol, which was probably built during the war against the Samnites. Her feast days were August 12 and October 9, with an annual sacrifice being made on the latter date. At the same time, homage was also paid to Victoria, who closely connected the Romans with Venus Victrix.
Associating this type of coin directly with a specific historical event in the reign of Caracalla is difficult. This Antoninianus is between 213 and 217 AD dated. He could therefore retrospectively refer to the victories in the Germania campaign in 213 AD relate to the battles in Dacia against the Carps in 214 AD refer to or anticipate „the-victorious“ Venus Victrix to refer to the coming eastern campaign against the Parthians.paul1888
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Commodus. Æ Sestertius. Ex Kricheldorf.
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Reign: Emperor, A.D. 177-192.
Denomination: Æ Sestertius.
Diameter: 30 mm.
Weight: 20.43 grams.
Mint: Rome, A.D. 180.
Obverse: Laureate head right.
Reverse: Commodus seated left on platform, holding roll, attended by officer holding scepter; Liberalitas standing facing, holding tessera and cornucopia; citizen mounting steps of platform.
Reference: RIC 300; Ex Kricheldrof, Liste 3 (1955), lot 70; Ex MünzZentrum Köln, Auktion 64 (1988), lot 359.paul1888
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WESTERN ASIATIC CUNEIFORM TABLET, A LETTER FROM KARARIYA TO TARIDUM A SERVANT OF KING ILUNI
2ND MILLENNIUM B.C.
3 1/4 in. (110 grams, 82 mm).
A roughly rectangular clay tablet bearing dense rows of cuneiform text to both principal faces and to each of the four side edges; a letter from Karariya to Ṭaridum, probably a servant of Iluni, Karariya serves a foreign ruler (as indicated by the mention of the deity Hitti) who has just ascended the throne; he is of the same rank as Taridum, who considers him his brother: 'May Šamaš and Hitti preserve my brother alive forever!'; they deal with matters they have in common, a lawsuit to be tried by Karariya, and exchanges of goods between their two houses: 'There are no more wicks (?) for the lamps in my house (...). The wine from my stock is spent and we could not load the donkeys (with
wine) for you';Quant.Geek
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Roman provincial Gordian III AE24 Asklepius
Gordian III AE19 of Deultum, Thrace.,
Obv: Gordian III right, rev: Asklepios standing front, looking left, leaning on serpent-entwined staff.
23.5mm.,7.98g. paul1888
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Claudius I AE Sertersius - EX SC OB CIVES SERVATOS - Lyon mint.
31 mm / 21,30 gr.
Claudius, AE sestertius. Lyons mint. AD 46-47.
TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP, laureate head right / EX SC-OB-CIVES-SERVATOS legend in four lines within oak wreath.
RIC 96, Cohen 39, BMCRE 115; Sear 1848Antonivs Protti
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20mm, 7.87 g, 5h
Rider on horseback l., holding shield.
Rev. Phalanthos, holding torch, seated on dolphin l.; below, retrograde Σ / ΤΑΡΑΣ.
Vlasto 312. SNG ANS 874 (these dies). Fischer-Bossert 337f.
Rare. Struck on a very broad flan and with an attractive old cabinet tone.
Light graffito on reverse, otherwise good very fine.Leo
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ISLANDS off THRACE, Thasos. Circa 90-75 BC. AR Tetradrachm (31mm, 16.63 g, 12h). “Imitative” series. Head of young Dionysos right, wearing ivy wreath / Herakles standing facing, head left, holding club in right hand, lion skin draped over left arm; monogram to inner left. Prokopov, Silberprägung, Group XII, 633 (V AC1/R 518); Le Rider, Thasiennes 52; HGC 6, 359. Toned, light deposits. VF.
From the Don T. Hayes Collection.
CNG 546 lot 56.Britanikus
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MOESIA INFERIOR, Nicopolis ad Istrum. Septimius Severus. AD 193-211. Æ 17mm (3.40 g). Laureate head right / Serpent drinking from tripod. Mouchmov 998.paul1888
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