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Justinian I. AD 527-565. Rome
Denarius AE
8mm., 1,60g.
Justinian monogram / Diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right.
fine
DOC 372 (Uncertain mint; nummus); Morello 19/1 (Ravenna[?]; 2½ nummi); MIBE 94; SB 340 (Uncertain mint; nummus); BMC Vandals 140 (Vandalic).
Quant.Geek
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JUSTINIAN I, AR 250 Nummi, struck 540 - 542 at RavennaObverse: D N IVSTINIANVS P P AVG. Diademed bust of Justinian I, wearing imperial mantle, facing right.
Reverse: Large CN (= 250 Nummi) within wreath.
Diameter: 14mm | Weight: 1.07gms | Die Axis: 6
SBCV: 313 | DOC: 334a
RARE
The Ravenna mint was active from the conquest of the city by Belisarius in 540 until the fall of the Exarchate of Ravenna to the Lombards in 751.*Alex
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JUSTINIAN I, AR 120 Nummi, struck 552 - 565 at Rome or RavennaObverse: D N IVSTINIANVS P P AVG Diademed bust of Justinian I facing right, wearing robe ornamented with a row of pellets.
Reverse: Large P•K enclosed within wreath.
Diameter: 11mm | Weight: 0.67gms | Die Axis: 6
SBCV: 317 (Rome) | DOC: 336.3 (Ravenna) | MIB: 76 (Rome) | Ranieri: 355 (Ravenna)
Very Rare
In 552 the Byzantine general Narses crossed the Apennines with an army of around 25,000 men and marched on Rome only to find himself blocked by a Gothic force, under their king Totila, near Taginae in central Italy. However, Narses deployed his army in the form of a crescent in a narrow mountain valley with his dismounted cavalry mercenaries placed as a phalanx in the centre and his flanks protected by a mixed force of archers he had sent to seize the dominant heights. The Goths opened the battle with a determined cavalry charge but were halted by the enfilading fire from both sides and fell back in disarray on to the Byzantine infantry which had curved round behind them. The Byzantine cataphracts then swept into the confused Gothic mass and more than 6,000 Goths, including their leader Totila, were killed. The remnants of the Gothic army fled and Narses proceeded to Rome, capturing the city after a brief siege. The following year Narses ambushed a combined Gothic force under King Teia and his brother Aligern. The Gothic force was crushed in a hopeless last stand south of Naples, Teia was killed in the fighting and, though Aligern escaped the battle, he surrendered a few months later, so ending the Ostrogothic Kingdom in Italy after 60 years of rule.*Alex
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JUSTINIAN I, AE Decanummium (10 Nummi), struck 550/551 at AntiochObverse: D N IVSTINIANVS P P AVG. Helmeted and cuirassed facing bust of Justinian I, holding globus cruciger in his right hand and shield in his left; cross in right field.
Reverse: Large I surmounted by cross, A/N/N/O in field to left and regnal year X/X/IIII in field to right; in exergue, THU followed by • over Π with a slash through the last letter's right side.
Diameter: 24mm | Weight: 4.79gms | Die Axis: 6
SBCV: 237 | DOC: 255 Class D | MIB: 158
Regarding the mintmark in the exergue, the letter Π with a slash through its right side and tiny o or • above is an abbreviation for "polis". The slash is like the English apostrophe denoting omission of letters, as in the word "can't". Therefore, together with the letters T (Tau) and H (Eta), the mint-mark reads as an abbreviation of "Theoupolis"
550
In January of this year the Ostrogoths under king Totila recaptured Rome after a long siege by bribing the Isaurian garrison. Then, in the summer, the Goths, under Totila, plundered Sicily after they had subdued Corsica and Sardinia, whilst the Gothic fleet also raided the coasts of Greece.
551
In this year Justinian I appointed Narses new supreme commander, who then returned to Italy. In Salona on the Adriatic coast, Narses assembled a Byzantine expeditionary force of around 20,000 to 30,000 men and a contingent of foreign allies which included Lombards, Herulii and Bulgars
When Narses arrived in Venetia he discovered that a powerful Gothic-Frank army of around 50,000 men, under the joint command of the kings Totila and Theudebald, had blocked the principal route to the Po Valley. Not wishing to engage such a formidable force and confident that the Franks would avoid a direct confrontation, Narses skirted the lagoons along the Adriatic shore, using vessels to convey his army from point to point along the coast and thereby arrived at the capital, Ravenna, without encountering any opposition. He then attacked and crushed a small Gothic force at Ariminum, modern Rimini.
In the Autumn of this year the Byzantine fleet of 50 warships destroyed the Gothic naval force under Indulf near Sena Gallica, some 17 miles (27 km) north of Ancona. The Battle of Sena Gallica marked the end of Gothic supremacy in the Mediterranean Sea.*Alex
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195 - 211, SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS, AR Denarius, Struck 210 at Rome, alluding to BritanniaObverse: SEVERVS PIVS AVG BRIT. Laureate head of Septimius Severus facing right.
Reverse: VICTORIAE BRIT. Victory standing right, holding palm branch in her right hand and placing uninscribed shield on palm tree with her left.
Diameter: 20mm | Weight: 2.83gms | Die Axis: 7h
RIC IV: 336 | RSC: 730 | SRCV: 6384 | SPINK: 651A
SCARCE
This coin commemorates the success of the Roman campaigns in Scotland during 209 and 210 culminating in the death of Severus at York, England, in February 211.
SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS
Lucius Septimius Severus was Roman emperor from 193 to 211. He was born in Leptis Magna in the Roman province of Africa.
Severus seized power after the death of the emperor Pertinax in 193 (the Year of the Five Emperors).
After consolidating his rule over the western provinces, Severus waged a brief, successful war in the east against the Parthian Empire, sacked their capital Ctesiphon, expanded the eastern frontier to the Tigris and enlarged and fortified the Limes Arabicus in Arabia Petraea. In 202, he campaigned in Africa and Mauretania against the Garamantes, captured their capital Garama and expanded the Limes Tripolitanus along the southern desert frontier of the empire. In 198 he raised his elder son Caracalla to Augustus and in 209 did the same to his younger son, Geta.
In AD 209 Severus invaded Caledonia (modern Scotland) with an army of 50,000 men, but he fell fatally ill of an infectious disease in late 210 and died at Eboracum (York, England) early in 211.
SEVERUS' CAMPAIGNS IN BRITAIN
In 208 Septimius Severus travelled to Britain with the intention of conquering Caledonia (Scotland). Modern archaeological discoveries have helped to throw some light on the scope and direction of this northern campaign.
Severus began by occupying the territory up to the Antonine Wall, this is evidenced by extensive Severan era fortifications and the likely reoccupation of some of the forts on that wall. Over the previous years Hadrian's Wall had fallen into disrepair and Severus strengthened and repaired much of it, he did this to such an extent that many early Antiquarians thought that he was the emperor who had actually built it. Severus constructed a 165-acre (67 ha) camp south of the Antonine Wall at Trimontium, probably assembling the main body of his forces there. Severus then thrust north across the Antonine Wall into Caledonian territory, supported and supplied by a strong naval force. He retraced the steps of Agricola of over a century before, rebuilding many abandoned Roman forts along the east coast, and he re-garrisoned the naval base at Carpow, likely built by Commodus in 185, and possibly the place named as "Horrea Classis" or "Poreo Classis" in the Ravenna Cosmography.
By 210 Severus' campaigning had made significant gains, despite Caledonian guerrilla tactics and purportedly heavy Roman casualties.
According to Cassius Dio: “Severus did not desist until he approached the extremity of the island. Here he observed most accurately the variation of the sun's motion and the length of the days and the nights in summer and winter respectively. Having thus been conveyed through practically the whole of the hostile country (for he actually was conveyed in a covered litter most of the way, on account of his infirmity), he returned to the friendly portion, after he had forced the Britons to come to terms, on the condition that they should abandon a large part of their territory.”
The Caledonians had sued for peace, which Severus had granted on the condition that they relinquished control of the Central Lowlands of Scotland, but later that year (210), they, along with the Maeatae, revolted. Severus prepared for another campaign, now intent on exterminating the Caledonians. However the campaign was cut short when Severus fell ill and withdrew south to Eboracum (York) where he died on 4 February 211. Severus was succeeded by his sons, Caracalla and Geta. Caracalla continued campaigning in Caledonia during 212 but soon settled for peace, and shortly after that the frontier was withdrawn south to Hadrian's Wall.
On his death, Severus was deified by the Senate and his remains were buried in the Mausoleum of Hadrian in Rome.
CLICK ON IMAGES BELOW TO ENLARGE THEM
 
*Alex
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195 - 211, SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS, AR Denarius, Struck 210 at Rome, alluding to BritanniaObverse: SEVERVS PIVS AVG BRIT. Laureate head of Septimius Severus facing right.
Reverse: VICTORIAE BRIT. Victory seated on shield facing left, holding another shield resting on her knee in her right hand and palm branch in her left.
Diameter: 19mm | Weight: 2.35gms | Die Axis: 12h
RIC IV: 335 | RSC: 731 | SRCV: 6385 | SPINK: 651C
SCARCE
This coin commemorates the success of the Roman campaigns in Scotland during 209 and 210 culminating in the death of Severus at York, England, in February 211.
SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS
Lucius Septimius Severus was Roman emperor from 193 to 211. He was born in Leptis Magna in the Roman province of Africa.
Severus seized power after the death of the emperor Pertinax in 193 (the Year of the Five Emperors).
After consolidating his rule over the western provinces, Severus waged a brief, successful war in the east against the Parthian Empire, sacked their capital Ctesiphon, expanded the eastern frontier to the Tigris and enlarged and fortified the Limes Arabicus in Arabia Petraea. In 202, he campaigned in Africa and Mauretania against the Garamantes, captured their capital Garama and expanded the Limes Tripolitanus along the southern desert frontier of the empire. In 198 he raised his elder son Caracalla to Augustus and in 209 did the same to his younger son, Geta.
In AD 209 Severus invaded Caledonia (modern Scotland) with an army of 50,000 men, but he fell fatally ill of an infectious disease in late 210 and died at Eboracum (York, England) early in 211.
SEVERUS' CAMPAIGNS IN BRITAIN
In 208 Septimius Severus travelled to Britain with the intention of conquering Caledonia (Scotland). Modern archaeological discoveries have helped to throw some light on the scope and direction of this northern campaign.
Severus began by occupying the territory up to the Antonine Wall, this is evidenced by extensive Severan era fortifications and the likely reoccupation of some of the forts on that wall. Over the previous years Hadrian's Wall had fallen into disrepair and Severus strengthened and repaired much of it, he did this to such an extent that many early Antiquarians thought that he was the emperor who had actually built it. Severus constructed a 165-acre (67 ha) camp south of the Antonine Wall at Trimontium, probably assembling the main body of his forces there. Severus then thrust north across the Antonine Wall into Caledonian territory, supported and supplied by a strong naval force. He retraced the steps of Agricola of over a century before, rebuilding many abandoned Roman forts along the east coast, and he re-garrisoned the naval base at Carpow, likely built by Commodus in 185, and possibly the place named as "Horrea Classis" or "Poreo Classis" in the Ravenna Cosmography.
By 210 Severus' campaigning had made significant gains, despite Caledonian guerrilla tactics and purportedly heavy Roman casualties.
According to Cassius Dio: “Severus did not desist until he approached the extremity of the island. Here he observed most accurately the variation of the sun's motion and the length of the days and the nights in summer and winter respectively. Having thus been conveyed through practically the whole of the hostile country (for he actually was conveyed in a covered litter most of the way, on account of his infirmity), he returned to the friendly portion, after he had forced the Britons to come to terms, on the condition that they should abandon a large part of their territory.”
The Caledonians had sued for peace, which Severus had granted on the condition that they relinquished control of the Central Lowlands of Scotland, but later that year (210), they, along with the Maeatae, revolted. Severus prepared for another campaign, now intent on exterminating the Caledonians. However the campaign was cut short when Severus fell ill and withdrew south to Eboracum (York) where he died on 4 February 211. Severus was succeeded by his sons, Caracalla and Geta. Caracalla continued campaigning in Caledonia during 212 but soon settled for peace, and shortly after that the frontier was withdrawn south to Hadrian's Wall.
On his death, Severus was deified by the Senate and his remains were buried in the Mausoleum of Hadrian in Rome.
CLICK ON IMAGES BELOW TO ENLARGE THEM
*Alex
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195 - 211, SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS, AR Denarius, Struck 210 at Rome, alluding to BritanniaObverse: SEVERVS PIVS AVG BRIT. Laureate head of Septimius Severus facing right.
Reverse: VICTORIAE BRIT. Victory advancing right, holding wreath in her outstretched right hand and palm branch in her left.
Diameter: 19mm | Weight: 3.5gms | Die Axis: 6h
RIC IV: 332 | RSC: 727 | SRCV: 6382 | SPINK: 650
SCARCE
This coin commemorates the success of the Roman campaigns in Scotland during 209 and 210 culminating in the death of Severus at York, England, in February 211.
SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS
Lucius Septimius Severus was Roman emperor from 193 to 211. He was born in Leptis Magna in the Roman province of Africa.
Severus seized power after the death of the emperor Pertinax in 193 (the Year of the Five Emperors).
After consolidating his rule over the western provinces, Severus waged a brief, successful war in the east against the Parthian Empire, sacked their capital Ctesiphon, expanded the eastern frontier to the Tigris and enlarged and fortified the Limes Arabicus in Arabia Petraea. In 202, he campaigned in Africa and Mauretania against the Garamantes, captured their capital Garama and expanded the Limes Tripolitanus along the southern desert frontier of the empire. In 198 he raised his elder son Caracalla to Augustus and in 209 did the same to his younger son, Geta.
In AD 209 Severus invaded Caledonia (modern Scotland) with an army of 50,000 men, but he fell fatally ill of an infectious disease in late 210 and died at Eboracum (York, England) early in 211.
SEVERUS' CAMPAIGNS IN BRITAIN
In 208 Septimius Severus travelled to Britain with the intention of conquering Caledonia (Scotland). Modern archaeological discoveries have helped to throw some light on the scope and direction of this northern campaign.
Severus began by occupying the territory up to the Antonine Wall, this is evidenced by extensive Severan era fortifications and the likely reoccupation of some of the forts on that wall. Over the previous years Hadrian's Wall had fallen into disrepair and Severus strengthened and repaired much of it, he did this to such an extent that many early Antiquarians thought that he was the emperor who had actually built it. Severus constructed a 165-acre (67 ha) camp south of the Antonine Wall at Trimontium, probably assembling the main body of his forces there. Severus then thrust north across the Antonine Wall into Caledonian territory, supported and supplied by a strong naval force. He retraced the steps of Agricola of over a century before, rebuilding many abandoned Roman forts along the east coast, and he re-garrisoned the naval base at Carpow, likely built by Commodus in 185, and possibly the place named as "Horrea Classis" or "Poreo Classis" in the Ravenna Cosmography.
By 210 Severus' campaigning had made significant gains, despite Caledonian guerrilla tactics and purportedly heavy Roman casualties.
According to Cassius Dio: “Severus did not desist until he approached the extremity of the island. Here he observed most accurately the variation of the sun's motion and the length of the days and the nights in summer and winter respectively. Having thus been conveyed through practically the whole of the hostile country (for he actually was conveyed in a covered litter most of the way, on account of his infirmity), he returned to the friendly portion, after he had forced the Britons to come to terms, on the condition that they should abandon a large part of their territory.”
The Caledonians had sued for peace, which Severus had granted on the condition that they relinquished control of the Central Lowlands of Scotland, but later that year (210), they, along with the Maeatae, revolted. Severus prepared for another campaign, now intent on exterminating the Caledonians. However the campaign was cut short when Severus fell ill and withdrew south to Eboracum (York) where he died on 4 February 211. Severus was succeeded by his sons, Caracalla and Geta. Caracalla continued campaigning in Caledonia during 212 but soon settled for peace, and shortly after that the frontier was withdrawn south to Hadrian's Wall.
On his death, Severus was deified by the Senate and his remains were buried in the Mausoleum of Hadrian in Rome.
CLICK ON IMAGES BELOW TO ENLARGE THEM
*Alex
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305 - 306, SEVERUS II as Caesar, AE Follis struck 305 - 306 at Londinium (London), EnglandObverse: SEVERVS NOBILISSIMVS CAES. Laureate and cuirassed bust of Severus II facing right.
Reverse: GENIO POPVLI ROMANI. Genius, kalathos on head, standing facing left, holding patera in right hand and cornucopia in left; no mint-mark in exergue.
Diameter: 29mm | Weight: 10.399gms | Die Axis: 6h
RIC VI: 59a | Cohen VII: 24 | SPINK: 712
Rare
Ex. Errett Bishop Collection | Ex. FORVM (USA)
SEVERUS II
Flavius Valerius Severus Augustus was a Western Roman Emperor from 306 to 307. He was born in Northern Illyria (now Albania) and rose to become a senior officer in the Roman army. As an old friend of Galerius, that emperor appointed Severus as Caesar on 1 May 305 and he thus served as junior emperor under Constantius I in the Western Roman Empire.
When Constantius I died in the summer of 306, Severus was promoted to Augustus by Galerius under the rules of succession established under the Tetrarchy. However Constantius I had died on campaign in York and his army in Britain had acclaimed his son, Constantine I, as his successor. Although furious at this elevation, Galerius wanted to avoid any threat of a civil war so he compromised by allowing Constantine to bear the title of Caesar.
When this news reached Maxentius, the son of Maximianus, he revolted and declared himself emperor at Rome,
Galerius sent Severus, at the head of an army which had previously been commanded by Maximianus, to suppress the rebellion. Maxentius asked his father to re-assume the purple and rule the empire with him and Maximianus, who had been reluctant to abdicate, readily accepted. When Severus arrived under the walls of Rome to besiege it his men deserted to their old commander forcing Severus to flee to Ravenna. Maximianus offered to spare his life and treat him humanely if he surrendered peaceably. Severus complied but, despite Maximianus' assurance, he was displayed as a captive, imprisoned and later put to death.
*Alex
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4. Athalaric, in name of JustinianATHALARIC
Ostrogoth King of Rome, in name of Justinian
AE 4, Ravenna mint
O: IVSTI..., diademed and cuirassed bust of Justinian I right
R: Monogram of Athalaric in wreath
BMC Ostrogoths p. 67, 52
Sosius
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03-27 - Justiniano I (01/08/527 - 14/11/565 D.C.) AE Decanummium (10 nummi) 15 mm 3.7 gr.
Anv: "D.N. IVSTINIANVS PP.AVG." - Busto con yelmo y coraza, portando "Sphaira" ó "globus cruciger" u "Ordis" (Globo coronado por una cruz) en mano derecha y escudo en izquierda, viendo al frente. A su Izquierda " + ".
Rev: Gran " I ", " A/N/N/O " a izquierda y " XX/XV/II " (Año de reinado) a derecha. " CON " en exergo.
Acuñada Año=37, 563/4 D.C.
Ceca: Ravenna
Referencias: Sear BCTV #326 Pag. 85 - Bellinger D.O. Vol.I #347/55 - B.M.C. #404/9 - Tolstoi M.B. #450/2 - Morrisson C.M.b.B.N. #2/7 - Hahn M.I.B. #229mdelvalle
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082a. Severus IIArmy officer from Illyria. Named Caesar by Galerius in 305. When Constantius died in 306, elevated to co-Augustus. Severus invaded Italy in 307 to quash the revolt of Maxentius. His troops deserted him, and he fled to Ravenna. Severus surrendered and was imprisoned. He later either was executed or committed suicide.lawrence c
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0aa Caius MariusC. Fundanius, moneyer
101-91 BC
Denarius
Helmeted head of Roma right, control-mark C behind
"Triumphator" (Marius) in quadriga right, holding laurel-branch and staff; a rider sits on near horse, holding laurel-branch, Q above, C FVNDAN in exergue
The reverse shows Marius as triumphator in the quadriga. He holds sceptre and laurel branch. On one of the horses rides his son. The children of the triumphator were - according to tradition - allowed to share the triumph of their father. The Q above refers to the office as quaestor the mintmaster held while minting these coins. FORVM Ancient Coins says of a similar piece, "The reverse refers to Marius triumph after victories over the Cimbri and Teutones. The rider on the near horse is Marius's son, at that time eight years old." Andrew McCabe comments, "The Triumphator on the Fundania denarius is usually taken to be Marius, with his young son on horseback. This would make it the first Roman coin to explicitly portray a living Roman politician. "
Seaby Fundania 1
Marius rose from common origins to become the First Man in Rome. Plutarch in his Life writes: There is a likeness of Marius in stone at Ravenna, in Gaul, which I myself saw quite corresponding with that roughness of character that is ascribed to him. Being naturally valiant and warlike, and more acquainted also with the discipline of the camp than of the city, he could not moderate his passion when in authority. . . . He was born of parents altogether obscure and indigent, who supported themselves by their daily labour; his father of the same name with himself, his mother called Fulcinia. He had spent a considerable part of his life before he saw and tasted the pleasures of the city; having passed previously in Cirrhaeaton, a village of the territory of Arpinum, a life, compared with city delicacies, rude and unrefined, yet temperate, and conformable to the ancient Roman severity. He first served as a soldier in the war against the Celtiberians, when Scipio Africanus besieged Numantia; where he signalized himself to his general by courage far above his comrades, and particularly by his cheerfully complying with Scipio's reformation of his army, being almost ruined by pleasures and luxury. It is stated, too, that he encountered and vanquished an enemy in single combat, in his general's sight. In consequence of all this he had several honours conferred upon him; and once when at an entertainment a question arose about commanders, and one of the company (whether really desirous to know, or only in complaisance) asked Scipio where the Romans, after him, should obtain such another general, Scipio, gently clapping Marius on the shoulder as he sat next him, replied, "Here, perhaps. . . ."
The consul Caecilius Metellus, being declared general in the war against Jugurtha in Africa took with him Marius for lieutenant; where, eager himself to do great deeds and services that would get him distinction, he did not, like others, consult Metellus's glory and the serving his interest, and attributing his honour of lieutenancy not to Metellus, but to fortune, which had presented him with a proper opportunity and theatre of great actions, he exerted his utmost courage. . . . Marius thus employed, and thus winning the affections of the soldiers, before long filled both Africa and Rome with his fame, and some, too, wrote home from the army that the war with Africa would never be brought to a conclusion unless they chose Caius Marius consul. . . .He was elected triumphantly, and at once proceeded to levy soldiers contrary both to law and custom, enlisting slaves and poor people; whereas former commanders never accepted of such, but bestowed arms, like other favours, as a matter of distinction, on persons who had the proper qualification, a man's property being thus a sort of security for his good behavior. . . .
[In Marius' fourth consulship,] The enemy dividing themselves into two parts, the Cimbri arranged to go against Catulus higher up through the country of the Norici, and to force that passage; the Teutones and Ambrones to march against Marius by the seaside through Liguria. . . . The Romans, pursuing them, slew and took prisoners above one hundred thousand, and possessing themselves of their spoil, tents, and carriages, voted all that was not purloined to Marius's share, which, though so magnificent a present, yet was generally thought less than his conduct deserved in so great a danger. . . . After the battle, Marius chose out from amongst the barbarians' spoils and arms those that were whole and handsome, and that would make the greatest show in his triumph; the rest he heaped upon a large pile, and offered a very splendid sacrifice. Whilst the army stood round about with their arms and garlands, himself attired (as the fashion is on such occasions) in the purple-bordered robe, and taking a lighted torch, and with both hands lifting it up towards heaven, he was then going to put it to the pile, when some friends were espied with all haste coming towards him on horseback. Upon which every one remained in silence and expectation. They, upon their coming up, leapt off and saluted Marius, bringing him the news of his fifth consulship, and delivered him letters to that effect. This gave the addition of no small joy to the solemnity; and while the soldiers clashed their arms and shouted, the officers again crowned Marius with a laurel wreath, and he thus set fire to the pile, and finished his sacrifice. Blindado
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108a. HonoriusWestern Augustus January 393-August 423.
Younger brother of Arcadius. Took control of West in 395 at age 10. Capital at Milan, then Ravenna. Under thumb of Vandal Magister Militum Stilicho. Rome sacked in 410. Died in 423, leaving no heir.lawrence c
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1dt Maximianus286-305, 306-308, 310
Quarter Follis
Laureate head, right, IMP C M A MAXIMIANVS P F AVG
Genius standing left, with modius on head, cornucopia & patera, GENIO POPVLI ROMANI, SIS in exergue
RIC 146
Eutropius records: [Diocletian] thus became master of the Roman empire; and when the peasants in Gaul made an insurrection, giving their faction the name of Bagaudae, and having for leaders Amandus and Aelianus, he despatched Maximian Herculius, with the authority of Caesar, to suppress them. Maximian, in a few battles of little importance, subdued the rustic multitude, and restored peace to Gaul. . . . While disorder thus prevailed throughout the world, while Carausius was taking arms in Britain and Achilleus in Egypt, while the Quinquegentiani were harassing Africa, and Narseus was making war upon the east, Diocletian promoted MAXIMIAN HERCULIUS from the dignity of Caesar to that "of emperor, and created Constantius and Maximian Galerius Caesars. . . .
Maximian the emperor, brought the war to an end in Africa, by subduing the Quinquegentiani, and compelling them to make peace. . . .
Herculius was undisguisedly cruel, and of a violent temper, and showed his severity of disposition in the sternness of his looks. Gratifying his own inclination, he joined with Diocletian in even the most cruel of his proceedings. But when Diocletian, as age bore heavily upon him, felt himself unable to sustain the government of the empire, he suggested to Herculius that they should both retire into private life, and commit the duty of upholding the state to more vigorous and youthful hands. With this suggestion his colleague reluctantly complied. Both of them, in the same day, exchanged the robe of empire for an ordinary dress, Diocletian at Nicomedia, Herculius at Milan, soon after a magnificent triumph which they celebrated at Rome over several nations, with a noble succession of pictures, and in which the wives, sisters, and children of Narseus were led before their chariots. The one then retired to Salonae, and the other into Lucania.
But after the death of Constantius, CONSTANTINE, his son by a wife of obscure birth, was made emperor in Britain, and succeeded his father as a most desirable ruler. In the meantime the praetorian guards at Rome, having risen in insurrection, declared MAXENTIUS, the son of Maximian Herculius, who lived in the Villa Publica not far from the city, emperor. At the news of this proceeding, Maximian, filled with hopes of regaining the imperial dignity, which he had not willingly resigned, hurried to Rome from Lucania. . . , and stimulated Diocletian by letters to resume the authority that he had laid down, letters which Diocletian utterly disregarded. Severus Caesar, being despatched to Rome by Galerius to suppress the rising of the guards and Maxentius, arrived there with his army, but, as he was laying siege to the city, was deserted through the treachery of his soldiers.
The power of Maxentius was thus increased, and his government established. Severus, taking to flight, was killed at Ravenna. Maximian Herculius, attempting afterwards, in an assembly of the army, to divest his son Maxentius of his power, met with nothing but mutiny and reproaches from the soldiery. He then set out for Gaul, on a planned stratagem, as if he had been driven away by his son, that he might join his son-in-law Constantine, designing, however, if he could find an opportunity, to cut off Constantine, who was ruling in Gaul with great approbation both of the soldiers and the people of the province, having overthrown the Franks and Alemanni with great slaughter, and captured their kings, whom, on exhibiting a magnificent show of games, he exposed to wild beasts. But the plot being made known by Maximian's daughter Fausta, who communicated the design to her husband, Maximian was cut off at Marseilles, whence he was preparing to sail to join his son, and died a well-deserved death. . . .Blindado
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1dx Severus II306-307
Quarter Follis
Laureate head, right, FL VAL SEVERVS NOB C
Genius standing left, modius on head, naked except for chlamys over left shoulder, holding patera and cornucopiae. Mintmark SIS, GENIO POPVLI ROMANI.
RIC 170a
According to Eutropius: Galerius, a man of excellent moral character, and skilful in military affairs, finding that Italy, by Constantius's permission, was put under his government, created two Caesars, MAXIMIN, whom he appointed over the east, and SEVERUS, to whom he committed Italy. He himself resided in Illyricum. But after the death of Constantius, CONSTANTINE, his son by a wife of obscure birth, was made emperor in Britain, and succeeded his father as a most desirable ruler. In the meantime the praetorian guards at Rome, having risen in insurrection, declared MAXENTIUS, the son of Maximian Herculius, who lived in the Villa Publica not far from the city, emperor. . . . Severus Caesar, being despatched to Rome by Galerius to suppress the rising of the guards and Maxentius, arrived there with his army, but, as he was laying siege to the city, was deserted through the treachery of his soldiers. . . .
The power of Maxentius was thus increased, and his government established. Severus, taking to flight, was killed at Ravenna. Blindado
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1dz Maxentius306-312
Follis
Laureate head, right, MAXENTIVS P F AVG
Roma in temple, CONSERVATORES VRB SVAE
RIC 194a
Eutropius reports: But after the death of Constantius, CONSTANTINE, his son by a wife of obscure birth, was made emperor in Britain, and succeeded his father as a most desirable ruler. In the meantime the praetorian guards at Rome, having risen in insurrection, declared MAXENTIUS, the son of Maximian Herculius, who lived in the Villa Publica not far from the city, emperor. At the news of this proceeding, Maximian, filled with hopes of regaining the imperial dignity, which he had not willingly resigned, hurried to Rome from Lucania. . . , and stimulated Diocletian by letters to resume the authority that he had laid down, letters which Diocletian utterly disregarded. Severus Caesar, being despatched to Rome by Galerius to suppress the rising of the guards and Maxentius, arrived there with his army, but, as he was laying siege to the city, was deserted through the treachery of his soldiers.
The power of Maxentius was thus increased, and his government established. Severus, taking to flight, was killed at Ravenna. Maximian Herculius, attempting afterwards, in an assembly of the army, to divest his son Maxentius of his power, met with nothing but mutiny and reproaches from the soldiery. . . .
At this time LICINIUS, a native of Dacia, was made emperor by Galerius, to whom he was known by old companionship, and recommended by his vigorous efforts and services in the war which he had conducted against Narseus. The death of Galerius followed immediately afterwards. The empire was then held by the four new emperors, Constantine and Maxentius, sons of emperors, Licinius and Maximian, sons of undistinguished men. Constantine, however, in the fifth year of his reign, commenced a civil war with Maxentius, routed his forces in several battles, and at last overthrew Maxentius himself (when he was spreading death among the nobility by every possible kind of cruelty,) at the Milvian bridge, and made himself master of Italy. Blindado
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1ey Arcadius383-408
AE4
Pearl-diademed, draped & cuirassed bust right, D N ARCADIVS P F AVG
Emperor advancing right, seizing bound captive by the hair & carrying labarum, BSISC in ex., GLORIA ROMANORVM
RIC 38c2
Zosimus recorded, [Theodosius] proceeded with his army to the war [against Eugenius], leaving behind him his son Arcadius, who had some time previously been made emperor. . . .
THE whole empire being vested in Arcadius and Honorius, they indeed appeared by their title to possess the sovereign authority, although the universal administration of affairs was under Rufinus in the east, and under Stilico in the west. By these all causes were determined, at their own pleasure; for whoever bribed plentifully, or by any other means of friendship or consanguinity could make the judge his advocate, was sure to succeed in the process. From hence it happened that most of those great estates, which cause the possessors to be generally esteemed fortunate, devolved to these two; since some endeavoured by gifts to avoid false accusations, and others relinquished all their possessions to obtain an office, or in any other manner to purchase the ruin of particular cities. While iniquity of every kind presided, therefore, in the respective cities, the money from all quarters flowed into the coffers of Rufinus and Stilico ; while on the reverse, poverty preyed on the habitations of those who had formerly been rich. Nor were the emperors acquainted with anything that was done, but thought all that Rufinus and Stilico commanded was done by virtue of some unwritten law. After they had amassed immense wealth, Rufinus began to concert the means of becoming emperor, by making his own daughter, who was now marriageable. . . . [A different cabal persuaded Arcadius to marry a different girl.]. . . .
Before this juncture a report had been circulated at Rome, that the emperor Arcadius was dead, which was confirmed after the departure of Arcadius for Ravenna. Stilico being at Ravenna while the emperor was at a city of Aemilia, called Bononia, about seventy miles distant, the emperor sent for him to chastise the soldiers, who mutinied amongst each other by the way. Stilico, therefore, having collected the mutinous troops together, informed them that the emperor had commanded him to correct them for their disobedience, and to punish them by a decimation, or putting to death every tenth man. At this they were in such consternation, that they burst into tears, and desiring him to have compassion on them, prevailed on him to promise them a pardon from the emperor. The emperor having performed what Stilico had promised, they applied themselves to public business. For Stilico was desirous of proceeding to the east to undertake the management of the affairs of Theodosius, the son of Arcadius, who was very young, and in want of a guardian. Honorius himself was also inclined to undertake the same journey, with a design to secure the dominions of that emperor. But Stilico, being displeased at that, and laying before the emperor a calculation of the immense sum of money it would require to defray the expence of such an expedition, deterred him from the enterprise.Blindado
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1fa Honorius393-423
AE3
RIC 403
Pearl diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right, DN HONORIVS PF AVG
Two emperors standing facing, heads turned to one another, each holding spear and resting hand on shield, GLORIA ROMANORVM. Mintmark SMKA.
Zosimus wrote: [Theodosius] proceeded with his army to the war [against Eugenius], leaving behind him his son Arcadius, who had some time previously been made emperor. . . . Having done this, he took with him his younger son Honorius, quickly passed through the intermediate countries, and having exceded his expectations in crossing the Alps, arrived where the enemy was stationed. . . . The emperor Theodosius after these successes proceeded to Rome, where he declared his son Honorius emperor, and appointing Stilico to the command of his forces there, left him as guardian to his son. . . . The emperor Theodosius, having consigned Italy, Spain, Celtica, and Libya to his son Honorius, died of a disease on his journey towards Constantinople. . . .
THE whole empire being vested in Arcadius and Honorius, they indeed appeared by their title to possess the sovereign authority, although the universal administration of affairs was under Rufinus in the east, and under Stilico in the west. By these all causes were determined, at their own pleasure; for whoever bribed plentifully, or by any other means of friendship or consanguinity could make the judge his advocate, was sure to succeed in the process. From hence it happened that most of those great estates, which cause the possessors to be generally esteemed fortunate, devolved to these two; since some endeavoured by gifts to avoid false accusations, and others relinquished all their possessions to obtain an office, or in any other manner to purchase the ruin of particular cities. While iniquity of every kind presided, therefore, in the respective cities, the money from all quarters flowed into the coffers of Rufinus and Stilico ; while on the reverse, poverty preyed on the habitations of those who had formerly been rich. Nor were the emperors acquainted with anything that was done, but thought all that Rufinus and Stilico commanded was done by virtue of some unwritten law. . . .
After the autumn was terminated, and winter had commenced, Bassus and Philippus being chosen consuls, the emperor Honorius, who had long before lost his wife Maria, desired to marry her sister Thermantia. But Stilico appeared not to approve of the match, although it was promoted by Serena, who wished it to take place from these motives. When Maria was about to be married to Honorius, her mother, deeming her too young for the marriage-state and being unwilling to defer the marriage, although she thought that to submit so young and tender a person to the embraces of a man was offering violence to nature, she had recourse to a woman who knew how to manage such affairs, and by her means contrived that Maria should live with the emperor and share his bed, but that he should not have the power to deprive her of virginity. In the meantime Maria died a virgin, and Serena, who, as may readily be supposed, was desirous to become the grandmother of a young emperor or empress, through fear of her influence being diminished, used all her endeavours to marry her other daughter to Honorius. This being accomplished, the young lady shortly afterwards died in the same manner as the former. . . . .
For Stilico was desirous of proceeding to the east to undertake the management of the affairs of Theodosius, the son of Arcadius, who was very young, and in want of a guardian. Honorius himself was also inclined to undertake the same journey, with a design to secure the dominions of that emperor. But Stilico, being displeased at that, and laying before the emperor a calculation of the immense sum of money it would require to defray the expence of such an expedition, deterred him from the enterprise. . . .
In the mean time, the emperor Honorius commanded his wife Thermantia to be taken from the imperial throne, and to be restored to her mother, who notwithstanding was without suspicion. . . . Alaric began his expedition against Rome, and ridiculed the preparations made by Honorius. . . . The emperor Honorius was now entering on the consulship, having enjoyed that honour eight times, and the emperor Theodosius in the east three times. At this juncture the rebel Constantine sent some eunches to Honorius, to intreat pardon from him for having accepted of the empire. When the emperor heard this petition, perceiving that it was not easy for him, since Alaric and his barbarians were so near, to prepare for other wars ; and consulting the safety of his relations who were in the hands of the rebel, whose names were Verenianus and Didymius; he not only granted his request, but likewise sent him an imperial robe. . . .
Note: No ancient source reports the sack of Rome by the Goths in 410, they having besieged the city three times, all while Honorius huddled in a besieged Ravenna. Honorius retained his nominal capacity until he died in 423.Blindado
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407. Severus IIFlavius Valerius Severus was of humble origin and from Illyricum. Early in his career he had held a military command. When Diocletian, at Nicomedeia, and Maximianus Herculius, at Mediolanum, divested themselves of the purple (Milan) on 1 May 305, they appointed Constantius I and Galerius as Augusti in their place, with Severus and Maximinus Daia as the new Caesars. Both Caesars were Galerius' creatures and received their appointment at his hands. Constantius I and Severus ruled the west, while Galerius and Daia controlled the east.
When Galerius learned of the death of Constantius I in August 306 and the acclamation of Constantine to the purple, he raised Severus to the rank of Augustus to replace the dead Augustus. Matters went from bad to worse for Galerius when Maxentius, the son of Maximianus Herculius, was proclaimed emperor at Rome on 28 October 306. Galerius was disturbed when he heard the news of Maxentius' revolt because the usurper seized Rome, then part of Severus' realm. Galerius sent Severus from Mediolanum (Milan) to fight the enemy. Severus took a large field army which had formerly been that of Maximianus and proceeded toward Rome.
When Maxentius learned about the advance of Severus, he sent his own father the purple and offered to make him Augustus again to win Severus' army to his side; Maximianus accepted his offer. Meanwhile, Severus and his army reached Rome and began to besiege the city; Maxentius, however, bribed Severus' soldiers and, at a set signal, the Augustus' forces joined the usurper. Severus fled ro Ravenna with a few remaining soldiers. Maximianus went to Ravenna and, with false promises of safety, convinced Severus to surrender. He took this action because he realized that Severus' position was impregnable. Under house arrest Severus was brought to Rome and imprisoned at Tres Tabernae. Severus was put to death in 307 under clouded circumstances, when Galerius invaded Italy
Severus II AD 305-306 AE Follis "Genius Serdica" "The genius of the people of Rome." Obv: FL VAL SEVERVS NOB C - Laureate head right Rev: GENIO POPVLI ROMANI - Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopia. Exe: SIS Siscia mint: AD 305-306 = RIC VI, p. 475, 170a Rare (r) ecoli
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516. HonoriusFlavius Honorius (September 9, 384–August 15, 423) was Emperor of the Western Roman Empire from 395 until his death. He was the younger son of Theodosius I and his first wife Aelia Flaccilla, and brother of the Eastern emperor Arcadius.
Honorius was declared Augustus in 393 by his father and became western emperor at the age of 10, following his father's death in January 395. For the first part of his reign he depended on the military leadership of the Vandal general Stilicho. To strengthen his bonds to the young emperor, Stilicho married his daughter Maria to him.
At first Honorius based his capital in Milan, but when the Visigoths entered Italy in 402 he moved his capital to the coastal city of Ravenna, which was protected by a ring of marshes and strong fortifications. While the new capital was easier to defend, it was poorly situated to allow Roman forces to protect central Italy from the barbarian incursions.
The most notable event of his reign was the assault and sack of Rome on August 24, 410 by the Visigoths under Alaric.
The city had been under Visigothic siege since shortly after Stilicho's deposition and execution in the summer of 408. Lacking a strong general to control the by-now mostly barbarian Roman Army, Honorius could do little to attack Alaric's forces directly, and apparently adopted the only strategy he could do in the situation: wait passively to Visigoths to grow weary and spend the time marshalling what forces he could. Unfortunately, this course of action appeared to be the product of Honorius' indecisive character and he suffered much criticism for it both from contemporaries and later historians.
Whether this plan could have worked is perhaps debatable, especially since he deprived himself of several skillful officers by only promoting Catholics to the top military positions. In any case it was overtaken by events. Stricken by starvation, somebody opened Rome's defenses to Alaric and the Goths poured in. The city had not been under the control of a foreign force since an invasion of Gallic Celts some seven centuries before. The victorious Visigoths did untold damage to the city and the shock of this event reverberated from Britain to Jerusalem, and inspired Augustine to write his magnum opus, The City of God.
The year 410 also saw Honorius reply to a British plea for assistance against local barbarian incursions. Preoccupied with the Visigoths and lacking any real capabilities to assist the distant province, Honorius told the Britons to defend themselves as best they could.
There is a story (which Gibbon disbelieved) that when he heard the news that Rome had "perished", Honorius was initially shocked; thinking the news was in reference to a favorite chicken he had named "Roma", he recalled in disbelief that the bird was just recently feeding out of his hand. It was then explained to him that the Rome in question was the city.
His reign of twenty-eight years was one of the most disastrous in the Roman annals. Honorius' supposed weakness and timidity in the face of internal dissension and the attacks of the Visigoths and Vandals is often said to have contributed to the rapid disintegration of the western half of the empire.
RIC X Antioch 153
ecoli
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516a JohannesAfter the death of Honorius on August 15, 423, his closest male relative was Valentinian, son of Galla Placidia. Valentinian was currently at Constantinople. This power vacuum allowed Ioannes, the primicerius notariorum (chief notary) to seize power in the west. Virtually nothing is known of Ioannes himself, though he was said to have had a mild character. He was supported by the magister militum Castinus and by Aetius, son of the magister militum Gaudentius. After his acclamation at Rome, Ioannes transferred his capital to Ravenna. Ioannes' rule was accepted in Gaul, Spain and Italy, but not in Africa. Ioannes' attempts to negotiate with the eastern emperor Theodosius II were unsuccessful. He seems not to have had a firm grasp of power and this encouraged eastern intervention. In 425, Theodosius II sent an expedition under the command of Ardabur the Elder to install Valentinian as emperor in the west. Ardabur was captured, but treated well, as Ioannes still hoped to be able to negotiate with Theodosius. Ardabur, however, persuaded some of Ioannes' officials to betray him. After his capture, Ioannes was taken to Aquileia where he was mutilated, then executed. Three days after Ioannes's execution, one of his generals, Aetius, arrived in Italy with a large force of Huns. Rather than continue the war, Valentinian bought off the Huns with gold and Aetius with the office of comes.
ecoli
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602a. Valentinian IIIIn the early years of his reign, Valentinian was overshadowed by his mother. After his marriage in 437, moreover, much of the real authority lay in the hands of the Patrician and Master of Soldiers Aetius. Nor does Valentinian seem to have had much of an aptitude for rule. He is described as spoiled, pleasure-loving, and influenced by sorcerers and astrologers. He divided his time primarily between Rome and Ravenna. Like his mother, Valentinian was devoted to religion. He contributed to churches of St. Laurence in both Rome and Ravenna. He also oversaw the accumulation of ecclesiastical authority in the hands of the bishop of Rome as he granted ever greater authority and prestige to pope Leo the Great (440-461) in particular.
Valentinian's reign saw the continued dissolution of the western empire. By 439, nearly all of North Africa was effectively lost to the Vandals; Valentinian did attempt to neutralize that threat by betrothing his sister Placidia to the Vandal prince Huneric. In Spain, the Suevi controlled the northwest, and much of Gaul was to all intents and purposes controlled by groups of Visigoths, Burgundians, Franks, and Alans. In 454, Valentinian murdered his supreme general Aetius, presumably in an attempt to rule in his own right. But in the next year, he himself was murdered by two members of his bodyguard, ex-partisans of Aetius.
Although Valentinian was ineffectual as a ruler, his legitimate status and connection to the old ruling dynasty provided a last vestige of unity for the increasingly fragmented Roman empire. After his death, the decay of the west accelerated. The different regions of the west went their own way, and the last several western emperors, the so-called "Shadow" or "Puppet" Emperors, not only were usually overshadowed by one barbarian general or other, but also were limited primarily to Italy.ecoli
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81-96 AD - DOMITIAN AR denarius - struck 82 ADobv: IMP CAES DOMITIANVS AVG P M (laureate head right)
rev: TR POT COS VIII P P (dolphin twined around anchor)
ref: RIC Vol 2.1 (2008) 96, RSC 593 (2frcs), not too common issue
mint: Rome
2.81gms, 18.5mm
This reverse reminds me of Legio II Adiutrix. This legion was formed in (early March?) 70 by the emperor Vespasian. Its soldiers were marines from the Ravenna navy, who had sided with Vespasian during his war against the emperor Vitellius.berserker
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AE decanummiun Tiberius II Constantine, SB 472Obverse: DM TIb CONSTANT PP AVG or similar, Crowned, cuir bust facing holding gl. cr.
Reverse: LArge I between two crosses all within wreath
Mint: Sicily per Hahn, Ravenna per Sear
Date: 578-582 CE
Sear 472 DO 66
14mm 2.61gmwileyc
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Athalaric - Ravenna - quarter siliquaAthalaric (516-534), Ostrogothic king (526-534). AR quarter siliqua (11 mm, 0.60 g) in the name of Justinian I, minted in Ravenna 527-534. Obverse: diademed bust right, D N IVSTI-NIAN AVC. Reverse: DN/ATHAL/ARICVS/RIX within wreath. Metlich 59.
Jan
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B 004 Justinianus I. (527-565 A.D.), SB 0320, Ravenna, AR-1/2-Siliqua, Chi-Ro on globe, star both side, B 004 Justinianus I. (527-565 A.D.), SB 0320, Ravenna, AR-1/2-Siliqua, Chi-Ro on globe, star both side,
avers: D N IVSTINI ANVS P P AVG, Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.
reverse: Monogram (Chi-Ro) on globe, at sides, stars. Around, laurel wreath.
exergue: */*//--, diameter: 12mm, weight: 0,72g, axis:6h,
mint: Ravenna, date: 552-564A.D., ref: SB 0320, p-84,
Q-001quadrans
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Byzantine Empire: Heraclius (610-641) Æ Follis, Ravenna, RY 23 (Sear-915; DOC 302; MIB-254; Ranieri-610)Obv: Figures of Heraclonas, Heraclius, and Heraclius Constantine standing facing, each crowned (except Heraclonas who wears a plain cap) and holding globus cruciger; cross to upper left
Rev: Large M; monogram above, A/N/N/O to left, X/X/I[I]/I (date) to right, Λ (A without crossbar) below; RAV
From the Prue Morgan Fitts Collection; Ex Triton XIII (5 January 2010), lot 1658
Quant.Geek
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Byzantine Empire: Justinian I (527-565) Æ Decanummium, Ravenna (Sear-326; MIBE 229a (Rome); Ranieri 393)Obv: Helmeted and cuirassed bust facing, holding globus cruciger and shield
Rev: Large I; A/N/N/O - XX/XIIII (date) across field; all within wreath
Quant.Geek
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Byzantine Empire: Justinian I (527-565) Æ Decanummium, Ravenna, RY 36 (Sear-326; DOC I-353; MIBE-229a; Ranieri-395)Obv: Helmeted and cuirassed bust facing, holding globus cruciger and shield
Rev: Large I flanked by date; all within wreath
Quant.Geek
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Byzantine Empire: Justinian I (527-565) Æ Decanummium, Ravenna, RY 37 (Sear-326; MIBE 229a (Rome); Ranieri 393) Obv: Helmeted and cuirassed bust facing, holding globus cruciger and shield
Rev: Large I; A/N/N/O - XX/XV/II across field; all within wreathQuant.Geek
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Byzantine Empire: Tiberius II Constantine (578-582) Æ Decanummium, Ravenna (Sear-472)Obv: DM TIB CONSTAN PP AVI (or similar); Crowned, cuirassed bust of Tiberius II facing, holding globus cruciger
Rev: Large I between two crosses; all within wreathQuant.Geek
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BYZANTINE, JUSTINIAN I, AR 250 Nummi, struck 540 - 542 at RavennaObverse: D N IVSTINIANVS P P AVG. Diademed bust of Justinian I, wearing imperial mantle, facing right.
Reverse: Large CN (= 250 Nummi) within wreath.
Diameter: 14mm | Weight: 1.07gms | Die Axis: 6
SBCV: 313 | DOC: 334a
RARE*Alex
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Constantius II, RIC VII, Ticinum 121Constantin II, AD 317-340
AE 3, 2.68g, 19.95mm, 180°
Ticinum, 1. officina
obv. CONSTANTINVS IVN NOB C
Bust, laureate and draped, l., holding in r. hand Victoriola and in l. hand mappa
rev. VIRTVS - EXERCIT
Standard with inscription VOT / XX on drapery; captive on ground on either side
in upper l. field stylized Chi-Rho
in ex. ST
ref. RIC VII, Ticinum 121
rare (R3), F+, some incrustations
The symbol in the upper left field sometimes is called Iota-Chi, but probably in error. The actually Iota-Chi is found later, e.g. in an arc of the of the apsis in San Vitale in Ravenna. Alfoldi interprets Lactantius in that way, that it is a hastily painted Chi-Rho.Jochen
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Gepids: Uncertain King (454-552) AR Quarter Siliqua, Sirmium (MEC-1; Demo-80; Stefan-2; COI, p. 43, Fig. 22; Gennari-111b)Obv: D N VƧ(M over W)VISTΛIWS P P Λ[VC], pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right
Rev: (star) IИMVIT + IROИVΛ, Theoderic monogram
Imitation of a Ravenna mint Quarter Siliqua of Theoderic in the name of Justinian I
Quant.Geek
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Gotic Ravenna, deka, Ravenna Felixantvwala
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Heraclius, Follis, Ravenna mint, 630-631 AD (year 21), Sear 914Heraclius (610-641 AD)
630-631 AD (year 21)
Follis
Obverse: DD NN HЄRACLIVS ЄT HЄRA CONST PP AVCC (or similar), Heraclius, crowned, in military attire and holding long cross, standing facing, foot on prostrate figure (a Persian?) below; to right, Heraclius Constantine, wearing crown and chlamys, holding globus cruciger, standing facing
Reverse: Large M; Above, cross; To left, ANNO; To right, XXI ; Exergus, RAV
Ravenna mint
This issue commemorates the victory of Heraclius over the Sasanid kingdom in 629 AD.
After years of war between Romans and Sasanids, in 612, Heraclius launched a major counter-offensive in Syria in 613. He was decisively defeated outside Antioch by Shahrbaraz and Shahin, and the Roman position collapsed. Over the following decade the Persians were able to conquer Palestine and Egypt and to devastate Anatolia. Meanwhile, the Avars and Slavs took advantage of the situation to overrun the Balkans, bringing the Roman Empire to the brink of destruction.
During these years, Heraclius strove to rebuild his army, slashing non-military expenditures, devaluing the currency and melting down Church plate, with the backing of Patriarch Sergius, to raise the necessary funds to continue the war. In 622, Heraclius left Constantinople, entrusting the city to Sergius and general Bonus as regents of his son. He assembled his forces in Asia Minor and, after conducting exercises to revive their morale, he launched a new counter-offensive, which took on the character of a holy war. In the Caucasus he inflicted a defeat on an army led by a Persian-allied Arab chief and then won a victory over the Persians under Shahrbaraz. Following a lull in 623, while he negotiated a truce with the Avars, Heraclius resumed his campaigns in the East in 624 and routed an army led by Khosrau at Ganzak in Atropatene. In 625 he defeated the generals Shahrbaraz, Shahin and Shahraplakan in Armenia, and in a surprise attack that winter he stormed Shahrbaraz's headquarters and attacked his troops in their winter billets. Supported by a Persian army commanded by Shahrbaraz, the Avars and Slavs unsuccessfully besieged Constantinople in 626, while a second Persian army under Shahin suffered another crushing defeat at the hands of Heraclius' brother Theodore. Meanwhile, Heraclius formed an alliance with the Turks, who took advantage of the dwindling strength of the Persians to ravage their territories in the Caucasus. Late in 627, Heraclius launched a winter offensive into Mesopotamia, where, despite the desertion of the Turkish contingent that had accompanied him, he defeated the Persians at the Battle of Nineveh. Continuing south along the Tigris, he sacked Khosrau's great palace at Dastagird and was only prevented from attacking Ctesiphon by the destruction of the bridges on the Nahrawan Canal. Discredited by this series of disasters, Khosrau was overthrown and killed in a coup led by his son Kavadh II, who at once sued for peace, agreeing to withdraw from all occupied territories. Heraclius restored the True Cross to Jerusalem with a majestic ceremony in 629.
Sear 914, D.O. 297, B.M.C. 452, T. 282, B.N. 5, M.I.B. 253a.
RRR
VF
6,98 g. L.e.
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Heraclius, Follis, Ravenna mint, 630-631 AD (year 21), Sear 914, celebrating the defeat of the Sasanid kingdom and the restoration of the True Cross to Jerusalem. Heraclius (610-641 AD)
630-631 AD (year 21)
Follis
Obverse: DD NN HЄRACLIVS ЄT HЄRA CONST PP AVCC (or similar), Heraclius, crowned, in military attire and holding long cross, standing facing, foot on prostrate figure (a Persian?) below; to right, Heraclius Constantine, wearing crown and chlamys, holding globus cruciger, standing facing
Reverse: Large M; Above, cross; To left, ANNO; To right, XXI ; Exergus, RAV
Ravenna mint
This issue commemorates the victory of Heraclius over the Sasanid kingdom in 629 AD.
After years of war between Romans and Sasanids, in 612, Heraclius launched a major counter-offensive in Syria in 613. He was decisively defeated outside Antioch by Shahrbaraz and Shahin, and the Roman position collapsed. Over the following decade the Persians were able to conquer Palestine and Egypt and to devastate Anatolia. Meanwhile, the Avars and Slavs took advantage of the situation to overrun the Balkans, bringing the Roman Empire to the brink of destruction.
During these years, Heraclius strove to rebuild his army, slashing non-military expenditures, devaluing the currency and melting down Church plate, with the backing of Patriarch Sergius, to raise the necessary funds to continue the war. In 622, Heraclius left Constantinople, entrusting the city to Sergius and general Bonus as regents of his son. He assembled his forces in Asia Minor and, after conducting exercises to revive their morale, he launched a new counter-offensive, which took on the character of a holy war. In the Caucasus he inflicted a defeat on an army led by a Persian-allied Arab chief and then won a victory over the Persians under Shahrbaraz. Following a lull in 623, while he negotiated a truce with the Avars, Heraclius resumed his campaigns in the East in 624 and routed an army led by Khosrau at Ganzak in Atropatene. In 625 he defeated the generals Shahrbaraz, Shahin and Shahraplakan in Armenia, and in a surprise attack that winter he stormed Shahrbaraz's headquarters and attacked his troops in their winter billets. Supported by a Persian army commanded by Shahrbaraz, the Avars and Slavs unsuccessfully besieged Constantinople in 626, while a second Persian army under Shahin suffered another crushing defeat at the hands of Heraclius' brother Theodore. Meanwhile, Heraclius formed an alliance with the Turks, who took advantage of the dwindling strength of the Persians to ravage their territories in the Caucasus. Late in 627, Heraclius launched a winter offensive into Mesopotamia, where, despite the desertion of the Turkish contingent that had accompanied him, he defeated the Persians at the Battle of Nineveh. Continuing south along the Tigris, he sacked Khosrau's great palace at Dastagird and was only prevented from attacking Ctesiphon by the destruction of the bridges on the Nahrawan Canal. Discredited by this series of disasters, Khosrau was overthrown and killed in a coup led by his son Kavadh II, who at once sued for peace, agreeing to withdraw from all occupied territories. Heraclius restored the True Cross to Jerusalem with a majestic ceremony in 629.
Sear 914, D.O. 297, B.M.C. 452, T. 282, B.N. 5, M.I.B. 253a.
RRR
VF
6,98 g. L.e.
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Heraclius, Follis, Ravenna mint, Sicilian countermark, 637-638 AD (year 28), Spahr 53Heraclius (610-641 AD)
637-638 AD (Year 28)
Follis
Obverse: no legend, Heraclius, Heraclius Constantine and Heraclonas standing facing and holding globe bearing a cross.
Reverse: Large M; Above, monogram; To left, ANNO; To right, XXVIII ; exergus, RAV
Ravenna follis (sear 916) with sicilian countermark (sear 883), Spahr 53 (RRRR)
Ravenna/Sicily mint
Sear -, D.O.-, B.M.C.-, T.-, R-, B.N.-, M.I.B.,-. Spahr 53
RRRR
VF
10,79 g., 32 mmL.e.
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Honorius Gold SolidusHonorius Gold solidus, RIC X 1328, VF, Ravenna, 4.350g, 20.4mm, die axis 180o, 412 - 422 A.D.
OBV: D N HONORI-VS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right;
REV: VICTORI-A AVGGG, Honorius standing right, active stance, standard in right, Victory on globe in left, left foot treading on captive with bent knees;
R-V across fields, COMOB in ex;
EX: Forvm Ancient CoinsSRukke
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Honorius RIC X, Ravenna 1310Honorius AD 393-423
AV - Solidus, 4.37g, 21mm
Ravenna, after the death of Arcadius AD 408-423
obv. DN HONORI - VS PF AVG
Bust helmeted r., draped, cuirassed and diademed, bearded, helmet with three stars
rev. VICTORI - A AVGGG
Emperor stg. facing, holding long staff topped by Tau-Rho and placing l. hand on hilt of
sword; he is crowned by the Hand of God and places r. foot on neck of prostrate
serpent-tailed lion.
in field: R/V
exergue: COB
RIC X, Ravenna 1310; C.43
Rare; nearly EF
added to www.wildwinds.com
This type was struck probably soon after the death of Arcadius. The uncharacteristically warlike effigy of Honorius may bee seen as a response to the threat posed by the usurpation of Constantine III and the mutinous state of the army. He is bearded, perhaps in mourning for his brother Arcadius. (RIC X)Jochen
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Honorius RIC X, Ravenna 1340Honorius 393 - 423
AV - Tremissis, 1.41g, 12mm
Ravenna AD 408 - 423 (after death of Arcadius)
obv. DN HONORI - VS PF AVG
draped, cuirassed bust, rosette-diademed head r.
rev. VICTORIA - AVGVSTORV[M]
Victory in military dress advancing r., holding cross-globe li. and wreath r.
field: R and V
exergue: COMOB
RIC X, Ravenna 1340; C.47
Rare; about VF (obv. with scratches, rev. with dagger's marks, bended)
added to www.wildwinds.com
Die-links with Johannes RIC 1906 and Theodosius RIC 1339 and RIC 1802!
Jochen
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Honorius Silver Not OfficialAncient not official Silver Imitation of Gold Solidus.
(Size, 19.7 mm ; Weight: 1.6 g.)
Honorius. (393-423 AD). Gold solidus. Ravenna, 402-406 AD.
D N HONORI—VS P F AVG, bust draped, cuirassed right, seen from front, wearing pearl diadem / VICTORIA AVGGG, emperor standing right placing foot on captive and holding labarum and Victory on globe, R—V in fields, COMOB in exergue.
RIC 1287. Cohen 44 Tanit
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Honorius, solidus, Victoria Avggg, Ravennaantvwala
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Honorius. Emperor's Victory Solidus of Ravenna.Roman Empire. Honorius. 393-423 AD. AV Solidus (4.42 gm, 20.7mm, 12h) of Ravenna, 402-403, 405-406. Pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right, D N HONORIVS P F AVG. / Emperor standing right in military attire, foot on captive, holding standard & victory on globe, VICTORIA AVGGG, R-V in fields, ex: COMOB. EF. Bt. Coral Gables, 2001. RIC X #1287; Cohen 44; DOC 735-736; SRCV V #20919.Anaximander
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Italian States: Ravenna. ArchbishopricBiaggi 1966; MIR 1251; CNI v.X p. 683, 8, plate XLIII/23
AR denaro, struck after 1232 and before 1440. 0.48 g., 15.29 mm. max.; 90°
Obv.: + ARCHEPISCO, VPS around central pellet.
Rev.: DE RAVENA, cross pattée; trefoil in second and third quarters.Stkp
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Italy, Ravenna, Mausoleum of Galla Placidiait is describbed as "the earliest and best preserved of all mosaic monuments, and at the same time one of the most artistically perfect"
The building was formerly the oratory of the Church of the Holy Cross and now contains three sarcophagi. The largest sarcophagus was thought to contain the remains of Galla Placidia (died 450). Other is attributed to her husband, Emperor Constantius III. The last sarcophagus is attributed to Galla's son, Emperor Valentinian III, or to her brother, Emperor Honorius.J. B.
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Italy, Ravenna, Mausoleum of Galla Placidiait is describbed as "the earliest and best preserved of all mosaic monuments, and at the same time one of the most artistically perfect"
The building was formerly the oratory of the Church of the Holy Cross and now contains three sarcophagi. The largest sarcophagus was thought to contain the remains of Galla Placidia (died 450). Other is attributed to her husband, Emperor Constantius III. The last sarcophagus is attributed to Galla's son, Emperor Valentinian III, or to her brother, Emperor Honorius.J. B.
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Italy, Ravenna, Mausoleum of Galla Placidiait is describbed as "the earliest and best preserved of all mosaic monuments, and at the same time one of the most artistically perfect"
The building was formerly the oratory of the Church of the Holy Cross and now contains three sarcophagi. The largest sarcophagus was thought to contain the remains of Galla Placidia (died 450). Other is attributed to her husband, Emperor Constantius III. The last sarcophagus is attributed to Galla's son, Emperor Valentinian III, or to her brother, Emperor Honorius.J. B.
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Italy, Ravenna, Mausoleum of Galla PlacidiaThe building was formerly the oratory of the Church of the Holy Cross and now contains three sarcophagi. The largest sarcophagus was thought to contain the remains of Galla Placidia (died 450). Other is attributed to her husband, Emperor Constantius III. The last sarcophagus is attributed to Galla's son, Emperor Valentinian III, or to her brother, Emperor Honorius.J. B.
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Italy, Venice, Basilica di Santa Maria Assunta Torcello interior mural showing the last judgementthis church is a notable example of Late Paleochristian architecture, one of the most ancient religious edifices in the Veneto, and containing the earliest mosaics in the area of Venice. The basilica was founded by the exarch Isaac of Ravenna in 639. The mosaic pieces are 24kt gold cabochons and the colors are largely semi-precious stone. It was built when the area was still very much under the influence of the Byzantine empire.
Sadly, this building is WAY off the beaten path and is almost never visited.
The skull of Saint Cecilia is kept as a relic here.Ron C2
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Iustinianus I (527-565) 16 nummi (AE)Obv.: DN IVSTINIANVS PP AVG (Draped bust of emperor) Rev.: I central, A S P in field Exergue: TES Diameter: 22 mm Weight: 6,51 g SB 175
Though Justinian is often hailed as the greatest of the Byzantine emperors, his Gothic Wars as well as lavish building projects in Ravenna and Constantinople proved to be a very costly affair. The empire was as good as bankrupt when Justinian passed away. The hexagonal shape of the coin is typical for this type.Nick.vdw
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Justinian I - RomeJustinian I (527-565). Æ denarius (9 mm, 0.63 g), Rome mint c. 537-546. Obverse: (I)VSTINI-ANVS, diademed bust right. Reverse: Latin version of Justinian's monogram within wreath. Undescribed, similar to MIBE 94 (Rome); Sear 340 (uncertain mint).
I have not found an earlier description of this monogram. It is similar to MIBE 94, which has the same form except that the S is placed below instead of above. The monogram is also similar to those of Athalaric and Theodahad on 2½ nummi minted in Rome 526-536. This type of "A" in the monogram is not found on coins from Ravenna. The byzantine army lead by Belisarius entered Rome in December 536 unopposed by the Ostrogoths. Rome was later besieged and occupied by Baduila in 546 and again reoccupied by Belisarius in 547. In addition, the frontal bust was introduced on Italian copper coins in the late 540s. These facts combined suggest that this coin was minted in Rome during the period from about 537 to 546. Hahn suggests that MIBE 94 belongs to the mid-540s.Jan
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Justinian I Decanumium, Sear 326Facing, helmeted bust of Justinian I. Reverse: large I in center of field. ANNO to left of I, reading top to bottom XX/XV (or XX/VII) to right of I reading right to left. Minted 561-562 (563-564) CE in Ravenna. Purchased through FORVM Auctions, $4.55. Received December 7, 2022Adrian H
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Justinian I – RavennaJustinian I (527-565). Æ 10 nummi (16 mm, 3.85 g), minted in Ravenna year 561/562. Obverse: D N IVSTINIANVS P P AV, Helmeted, cuirassed bust facing holding globus cruciger and shield. Reverse: Large I between ANNO and XX/XV. SB 326.Jan
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Morocco, LixusLixus is the site of an ancient Roman city located in Morocco just north of the modern seaport of Larache on the bank of the Loukkos River. The location was one of the main cities of the Roman province of Mauretania Tingitana .
Ancient Lixus is located on Tchemmich Hill on the right bank of the Loukkos River (other names: Oued Loukous; Locus River), just to the north of the modern seaport of Larache. The site lies within the urban perimeter of Larache, and about three kilometers inland from the mouth of the river and the Atlantic ocean. From its 80 meters above the plain the site dominates the marshes through which the river flows. To the north, Lixus is surrounded by hills which themselves are bordered to the north and east by a forest of cork oaks.
Among the ruins there are Roman baths, temples, 4th century walls, a mosaic floor, a Christian church and the intricate and confusing remains of the Capitol Hill.
Lixus was first settled by the Phoenicians in the 7th century BC and was later annexed by Carthage. Lixus was part of a chain of Phoenician/Carthaginian settlements along the Atlantic coast of modern Morocco; other major settlements further to the south are Chellah (called Sala Colonia by the Romans) and Mogador. When Carthage fell to Ancient Rome, Lixus, Chellah and Mogador became imperial outposts of the Roman province Mauretania Tingitana.
The ancient sources agree to make of Lixus a counter Phoenician, which is confirmed by the archaeological discovery of material dating from 8th century BC. It gradually grew in importance, later coming under Carthaginian domination. After the destruction of Carthage, Lixus fell to Roman control and was made an imperial colony, reaching its zenith during the reign of the emperor Claudius I (AD 41-54).
Some ancient Greek writers located at Lixus the mythological garden of the Hesperides, the keepers of the golden apples. The name of the city was often mentioned by writers from Hanno the Navigator to the Geographer of Ravenna, and confirmed by the legend on its coins and by an inscription. The ancients believed Lixus to be the site of the Garden of the Hesperides and of a sanctuary of Hercules, where Hercules gathered gold apples, more ancient than the one at Cadiz, Spain. However, there are no grounds for the claim that Lixus was founded at the end of the second millennium BC.
Lixus flourished during the Roman Empire, mainly when Claudius established a Roman Colonia with full rights for the citizens. Lixus was one of the few Roman cities in Berber Africa that enjoyed an amphitheater: the amphitheater at Lixus. In the third century Lixus become nearly fully Christian and there are even now the ruins of a paleochristian church overlooking the archeological area. The Arab invasions destroyed the Roman city. Some berber life was maintained there nevertheless until one century after the Islamic conquest of North Africa by the presence of a mosque and a house with patio with the covered walls of painted stuccos.
The site was excavated continuously from 1948 to 1969. In the 1960s, Lixus was restored and consolidated. In 1989, following an international conference which brought together many scientists, specialists, historians and archaeologists of the Mediterranean around the history and archaeology of Lixus, the site was partly enclosed. Work was undertaken to study the Roman mosaics of the site, which constitute a very rich unit. In addition to the vestiges interesting to discover the such mosaics whose one of sixty meters representing Poseidon. Lixus was on a surface of approximately 75 hectares (190 acres). The excavated zones constitute approximately 20% of the total surface of the site.
This site was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on July 1, 1995 in the Cultural category.Joe Sermarini
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Odovacar - RavennaOdovacar (also Odoacer, Odovacer, Odoacre) (c. 433-493), king of Italy (476-493). Æ (10 mm, 0.75 g). Obverse: ODO-(VAC), Odovacar draped and cuirassed right. Reverse: monogram of Odovacar. Reference: RIC X 3502, R3.Jan
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Ostrogoths: Theoderic (493-518) AR Half-siliqua, i.n.o Anastasius I, Ravenna (Metlich-43a; MIBE-V77; MEC-117)Obv: D N ANASTASIVS P P AVC, pearl-diademed and cuirassed bust right
Rev: Star within wreath
Size: 12mm
Wgt: 1.27g
Quant.Geek
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Ostrogoths: Theoderic (493-518) AR Quarter-Siliqua, i.n.o Anastasius I, Ravenna (MEC-120; Metlich-44a)Obv: D N ANASTASIVS P P AVC, pearl-diademed and cuirassed bust right
Rev: INVICTA ROMA, monogram
Size: 11mm
Wgt: 0.79g
Quant.Geek
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Phocas - RavennaPhocas (-610), Byzantine emperor (602-610). Æ 20 Nummi (15 mm, 3.66 g), Ravenna. Obverse: crowned, draped, and cuirassed facing bust. Reverse: large XX with star between, RAV in exergue. SB 707; MIB 113; Ranieri 527. Jan
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ROMAN EMPIRE, Valentinian III SolidusRIC X 2010 Ravenna, C19, Depeyrot 17/1, 426-430 A.D.
4.47 g, 22 mm
D N PLA VALENTINIANVS P F AVG, rosette-diademed, draped & cuirassed bust right
VICTORIA AVGGG, Valentinian standing facing, holding long cross & Victory on globe, foot on human-headed serpent
R-V across fields
COMOB in exergue
ScarceMark Z
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Sear 0472Tiberius II Constantine (578 – 582 CE) Decanummium, weight 5.22g, diameter 17mm. Uncertain western mint: DOC lists this type under Ravenna while Hahn argues for a Sicilian origin.Abu Galyon
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Sear 0922Heraclius (610 – 641 CE). Half-follis, weight 4.9g, diameter 27 x 19 mm. Mint of Ravenna, fourth [Δ] officina, struck in 629/30 [= regnal year XX]. Scarce.Abu Galyon
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Sear 1137A - Follis - 643-644 AD (Year 3) - Ravenna mintEmperor: Constans II (r. 641-668 AD)
Date: 643-644 AD (Year 3)
Condition: Fine/VF
Denomination: Follis
Obverse: Illegible legend
Bust facing, beardless, wearing chlamys and crown with cross on circlet. In right hand, globus cruciger.
Reverse: Large " "; Above, cross; To left,  / // ; To right,  //; Beneath,  .
Exergue:   
Ravenna mint
Sear 1137A; MIB 224A
6.61g; 20.6mm; 180°
Ex CNGPep
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Sear 1139 - Follis - 659-668 AD - Ravenna mintEmperor: Constans II (r. 641-668 AD)
Date: 659-668 AD
Probable Date: 662-663 AD (Year 22)
Condition: Fine/Fair
Denomination: Follis
Obverse: Illegible legend
To left, bust of Constans, with long beard, To right, bust of Constantine, beardless, each wearing chlamys and crown with cross. Between heads, cross.
Reverse: Large " "; Above,  ( /?); To left and right, Heraclius and Tiberius, standing, each wearing chlamys and crown, Heraclius holding globus cruciger.
Exergue:
Ravenna mint
Sear 1139
1.48g; 17.6mm; 180°Pep
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Sear 1239 - Follis - 679-680 AD (Year 26) - Ravenna mintEmperor: Constantine IV (r. 668-685 AD)
Date: 679-680 AD (Year 26)
Condition: aVF
Denomination: Follis
Obverse: DNCOTINVSPP (or similar)
Bust 3/4 facing, with short beard, wearing cuirass and helmet with plume and diadem, the ties of which are visible to the left. In right hand, spear held behind head; on left shoulder, shield.
Reverse: Large "M"; To left and right, Heraclius and Tiberius standing, each wearing chlamys and crown with cross, and holding globus cruciger; Above,  NNO over XXVI; Beneath, .
Exergue: RAV
Ravenna mint
DO 89; Sear 1239; MIB 117
2.40g; 22.3mm; 165°
Ex Dr. Michael Metlich CollectionPep
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Sear 1239 - Follis - 681-682 AD (Year 28) - Ravenna mintEmperor: Constantine IV (r. 668-685 AD)
Date: 681-682 AD (Year 28)
Condition: Fine
Denomination: Follis
Obverse: DNCOTINVSPP (or similar)
Bust 3/4 facing, with short beard, wearing cuirass and helmet with plume and diadem, the ties of which are visible to the left. In right hand, spear held behind head; on left shoulder, shield.
Reverse: Large "M"; To left and right, Heraclius and Tiberius standing, each wearing chlamys and crown with cross, and holding globus cruciger; Above, NNO over VIII; Beneath, .
Exergue: RAV
Ravenna mint
Sear 1239; MIB 117
4.23g; 23.5mm; 165°
Ex Dr. Michael Metlich CollectionPep
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Sear 1310 - Follis - 685-687 AD - Ravenna mintEmperor: Justinian II (First Reign: 685-695 AD)
Date: 685-687 AD
Condition: aFine
Denomination: Follis
Obverse: No legend
Bust facing, bearded, wearing chlamys and crown (with cross?). In right hand, globus cruciger.
Reverse: Large ""; Above, cross.
Exergue:
Ravenna mint
DO 72; Sear 1310; MIB 78
3.61g; 20.0mm; 180°
Ex Dr. Michael Metlich CollectionPep
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Sear 1358 - Follis - 695-698 AD - Ravenna mintEmperor: Leontius (r. 695-698 AD)
Date: 695-698 AD
Condition: Fine
Denomination: Follis
Obverse: ]  - [ ][
Bust facing, bearded, wearing loros and crown with cross on circlet, and holding globus cruciger in right hand.
Reverse: Large ""; Above, cross.
Exergue:
Ravenna mint
DO 30; Sear 1358
2.76g; 22.6mm; 180°Pep
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Sear 1411 - Follis - 698-705 AD - Ravenna mintEmperor: Tiberius III (Apsimar) (r. 698-705 AD)
Date: 698-705 AD
Condition: aVF
Denomination: Follis
Obverse: Illegible legend
Bust facing, with close beard, wearing cuirass and crown with cross on circlet. In right hand, spear held before body. On left shoulder, shield with horseman device.
Reverse: Large ""; Above, cross.
Exergue:
Ravenna mint
DO 48; Sear 1411; MIB 82; Ranieri 776-80
3.17g; 21.2mm; 165°
Ex CNGPep
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Sear 1446 - Follis - 705-711 AD - Ravenna mintEmperor: Justinian II (Second Reign: 705-711 AD)
Date: 705-711 AD
Condition: Fine
Denomination: Follis
Obverse: No legend (?)
To left, bust of Justinian bearded; to right, bust of Tiberius, beardless, each wearing chlamys and crown with cross. They hold between them long cross potent (on globus?).
Reverse: Large ""; Above, cross; To left, ///; To right, // (?)
Exergue:
Ravenna mint
DO 24; Sear 1446
1.16g; 13.4mm; 165°
Ex VAuctionsPep
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Sear 907 - 120 Nummi - 610-641 AD - Ravenna mintEmperor: Heraclius (r. 610-641 AD)
Date: 610-641 AD
Condition: aEF
Denomination: 120 Nummi
Obverse: ] -  
Bust right, beardless, draped and diademed.
Reverse: Cross potent, in wreath-like border.
Ravenna mint
DO 281; Sear 907
0.35g; 10.7mm; 165°
Ex VAuctionsPep
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Sear 922 - Half Follis - 630-631 AD (Year 21) - Ravenna mintEmperor: Heraclius (r. 610-641 AD)
Date: 630-631 AD (Year 21)
Condition: aFine/aVF
Denomination: Half Follis
Obverse: Illegible legend
To left, Heraclius facing, with long beard, wearing military dress and crown with cross, with left foot on captive; in right hand, long cross. To right, Heraclius Constantine facing, wearing chlamys and crown with cross; in right hand, globus cruciger. Between heads, cross.
Reverse: Large " "; Above, cross; To left, ///; To right, ; Beneath,  .
Ravenna mint
DO 301; Sear 922
4.01g; 16.3mm; 180°
Ex ArtCoins RomaPep
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Theoderic the Great - Ravenna - 5 nummiTheoderic the Great (454-526), Ostrogothic king (471-526), ruler of Italy (494-526). Æ 5 Nummi (15 mm, 1.67 g), Ravenna. Obverse: crowned head of Ravenna right, [FELIX R]-AVENNA (retrograde). Reverse: Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm branch, R-V in fields. Metlich 81; Ranieri 252-4; MEC –.
Rare. Metlich (2004) cites six coins, four of which are in museums (Ravenna, Milan, Torino, Vienna), and suggests that they belong to the very earliest of Theoderic's Æ coinage from the 490's. This is the only Æ coin of Theoderic that is believed to belong to Ravenna; all other Æ coins where minted in Rome.
Ex Dix Noonan Webb 2009, A8, Lot 5968.Jan
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Theoderic the Great - Ravenna - quarter siliquaTheoderic the Great (454-526), Ostrogothic king (471-526) and ruler of Italy (494-526). AR quarter siliqua (11 mm, 0.64 g) in the name of Justin I, minted in Ravenna 518-526. Obverse: diademed bust right, D N IVSTI-NVS AVC. Reverse: Monogram of Theoderic with cross above, all within wreath. Metlich 55.Jan
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Theoderic the Great - Rome - 10 nummiTheoderic the Great (454-526), Ostrogothic king (471-526), ruler of Italy (494-526). Æ 10 Nummi (16 mm, 2.32 g), Rome. Obverse: crowned head of Ravenna right, FELIX R-AVENNA. Reverse: monogram of Ravenna, cross above, all in wreath. Metlich 78b; MIB 72b; MEC 150; Kraus 5.
This type with a cross above the monogram is less common than the type without a cross. The minting is believed to have continued into the reign of Athalaric (526-536) (Metlich, 2004). The existence of two hybrid coins where the Ravenna monogram reverse is combined with an INVICTA ROMA obverse indicates that the coins may have been produced in Rome (Metlich, 2004).Jan
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Theoderic the Great - Rome - 10 nummiTheoderic the Great (454-526), Ostrogothic king (471-526), ruler of Italy (494-526). Æ 10 Nummi (16 mm, 2.72 g), Rome. Obverse: crowned head of Ravenna right, FELIX R-AVENNA. Reverse: Eagle left between two stars, X in exergue. Metlich 77; Ranieri 255-6; MEC –.
Approximately 20-30 coins known. Metlich (2004) cites thirteen coins in museums and sold at major auctions. Metrological evidence suggests that this type was emitted at about the same time as the more common type with the Ravenna monogram on the reverse (Metlich, 2004).Jan
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Theoderic. Æ Decanummium Converted to Weight (17mm 2.9 gm). Municipal issue. Ravenna mint. Struck A.D. 493-518Theoderic. Æ Decanummium Converted to Weight (17mm 2.9 gm). Municipal issue. Ravenna mint. Struck A.D. 493-518. FELIX RAVENNA; Draped bust of Ravenna right, wearing mural crown / [Ravenna monogram in wreath; X (mark of value) at point of wreath ties]. COI 78a; MEC 145-9. converted to a two tremissis weight with the reverse removed and blank surface inscribed IS (16) in series of points to denote weight.Victor C
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Theodoric in the name of Anastasius - AR 1/4 SiliquaRavenna or Rome
493-518 AD
pearl-didemed bust right, Ostrogothic-style garment
D N ANASTASIVS
monogram of Theodoric
INVIC_TA ROMA
(THRD) S O
*
WARWICK WROTH No.:78 plate vii.9
0,5g 8,5mm
ex ArtemideJ. B.
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Tiberius II Constantine - RavennaTiberius II Constantine (-582), Byzantine emperor (574-582). Æ 10 nummi (14 mm, 3.27 g), Ravenna or Sicilian mint. Obverse: crowned facing bust, holding globus cruciger. Reverse: large I between two crosses. DOC I 66 (Ravenna); SB 472 (Ravenna); Hahn, Numismatic Circular, 1979, p. 553 (Sicily).Jan
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Valentinian III (A.D. 424-455)AU Solidus, A.D. 426-430, Ravenna, 20.5mm, 4.39g, 0°, RIC X 2010; Ex St. George Collection, Ex KD Collection.
Obv: D N PLA VALENTINIANVS P F AVG. Rosette diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Rev: VICTORIA AVGGG. Emperor standing facing, standing on serpent, holding cross and Victory on globe; R V in field; CONOB in ex.Marti Vltori
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Valentinian III - AV solidusRavenna
426-430 AD
rosette-didemed, draped and cuirassed bust right
D N PLA VALENTI_NIANVS P F AVG
Valentinian III facing, holding long cross and Victory on globe left, stepping on the human-headed serpent with closed-coiled
VICTORI_A AVGGG
R_V
CON OB
RIC X Valentinian III 2011
4,4g 20,5mm
ex Mateusz WójcickiJ. B.
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Valentinian III RIC X, 2010Valentinian III 425 - 455, son of Constantius III
AV - Solidus, 4.51g, 21mm
Ravenna 5. officina, 425 - ca. 430
obv. DN PLA VALENTI - NIANVS PF AVG
bust draped and cuirassed, head rosette-diademed r.
rev. VICTORI - A AVGGG
Emperor in military dress standing frontal, holding long cross
in r. hand and globe with Victory holding wreath in l. hand,
r. foot on snake with human head
field: R and V
exergue: COMOB
RIC X, 2010; C.19; DOCLR. 841?
Scarce; VF
Foot on snake, so the emperor will tread on his enemies. So the snake in Christianity has changed to a symbol of evil. Remind the different meaning of a snake f.e. on SALUS types!Jochen
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Valentinian III SolidusRIC X 2010 Ravenna, C19, Depeyrot 17/1, 426-430 A.D.
4.47 g, 22 mm
D N PLA VALENTINIANVS P F AVG, rosette-diademed, draped & cuirassed bust right
VICTORIA AVGGG, Valentinian standing facing, holding long cross & Victory on globe, foot on human-headed serpent
R-V across fields
COMOB in exergue
ScarceMark Z
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Valentinian III. Emperor Standing on Serpent Solidus of Ravenna.Roman Empire. Valentinian III. 450-455 AD. AV Solidus (4.36 gm, 21.1mm, 12h) of Ravenna, 430-455 AD. Diademed, draped, & cuirassed bust right, DN PLA VALENTINIANVS P F AVG. / Emperor standing, facing, in military attire, foot on serpent w/ human head, holding long cross & victory on globe, VICTORIA AVGGG, R-V, ex: COM OB. EF. Bt. Herakles Numismatics, 2002. RIC X p.366 #2018; Cohen 19; Depeyrot p.192 #17/1; DOC 841-843; SRCV V #21265.Anaximander
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Witigis - Ravenna - 10 nummiWitigis, Ostrogothic king (536-539). Æ 10 Nummi (3.54 g, 17 mm), Ravenna. Obverse: helmeted bust of Roma right, (INVICT)-A ROMA. Reverse: DN/VVIT/ICIS/REX within wreath. Metlich 92.Jan
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Witigis - Ravenna - 10 nummiWitigis, Ostrogothic king (536-539). Æ 10 Nummi (16 mm, 3.23 g), Ravenna. Obverse: helmeted bust of Roma right, (INVICT)-A ROMA. Reverse: DN/VVIT/ICES/REX within wreath. Metlich 92.Jan
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X, 1287 Honorius, 393-423AV solidus, 20mm, 4.45g, gVF
Struck 402-408 at Ravenna
DN HONORI-VS PF AVG, pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VICTORI-A AVGGG, Honorius standing right, holding labarum and Victory on globe, foot set on captive. R - V in fields, COMOB in exg.
RIC X 1287; Depeyrot 7/1; DOCLR 735; Cohen 44
Consigned to ForvmLawrence W
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