| Image search results - "REX" |
Athalaricus Rex
AD 526-534
One nummus
Rugser
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Athalaricus Rex
AD 526-534
One nummus
Rugser
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Athalaricus Rex
AD 526-534
One nummus
Rugser
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Athalaricus Rex
AD 526-534
One nummus
Rugser
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Athalaricus Rex
AD 526-534
One nummus
Rugser
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Athalaricus Rex
AD 526-534
One nummus
Rugser
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Athalaricus Rex
AD 526-534
One nummus
Rugser
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Athalaricus Rex
AD 526-534
One nummus
Rugser
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Athalaricus Rex
AD 526-534
Quarter-siliqua
d/ DN IVSTINIANVS AVG
r/ DN ATHALARICVS REXRugser
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Athalaricus Rex
AD 526-534
X nummii
d/ INBICTA ROMA
r/ DN ATALARICVS Rugser
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Athalaricus Rex
AD 526-534
X nummii
d/ INVICTA ROMA
r/ DN ATHALARICVS
Rugser
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Athalaricus Rex
AD 526-534
d/ INVICTA ROMA
r/ DN ATHALARICVS
Rugser
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THEODAHATVS AD 534-536
Follis - Mint Roma
d/ DN THEODAHATVS REX
r/ VICTORIV PRINCIPIM
mm 27Rugser
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Denarius - Denarius - 58 BC.
M. AEMILIVS SCAVRVS & P. PLAVTIVS HVPSAEVS - Gens Aemilia & Plautia
Obv.:M. SCAVR AED CVR - EX S C - REX ARETAS Nabatean king Aretas kneeling before camel, holding olive branch
Rev.: P HVPSAE AED CVR - CAPTV - C HVPSAE COS PREIVE, Jupiter in quadriga left holding thunderbolt and reins; scorpion to left.
Gs. 4,1 mm. 16,65x17,40
Cr422/1b, Sear RCV 379
Maxentius
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Polen
Johann Kasimir (1649-1668)
1666 (?)
Schilling (Kupfer)
Münzstätte: Krakau (?)
Vs: Büste nach rechts. Umschrift: "IOAN CAS REX"
Rs: Reiter nach rechts. Umschrift: "SOLI..... 1666"
Gewicht: 1,0g
Durchmesser: 14 mm
Erhaltung: schön _299Antonivs Protti
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Obverse - IMPAVRELIANVSAVG
Reverse - RESTITVTOREX - ERCITIverslaflamme
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CARDINAL WOLSEY
When Henry VIII became King of England in 1509 he appointed Thomas Wolsey to the post of Almoner, a position that gave him a seat on the Privy Council and an opportunity for establishing a personal rapport with the King to such an extent that by 1514 Wolsey had become the controlling figure in virtually all matters of state. In 1515, he was awarded the title Archbishop of York and this, followed by his appointment that same year as Cardinal by Pope Leo X, gave him precedence over all other English clerics. His ecclesiastical power advanced even further in 1523 when the Bishop of Durham, a post with wide political powers, was added to his titles.
After Wolsey attained the position of Lord Chancellor, the King's chief adviser, he had achieved more power than any other Crown servant in English history and during his fourteen years of chancellorship Wolsey, who was often alluded to as an alter rex (other king), used his power to neutralise the influence of anyone who might threaten his position..
In spite of having made many enemies, Cardinal Wolsey retained Henry VIII's confidence until, in 1527, the King decided to seek an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon so that he could marry Anne Boleyn. Henry asked Wolsey to negotiate the annulment with the Pope and in 1528 the Pope decided to allow two papal legates, Wolsey himself and Cardinal Campeggio, to decide the outcome in England. Wolsey was confident of the outcome, but Campeggio took a long time to arrive, and then he delayed proceedings so much, that the case had to be suspended and the Pope decided that the official decision should therefore be made in Rome and not in England.
After his failure to negotiate the annulment, Wolsey fell out of favour with Henry and in 1529 he was stripped of his government office and property, including the magnificent Palace of Hampton Court, which Henry took as his own main London residence.
Wolsey was however permitted to retain the title of Archbishop of York and so he travelled to Yorkshire, for the first time in his career, to carry out those duties.
Now that he was no longer protected by Henry, Wolsey's enemies, including it is rumoured, Ann Boleyn, conspired against him and Henry had him arrested and recalled to London to answer to charges of treason, one of those being that with 'pompous and preposterous mind, he had enterprised to join and imprint the Cardinal's hat under the King's arms on the King's coin of groats made in the city of York'. But Wolsey, now in great distress, fell ill on the journey back to the capital and at Leicester, on 29 November 1530, aged about 57, he died from natural causes before he could be beheaded.*Alex
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1st Century BC - 1st Century CE, IRON AGE BRITAIN, Tribe: Trinovantes, AE Unit, Struck c.10 BC – 10 CE in Camulodunum(?) in Essex under DubnovellaunusObverse: Head facing right, hair(?) lines on head divided by clear centre parting.
Reverse: Horse prancing left; complex pellets and circles above and below.
Diameter: 13.5mm | Weight: 1.61gms | Axis: 3h
SPINK: -- | BMC -- | ABC 2413
VERY RARE
Very rare uninscribed bronze unit of Dubnovellaunus found in Essex. The type is designated as a “Dubnovellaunus Centre Parting” bronze unit in ABC (Ancient British Coins), and to date (January, 2023) it is unlisted in any other major reference works.
DUBNOVELLAUNUS
It is generally thought that Dubnovellaunus succeeded his father Addedomarus as king of the Trinovantes somewhere around 10-5 BC and ruled for several years before being supplanted by Cunobelinus of the Catuvellauni.
In the Res Gestae Divi Augusti, a British king called Dumnovellaunus appears, alongside Tincomarus of the Atrebates, as a supplicant to Augustus in around AD 7 and, given the chronology, it is indeed possible that Dubnovellaunus of the Trinovantes is the same person as the Dumnovellaunus who presented himself to Augustus. The spelling variation is due to a Celtic, rather than a Latin, interpretation of the ruler's name.
It is worth mentioning that the authors of ABC (Ancient British Coins) also think that Dubnovellaunus of the Trinovantes could possibly be the same individual as the Dumnovellaunus who ruled in Kent in the 30s - 20s BC, they suggest that he could have been a Cantian king who later gained control over the southern part of the Trinovantes and that therefore he might have ruled both territories north and south of the Thames estuary for a few years. It should be noted however, that Van Arsdell, an authority on the Celtic Coinage of Britain, emphatically disputes this.
TRINOVANTES
The Trinovantes were one of the Iron Age Celtic tribes of Pre-Roman Britain. Their territory was on the north side of the Thames estuary in the present day counties of Essex, Hertfordshire and Suffolk, and also included lands now located in Greater London. They were bordered to the north by the Iceni, and to the west by the Catuvellauni. Their capital was Camulodunum (modern Colchester).
Shortly before Julius Caesar's invasion of Britain in 55 and 54 BC, the Trinovantes were considered the most powerful tribe in Britain. At this time their capital was probably at Braughing (in modern-day Hertfordshire). In some copies of Caesar's Gallic War their king is referred to as Imanuentius, although no name is given in other copies which have come down to us. That said however, it seems that this king was overthrown by Cassivellaunus, king of the Catuvellauni, some time before Caesar's second expedition and that Imanuentius' son, Mandubracius, fled to the protection of Caesar in Gaul. During his second expedition Caesar defeated Cassivellaunus and restored Mandubracius to the kingship. Cassivellaunus agreed to pay tribute and also undertook not to attack him again.
The next identifiable king of the Trinovantes, known from numismatic evidence, was Addedomarus, who took power around 20 – 15 BCE, and moved the tribe's capital to Camulodunum. For a brief period, around 10 BCE, Tasciovanus of the Catuvellauni issued coins from Camulodunum, suggesting that he must have conquered the Trinovantes, but he was soon forced to withdraw, perhaps as a result of pressure from the Romans. Addedomarus was restored and Tasciovanus' later coins no longer bear the mark “REX”. Addedomarus was briefly succeeded by his son Dubnovellaunus, around 10 to 5 BCE, but a few years later the tribe was conquered by either Tasciovanus or his son Cunobelinus.
The Trinovantes do not appear in history again until their participation in Boudica's revolt against the Romans in 60 CE. After that though they seem to have embraced the Romanisation of Britain and their name was later given to one of the “civitates” of Roman Britain, whose chief town was Caesaromagus (modern Chelmsford in Essex).
CLICK ON MAP BELOW TO ENLARGE IT
*Alex
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1st Century CE, IRON AGE BRITAIN, Tribes: Catuvellauni and Trinovantes, AE Unit, Struck c.10 - 40 at Verlamion under CunobelinusObverse: CVNO - BELIN. Bare head facing left.
Reverse: TASCIO. Metal worker, wielding hammer, seated facing right.
Diameter: 15mm | Weight: 2.24gms | Axis: 3h
Spink: 342 | ABC: 2969 | Van Arsdell 2097
CUNOBELINUS
Cunobelinus was a king in Iron Age Britain from about 9 CE until about 40 CE. He is mentioned by the Roman historians Suetonius and Dio Cassius, and many coins bearing his inscription have been found. Cunobelinus controlled a substantial portion of south-eastern Britain, including the territories of the Catuvellauni and the Trinovantes, and is called “Britannorum rex" (King of the Britons) by Suetonius. He appears to have been recognized by the Roman emperor Augustus as a client king, shown by the use of the Latin title Rex on some of his coins.
Numismatic evidence appears to indicate that Cunobelinus took power around AD 9 after the death of his father Tasciovanus, minting coins from both Camulodunum, capital of the Trinovantes and Verlamion (Roman Verulamium), capital of the Catuvellauni. Some of the Verulamium coins name him as the son of Tasciovanus, a previous king of the Catuvellauni. Cunobelinus' earliest issues are, however, from Camulodunum, indicating that he took power there first, and some have a palm or laurel wreath design, a motif borrowed from the Romans indicating a military victory. It is possible that he was emboldened to act against the Trinovantes, whose independence was protected by a treaty they made with Julius Caesar in 54 BC, because problems in Germania severely affected Augustus' ability to defend allies in Britain.
Cunobelinus, however, appears to have maintained quite good relations with the Roman Empire, he used classical motifs on his coins and his reign also saw an increase in trade with the continent. Archaeological evidence shows an increase in imported luxury goods, including wine and drinking vessels from Italy, olive oil and “garum” (fish sauce) from Spain, as well as glassware, jewellery, and tableware from the wider continent, all of which, from their distribution, appear to have entered Britain via the port of Camulodunum. Rome's lucrative trade with Britain was also reported by Strabo, according to him the island's exports included grain, gold, silver, iron, hides, slaves and hunting dogs. It seems likely that Cunobelinus was one of the British kings, mentioned by Strabo, who sent embassies to Augustus.
Cunobelinus died about 40, probably within a year of that date, as he was certainly dead by 43.
Traditionally it has been suggested that the “Lexden Tumulus” on the outskirts of Colchester was Cunobelinus' tomb, but without evidence confirming that, it is also possible that the tomb was built for the earlier Trinovantian king, Addedomarus. Interestingly there is a second tumulus, though this one is not so well known, 665m to the northwest of the Lexden burial mound, on a grassy area in the middle of a modern housing estate. This tumulus, known as ‘The Mount’, probably dates from around the same time as the well-known one at Fitzwalter Road, Lexden.
CLICK ON MAP BELOW TO ENLARGE IT
 *Alex
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2 Augustus and Ptolemy, King of Mauretania Æ Semis, Carthago Nova, Spain
C. Laetilius Apalus and Ptolemy, duoviri.
Bare head of Augustus right / Name and titles of the duoviri around diadem, REX PTOL inside
RPC 172; SNG Copenhagen 494
Ptolemy of Mauretania (Greek: Πτολεμαῖος, Latin: Ptolemaeus, 1 BC-40) was the son of Juba II and Cleopatra Selene and the grandson of Cleopatra VII and Mark Antony. He was the last Roman client King of Mauretania, and the last of the Ptolemy line.Sosius
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Louis XIV (1643 - 1715), AE (Brass) Jeton struck c.1644 – 1645Obverse: LVD•XIIII•D:G•FR•ET•NA•REX. Laureate and cuirassed youthful bust of Louis XIV facing right; • B • (for Briot) below.
Reverse: CONSILIO•NIL•NISI•. The escutcheon of France, surrounded by the chain of the Ordre du Saint-Esprit (Order of the Holy Spirit): Necklace and Cross. The legend translates as “He undertakes nothing without Council”, a reference to the administrative council of the king.
Dimensions: 25.65mm | Weight: 5.4gms | Die Axis: 12
Ref. Feuardent: 239 var.
Struck at the Monnaie de Louvre mint, Paris, France
Die engraver: Nicholas Briot
Nicholas Briot (c.1579–1646) was an innovative French coin engraver, medallist and mechanical engineer, who is credited with the invention of the coining-press. He emigrated to England in 1625 and in 1626 he was commissioned to make 'puncheons and dies' for the Coronation of Charles I. His Coronation Medal established his reputation and he went on to produce a considerable number of dies for medals and coins in the following years. In 1633, he was appointed chief engraver to the Royal Mint and went to Scotland to prepare and coin the coronation pieces of Charles I. These demonstrated both his artistic skill and the technical superiority of his new coining machinery and in 1635, on the death of Sir John Foulis, Briot was appointed Master of the Mint in Scotland and superintended the Scottish coinage for several years. Briot was then recalled to England by the King, and on the outbreak of the English Civil War he took possession of the coining apparatus at the Tower and had it removed 'for the purpose of continuing the coining operations in the cause of the King'. Briot travelled to France in the early 1640's and sent coining presses to his brother Isaac, now in a senior position at the Paris Mint, he died on Christmas Eve 1646.*Alex
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Louis XIV (1643 – 1715), AE Jeton struck c.1650Obverse: LVD•XIIII•D•G•FR•ET•NAV•REX. Laureate and draped youthful bust of Louis XIV facing right.
Reverse: IVSTIS•SPES•PACIS•IN ARMIS. Pax, helmeted, seated on a pile of arms, holding an olive branch in her outstretched right hand and a narrow cornucopia in her left.
Dimensions: 27.94mm | Weight: 6.8gms | Die Axis: 12
Ref. Feuardent: 12482 var.
Struck at unverified mint, probably Monnaie de Louvre, Paris, France
Die engraver: Jean Varin
Jean Varin (6 February 1604 Liège – 26 August 1672 Paris) was a French sculptor and engraver who made important innovations in the process of minting coins. He moved to Paris in 1625 or 1626 where, after demonstrating his talent as an engraver, he obtained the support of Cardinal Richelieu and in 1629 he was assigned as a “Conducteur de la Monnaie du Moulin”. In 1647 he was appointed head of the French mint, and became “engraver of the king's seal” and a member of the Academy of painting and sculpture. Varin brought back the use of the screw press in the mint, initially using it to produce a gold coin, the Louis d'or, which featured his youthful portrait of the King which is similar to that on this jeton.
This jeton, likely struck between 1650 and 1653, commemorates the signing of the Treaty of Münster between France and the Holy Roman Empire on 15 May 1648 which ended the Thirty Years War. France, to the detriment of the Holy Roman Empire, retained control of the bishoprics of Metz, Toul and Verdun near Lorraine as well as receiving the city of Pignerol near the Spanish Duchy of Milan and the cities of the Décapole in Alsace, excluding Strasbourg.
*Alex
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27 MacrinusMACRINUS
AR Tetradrachm of Phoenicia, Tyre. AD 217-8. (11g, 25.6mm)
AYT K M OP CE MAKPINOC CE, laureate bust right, with drapery at front of truncation / DHMAPX EX YPATOC PP, eagle standing on club facing, head left, murex shell between legs.
Prieur 1555Sosius
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4Obverse
PHILIPPVS monogram
Crowned 1642
Date in cartouche?
Reverse
REX monogram
XII over ?
?mauseus
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5Obverse
PHILIPPVS monogram
Crowned date (unclear, 1641?)
Cartouche date (unclear)
Reverse
REX monogram
Cartouche 8
VIII over MDmauseus
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70.5 HanniballianusROMAN IMPERIAL
Hanniballianus
Rex Regum, AD 335-337. Æ Follis (15mm, 1.73 g, 12h). Const. mint, 6th officina. Struck AD 336-337.
O: Bareheaded, draped, and cuirassed bust right.
R: Euphrates reclining right, leaning upon scepter; reed behind, overturned urn below, CONSÏ‚.
RIC VII 147; LRBC 1036. Good Fine, dark green patina with some earthen deposits.
Ex CNGSosius
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810 - 841, EANRED, Anglo-Saxon king of Northumbria, AE Styca, Struck c.830 - 835 at York, EnglandObverse: + EANRED REX around small cross pattée. Cross pattée in legend.
Reverse: + FORDRED around small cross patoncé. Cross pattée in legend. Moneyer: Fordred.
Phase 1b issue
Grey patina with slight silver sheen
Diameter: 12mm | Weight: 0.9gms | Die Axis: 12h
SPINK: 862
Initially a base silver coin, after the devastating Viking attack on Lindisfarne in 793, with its subsequent commercial impact on the kingdom of Northumberland, Eanred's second issue of stycas were debased by having their silver content replaced by zinc. There was a further debasement of the coinage in 829 after Eanred's submission to Ecgberht of Wessex, such that the styca became basically a copper alloy coin.
Eanred was king of Northumbria in the early ninth century.but very little is known for certain about him. Roger of Wendover, a 13th century English chronicler, states that Eanred reigned from 810 until 840, but the twelfth-century History of the Church of Durham records a reign of 33 years. Given the turbulence of Northumbrian history in this period, a reign of this length suggests a figure of some significance. Eanred was the son of King Eardwulf, who was deposed by an otherwise unknown Ælfwald in 806. According to the History of the Church of Durham, Ælfwald ruled for two years before Eanred succeeded. However Frankish sources claim that, after being expelled from England, Eardwulf was received by Charlemagne and then the pope, and that their envoys escorted him back to Northumbria and secured his restoration to power. The precise nature of the succession of Eanred is therefore unclear but all the sources agree that Eanred was eventually succeeded by his son, Æthelred.
The Kingdom of Northumbria was a medieval Anglian kingdom in what is now Northern England and South-east Scotland. The name derives from the Old English Norþan-hymbre meaning "the people or province north of the Humber", Northumbria started to consolidate into one kingdom in the early seventh century when the two earlier territories of Deira and Bernicia united. At its height, the kingdom extended from the Humber Estuary in the south to the Firth of Forth (now in Scotland) in the north.
Northumbria ceased to be an independent kingdom in the mid-tenth century.
*Alex
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841 - 849, ÆTHELRED II, Anglo-Saxon king of Northumbria, AE Styca, Struck 841 - 844 at York, EnglandObverse: + EDILRED REX around large Greek cross, small Greek cross in legend.
Reverse: + EANRED around small Greek cross. Small Greek cross in legend. Moneyer: Eanred.
Issue: First Reign, Phase II, Group Cii
Diameter: 13mm | Weight: 0.9gms | Die Axis: 12
SPINK: 865 | Pirie: 1374 (same dies)
The new styca coinage, small brass coins containing very little silver and much zinc introduced at the beginning of the century, continued to be minted in large quantities by a number of different moneyers at York during Æthelred's reign.
Æthelred II was king of Northumbria in the middle of the ninth century, but, as with his father, his dates are uncertain. Relatively little is known of Æthelred's reign from the surviving documentary record. He appears to have been expelled in favour of Rædwulf, whose reign is confirmed by the evidence of coinage. However, Rædwulf was killed that same year fighting against the Vikings and Æthelred was restored to power. Æthelred was assassinated a few years later, but no further details are known of his murder. Æthelred II was succeeded by Osberht.
N. J. Higham, reader of history at Manchester University and author of several books on the Anglo-Saxons dates Æthelred II's reign as from 840 until his death in 848, with an interruption in 844 when Rædwulf briefly usurped the throne. Barbara Yorke, Emeritus professor of Medieval history at the University of Winchester agrees, but dates his death slightly later to 848 or 849.
The Kingdom of Northumbria was a medieval Anglian kingdom in what is now Northern England and South-east Scotland. The name derives from the Old English Norþan-hymbre meaning "the people or province north of the Humber", Northumbria started to consolidate into one kingdom in the early seventh century when the two earlier territories of Deira and Bernicia united. At its height, the kingdom extended from the Humber Estuary in the south to the Firth of Forth (now in Scotland) in the north.
Northumbria ceased to be an independent kingdom in the mid-tenth century.
*Alex
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9Obverse
PHILIPPVS monogram
VIII over TO monogram
?
Reverse
REX monogram
Crowned 1641mauseus
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Elagabalus Phoenicia, Tyre. Elagabalus. A.D. 218-222. AE 23 (23.21 mm, 9.45 g, 7 h). . [IMP C M AVR ANTONINVS AVG] or similar, laureate draped and cuirassed bust right / [SEPTIM] TYRO [COL]O or similar, Temple of the Phoenician Koinon seen in perspective from the right; murex shell below. . Rouvier 2384; AUB 258; SNG Copenhagen 368. Fine, porous, rough surfaces.ecoli
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Louis XIV and Marie-Thérèse, AE (Brass) Jeton struck c.1667Obverse: +LVD•XIIII•ET•MAR•THER•D•G•FRA•ET•NAV•REX•ET•REG. Busts of Louis XIV and Marie Therese facing one another. To the left, draped and laureate bust of Louis XVI facing right. To the right, draped bust of Marie Therese facing left, small crown on the back of her head.
Reverse: VINCIT•DVM•RESPICIT (The sun dissipates the clouds). Radiant disc of the sun with facial features parting billowing clouds below; in exergue, 1667.
Dimensions: 27mm | Weight: 6.1gms | Die Axis: 6
Ref. Feuardent: 13069
Struck at Lisse, Netherlands
Die engraver: Unknown
Marie-Thérèse, daughter of Philip IV of Spain, was born on the 10th of September 1638. She was also called Marie-Thérèse D'Autriche because the Spanish Kings of those days had a Hapsburg-Austrian origin and her name refers to that and not the home country were she was born and lived.
In 1660 Philip IV, and the entire Spanish court accompanied Marie-Thérèse to the Isle of Pheasants, in the Bidassoa, where she was met by Louis XIV and his court. She and Louis XIV were married in 1660, the marriage agreement being one aspect of the peace negotiations that took place between Spain and France during 1659 and 1660. On the day of her wedding, Marie-Thérèse wore a gown covered in the royal fleur-de-lys and it is said that her uncovered hair proved to be so thick that it was difficult to attach a crown to it. This might account for the odd positioning of the crown as it appears on her bust.
Jetons commemorating the marriage, bearing the busts of Louis XIV and Marie-Thérèse, were issued each year from 1660 through to 1673. Marie-Thérèse died on 30th July, 1683.*Alex
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Louis XIV and Marie-Thérèse, AE (Copper) Jeton struck c.1667Obverse: +LVD•XIIII•ET•MAR•THER•D•G•FRA•ET•NAV•REX•ET•REG. Busts of Louis XIV and Marie Therese facing one another. To the left, draped and laureate bust of Louis XVI facing right. To the right, draped bust of Marie Therese facing left, small crown on the back of her head.
Reverse: MAIESTATI•AC•AETERNIT•GALL•IMPERII•SACRVM+. Front view of the new Louvre Palace in Paris.
Diameter: 27.5mm | Weight: 5.7gms | Die Axis: 6
Ref. Feuardent: 13082
Struck at indeterminate mint, possibly Lisse, Netherlands
Engraved by Jean Varin or faithfully copied from his dies
The site of the Louvre was originally a fortress, built in the middle ages by King Philippe-Auguste (1165-1223). Between 1364 and 1380, Charles V (1338-1380) undertook work on this building to transform it into a castle, turning the old fort into a comfortable residence.
François I (1494-1547), known as the sovereign of the Renaissance, demolished the castle begun by Charles V and rebuilt it as the Louvre Palace and Catherine de Medici (1519-1589) had the Tuileries Palace built alongside.
Then King Henri IV (1553-1610), began further modernisations and had a large gallery built between the Louvre Palace and Tuileries Palace to facilitate movement between the seat of power and his apartments. The modernisation work begun by Henri IV was not completed until the reign of Louis XIV, and it is this that is commemorated on this jeton. It was Louis XIV who, before moving on to his work at Versailles, entrusted the development of the gardens to André Le Nôtre. But when the court of the Sun King moved to his new Palace of Versailles the Louvre Palace became somewhat run down and was occupied by a variety of intellectuals and artists who took up residence there.*Alex
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (15mm, 3.31 g)
Hermit crab right; wheat ear below
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç 40 var. (figure on reverse - same obverse die)Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (17mm, 3.95 g)
Murex shell, flanked by dolphin swimming upwards and eel
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç –Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (16mm, 4.22 g, 2 h)
Hermit crab right; wheat ear below
Lion advancing right
Gülbay & Kireç 40 var. (figure on reverse – same obverse die)
My special thanks to BCD for withholding his bid and allowing me to acquire this piece. Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (14mm, 2.31 g, 10 h)
Hermit crab right; wheat ear below
Facing head of Medusa
Cf. Gülbay & Kireç 40/191-2 (for obv./rev.)
Ex Pecunem 10 (1 December 2013), lot 848Ardatirion
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D.892 Pepin the Brief (denier, Saint-Denis?)Pepin the Brief, king of the Franks (751-768)
Denier, Saint-Denis ? (751-768)
Silver, 1.22 g, 16 mm diameter, die axis 11 h
O/ RP under a bar; pellets in the field
R/ ΛVT / TRΔ / NO
RP on the obverse means Rex Pippinus, or maybe PiPpinus Rex (the first R would then have to be read twice, the first time as a P).
The reverse is more intricate. First, the mint was identified as Antrain in Brittany. However, a lead slab has been found in Saint-Denis, on which similiar dies had been tested. As a consequence these deniers may have been minted in Saint-Denis monastery. However the legend on the reverse is still unclear (name of a moneyer, abbreviation of a latine phrase ?).
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D.175 Charles the Great [Charlemagne] (denier, class 3, Bourges)Charles the Great, king of the Franks (768-840) and Holy Roman emperor (800-814)
Denier (Bourges, class 3, 781-800)
Silver, 1.18 g, 20 mm diameter, die axis 3h
O/ [+CA]RLVS REX FR; cross pattée with a crescent in each quarter
R/ [+B]ITVRICA[S]; carolingian monogram KRLS
For the 3rd type of his coinage, Charles the Great introduced the famous KRLS monogram. This one contains all the letters of Karolvs : the consonants are clearly written at the edges and bound by a lozenge. The vowels are at the center of the monogram: A (using the upper part of the lozenge, O as the whole lozenge and V as the down part of the lozenge).
This monogram still appeared two centuries later in the coinage of Hugh Capet, first capetian king.
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D.621 Charles II the Bald (denier, class 1a, Melle)Charles the Bald, king of the Franks (840-877)
Denier (Melle, class 1a, 840-864)
Silver, 1.70 g, 21 mm diameter, die axis 9h
O/ +CΛRLVS REX FR; cross pattée
R/ META / • / LLVM
Class 1 of Charles the Bald's coinage is made of totally different types of coins, which may reflect the state of the kingdom after 3 years of civil war and the division of the Empire.
Class 1a: mint in the field, with a linear legend
Class 1b: bust
Class 1c: city gate
Class 1d: KRLS monogram
Class 1e: temple
Coupland suggests that this particular scarce type (with META/LLVM on the reverse) had been minted from June 848, just after Charles the Bald finally defeated his nephew Pippin II for Aquitaine's control. The aim of minting a special type like this was to show a clear difference with the previsous coinage of Pippin II. A little later, Charles the Blad went on with the typical coinage of Melle (monogram ; circular mint name).
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D.197 Charles II the Bald (obol, class 1a, Bourges, Aquitaine)Charles the Bald, king of the Franks (840-877)
Obol (Bourges, Aquitaine, class 1a, 848-849 ?)
Silver, 0.80 g, 17 mm diameter, die axis 5h
O/ +CΛRLVS REX ; cross pattée
R/ AQUI / • / TANIA
The obols of Charles the Bald with AQUITANIA on the reverse are thought to have been minted in Bourges due to hoard studies. For instance, Chaumoux-Marcilly (small village near Bourges) hoard was found in 1930. It had in it 40 coins of Charles the Bald: 20 from Bourges, 17 obols with AQVITANIA, 2 from Melle and one from Orléans. This hoard is consequently supposed to be made of local coins, and AQVITANIA obols of Charles the Bald are supposed to have been minted in Bourges.
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D.725 Charles II the Bald (denier, class 1c, Orléans)Charles the Bald, king of the Franks (840-877)
Denier with a gate (Orléans, class 1c, 840-864)
Silver, 1.26 g, 19 mm diameter, die axis 5h
O/ +CΛRLVS REX FR; cross pattée with four pellets
R/ +ΛVRE-LI-ΛINS; city gate with two pellets on sides
The gate motif goes back to Roman times and was used by early Carolingians (and Capetians later).
There is a small misprint on the reverse : +ΛVRE-LI-ΛINS instead +ΛVRE-LI-ΛNIS
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D.606 Charles II the Bald (denier, class 1d, Melle)Charles the Bald, king of the Franks (840-877)
Denier (Melle, class 1d, 840-864)
Silver, 1.35 g, 20.5 mm diameter, die axis 12h
O/ +CΛRLVS REX FR; cross pattée
R/ +METVLLO; carolingian monogram
The KRLS monogram was first introduced by Charles' great father, Charles the Great (Charlemagne). Charlemagne's son (Louis the Pious) never used a monogram, contrary to most carolingian rulers as Charles the Bald in particular.
This is the second most common carolingian coin.
Charlemagne minted exactly similar coins (Class 3). The question of the attribution to Charles the Great or the Bald has of course been widely discussed on grounds of style, weight, composition (work of Guillaume Sarah), position of the legend... These studies didn't lead to any clear conclusion although these deniers may often be attributed to Charlemagne. New hoards have to be found to resolve this issue.
By then, these coins have to be attributed to Charles the Bald by reason of the relative number of minted coins.
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D.626 Charles II the Bald (denier, class 1d, Melle)Charles the Bald, king of the Franks (840-877)
Denier (Melle, class 1d, 840-864)
Silver, 1.73 g, 21 mm diameter, die axis 5h
O/ +CΛRLVS REX; cross pattée
R/ +METVLLO; carolingian monogram
This coinage with the shorter legend CΛRLVS REX is much rarer than the common one with the legend CΛRLVS REX FR. The composition of a hoard in Poitou suggests that this type can be unambiguously attributed to Charles the Bald. This coinage may have been minted at the beginning of Charles the Bald's reign, just before Pippin II took the control of Melle in 845.
Among the 12 known specimens, 5 have a deformed monogram, with the L and the S exchanging places, and on their sides. This feature, the shorter legend, as well as the unusual position of the legend opening cross on top of the monogram may suggest that there was some confusion in Melle at this time, when Charles gave back (temporarily) Aquitaine to Pippin.
The reverse is slightly double struck.
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D.627 Charles II the Bald (denier ?, class 1d, Melle)Charles the Bald, king of the Franks (840-877)
Denier (Melle ?, class 1d, 840-864)
Silver, 1.35 g, 20.5 mm diameter, die axis 12h
O/ +CΛRLVS REX R; cross pattée
R/ +METxVLLO; carolingian monogram
The x in METxVLLO on the reverse has been widely discussed.
For instance, Depeyrot understands it as an immobilization/feudal issue. The crude style of theses deniers and the lightly degenerate legend of this one (CARLVS REX R instead of REX FR) seems in coherence with this hypothesis. However, the x is always at the same place.
Moreover, this type of coin has been found in the Brioux hoard, which may be datable to the beginning of Charles the Bald's reign. Grierson and Blackburn suggest that these coins with x were mainly minted in Poitiers. Using the legend of the close Melle mint allowed to take advantage of the reputation of Melle coinage.
Coupland proposes that this METxVLLO type came after the METVLLO type after 860 and until round 925. Then, it was replaced by the MET/ALO type. In order to explain the differences of interpretation, Coupland thinks that several hoards were wrongly dated or described.
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D.1189 Charles II the Bald (denier, class 1e,Orléans)Charles the Bald, king of the Franks (840-877)
"Temple" denier (Orléans, class 1e, 840-864)
Silver, 1.64 g, 21 mm diameter, die axis 8h
O/ +CΛRLVS REX FR; cross pattée
R/ +XPISTIΛNΛ RELIGIO; temple
This other example of Class 1 is the continuation of Louis the Pious' temple denier. XPISTIANA RELIGIO is then most often replaced by the mint name.
Although this is not the case for this specimen, the mint attribution is very clear. It is Orléans, because of the exaggerated S of XPISTIANA and the first I of RELIGIO is in the angle of the L.
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D.762 Charles II the Bald (denier, class 1e, Paris)Charles the Bald, king of the Franks (840-877)
"Temple" denier (Paris, class 1e, 840-864)
Silver, 1.70 g, 20 mm diameter, die axis 4h
O/ +CΛRLVS REX FR; cross pattée
R/ +PΛRISII CIVITΛS; temple
The mint's name (Paris) stands in for the usual legend XPISTIANA RELIGIO. The royal authority may have been quite weak in the beginning of Charles' reign, and each mint may have been tempted to make a clear legend to characterize its own coinage.
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D.726 Charles II the Bald (denier, class 1e, Orléans)Charles the Bald, king of the Franks (840-877)
"Temple" denier (Orléans, class 1e, 840-864)
Silver, 1.53 g, 19 mm diameter, die axis 9h
O/ +CΛRLVS REX FR; cross pattée with 4 pellets
R/ +ΛVR-ELI-ΛNIS; temple
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D.375 Charles II the Bald (denier, class 2, Courcessin?)Charles the Bald, king of the Franks (840-877)
GDR denier (Courcessin?, class 2, 864-875)
Silver, 1.43 g, 19 mm diameter, die axis 12h
O/ +GRΛTIΛ D-I REX; carolingian monogram
R/ +I.CVRTISΛSONIEH; cross pattée
In 864, Charles the Bald promulgated the edict of Pîtres, huge reform whose aim was to protect the kingdom from Viking raids. It also reinforced royal authority on minting, and created a new type of deniers . The new coins could be only struck at 10 mints (Palace, Chalon sur Saône, Melle, Narbonne, Orléans, Paris, Quentovic, Reims, Rouen and Sens). This limitation had never been applied, more than 110 mints struck the new coinage. This can be understood as a lack of control of the central autority. However it seems that several mints shared dies... Grierson and Blackburn proposed that only 10 main mints produced dies and partially outsourced coinage production ?
On the obverse is written GRATIA D-I REX (GDR) around a carolingian monogram. The alliance with Roman Church goes on... The reverse already existed for Class 1, with the mint name around a cross pattée.
Class 2 of Charles' coinage is made of these GDR deniers.
The precise localization of the mint in Normandie (north of France) is still not clear. According to Grierson and Blackburn, Courti(s) Sasonien(sis) may come from some groups of Saxons settled in northern part of Gaul.
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D.727 Charles II the Bald (denier, class 2, Orléans)Charles the Bald, king of the Franks (840-877)
GDR denier (Orléans, class 2, 864-875)
Silver, 1.80 g, 21 mm diameter, die axis 5h
O/ +GRΛTIΛ D-I REX; carolingian monogram
R/ +ΛVRELIΛNIS CIVITΛS; cross pattée
This is another typical example of Class 2 (GDR type).
Cenabum was a gallic stronghold of the Carnute tribe. It was conquered and destroyed by Caesar in 52 BC, and then maybe rebuilt by the emperor Aurelian. This may be the origin the city's name.
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D.750 Charles II the Bald (denier, class 2, Palace Mint)Charles the Bald, king of the Franks (840-877)
GDR denier (Palace Mint, class 2, 864-875)
Silver, 1.77 g, 20 mm diameter, die axis 2h
O/ +GRΛTIΛ D-I REX; carolingian monogram
R/ +PΛLΛTINΛ MONE; cross pattée
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D.811 Charles II the Bald (denier, class 2, Quentovic)Charles the Bald, king of the Franks (840-877)
GDR denier (Quentovic, class 2, 864-875)
Silver, 1.64 g, 21 mm diameter, die axis 6h
O/ +GRΛTIΛ D-I REX; carolingian monogram
R/ +QVVENTOVVCI; cross pattée with 2 globules
This is another typical example of Class 2 (GDR type).
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D.399 Charles II the Bald (denier, class 2, Dijon)Charles the Bald, king of the Franks (840-877)
GDR denier (Dijon, class 2, 864-875)
Silver, 0.91 g, 19.5 mm diameter, die axis 2h
O/ +C[RATIA] D-I REX; carolingian monogram
R/ +DIVIONI C[AST]RE; cross pattée
This is another less common example of Class 2 (GDR type).
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D.880 Charles II the Bald (obol, class 2, Rouen)Charles the Bald, king of the Franks (840-877)
GDR obol (Rouen, class 2, 864-875)
Silver, 0.73 g, 14 mm diameter, die axis 10h
O: +CRΛTIΛ D-I REX;carolingian monogram
R: +ROTVHΛCVS CIVI; cross pattée
Obol of GDR type
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D.559 Charles II the Bald (denier, class 2, Le Mans)Charles the Bald, king of the Franks (840-877)
GDR denier (Le Mans, class 2, 864-875 or end of the 8th/beginning of the 10th century)
Silver, 1.42 g, 19 mm diameter, die axis 3h
O: +G I RΛTIΛ D-I REX; carolingian monogram
R: +CINOMΛNIS CIVITΛS; cross pattée
Due to the degenerate legend and monogram, this coin may be an immobilization.
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Dy.016 Henry I: denier (Paris, 1st type)Henry I, king of the Franks (1031-1060)
Denier (Paris, 1st type)
Silver, 1.23 g, diameter 21 mm, die axis 10h
O/ HΛNIRICVS REX ; Alpha et Omega hung in the field
R/ PΛISIVS CIVTAS around a cross pattée
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Dy.050 Philip I: denier (Orléans)Philip I, king of the Franks (1060-1108)
Denier (Orléans, 1st type)
Billon, 1.28 g, diameter 20 mm, die axis 10h
O: +PHILIPVS X REX D-I; city gate, NI and IC besides, ΛT inside and et I above
R: +ΛVRELIΛNIS CIVITΛ; croix pattée with 2 S
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Dy.096 Louis VI (the Fat): denier (Dreux)Louis VI the Fat, king of the Franks (1108-1137)
Denier (Dreux, 1st type)
Billon, 1.13 g, diamètre 19 mm, axe 2 h
A/ +LVDOV-CVS REX; church
R/ +DRVCΛS CΛSTΛ around a cross pattée with 2 Ω
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Dy.102 Louis VI (the Fat): denier (Étampes)Louis VI the Fat, king of the Franks (1108-1137)
Denier (Étampes, 3rd emission)
Billon, 1.13 g, diameter 19 mm, die axis 2h
A/ +LODOVICVS REX I; large E with a ringlet on the left, and 4 pellets on top of each other and a X on the right
R/ STΛMPIS CΛSTELLVM ; cross pattée with 2 Λ
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Dy.120 Louis VI (the Fat): denier (Orléans)Louis VI the Fat, king of the Franks (1108-1137)
Denier (Orléans)
Billon, 0.83 g, diameter 19 mm, die axis 4h
O/ +LVDOVICVS REX I; city gate with an O on the top, an Ω on the left, and 3 dashes on the right (maybe a Ξ). 4 pellets are in the gate.
R/ +AVRELIANIS CIVITAS; cross pattée with an O and an A.
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Dy.134 Louis VII (the Young): denier (Bourges)Louis VII, king of the Franks (1137-1180)
Denier (Bourges)
Billon, 0.70 g, diameter 19 mm, die axis 1h30
O/ +LVDOVICVS REX; facing bearded and crowned head of the king
R/ +VRBS BI - TVRICA; latine flowered cross that interrups the legend
This type of coin with the king's face is quite unusual for the Capetian coinage. However, it was hard to recognize the king's face !
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Dy.145 Louis VII (the Young): denier parisis (Paris), 2nd typeLouis VII, king of the Franks (1137-1180)
Denier parisis (Paris), 2nd type
Billon, 0.81 g, diameter 19 mm, die axis 9h
O: +LVDOVICVSoREX; FRA/NCO
R: PARISII CIVIS, cross pattée
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Dy.146 Louis VII (the Young): denier parisis (Paris), 3rd typeLouis VII, king of the Franks (1137-1180)
Denier parisis (Paris), 3rd type
Billon, 0.83 g, diameter 19 mm, die axis 3h
O: LVDOVICVS REX; FRA/OCN
R: PA[R]ISII CIVIS, cross pattée
The second line on the field of the obverse must be read form right to left, so that one can read : Lvdovicvs rex franco(rum).
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Dy.148 Louis VII (the Young): denier parisis (Paris), 4th typeLouis VII, king of the Franks (1137-1180)
Denier parisis (Paris), 4th type
Billon, 0.90 g, diameter 18-20 mm, die axis 3h
O: +LVDOVICVS RE; FRA/OCN
R: PA[R]ISII CIVIS, cross pattée
The second line on the field of the obverse must be read form right to left, so that one can read : Lvdovicvs rex franco(rum).
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Dy.164 Philip II (Augustus): denier parisis (Paris)Philip II, king of France (1180-1223)
Denier parisis (Paris)
Billon, 1.04 g, diameter 19 mm, die axis 9h
O: PHILIPVS REX; FRA/OCN
R: PARISII CIVIS, cross pattée
Philip II's denier parisis is very similar to his father's.
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Dy.168 Philip II (Augustus): denier parisis (Arras)Philip II, king of France (1180-1223)
Denier parisis, 2ond emission (1191-1199, Arras)
Billon, 1.08 g, diameter 20 mm, die axis 2h
O: PHI.LIPVS REX; FRA/OCN
R: +ARRAS CIVIS, cross pattée with 2 lily flowers
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Dy.176 Philip II (Augustus): denier tournois (Saint Martin de Tours)Philip II, king of France (1180-1223)
Denier tournois (Saint Martin de Tours)
Billon, 0.96 g, diameter 18.5 mm, die axis 7h
O: PHILIPVS REX; croix pattée
R: +SCS MARTINVS; châtel tournois
The livre parisis was a standard for minting coins (and for unit of accounts) inherited from the Carolingians.
In 1203, John (Lackland) lost Anjou to Philip II. The deniers minted at the Saint Martin abbey in Touraine were considered as very stable. So Philip II decided to adopt the livre tournois (tournois means "of Tours", Tours is a French city in Anjou close to Saint Martin abbey) as a new standard denier and unit of account. Livre parisis and livre tournois coexisted for some time but the livre tournois quickly outstripped the livre parisis as a unit of account. Deniers parisis ceased to be struck a little more than a century later, but livre parisis existed till 17th century.
SCS MARTINVS means Sanctus Martinus (Saint Martin). The name of the abbey was temporarily kept on the deniers tournois, but was soon replaced by the name of the city of Tours.
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Dy.177 Philip II (Augustus): denier tournois (Tours)Philip II, king of France (1180-1223)
Denier tournois (Tours)
Billon, 0.92 g, diameter 19 mm, die axis 10h30
O: PHILIPVS REX; croix pattée
R: +TVRONVS CIVI; châtel tournois
This is the first denier tournois, nearly with the standard and final legend TVRONVS CIVI(S).
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Dy.178 Philip II (Augustus): denier (Déols)Philip II, king of France (1180-1223)
Denier (1206-1207, Déols)
Billon, 1.18 g, diameter 18 mm, die axis 7h
O: +REX FILIPVS; croix pattée
R: +Dε DOLIS; hexalpha (star) around a ringlet
Déols (in the Centre-Val de Loire, region of France) was not in the royal domain.This denier was struck by Philip II, as guardian of Denise of Déols. Surprinsigly, the king title (rex) arrives before the name of the king.
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Dy.184 Philip II (Augustus): denier (Laon)Philip II, king of France(1180-1223) and Roger de Rosoi, bishop of Laon (1174-1201)
Denier (1180-1201, Laon)
Billon, 1.18 g, diameter 18 mm, die axis 3h
O: +PHILIPVS REX; facing crowned head of the king
R: +R[OG]ERVS εPE; facing head of the bishop with miter
The denier was minted by both the king and the bishop of Laon (north of France, out of the royal domain at this time).
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Dy.187 Louis VIII (the Lion) or IX (Saint Louis): denier tournoisLouis VIII, king of France (1223-1226) or Louis IX, king of France (1226-1270)
Denier tournois (1223-1250)
Billon, 0.81 g, diameter 19 mm, die axis 4h30
O: +LVDOVICVS REX; cross pattée
R: +TVRONVS CIVI; châtel tournois
The question of the attribution of this denier to Louis VIII or to the first part of Louis IX's reign is difficult. Indeed, Louis VIII only ruled for 3 years and both the father and the son have the same name...
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Dy.188 Louis VIII (the Lion) or IX (Saint Louis): denier tournoisLouis VIII, king of France (1223-1226) or Louis IX, king of France (1226-1270)
Denier tournois (1223-1250)
Billon, 0.70 g, diameter 19 mm, die axis 11h
O: +LVDOVICVS REX; cross pattée
R: +TVRONIS CIVI; châtel tournois
Just a slightly modified legend (TVRONIS instead of TVRONVS) with respect to the previous denier.
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Dy.193A Louis IX (Saint Louis): denier tournoisLouis IX, king of France (1226-1270)
Denier tournois (1250-1270)
Billon (229 ‰), 0.95 g, diameter 19 mm, die axis 1h30
O: +LVDOVICVS.REX; cross pattée
R: +TVRONVS.CIVIS; châtel tournois
The difference between the deniers tournois of the first and second part of Saint Louis' reign is the absence or presence of an S at the end of CIVI(S) on the reverse.
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Dy.202A Philip III (the Bold): Gros tournois Philip III, king of France (1270-1285)
Gros tournois (1270-1280)
Silver (958 ‰), 4.04 g, diameter 26 mm, die axis 1h30
O: inner circle: +PhILIPVS.REX; cross pattée; outer circle: BNDICTVâ‹®SITâ‹®HOmЄ⋮DNIâ‹®nRIâ‹®DЄIâ‹®IhV.XPI
R: inner circle: +TVRONV.S.CIVIS; châtel tournois; outer circle: a circlet of 12 fleur-de-lis
This type exactly continued the Gros tournois of Saint Louis, Philip's father.
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Dy.204 Philip III (the Bold): denier tournois Philip III, king of France (1270-1285)
Denier tournois (1270-1280)
Billon (299 ‰), 1.00 g, diameter 18 mm, die axis 1h30
O: +PhILIPVS.REX; cross pattée
R: +TVRONVS.CIVIS.; châtel tournois
This is the exact continuation of previous denier tournois types.
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Dy.204 Philip III (the Bold): denier tournois Philip III, king of France (1270-1285)
Denier tournois (1270-1280)
Billon (299 ‰), 0.85 g, diameter 19 mm, die axis 11h
O: +PhILIPVS.REX; cross pattée
R: +TVRONVS.CIVIS.; châtel tournois
Another example of this type, quite hard to find in a very good state.
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Dy.213 Philip IV (the Fair): Gros tournois with a round OPhilip IV, king of France (1285-1314)
Gros tournois with a round O (1280-1290)
Silver (958 ‰), 4.07 g, diameter 26 mm, die axis 12h
O: inner circle: +PhILIPPVS REX; cross pattée; outer circle: BNDICTVâ‹®SITâ‹®HOmЄ⋮DNIâ‹®nRIâ‹®DЄIâ‹®IhV.XPI
R: inner circle: +TVRONVS.CIVIS; châtel tournois; outer circle: a circlet of 12 fleur-de-lis
This type was struck during 1280-1285 (end of Philipp III's reign) and 1285-1290 (beginning of Philip IV's reign). The only difference with the Gros tournois of the first part of Philip III's reign is PHILIPPVS, spelled with 2 P intead of 1.
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Dy.214 Philip IV (the Fair): Gros tournois with a long 0Philip IV, king of France (1285-1314)
Gros tournois with long 0 (1290-1295)
Silver (958 ‰), 3.96 g, diameter 26 mm, die axis 11h
O: inner circle: +PhILIPPVS REX; cross pattée; outer circle: BNDICTVâ‹®SITâ‹®HOmЄ⋮DNIâ‹®nRIâ‹®DЄIâ‹®IhV.XPI
R: inner circle: +TVR0NVS CIVIS; châtel tournois; outer circle: a circlet of 12 fleur-de-lis
The only difference between this emission and the previous one is the 0 in TVR0NVS, which is now long instead of round.
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Dy.217 Philip IV (the Fair): Gros tournois with a long 0 and a lilyPhilip IV, king of France (1285-1314)
Gros tournois with long 0 and a lily (1298)
Silver (958 ‰), 3.98 g, diameter 27 mm, die axis 7h
O: inner circle: +PhILIPPVS(ringlet)REX; cross pattée; outer circle: BNDICTVâ‹®SITâ‹®HOmЄ⋮DNIâ‹®nRIâ‹®DЄIâ‹®IhV.XPI
R: inner circle: +TVR0NVS*CIVIS; châtel tournois; outer circle: a circlet of 12 fleur-de-lis
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Dy.219d Philip IV (the Fair): maille tierce with a round OPhilip IV, king of France (1285-1314)
Maille tierce with round O (09/1306)
Silver (958 ‰), 1.27 g, diameter 18.5 mm, die axis 11h
O: inner circle: +PhILIPPVS REX; cross pattée; outer circle: BHDICTV⋮SIT⋮HOmЄn⋮DOmInI
R: inner circle: +TVRONVS CIVIS; châtel tournois; outer circle: a circlet of 10 fleur-de-lis
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Dy.221 Philip IV (the Fair): denier parisis with a round O Philip IV, king of France (1285-1314)
Denier tournois with round O (1280-1290)
Billon (359 ‰), 0.94 g, diameter 19 mm, die axis 7h
O: PhILIPPVS REX; FRA/OCN
R: +PARISIVS CIVIS; croix pattée
This type was struck during 1280-1285 (end of Philipp III's reign) and 1285-1290 (beginning of Philip IV's reign).
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Dy.223 Philip IV (the Fair): denier tournois with a round O Philip IV, king of France (1285-1314)
Denier tournois with round O (1280-1290)
Billon (299 ‰), 1.00 g, diameter 19 mm, die axis 4h
O: +PhILIPPVS REX; cross pattée
R: +TVRONVS CIVIS; châtel tournois
This type was struck during 1280-1285 (end of Philipp III's reign) and 1285-1290 (beginning of Philip IV's reign). The only difference with the denier tournois of the first part of Philip III's reign is PHILIPPVS, spelled with 2 P intead of 1.
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Dy.223A Philip IV (the Fair): denier tournois with a round O Philip IV, king of France (1285-1314)
Denier tournois with round O (1280-1290)
Billon (299 ‰), 1.10 g, diameter 19 mm, die axis 7h
O: +PhILIPPVS REX; cross pattée
R: +TVRONVS•CIVISx; châtel tournois
This type was struck during 1280-1285 (end of Philipp III's reign) and 1285-1290 (beginning of Philip IV's reign). The only difference with the denier tournois of the first part of Philip III's reign is PHILIPPVS, spelled with 2 P intead of 1.
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Dy.224 Philip IV (the Fair): obol tournois with a round O Philip IV, king of France (1285-1314)
Obol tournois with round O (1280-1290)
Billon (270 ‰), 0.55 g, diameter 15 mm, die axis 2h
O: +PhILIPPVS REX; cross pattée
R: +TVRONVS CIVIS; châtel tournois
This type was struck during 1280-1285 (end of Philipp III's reign) and 1285-1290 (beginning of Philip IV's reign).
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Dy.225 Philip IV (the Fair): denier tournois with a long 0Philip IV, king of France (1285-1314)
Denier tournois with long 0 (1290-1295)
Billon (299 ‰), 0.92 g, diameter 18 mm, die axis 9h
O: +PHILIPPVS REX; cross pattée
R: +TVR0NVS CIVIS; châtel tournois
It is exactly the same type as the denier tournois with round O, but with a long 0, as for the Gros tournois.
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Dy.227 Philip IV (the Fair): double parisis, 1st emissionPhilip IV, king of France (1285-1314)
Double parisis, 1st emission (1295-1303)
Billon (480 ‰), 1.28 g, diameter 20 mm, die axis 11h
O: +PhILIPPVS REX; leafy cross
R: +mOnETA DVPLEX: REGA/LIS under a fleur-de-lis
Philip had to face with extensive financial liabilities. He found money expelling Jews, Lombard bankers, arresting Templars and confiscating their properties. He also debased the French coinage and minted quite a large number of successive types and emissions of coins, with varying silver proportions.
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Dy.229 Philip IV (the Fair): double tournois, 1st emissionPhilip IV, king of France (1285-1314)
Double tournois, 1st emission (1295-1303)
Billon (399 ‰), 1.21 g, diameter 21 mm, die axis 12h
O: +PhILIPPVS REX; cross pattée with one fleur-de-lis
R: +mOn DVPLEX REGAL: chatel tournois' pediment with 2 lis
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Dy.233 Philip IV (the Fair): obole bourgeoisePhilip IV, king of France (1285-1314)
Obole bourgeoise (1311)
Billon (270 ‰), 0.59 g, diameter 14-16 mm, die axis 6h
O: +PhILIP-PVS REX; latine cross interrupting the legend
R: BVRGENSIS, under a fleur-de-lis: nOV/VS
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Dy.238 Philip V (the Tall): Gros tournois Philip V, king of France (1316-1322)
Gros tournois (1318)
Silver (958 ‰), 3.93 g, diameter 26mm, die axis 12h
O: inner circle: +PhILIPPVS(hammer)REX; cross pattée; outer circle: BHDICTVâ‹®
SIT⋮HOmЄ⋮DNI⋮nRI⋮DЄI⋮IhV⋮XPI
R: inner circle: +TVRONVS(hammer)CIVIS; châtel tournois;
outer circle: a circlet of 12 fleur-de-lis
At first sight, Philip V's gros tournois are very similar to his father's ones. However, the general style is quite different: Philip V's tournois have a stretched castle, thiner letters with more space between them (especially for TVRONVS CIVIS), n of nOmЄ is an n but not an N) and ⋮ instead of . between IhV and XPI. Moreover, it is commonly thought that a hammer (like here) or a crescent separating TVRONVS/CIVIS and PHILIPPVS/REX is a typical feature of Philip V.
Philip V's gros tournois are scarcer than Philip IV's. His reign was shorter and a silver lack prevented him from minting as much as he wanted. Philip had to forbid the production of silver items like dishes in order to keep silver for minting.
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Dy.243 Charles IV (the Fair): maille blanche, 1st emissionCharles IV, king of France (1322-1328)
Maille blanche, 1st emission (03/02/1324)
Silver (798 ‰), 1.82 g, diameter 22 mm, die axis 2h
O: inner circle: +kAROLVS(diamond)REX; cross pattée; outer circle: BHDICTV⋮SIT#8942nOmЄ⋮DHI⋮nRI
R: inner circle: +FRANChORVm*; châtel tournois; outer circle: a circlet of 10 fleur-de-lis
The h of FRANChORVm is characteristic of the first emission.
Charles was the younger and third son of former king Philip the Fair. He was consequently not supposed to rule. However, as his two brothers successively died without any living son, he became king in 1322. Six years later, he also died without a male heir. So ended up the capetian senior line in 1328.
The legend began then... Jacques de Molay, last Grand Master of the Knights Templar, had cursed King Philip the Fair and his descendants from his execution pyr in 1314. Was the curse finally efficient ?
Charles'cousin, his nearest parent, became then king of France as Philip VI.
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