Image search results - "REPARATIO" |
Constantius II - Majorina - 351/361 - Mint of Sirmio
Ob.: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG; diademed, draped and cuirassed busrt right. Δ in left field
Rev.: FEL TEMP REPARATIO; soldier spearing fallen horseman. In ex ASIRM
gs. 4,4 mm. 24
Cohen 44Maxentius
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Constantius Gallus - Centenionalis - 352/354 A.D. - Mint of Sirmio
Ob.: D N CONSTANTIVS IVN NOB C; draped and cuirassed bust right. A in left field
Rev.: FEL TEMP REPARATIO; soldier spearing fallen horseman. III in left field
gs. 4,6 mm. 23,2
Maxentius
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Constans - AE3 Half Centenionalis. 348-350 AD.
Obv.: D N CONSTANS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped & cuirassed bust right
Rev.: FEL TEMP REPARATIO, phoenix, radiate, standing right on rocky mound,
ASIS V in ex.
Gs. 2,7 mm. 19,6
Cohen 22, RIC 247
Maxentius
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JVLIAN II - AE3 - 355/360 - Aquileia mint
Obv.: D N CL IVLIANVS NOB CAES, draped & cuirassed bust right
Rev.: FEL TEMP REPARATIO, soldier spearing fallen horseman. AQT in ex.
Gs. 2,5 mm. 16,7
RIC 213Maxentius
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Bronze AE 3, RIC 191, VF, 2.417g, 14.8mm, 180o, Antioch mint, 355 - 361 A.D.; obverse D N CONSTAN-TIVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right; reverse FEL TEMP REPARATIO, soldier spearing fallen horseman, M left, ANG in exareich
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Constantius II. AD 337-361. (22mm, 4.27 g, 12h). Contemporary imitation. Uncertain mint, possibly in the Balkans. Struck circa AD 348-351 or later. Pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right / Soldier left, spearing fallen horseman to lower left; shield to right; •ISNSI•. Cf. Sergeev 271-2; for prototype: cf. RIC VIII 81 (Constantinople mint). Good VF, dark brown patina with traces of green. Interesting contemporary imitation of the FEL TEMP REPARATIO type. Quant.Geek
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Barbaric Constantius II. AE4. 355-361 AD.
DN CONSTAN-TIVS PF AVG, pearl-diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right / FEL TEMP-REPARATIO, soldier standing left, foot on shield, spearing fallen horseman, who is wearing a Phrygian helmet and reaching backwardsAntonivs Protti
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Constantius Gallus, Cyzicus. AE18. DN CONSTAN-TIVS NOB CS, bare-headed, draped, cuirassed bust right / FEL TEMP-REPARATIO, soldier standing left, spearing fallen horseman who has no beard, wears Phrygian helmet, reaching backwards. Mintmark SMK epsilon. RIC VIII Cyzicus 107.Antonivs Protti
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Constantius II AE follis D N CONSTAN-TIVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right / FEL TEMP-REPARATIO, soldier spearing fallen horseman who is diademed, bearded, clutching horse's neck. Mintmark ANH.
RIC VIII 187AAntonivs Protti
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Theodosius I. AE2. 379-383 AD. Constantinople. DN THEODO-SIVS PF AVG, pearl diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right / REPARATIO-REIPVB, Emperor standing facing, head left, holding Victory on globe in left hand and raising kneeling woman, sometimes wearing crown or turreted headdress with right hand. Mintmark: CONSA. RIC IX Constantinople 54c.Antonivs Protti
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Gratian, AE2, Arles. 378-383 AD.
DN GRATIA-NVS PF AVG, pearl diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right / REPARATIO REIPVB, Gratian standing front, head left, holding Victory on globe and raising kneeling female on left. Mintmark PCON.
RIC IX Arles 20a.Antonivs Protti
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Magnus Maximus, AE2. Lyons. AD 383-388. DN MAG MAXI-MVS PF AVG, pearl-diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right / REPARATIO-REIPVB, Emperor standing left, holding Victory on globe and raising kneeling, turreted woman. No fieldmark. Mintmark LVGP. RIC IX Lyons 32; Sear 20649.Antonivs Protti
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Constans, Siscia RIC VIII 199Constans, AE 3, Sisica
Obverse: DN CONSTANS PF AVG, pearl diademed and curiassed bust right.
Reverse: FEL TEMP REPARATIO, Emperor standing facing, head left, holding Phoenix on globe and labarum on galley, Victory sits at the helm.
Gamma SIST(symbol 3) in ex. Siscia mint, 18.9 mm, 2.0 g.NORMAN K
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Philip II, 359 - 336 BC. AE18. Struck after 356 BC at an uncertain mint in MacedoniaObverse: No legend. Young male head, usually identified as Apollo, with hair bound in a taenia, facing left.
Reverse: ΦIΛIΠΠOY, Naked rider on horse prancing left, uncertain control mark, often described as the head of a lion, beneath the horse. The control mark looks a bit like the ram on the prow of a galley to me, but that is just my personal opinion.
Diameter: 17.4mm | Weight: 6.9gms | Die Axis: 12
SNG ANS 872 - 874
The bronze series of this type is extensive and differentiated principally by the different control marks. These control marks are symbols and letters which generally appear on the reverse, very occasionally the obverse, of the coin, and they were used to identify the officials responsible for a particular issue of coinage.
Philip II won the horseback race at the 106th Olympics in 356 BC, and it is thought that the horseman on the reverse of this coin commemorates that event.
Philip II of Macedon was King of Macedon from 359 until his death in 336 BC. He was the father of Alexander the Great and Philip III Arrhidaeus. In 357 BC, Philip married Olympias, who was the daughter of the king of the Molossians. Alexander was born in 356 BC, the same year as Philip's horse won at the Olympic Games.
Only Greeks were allowed to participate in the Olympic Games, and Philip was determined to convince his Athenian opposition that he was indeed worthy to be considered Greek. And, after successfully uniting Macedonia and Thessaly, Philip could legitimately participate in the Olympics. In 365 BC Philip entered his horse into the keles, a horseback race in the 106th Olympics, and won. He proceeded to win two more times, winning the four horse chariot race in the 352 BC 107th Olympics and the two horse chariot race in the 348 BC 108th Olympics. These were great victories for Philip because not only had he been admitted officially into the Olympic Games but he had also won, solidifying his standing as a true Greek.
The conquest and political consolidation of most of Greece during Philip's reign was achieved in part by the creation of the Macedonian phalanx which gave him an enormous advantage on the battlefield. After defeating Athens and Thebes at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC Philip II established the League of Corinth, a federation of Greek states, with him at it's head, with the intention of invading the Persian empire. In 336 BC he sent an army of 10,000 men into Asia Minor to make preparations for the invasion by freeing the Greeks living on the western coast and islands from Persian rule. All went well until the news arrived that Philip had been assassinated. The Macedonians were demoralized by Philip's death and were subsequently defeated by Persian forces near Magnesia.
Philip II was murdered in October 336 BC, at Aegae, the ancient capital of the Macedonian kingdom, while he was entering into the town's theatre. He was assassinated by Pausanius, one of his own bodyguards, who was himself slain by three of Philip's other bodyguards. The reasons for Philip's assassination are not now fully known, with many modern historians saying that, on the face of it, none of the ancient accounts which have come down to us appear to be credible.*Alex
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Philip II, 359 - 336 BC. AE18. Struck after 356 BC at an uncertain mint in MacedoniaObverse: No legend. Young male head, usually identified as Apollo, with hair bound in a taenia, facing left.
Reverse: ΦIΛIΠΠOY, Naked rider on horse prancing right, forepart of bull butting right control mark (helmet?) beneath the horse.
Diameter: 19mm | Weight: 6.95gms | Die Axis: 9
GCV: 6699 | Forrer/Weber: 2068
The bronze series of this type is extensive and differentiated principally by the different control marks. These control marks are symbols and letters which generally appear on the reverse, very occasionally the obverse, of the coin, and they were used to identify the officials responsible for a particular issue of coinage.
Philip II won the horseback race at the 106th Olympics in 356 BC, and it is thought that the horseman on the reverse of this coin commemorates this event.
Philip II of Macedon was King of Macedon from 359 until his death in 336 BC. He was the father of Alexander the Great and Philip III Arrhidaeus. In 357 BC, Philip married Olympias, who was the daughter of the king of the Molossians. Alexander was born in 356 BC, the same year as Philip's horse won at the Olympic Games.
The conquest and political consolidation of most of Greece during Philip's reign was achieved in part by the creation of the Macedonian phalanx which gave him an enormous advantage on the battlefield. After defeating Athens and Thebes at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC Philip II established the League of Corinth, a federation of Greek states, with him at it's head, with the intention of invading the Persian empire. In 336 BC, Philip II sent an army of 10,000 men into Asia Minor to make preparations for the invasion by freeing the Greeks living on the western coast and islands from Persian rule. All went well until the news arrived that Philip had been assassinated. The Macedonians were demoralized by Philip's death and were subsequently defeated by Persian forces near Magnesia.
Philip II was murdered in October 336 BC, at Aegae, the ancient capital of the Macedonian kingdom, while he was entering into the town's theatre. He was assassinated by Pausanius, one of his own bodyguards, who was himself slain by three of Philip's other bodyguards. The reasons for Philip's assassination are not now fully known, with many modern historians saying that, on the face of it, none of the ancient accounts which have come down to us appear to be credible.*Alex
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Philip II, 359 - 336. AE18. Struck after 356 BC at an uncertain mint in Macedonia Obverse: No legend. Young male head, usually identified as Apollo, with hair bound in a taenia, facing right.
Reverse: ΦIΛIΠΠOY, Naked rider on horse prancing right, retrograde E control mark beneath the horse.
Diameter: 17.16mm | Weight: 6.09gms | Die Axis: 12
SNG ANS 919 - 920
The bronze series of this type is extensive and differentiated principally by the different control marks. These control marks are symbols and letters which generally appear on the reverse, very occasionally the obverse, of the coin, and they were used to identify the officials responsible for a particular issue of coinage.
Philip II won the horseback race at the 106th Olympics in 356 BC, and it is thought that the horseman on the reverse of this coin commemorates this event.
Philip II of Macedon was King of Macedon from 359 until his death in 336 BC. He was the father of Alexander the Great and Philip III Arrhidaeus. In 357 BC, Philip married Olympias, who was the daughter of the king of the Molossians. Alexander was born in 356 BC, the same year as Philip's horse won at the Olympic Games.
The conquest and political consolidation of most of Greece during Philip's reign was achieved in part by the creation of the Macedonian phalanx which gave him an enormous advantage on the battlefield. After defeating Athens and Thebes at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC Philip II established the League of Corinth, a federation of Greek states, with him at it's head, with the intention of invading the Persian empire. In 336 BC, Philip II sent an army of 10,000 men into Asia Minor to make preparations for the invasion by freeing the Greeks living on the western coast and islands from Persian rule. All went well until the news arrived that Philip had been assassinated. The Macedonians were demoralized by Philip's death and were subsequently defeated by Persian forces near Magnesia.
Philip II was murdered in October 336 BC, at Aegae, the ancient capital of the Macedonian kingdom, while he was entering into the town's theatre. He was assassinated by Pausanius, one of his own bodyguards, who was himself slain by three of Philip's other bodyguards. The reasons for Philip's assassination are not now fully known, with many modern historians saying that, on the face of it, none of the ancient accounts which have come down to us appear to be credible.*Alex
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Philip II, 359 - 336. AE18. Struck after 356 BC at an uncertain mint in MacedoniaObverse: No legend. Young male head, usually identified as Apollo, with hair bound in a taenia, facing right.
Reverse: ΦIΛIΠΠOY, Naked rider on horse prancing left, spearhead control mark beneath the horse.
Diameter: 18.00mm | Weight: 6.00gms | Die Axis: 12
SNG ANS 850 | Mionnet I: 750
The bronze series of this type is extensive and differentiated principally by the different control marks. These control marks are symbols and letters which generally appear on the reverse, very occasionally the obverse, of the coin, and they were used to identify the officials responsible for a particular issue of coinage.
Philip II won the horseback race at the 106th Olympics in 356 BC, and it is thought that the horseman on the reverse of this coin commemorates this event.
Philip II of Macedon was King of Macedon from 359 until his death in 336 BC. He was the father of Alexander the Great and Philip III Arrhidaeus. In 357 BC, Philip married Olympias, who was the daughter of the king of the Molossians. Alexander was born in 356 BC, the same year as Philip's horse won at the Olympic Games.
The conquest and political consolidation of most of Greece during Philip's reign was achieved in part by the creation of the Macedonian phalanx which gave him an enormous advantage on the battlefield. After defeating Athens and Thebes at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC Philip II established the League of Corinth, a federation of Greek states, with him at it's head, with the intention of invading the Persian empire. In 336 BC, Philip II sent an army of 10,000 men into Asia Minor to make preparations for the invasion by freeing the Greeks living on the western coast and islands from Persian rule. All went well until the news arrived that Philip had been assassinated. The Macedonians were demoralized by Philip's death and were subsequently defeated by Persian forces near Magnesia.
Philip II was murdered in October 336 BC, at Aegae, the ancient capital of the Macedonian kingdom, while he was entering into the town's theatre. He was assassinated by Pausanius, one of his own bodyguards, who was himself slain by three of Philip's other bodyguards. The reasons for Philip's assassination are not now fully known, with many modern historians saying that, on the face of it, none of the ancient accounts which have come down to us appear to be credible.*Alex
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Constantius II RIC VIII 84 NicomediaSilvered AE 22
Obverse: DN CONSTAN-TIVS PF AVG: pearl diademed, draped bust right.
Reverse: FEL TEMP REPARATIO, soldier spearing a fallen horseman who is bearded, wears cap, reaching backwards.
Dot SMNA gamma ex. Gamma in left field.
RIC VIII 84 Nicomedia. 21.81 mm., 4.8 g.
sold 4-2018NORMAN K
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Constantius II RIC VIII 93a CyzicusConstantius II, AE 3 of Cyzicus, 324-361 CE
Obverse: DN CONSTAN-TIVS PF AVG, pearl diademed, draped, curiassed bust right.
Reverse: FEL TEMP-REPARATIO, soldier spearing fallen horseman who is wearing a Phrygian helmet, reaching backwards. Γ Symbol in left field
Mintmark SMK delta, 22.8 mm., 5.2 g.NORMAN K
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CONSTANTIUS II, RIC VIII 189d ThessalonicaObverse: DN CONSTANTIVS PF AVG. Pearl diademed draped and cuirassed bust right.
Reverse: FEL TEMP REPARATIO. Soldier spearing fallen horseman who is bare headed and reaching backwards. Delta in left field.
SMTS in ex. Thessalonica 17.1 mm diam. 2.6 g.NORMAN K
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Constantius II, Siscia RIC VIII 369Constantius II, AE 3 of Siscia
Obverse: DN CONSTAN-TIVS PF AVG, pearl diademed, draped, curiassed bust right.
Reverse: FEL TEMP-REPARATIO, soldier spearing fallen horseman who is wearing a Phrygian helmet, reaching backwards, M in left field.
Mintmark SIS, Siscia, 16 mm,1.9 g.NORMAN K
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Procopius AE3, 365 CE.Obverse: D N PROCO-PIVS P F AVG, diademed, draped and cuirassed bust left.
Reverse: REPARATIO FEL TEMP, Emperor standing facing, head right, holding labarum in right hand and resting left hand on shield. Chi-ro at top right.
Uncertain mint, 17.2 mm, 2.4 g.NORMAN K
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Constans, RIC VIII 199a SisciaConstans, AE 4,
Obverse: DN CONSTANS PF AVG, diademed, draped & cuirassed bust right.
Reverse: FEL TEMP REPARATIO, Emperor standing facing, head left, holding Phoenix on globe and holding a labarum on galley. Victory sits on helm.
Mintmark episilon SIS (symbol1) in ex. Siscia. 17 mm, 2.0 g.
NORMAN K
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Constantius II, RIC 314 T, Rome.Obverse: DN CONSTAN-TIVS PF AVG, pearl diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right
Reverse: FEL TEMP-REPARATIO, soldier standing left, spearing fallen horseman who is bare headed , reaching backwards.
Mintmark: R dot M dot T
RIC VIII Rome 314, 18.9 mm., 2.2 g
NORMAN K
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Constantius II, Siscia RIC VIII 369g, 324-361 CEConstantius II, AE 3 of Siscia
Obverse: DN CONSTAN-TIVS PF AVG, pearl diademed, draped, curiassed bust right.
Reverse: FEL TEMP-REPARATIO, soldier spearing fallen horseman who is wearing a Phrygian helmet, reaching backwards.
Mintmark gamma SIS reversed Z, Siscia, 19.08 mm, 2.1 g.NORMAN K
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Green Constantius II 337-361 A.D.Diademed (pearls), draped and cuirassed, bust of Constantius II facing right. Obverse inscription reades DNCONSTANTIVSPFAVG. Reverse is of a standing soldier facing right and spearing a falling horseman. Reverse inscription reads FELTEMPREPARATIO.cwonsidler
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Julian II RIC 370 Siscia, 355-360 CEObverse: DN IVLIANVS NOB CAES, bare-headed, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Reverse: FEL TEMP-REPARATIO, soldier standing left, spearing fallen horseman who is wearing Phrygian helmet, reaching backwards, M to left, DSIS-Zigzag in ex
RIC VIII Siscia 370, 16.9 mm., 2.2 g.NORMAN K
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Julian II, RIC VIII 315 RomeJulian II, AE, Rome.
Obverse: DN CL IVL IVLIANVS NC, bare-headed, cuirassed bust right.
Reverse: FEL TEMP REPARATIO, soldier standing left, one kneeraised, spearing a fallen horseman who is looking left,reaching backwards, wearing Phrygian helmet.
Mintmark R dot M dot S. 16mm, 2.4 g.
NORMAN K
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Julian II, RIC VIII 376 SisciaJulian II "the Apostate," February 360 - 26 June 363 A.D.
Bronze AE 3, as Caesar 355 - 361 A.D.; Obverse: D N IVLIANVS NOB CAES, cuirassed bust right
Reverse FEL TEMP REPARATIO, soldier spearing fallen horseman, M in left field, pellet in right.
ΔSISD in ex.,RIC VIII 376 Siscia mint, 2.2g, 16.9mm, scarceNORMAN K
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Magnus Maximus, RIC VIII 26a Arles, 383-388 CE.Magnus Maximus AE2
Obverse: D N MAG MAXIMVS P F AVG, pearl diademed, draped & cuirassed bust right.
Reverse: REPARATIO REIPB, Emperor standing left, raising kneeling woman.
PCOM in ex. Arles mint, 21.9 mm, 4.4 g.NORMAN K
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Theodosius I, RIC IX 54c ConstantinopleBronze AE2, 378-382 CE.
Obverse: D N THEODOSIVS P F AVG, pearl diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Reverse: REPARATIO REIPVB, Emperor standing left raising up kneeling woman with turret with right hand & holding Victory on a globe.
CON in ex. Constantinople mint 24 mm, 3.7 g.NORMAN K
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Valentinian II, AE2, Arles, Ric 20, 378-383 CE.Obverse: DN VALENTINIANVS IVN PF AVG, pearl diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right.
Reverse: REPARATIO REIPVB, Emperor standing front, offering hand to kneeling woman, on left hand he holds a globe with Victory on top
PCON in ex. Arles mint, 23.3 mm, 4.6 g.NORMAN K
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Valentinian II, AE2, Thessalonica RIC 37bObverse: DN VALENTINIANVS PF AVG, diademed, cuirassed bust right.
Reverse: REPARATIO REIPVB, Emperor standing front, offering hand to kneeling woman, on left-hand he holds a globe with Victor on top.
SMTS in ex, Thessalonica mint. 23.8mm, 4.3g.NORMAN K
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Valentinian II, RIC IX 26b Siscia, 378-383 CE
Valentinian II, AE2 of Siscia
Obverse: DN VALENTINIANVS IVN PF AVG, pearl diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right.
Reverse: REPARATIO-REIPVB, emperor standing left, holding Victory on globe, raising woman kneeling right before him.
Mintmark star BSISC dot.
RIC IX Siscia 26b; Sear 20276. 23.1 mm., 4.5 g.NORMAN K
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RIC.28a Gratian (AE2, Reparatio Reipvb)Gratian, western roman emperor (367-383)
Maiorina AE2: Reparatio Reipvb (378-383, Lyon)
bronze, 22 mm diameter, 4.56 g, die axis: 12 h
A/ D N GRATIA-NVS P F AVG; pearl diademed, draped & cuirassed bust right
R/ REPARATIO - REIPVB / LVG? in exergue; emperor standing facing left, with right hand raising kneeled turreted woman, and holding Victory on globe in left hand
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RIC.26b4 Valentinian II (AE2, Reparatio Reipvb)Valentinian II, western roman emperor (375-392)
Maiorina pecunia AE2 : Reparatio Reipvb (383-388, Siscia mint)
bronze, 23 mm diameter, 5,76 g, die axis: 8 h,
A/ D N VALENTINIANVS IVN P F AVG; pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right
R/ REPARATIO-REIPVB / BSISC. in exergue; emperor standing facing left, with right hand raising kneeled turreted woman, and holding Victory on globe in left hand
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RIC.26a1 Magnus Maximus (AE2, Reparatio Reipvb)Magnus Maximus, usurpor (383-384), western roman emperor (384-388)
Maiorina pecunia AE2 : Reparatio Reipvb (383-388, Arles mint)
bronze, 23 mm diameter, 4.23 g, die axis: 5 h
A/ D N MAG MAXI-MVS P F AVG; pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right
R/ REPARATIO-REIPVB / PCON in exergue, C in the field; emperor standing facing left, with right hand raising kneeled turreted woman, and holding Victory on globe in left hand
RIC.IX 26.a.1(C)
Ferrando II 1669 (C4)
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RIC.26a2 Magnus Maximus (AE2, Reparatio Reipvb)Magnus Maximus, usurpor (383-384), western roman emperor (384-388)
Maiorina pecunia AE2 : Reparatio Reipvb (383-388, Arles mint)
bronze, 21 mm diameter, 5.04 g, die axis: 1 h
A/ D N MAG MAXI-MVS P F AVG; pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right
R/ REPARATIO-REIPVB / SCON in exergue, C in the field; emperor standing facing left, with right hand raising kneeled turreted woman, and holding Victory on globe in left hand
RIC.IX 26.a.2(C)
Ferrando II 1670 (C4)
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RIC.32.(6 or 7) Magnus Maximus (AE2, Reparatio Reipvb)Magnus Maximus, usurpor (383-384), western roman emperor (384-388)
Maiorina pecunia AE2 : Reparatio Reipvb (383-388, Lyon mint)
bronze, 23 mm diameter, 3.95 g, die axis: 7 h,
A/ D N MAG MAXI-MVS P F AVG; pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right
R/ REPARATIO-REIPVB / LVG? in exergue, C in the field; emperor standing facing left, with right hand raising kneeled turreted woman, and holding Victory on globe in left hand
RIC.IX 32.(6 ou 7)(S)
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RIC.85 Magnus Maximus (AE2, Reparatio Reipvb)Magnus Maximus, usurpor (383-384), western roman emperor (384-388)
Maiorina pecunia AE2 : Reparatio Reipvb (383-388, Trèves mint)
bronze, 23 mm diameter, 5.23 g, die axis: 7 h,
A/ D N MAG MAX-IMVS P F AVG; pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right
R/ REPARATIO-REIPVB / SMTRP; emperor standing facing left, with right hand raising kneeled turreted woman, and holding Victory on globe in left hand
RIC.IX 85.1(S)
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"As de Nîmes" or "crocodile" Ӕ dupondius of Nemausus (9 - 3 BC), honoring Augustus and AgrippaIMP DIVI F , Heads of Agrippa (left) and Augustus (right) back to back, Agrippa wearing rostral crown and Augustus the oak-wreath / COL NEM, crocodile right chained to palm-shoot with short dense fronds and tip right; two short palm offshoots left and right below, above on left a wreath with two long ties streaming right.
Ó”, 24.5 x 3+ mm, 13.23g, die axis 3h; on both sides there are remains of what appears to be gold plating, perhaps it was a votive offering? Rough edges and slight scrapes on flan typical for this kind of coin, due to primitive technology (filing) of flan preparation.
IMPerator DIVI Filius. Mint of COLonia NEMausus (currently Nîmes, France). Known as "As de Nîmes", it is actually a dupontius (lit. "two-pounder") = 2 ases (sometimes cut in halves to get change). Dupondii were often made out of a golden-colored copper alloy (type of brass) "orichalcum" and this appears to be such case.
Key ID points: oak-wreath (microphotography shows that at least one leaf has a complicated shape, although distinguishing oak from laurel is very difficult) – earlier versions have Augustus bareheaded, no PP on obverse as in later versions, no NE ligature, palm with short fronds with tip right (later versions have tip left and sometimes long fronds). Not typical: no clear laurel wreath together with the rostral crown, gold (?) plating (!), both features really baffling.
But still clearly a "middle" kind of the croc dupondius, known as "type III": RIC I 158, RPC I 524, Sear 1730. It is often conservatively dated to 10 BC - 10 AD, but these days it is usually narrowed to 9/8 - 3 BC.
It is a commemorative issue, honoring the victory over Mark Antony and conquest of Egypt in 30 BC. The heads of Augustus and Agrippa were probably positioned to remind familiar obverses of Roman republican coins with two-faced Janus. Palm branch was a common symbol of victory, in this case grown into a tree, like the victories of Augustus and Agrippa grown into the empire. The two offshoots at the bottom may mean two sons of Agrippa, Gaius and Lucius, who were supposed to be Augustus' heirs and were patrons of the colony. Palm may also be a symbol of the local Nemausian deity, which was probably worshiped in a sacred grove. When these coins were minted, the colony was mostly populated by the settled veterans of Augustus' campaigns, hence the reminiscence of the most famous victory, but some of the original Celtic culture probably survived and was assimilated by Romans. The crocodile is not only the symbol of Egypt, like in the famous Octavian's coins AEGYPTO CAPTA. It is also a representation of Mark Antony, powerful and scary both in water and on land, but a bit slow and stupid. The shape of the crocodile with tail up was specifically chosen to remind of the shape of ship on very common "legionary" denarius series, which Mark Antony minted to pay his armies just before Actium. It is probably also related to the popular contemporary caricature of Cleopatra, riding on and simultaneously copulating with a crocodile, holding a palm branch in her hand as if in triumph. There the crocodile also symbolized Mark Antony.
Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa was born c. 64-62 BC somewhere in rural Italy. His family was of humble and plebeian origins, but rich, of equestrian rank. Agrippa was about the same age as Octavian, and the two were educated together and became close friends. He probably first served in Caesar's Spanish campaign of 46–45 BC. Caesar regarded him highly enough to send him with Octavius in 45 BC to train in Illyria. When Octavian returned to Rome after Caesar's assassination, Agrippa became his close lieutenant, performing many tasks. He probably started his political career in 43 BC as a tribune of the people and then a member of the Senate. Then he was one of the leading Octavian's generals, finally becoming THE leading general and admiral in the civil wars of the subsequent years.
In 38 as a governor of Transalpine Gaul Agrippa undertook an expedition to Germania, thus becoming the first Roman general since Julius Caesar to cross the Rhine. During this foray he helped the Germanic tribe of Ubii (who previously allied themselves with Caesar in 55 BC) to resettle on the west bank of the Rhine. A shrine was dedicated there, possibly to Divus Caesar whom Ubii fondly remembered, and the village became known as Ara Ubiorum, "Altar of Ubians". This quickly would become an important Roman settlement. Agrippina the Younger, Agrippa's granddaughter, wife of Emperor Claudius and mother of Emperor Nero, would be born there in 15 AD. In 50 AD she would sponsor this village to be upgraded to a colonia, and it would be renamed Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium (colony of Claudius [at] the Altar of Agrippinians – Ubii renamed themselves as Agrippinians to honor the augusta!), abbreviated as CCAA, later to become the capital of new Roman province, Germania Inferior.
In 37 BC Octavian recalled Agrippa back to Rome and arranged for him to win the consular elections, he desperately needed help in naval warfare with Sextus Pompey, the youngest son of Pompey the Great, who styled himself as the last supporter of the republican cause, but in reality became a pirate king, an irony since his father was the one who virtually exterminated piracy in all the Roman waters. He forced humiliating armistice on the triumvirs in 39 BC and when Octavian renewed the hostilities a year later, defeated him in a decisive naval battle of Messina. New fleet had to be built and trained, and Agrippa was the man for the job. Agrippa's solution was creating a huge secret naval base he called Portus Iulius by connecting together lakes Avernus, Avernus and the natural inner and outer harbors behind Cape Misenum at the northern end of the Gulf of Naples. He also created a larger type of ship and developed a new naval weapon: harpax – a ballista-launched grapnel shot with mechanisms that allowed pulling enemy ships close for easy boarding. It replaced the previous boarding device that Romans used since the First Punic War, corvus – effective, but extremely cumbersome. A later defence against it were scythe blades on long poles for cutting ropes, but since this invention was developed in secret, the enemy had no chance to prepare anything like it. It all has proved extremely effective: in a series of naval engagements Agrippa annihilated the fleet of Sextus, forced him to abandon his bases and run away. For this Agrippa was awarded an unprecedented honour that no Roman before or after him received: a rostral crown, "corona rostrata", a wreath decorated in front by a prow and beak of a ship.
That's why Virgil (Aeneid VIII, 683-684), describing Agrippa at Actium, says: "…belli insigne superbum, tempora navali fulgent rostrata corona." "…the proud military decoration, gleams on his brow the naval rostral crown". Actium, the decisive battle between forces of Octavian and Mark Antony, may appear boring compared to the war with Sextus, but it probably turned out this way due to Agrippa's victories in preliminary naval engagements and taking over all the strategy from Octavian.
In between the wars Agrippa has shown an unusual talent in city planning, not only constructing many new public buildings etc., but also greatly improving Rome's sanitation by doing a complete overhaul of all the aqueducts and sewers. Typically, it was Augustus who later would boast that "he had found the city of brick but left it of marble", forgetting that, just like in his naval successes, it was Agrippa who did most of the work. Agrippa had building programs in other Roman cities as well, a magnificent temple (currently known as Maison Carrée) survives in Nîmes itself, which was probably built by Agrippa.
Later relationship between Augustus and Agrippa seemed colder for a while, Agrippa seemed to even go into "exile", but modern historians agree that it was just a ploy: Augustus wanted others to think that Agrippa was his "rival" while in truth he was keeping a significant army far away from Rome, ready to come to the rescue in case Augustus' political machinations fail. It is confirmed by the fact that later Agrippa was recalled and given authority almost equal to Augustus himself, not to mention that he married Augustus' only biological child. The last years of Agrippa's life were spent governing the eastern provinces, were he won respect even of the Jews. He also restored Crimea to Roman Empire. His last service was starting the conquest of the upper Danube, were later the province of Pannonia would be. He suddenly died of illness in 12 BC, aged ~51.
Agrippa had several children through his three marriages. Through some of his children, Agrippa would become ancestor to many subsequent members of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. He has numerous other legacies.Yurii P
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
AE 17 MM
O: DN CONSTANTIVS PF AVG; BUST R
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO; SOLDIER SPEARING FALLEN HORSEMAN REACHING BACK, D IN LEFT FIELD; SCON IN EXE
ARLES MINTlaney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
Struck 347 - 355 AD
AE 20 mm max. 4.59 g
O: DN CONSTANTIVS PF AVG, diad dr cuir bust r, D behind
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO, soldier speAring fallen horseman reaching back
ANB IN EXE
ANTIOCHlaney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
AE 22 mm 5.03 g
O: DN CONSTANTIVS PF AVG, diad dr cuir bust r
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO, soldier spearing helmeted fallen horseman who is sitting on ground reaching out, A in left fieldlaney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
337 - 361 AD
CONSTANTIUS II
AE 21 mm 4.02 g
O: DN CONSTANTIVS PF AVG, diad dr cuir bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO, soldier spearing fallen horseman who clutches horse's neck; DOT S Dot in left field; star to left of soldier
ALEXANDRIAlaney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
Struck 350 - 355 AD
AE 25 mm 5.05 g
O: DN CONSTANTIVS PF AVG, diad dr cuir bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO, soldier spearing fallen horseman who turns face soldier and extends l. arm; Gamma in left field.
ANAI in exe.
Antiochia ANA I = Antiochia 10th officina
RIC VIII, ANTIOCHIA 132, LRBC 2625laney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
337 - 361 AD
AE 18 mm 2.30 g
Obv: DN CONSTANTIVS PF AVG, pearl diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right
Rev: FEL TEMP REPARATIO, soldier spearing fallen
horseman who is bare-headed, bearded, reaching backwards.
mintmark CONSIA
Constantinoplelaney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
AE 22 mm 4.58 g
O: DN CONSTAN TIVS PF AVG, pearl diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust left, holding globe in right hand.
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO, Emperor in military standing left, holding labarum and resting left hand on shield; two captives in front of Emperor
ANA in exe
Antioch Mint, RIC VIII 125laney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
AE 21.5 mm 4.87 g
O: D N CONSTAN TIVS P F AVG, Pearl-diademed, draped, cuirassed bust left, holding globe in right hand.
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO, Emperor in military dress standing left, holding labarum and resting left hand on shield; two captives kneeling before; ANA in exe
Antioch mint; RIC VIII 125 laney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
AE 17 mm, 4.95 g
O: DN CONSTANTIVS P F AVG, diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO soldier advancing left holding shield and spearing a fallen horseman; S in left field
Antiochlaney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
Struck 348 - 351 AD
AE Centenionalis 23 mm, 5.07 g
O: D N CONSTAN-TIVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO, soldier spearing fallen horseman, G left, CONSA* in exergue.
Constantinople Mintlaney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
Struck 351 - 355 AD
Ae Centenionalis 22 mm, 5.09 g
O: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG - Diademed (pearl-diadem), draped and cuirassed bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO - Soldier spearing fallen horseman left; SMHA in exergue with Γ in upper left field.
Heraclea mint; SR-4003v (4th ed), RIC VIII 82laney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD as Caesar
337 - 361 AD as Augustus
struck ca 348 - 361 AD
AE 20 X 21 mm 4.08 g
O: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG bust left holding globe
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO helmeted soldier walking right, with head left, leading young barbarian out of hut; tree behind.laney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD as Caesar
337 - 361 AD as Augustus
struck 348 - 351 AD
AE 18.5 mm 1.97 g
O: CONSTANTIVS PF AVG bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO Constantius on galley , left, holding phoenix on globe, and holding chi rho banner; Victory in stern. TESC in exe.
Thessalonicalaney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD as Caesar
337 - 361 AD as Augustus
AE 17 mm 2.44 g
O: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG diademed draped cuirassed bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO radiate phoenix on globe; SMHG in exe.
Heraclea mintlaney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
AE 18 mm, 2.98 g
O: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG diademed draped cuirassed bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO soldier advancing left and spearing a fallen horseman; dot M in left fieldlaney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
AE 18 mm, 1.96 g
O: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG diademed draped cuirassed bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO soldier advancing left and spearing a fallen horseman
Alexandria mintlaney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
AE 18 mm, 1.96 g
O: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG diademed draped cuirassed bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO soldier advancing left and spearing a fallen horseman; II in left field; AQS in exe.
Aquileia mintlaney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
AE 18 mm, 1.96 g
O: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG diademed draped cuirassed bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO soldier advancing left and spearing a fallen horseman
Alexandria mintlaney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
AE 17 mm 2.14 g
O: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG diademed draped cuirassed bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO soldier advancing left and spearing a fallen horseman; M in left field
Arles mintlaney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
AE 16 mm
O: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG diademed draped cuirassed bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO soldier advancing left and spearing a fallen horseman
Rome mintlaney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
19 mm 2.71 g
O: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG diademed draped cuirassed bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO soldier advancing left and spearing a fallen horseman; FPLG in exe.
RIC 184 (scarce to rare)
Lyons mintlaney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
17 mm 4.95 g
O: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG diademed draped cuirassed bust right
R: FEL TEMPO REPARATIO soldier advancing left and spearing a fallen horseman; S in left fieldlaney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
AE 18.5 mm, 2.92 g
O: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG diademed draped cuirassed bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO SOLDIER SPEARING FALLEN HORSEMAN, G to left of spear; SMTS in exe.
Thessalonica mint
laney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
AE 17.5 mm 2.57 g
O: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG bust right
R: FEL TEMPO REPARATIO soldier spearing fallen horseman; G in left field; SMHA in exe
Heraclea
cf RIC VIII 82laney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
22 mm; 4.53 g
O: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG diademed draped cuirassed bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO soldier spearing fallen horseman; G to left of spear and dot to right of spear
Constantinople mint
laney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
AE 18.5 mm max. 1.96 g
O: D N CONSTAN-TIVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right
R: FEL TEMP-REPARATIO, helmeted soldier to left, shield on left arm, spearing fallen horseman who is wearing Phrygian helmet, turning to face soldier and extending right arm.
D in left field; SCON in exe.
Arles mint; cf RIC VIII Arles 215
laney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
AE 17.5 mm 2.31 g
O: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG diademed draped cuirassed bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO soldier spearing fallen horseman; "M" in left field
Sirmium mint
laney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
AE 17 X 19 mm, 3.21 g
22 mm; 4.53 g
O: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG diademed draped cuirassed bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO soldier spearing fallen horseman; CONSI in exe.
Constantinople mintlaney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
AE 17 mm, 2.08 g
O: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG diademed draped cuirassed bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO soldier advancing left and spearing a fallen horseman
Rome mint laney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
AE 18 mm, 1.96 g
O: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG diademed draped cuirassed bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO soldier advancing left and spearing a fallen horseman
RP branch in exe.
Rome mintlaney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
AE 18.5 mm, 3.04g
O: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG diademed draped cuirassed bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO soldier advancing left and spearing a fallen horseman; BSIS in exe
Siscia mintlaney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
AE 17.5 mm, 2.04 g
O: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG diademed draped cuirassed bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO soldier advancing left and spearing a fallen horseman; E in left field; SMTS in exe.
Thessalonica mintlaney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
AE 17.5 mm, 2.57 g
O: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG diademed draped cuirassed bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO soldier advancing left and spearing a fallen horsemanlaney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
AE 17.5mm 1.89 g
O: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG diademed draped cuirassed bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO soldier advancing left and spearing a fallen horseman; SCON in exe.
Arles mintlaney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
AE 15 X 17.5 mm, 2.24 g
O: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG diademed draped cuirassed bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO soldier advancing left and spearing a fallen horseman; D in left field; SMTS in exe.
Thessalonica mintlaney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
AE 15.6 mm, 2.28 g
O: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG diademed draped cuirassed bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO soldier advancing left and spearing a fallen horseman; E in left field; CONSB in exe.
Constantinople mintlaney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
AE 18.5 mm max., 2.02 g
O: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG diademed draped cuirassed bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO soldier advancing left and spearing a fallen horseman; BSIRM in exe.
Sirmium mintlaney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
AE 17.5 mm max., 2.97 g
O: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG diademed draped cuirassed bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO soldier advancing left and spearing a fallen horseman; Dot to left of soldier; CONSA in exe.
Constantinople mintlaney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
AE 16.5 mm, 2.21 g
O: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG diademed draped cuirassed bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO soldier advancing left and spearing a fallen horseman; M to left of soldier; SCON in exe.
Arles mintlaney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
AE 17.5mm 2.45 g
O: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG diademed draped cuirassed bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO soldier advancing left and spearing a fallen horseman; M in left field; GSISD in exe.
RIC VIII Siscia 372
Siscia mintlaney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
AE 19 mm 2.05 g
O: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG diademed draped cuirassed bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO soldier advancing left and spearing a fallen horseman; D in left field; SMTS in exe.
Thessalonica mintlaney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
Struck 348 - 351 AD
AE Centenionalis 17.5 mm, 1.47 g
O: D N CONSTAN-TIVS P F AVG, diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO, soldier spearing fallen horsemanlaney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II(0324) CONSTANTIUS II
324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
AE 18 mm, 2.43 g
O: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG diademed draped cuirassed bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO SOLDIER SPEARING FALLEN HORSEMAN, G to left of spear; SMTS in exe.
Thessalonica mintlaney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
AE 20.5 mm max., 3.17 g
O: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG diademed draped cuirassed bust right, D behind
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO soldier advancing left and spearing a fallen horseman; A beneath horse; BSIRM in exe.
Sirmium mintlaney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II(0324) CONSTANTIUS II
324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
Struck 348 - 351 AD
AE Centenionalis 20 mm, 2.27 g
O: D N CONSTAN-TIVS P F AVG, Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO, soldier spearing fallen horseman, D left
Constantinople Mintlaney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
AE 18 mm, 3.46 g
O: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG diademed draped cuirassed bust right
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO soldier advancing left and spearing a fallen horseman
Rome mintlaney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
AE 17 mm 2.27 g
O: DN CONSTANTIVS PF AVG; BUST R
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO; SOLDIER SPEARING FALLEN HORSEMAN REACHING BACK
SISCIA MINTlaney
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