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SicilyGreek colonies dotted the island of Sicily from about the mid-8th C. BC onward, sometimes conflicting with the native tribes (Sikels to the east, Sikanians in central Sicily, and Elymians to the west) and several Phoenician colonies. The largest issuance of coinage by the city-states often came amidst conflict among themselves and later arrivals, the Carthaginians and Romans. While Greek coin types and denominations predominated, the local litra and its fractions of onkiai survived down to the Roman conquest in 212 BC, when local striking withered. Major mints include Akragas, Gela, Himera, Kamarina, Katane, Leontini, Messene, Naxos, Segesta, Selinos, Syracuse, and the siculo-punic mints of Entella and Lilybaion.
Anaximander
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"As de Nîmes" or "crocodile" Ӕ dupondius of Nemausus (9 - 3 BC), honoring Augustus and AgrippaIMP DIVI F , Heads of Agrippa (left) and Augustus (right) back to back, Agrippa wearing rostral crown and Augustus the oak-wreath / COL NEM, crocodile right chained to palm-shoot with short dense fronds and tip right; two short palm offshoots left and right below, above on left a wreath with two long ties streaming right.
Ó”, 24.5 x 3+ mm, 13.23g, die axis 3h; on both sides there are remains of what appears to be gold plating, perhaps it was a votive offering? Rough edges and slight scrapes on flan typical for this kind of coin, due to primitive technology (filing) of flan preparation.
IMPerator DIVI Filius. Mint of COLonia NEMausus (currently Nîmes, France). Known as "As de Nîmes", it is actually a dupontius (lit. "two-pounder") = 2 ases (sometimes cut in halves to get change). Dupondii were often made out of a golden-colored copper alloy (type of brass) "orichalcum" and this appears to be such case.
Key ID points: oak-wreath (microphotography shows that at least one leaf has a complicated shape, although distinguishing oak from laurel is very difficult) – earlier versions have Augustus bareheaded, no PP on obverse as in later versions, no NE ligature, palm with short fronds with tip right (later versions have tip left and sometimes long fronds). Not typical: no clear laurel wreath together with the rostral crown, gold (?) plating (!), both features really baffling.
But still clearly a "middle" kind of the croc dupondius, known as "type III": RIC I 158, RPC I 524, Sear 1730. It is often conservatively dated to 10 BC - 10 AD, but these days it is usually narrowed to 9/8 - 3 BC.
It is a commemorative issue, honoring the victory over Mark Antony and conquest of Egypt in 30 BC. The heads of Augustus and Agrippa were probably positioned to remind familiar obverses of Roman republican coins with two-faced Janus. Palm branch was a common symbol of victory, in this case grown into a tree, like the victories of Augustus and Agrippa grown into the empire. The two offshoots at the bottom may mean two sons of Agrippa, Gaius and Lucius, who were supposed to be Augustus' heirs and were patrons of the colony. Palm may also be a symbol of the local Nemausian deity, which was probably worshiped in a sacred grove. When these coins were minted, the colony was mostly populated by the settled veterans of Augustus' campaigns, hence the reminiscence of the most famous victory, but some of the original Celtic culture probably survived and was assimilated by Romans. The crocodile is not only the symbol of Egypt, like in the famous Octavian's coins AEGYPTO CAPTA. It is also a representation of Mark Antony, powerful and scary both in water and on land, but a bit slow and stupid. The shape of the crocodile with tail up was specifically chosen to remind of the shape of ship on very common "legionary" denarius series, which Mark Antony minted to pay his armies just before Actium. It is probably also related to the popular contemporary caricature of Cleopatra, riding on and simultaneously copulating with a crocodile, holding a palm branch in her hand as if in triumph. There the crocodile also symbolized Mark Antony.
Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa was born c. 64-62 BC somewhere in rural Italy. His family was of humble and plebeian origins, but rich, of equestrian rank. Agrippa was about the same age as Octavian, and the two were educated together and became close friends. He probably first served in Caesar's Spanish campaign of 46–45 BC. Caesar regarded him highly enough to send him with Octavius in 45 BC to train in Illyria. When Octavian returned to Rome after Caesar's assassination, Agrippa became his close lieutenant, performing many tasks. He probably started his political career in 43 BC as a tribune of the people and then a member of the Senate. Then he was one of the leading Octavian's generals, finally becoming THE leading general and admiral in the civil wars of the subsequent years.
In 38 as a governor of Transalpine Gaul Agrippa undertook an expedition to Germania, thus becoming the first Roman general since Julius Caesar to cross the Rhine. During this foray he helped the Germanic tribe of Ubii (who previously allied themselves with Caesar in 55 BC) to resettle on the west bank of the Rhine. A shrine was dedicated there, possibly to Divus Caesar whom Ubii fondly remembered, and the village became known as Ara Ubiorum, "Altar of Ubians". This quickly would become an important Roman settlement. Agrippina the Younger, Agrippa's granddaughter, wife of Emperor Claudius and mother of Emperor Nero, would be born there in 15 AD. In 50 AD she would sponsor this village to be upgraded to a colonia, and it would be renamed Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium (colony of Claudius [at] the Altar of Agrippinians – Ubii renamed themselves as Agrippinians to honor the augusta!), abbreviated as CCAA, later to become the capital of new Roman province, Germania Inferior.
In 37 BC Octavian recalled Agrippa back to Rome and arranged for him to win the consular elections, he desperately needed help in naval warfare with Sextus Pompey, the youngest son of Pompey the Great, who styled himself as the last supporter of the republican cause, but in reality became a pirate king, an irony since his father was the one who virtually exterminated piracy in all the Roman waters. He forced humiliating armistice on the triumvirs in 39 BC and when Octavian renewed the hostilities a year later, defeated him in a decisive naval battle of Messina. New fleet had to be built and trained, and Agrippa was the man for the job. Agrippa's solution was creating a huge secret naval base he called Portus Iulius by connecting together lakes Avernus, Avernus and the natural inner and outer harbors behind Cape Misenum at the northern end of the Gulf of Naples. He also created a larger type of ship and developed a new naval weapon: harpax – a ballista-launched grapnel shot with mechanisms that allowed pulling enemy ships close for easy boarding. It replaced the previous boarding device that Romans used since the First Punic War, corvus – effective, but extremely cumbersome. A later defence against it were scythe blades on long poles for cutting ropes, but since this invention was developed in secret, the enemy had no chance to prepare anything like it. It all has proved extremely effective: in a series of naval engagements Agrippa annihilated the fleet of Sextus, forced him to abandon his bases and run away. For this Agrippa was awarded an unprecedented honour that no Roman before or after him received: a rostral crown, "corona rostrata", a wreath decorated in front by a prow and beak of a ship.
That's why Virgil (Aeneid VIII, 683-684), describing Agrippa at Actium, says: "…belli insigne superbum, tempora navali fulgent rostrata corona." "…the proud military decoration, gleams on his brow the naval rostral crown". Actium, the decisive battle between forces of Octavian and Mark Antony, may appear boring compared to the war with Sextus, but it probably turned out this way due to Agrippa's victories in preliminary naval engagements and taking over all the strategy from Octavian.
In between the wars Agrippa has shown an unusual talent in city planning, not only constructing many new public buildings etc., but also greatly improving Rome's sanitation by doing a complete overhaul of all the aqueducts and sewers. Typically, it was Augustus who later would boast that "he had found the city of brick but left it of marble", forgetting that, just like in his naval successes, it was Agrippa who did most of the work. Agrippa had building programs in other Roman cities as well, a magnificent temple (currently known as Maison Carrée) survives in Nîmes itself, which was probably built by Agrippa.
Later relationship between Augustus and Agrippa seemed colder for a while, Agrippa seemed to even go into "exile", but modern historians agree that it was just a ploy: Augustus wanted others to think that Agrippa was his "rival" while in truth he was keeping a significant army far away from Rome, ready to come to the rescue in case Augustus' political machinations fail. It is confirmed by the fact that later Agrippa was recalled and given authority almost equal to Augustus himself, not to mention that he married Augustus' only biological child. The last years of Agrippa's life were spent governing the eastern provinces, were he won respect even of the Jews. He also restored Crimea to Roman Empire. His last service was starting the conquest of the upper Danube, were later the province of Pannonia would be. He suddenly died of illness in 12 BC, aged ~51.
Agrippa had several children through his three marriages. Through some of his children, Agrippa would become ancestor to many subsequent members of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. He has numerous other legacies.Yurii P
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"C" Denarius, Crawford 107/1a - My favorite CoinDenomination: Denarius
Era: c. 209-208 BC
Metal: AR
Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma r. with splayed visor; “X” behind; Border of dots
Reverse: Dioscuri r.; Above, “C”; in linear frame, “ROMA”.
Mint: Etruia(?)
Weight: 4.44 gm.
Reference: Crawford 107/1a
Provenance: NAC 61; 25-OCT-2011, Privately purchased by RBW from CNG in 1989
Comments: This is one of my favorite coins. It is not high grade, neither the obverse nor the reverse is well centered. The dioscuri are really just blobs, and this coin would be overlooked in any sale but the NAC 61 sale of RBW’s finest and rarest coins, perhaps the greatest Roman Republican auction of our generation. Nevertheless, the coin has a lovely tone and a style that is very characteristic of this issue which is quite rare.
Unique to this variety and the related staff issue, are the braided locks extending from the helmet to the hair binding. The stars are simple dots above the dioscuri, and ROMA is cut into the die with very large letters with a very fine line tool. There has been much speculation on the significance of the “C” insignia, but few with any real merit.
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"C", larger head, Denarius, Crawford 107/1bDenomination: Denarius
Era: c. 209-208 BC
Metal: AR
Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma r. with splayed visor; “X” behind; Border of dots
Reverse: Dioscuri r.; above, “C” symbol; in linear frame, “ROMA”.
Mint: Etruria(?)
Weight: 4.32 gm.
Reference: Crawford 107/1b
Provenance: Naville auction, 7-MAY-2017
Comments:
This type with a “C” symbol is of the same fundamental style as the staff symbol 106/3c. presumably both issues from the same mint. The type is somewhat scarce, but the most common of the three other “C” sub-varieties.
Near complete on a large flan, GVF.
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(502a) Roman Republic, L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi, 90 B.C.Silver denarius, S 235, Calpurnia 11, Crawford 340/1, Syd 663a, VF, rainbow toning, Rome mint, 3.772g, 18.5mm, 180o, 90 B.C. obverse: laureate head of Apollo right, scorpion behind; Reverse naked horseman galloping right holding palm, L PISO FRVGI and control number CXI below; ex-CNA XV 6/5/91, #443. Ex FORVM.
A portion of the following text is a passage taken from the excellent article “The Calpurnii and Roman Family History: An Analysis of the Piso Frugi Coin in the Joel Handshu Collection at the College of Charleston,” by Chance W. Cook:
In the Roman world, particularly prior to the inception of the principate, moneyers were allotted a high degree of latitude to mint their coins as they saw fit. The tres viri monetales, the three men in charge of minting coins, who served one-year terms, often emblazoned their coins with an incredible variety of images and inscriptions reflecting the grandeur, history, and religion of Rome. Yet also prominent are references to personal or familial accomplishments; in this manner coins were also a means by which the tres viri monetales could honor their forbearers. Most obvious from an analysis of the Piso Frugi denarius is the respect and admiration that Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi, who minted the coin, had for his ancestors. For the images he selected for his dies relate directly to the lofty deeds performed by his Calpurnii forbearers in the century prior to his term as moneyer. The Calpurnii were present at many of the watershed events in the late Republic and had long distinguished themselves in serving the state, becoming an influential and well-respected family whose defense of traditional Roman values cannot be doubted.
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi, who was moneyer in 90 B.C., depicted Apollo on the obverse and the galloping horseman on the reverse, as does his son Gaius. However, all of L. Piso Frugi’s coins have lettering similar to “L-PISO-FRVGI” on the reverse, quite disparate from his son Gaius’ derivations of “C-PISO-L-F-FRV.”
Moreover, C. Piso Frugi coins are noted as possessing “superior workmanship” to those produced by L. Piso Frugi.
The Frugi cognomen, which became hereditary, was first given to L. Calpurnius Piso, consul in 133 B.C., for his integrity and overall moral virtue. Cicero is noted as saying that frugal men possessed the three cardinal Stoic virtues of bravery, justice, and wisdom; indeed in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae, a synonym of frugalitas is bonus, generically meaning “good” but also implying virtuous behavior. Gary Forsythe notes that Cicero would sometimes invoke L. Calpurnius Piso’s name at the beginning of speeches as “a paragon of moral rectitude” for his audience.
L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi’s inclusion of the laureled head of Apollo, essentially the same obverse die used by his son Gaius (c. 67 B.C.), was due to his family’s important role in the establishment of the Ludi Apollinares, the Games of Apollo, which were first instituted in 212 B.C. at the height of Hannibal’s invasion of Italy during the Second Punic War. By that time, Hannibal had crushed Roman armies at Cannae, seized Tarentum and was invading Campania.
Games had been used throughout Roman history as a means of allaying the fears
of the populace and distracting them from issues at hand; the Ludi Apollinares were no different. Forsythe follows the traditional interpretation that in 211 B.C., when C. Calpurnius Piso was praetor, he became the chief magistrate in Rome while both consuls were absent and the three other praetors were sent on military expeditions against Hannibal.
At this juncture, he put forth a motion in the Senate to make the Ludi Apollinares a yearly event, which was passed; the Ludi Apollinares did indeed become an important festival, eventually spanning eight days in the later Republic. However, this interpretation is debatable; H.H. Scullard suggests that the games were not made permanent until 208 B.C. after a severe plague prompted the Senate to make them a fixture on the calendar. The Senators believed Apollo would serve as a “healing god” for the people of Rome.
Nonetheless, the Calpurnii obviously believed their ancestor had played an integral role in the establishment of the Ludi Apollinares and thus prominently displayed
the head or bust of Apollo on the obverse of the coins they minted.
The meaning of the galloping horseman found on the reverse of the L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi coin is more complicated. It is possible that this is yet another reference to the Ludi Apollinares. Chariot races in the Circus Maximus were a major component of the games, along with animal hunts and theatrical performances.
A more intriguing possibility is that the horseman is a reference to C. Calpurnius Piso, son of the Calpurnius Piso who is said to have founded the Ludi Apollinares. This C. Calpurnius Piso was given a military command in 186 B.C. to quell a revolt in Spain. He was victorious, restoring order to the province and also gaining significant wealth in the process.
Upon his return to Rome in 184, he was granted a triumph by the Senate and eventually erected an arch on the Capitoline Hill celebrating his victory. Of course
the arch prominently displayed the Calpurnius name. Piso, however, was not an infantry commander; he led the cavalry.
The difficulty in accepting C. Calpurnius Piso’s victory in Spain as the impetus for the galloping horseman image is that not all of C. Piso Frugi’s coins depict the horseman or cavalryman carrying the palm, which is a symbol of victory. One is inclined to believe that the victory palm would be prominent in all of the coins minted by C. Piso Frugi (the son of L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi) if it indeed signified the great triumph of C. Calpurnius Piso in 186 B.C. Yet the palm’s appearance is clearly not a direct reference to military feats of C. Piso Frugi’s day. As noted, it is accepted that his coins were minted in 67 B.C.; in that year, the major victory by Roman forces was Pompey’s swift defeat of the pirates throughout the Mediterranean.
Chrestomathy: Annual Review of Undergraduate Research at the College of Charleston. Volume 1, 2002: pp. 1-10© 2002 by the College of Charleston, Charleston SC 29424, USA.All rights to be retained by the author.
http://www.cofc.edu/chrestomathy/vol1/cook.pdf
There are six (debatably seven) prominent Romans who have been known to posterity as Lucius Calpurnius Piso:
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi: (d. 261 A.D.) a Roman usurper, whose existence is
questionable, based on the unreliable Historia Augusta.
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Licinianus: deputy Roman Emperor, 10 January 69 to15 January
69, appointed by Galba.
Lucius Calpurnius Piso: Consul in 27 A.D.
Lucius Calpurnius Piso: Consul in 1 B.C., augur
Lucius Calpurnius Piso: Consul in 15 B.C., pontifex
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus: Consul in 58 B.C. (the uncle of Julius Caesar)
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi: Moneyer in 90 B.C. (our man)
All but one (or two--if you believe in the existence of "Frugi the usurper" ca. 261 A.D.) of these gentlemen lack the Frugi cognomen, indicating they are not from the same direct lineage as our moneyer, though all are Calpurnii.
Calpurnius Piso Frugi's massive issue was intended to support the war against the Marsic Confederation. The type has numerous variations and control marks.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius_Calpurnius_Piso
http://www.forumancientcoins.com/catalog/indexfrm.asp?vpar=55&pos=0
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
Cleisthenes
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0106 - Punic - AE unit - 242-209 BCObv/ Head of Tanit (rough) l.
Rev/ Horse's head (rough) r.: before, punic letter “aleph”.
AE, 21.5 mm, 10.35 g
Mint: Qart Hadasht (Cartagena, Spain)
CNH/HC45 [R1]
ex-Sanrode Numismática – eBay, art. #260689847460dafnis
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0109 - Punic - 1/4 AE 242-209 BCObv/ Head of Tanit l.
Rev/ Helmet; behind, punic letter “ayin”.
AE, 13.5 mm, 1.52 g
Mint: Qart Hadasht
CNH/HC43 [R4]
ex-Soler y Llach, auction may 2011, lot 2178dafnis
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0120 - Punic - AE16 400-350 BCObv/ Head of Tanit l.
Rev/ Horse standing r.: behind, palm tree; before, three dots.
AE, 16.5 mm, 3.20 g
Mint: Carthage
SNG Copenhagen 118 var.
ex-Numismática Hinojosa, eBay june 2011 - art. #280699851930dafnis
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0222 - Punic - AE 1/2 unit - 237-209 BCObv/ Head of Mars r.
Rev/ Palm tree with fruits.
AE, 19.1 mm, 5.58 g
Mint: Qart Hadasht
ACIP/581 [R3] - CNH/HC41 [R3]
ex-Jesús Vico, auction 148, lot 120dafnis
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026a. Septimius SeverusAugustus 193-211
North African of Punic and Italian origin. Governor of Pannonia when troops proclaimed him Augustus. Defeated other two claimants to throne. Active campaigner as Augustus, with victories against Parthia and in Arabia and Britain. Very hostile to Senate. Died of illness during campaign in York. His governing philosophy could be summed up in his reported words to his sons on his death bed: "be harmonious with each other, be generous to the soldiers, and take no heed of anyone else."lawrence c
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028/3 Didrachm/Quadrigatus Anonymous. AR Didrachm-Quadrigatus. Uncertain or Rome Mint c. 225-214 B.C. (6.26g, 20.9m, 9h). Obv: Laureate head of Janus. Rev: Jupiter, hurling Thunderbolt and holding scepter in Quadriga right driven by Victory. Roma in relief in linear frame. Craw. 28/3, Syd. 65, RSC 24. CNG276/320.
One of Rome’s pre-denarius silver coins issued before the Second Punic War, and the introduction of the denarius circa 214-211 B.C.
I wanted to trace the evolution of Roman coinage, so I couldn’t pass this one up when I saw it. More information on the type can be found here: andrewmccabe.ancients.info.
Lucas H
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056/4 Subgroup 85 & 86A AE TriensAnonymous. Ae Triens. Apulia. 212-208 BC. (9.08 g, 23.72 g) Obv: Helmeted head of Minerva right, four pellets above. Rev: ROMA, prow right, four pellets below.
Originally defined as Crawford 56/4, this type of Triens have been assigned to subgroup 85 & 86A. This is a Q or H triens, that is missing the Q or H. Andrew McCabe gives the subgroup the number F1 which has the following characteristics:
"Mint: Apulia. Second Punic war. Related to RRC 85 H, and RRC 86 anchor and Q. Obverses are in high relief. The general style, for examples Janus, or Hercules’ truncation, or the regular reverse prow, is like RRC 86 anchor and Q. Reverses of Sextans and Quadrans have either regular, or Luceria style, prows with a club in an elevated fighting platform. On regular reverses, the top and central keel lines join half way across prow. Flans are thin and broad akin to late issues of Luceria. All denominations As through Sextans are known."
"The regular reverse prow is tall (height/width) with a fighting platform and deck structure elevated more than usual, and there is always a line extending either side of the deck structure. The keel-lines are also distinctive, with the middle of the three lines always converging with the top line half way across the prow... These specific design features – especially the middle keel line converging with the upper line half way across the prow – are identical with and typical of the RRC 86A Q series from Apulia58... The obverses of all denominations are in high relief, and show high quality engraving."
"So a close geographic and timing link between the Anchor Q, H, L, L-T, CA and P coins can be posited. These coins are certainly a second Punic war issue from Apulia. It remains open for discussion which city minted these group F1 coins, presumably alongside the RRC 85 and RRC 86 issues."
This is one out of six specimens: "F1 Triens: 6 coins, mean 9.4 grams, heaviest 10.5 grams".
All quotes are from the work of Andrew McCabe.
Link to thread at Forvm Ancient Coins: http://www.forumancientcoins.com/board/index.php?topic=90604.0
On this topic at Andrew McCabe's homepage: http://andrewmccabe.ancients.info/RRC056.html
I would strongly recommend anyone who wants to learn more about Roman Republican coins to give Andrew McCabe's homepage a visit.
Paddy
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0aa2 Defeat of Hannibal in the Second Punic War, 202 BCQ. Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio
Imperator 47-46 BC
Denarius
Head of Jupiter, right, Q METEL PIVS
Elephant, right, SCIPIO IMP
Seaby, Caecilia 47
At least one theory for the depiction of the elephant on the reverse of this coin is that it refers to Scipio Africanus' defeat of Hannibal in the Battle of Zama in 202 BC, which ended the Second Punic War. It could also simply refer to the location of the mint in Africa. Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio became Pompey's father-in-law in 53 BC. in 49, he got the Senate to issue the ultimatum that Caesar disband his army before crossing the Rubicon River or be branded a public enemy. He commanded Pompey's center at Pharsalus. After Pompey's death, he fought on from North Africa. At Thapsus, Caesar routed Scipio again (46 BC). He escaped again only to fall on his sword and drown a few months later in a naval battle near Hippo.Blindado
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1bj Marcus Aurelius161-180
Sestertius
Laureate head, right, IMP CAES M AVREL ANTONINVS AVG PM
Salus stg, SALVTI AVGVSTOR TR P XVII COS III SC
RIC 843
The Historia Augusta relates: He was reared under the eye of Hadrian, who called him Verissimus. . . . And so he was adopted in his eighteenth year, and at the instance of Hadrian exception was made for his age and he was appointed quaestor for the year of the second consulship of Antoninus [Pius], now his father. . . . After Hadrian's death, Pius immediately got his wife to ask Marcus if he would break off his betrothal to the daughter of Lucius Commodus and marry their own daughter Faustina (whom Hadrian had wanted to marry Commodus' son, even though he was badly matched in age). After thinking the matter over, Marcus replied he was willing. And when this was done, Pius designated him as his colleague in the consulship, though he was still only quaestor, gave him the title of Caesar. . . .
When Antoninus Pius saw that the end of his life was drawing near, having summoned his friends and prefects, he commended Marcus to them all and formally named him as his successor in the empire. . . . Being forced by the senate to assume the government of the state after the death of the Deified Pius, Marcus made his brother his colleague in the empire, giving him the name Lucius Aurelius Verus Commodus and bestowing on him the titles Caesar and Augustus.
Eutropius summarizes: They carried on a war against the Parthians, who then rebelled for the first time since their subjugation by Trajan. Verus Antoninus went out to conduct that war, and, remaining at Antioch and about Armenia, effected many important achievements by the agency of his generals; he took Seleucia, the most eminent city of Assyria, with forty thousand prisoners; he brought off materials for a triumph over the Parthians, and celebrated it in conjunction with his brother, who was also his father-in-law. He died in Venetia. . . . After him MARCUS ANTONINUS held the government alone, a man whom any one may more easily admire than sufficiently commend. He was, from his earliest years, of a most tranquil disposition; so that even in his infancy he changed countenance neither for joy nor for sorrow. He was devoted to the Stoic philosophy, and was himself a philosopher, not only in his way of life, but in learning. . . .
Under his rule affairs were successfully conducted against the Germans. He himself carried on one war with the Marcomanni, but this was greater than any in the memory of man,so that it is compared to the Punic wars. . . . Having persevered, therefore, with the greatest labour and patience, for three whole years at Carnuntum,14 he brought the Marcomannic war to an end; a war which the Quadi, Vandals, Sarmatians, Suevi, and all the barbarians in that quarter, had joined with the Marcomanni in raising; he killed several thousand men, and, having delivered the Pannonians from slavery, triumphed a second time at Rome with his son Commodus Antoninus, whom he had previously made Caesar. . . . Having, then, rendered the state happy, both by his excellent management and gentleness of disposition, he died in the eighteenth year of his reign and the sixty-first of his life, and was enrolled among the gods, all unanimously voting that such honour should be paid him. Blindado
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201a. Julia DomnaIn Rome, when the worship of Cybele, as Magna Mater, was formally initiated in 203 BC, Rome was embroiled in the Second Punic War. The previous year, an inspection had been made of the Sibylline Books, and some oracular verses had been discovered that announced that if a foreign foe should carry war into Italy, he could be driven out and conquered if the Mater Magna were brought from Pessinos to Rome. Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica was ordered to go to the port of Ostia, accompanied by all the matrons, to meet the goddess. He was to receive her as she left the vessel, and when brought to land he was to place her in the hands of the matrons who were to bear her to her destination, the Temple of Victory on the Palatine Hill. The day on which this event took place, 12 April, was observed afterwards as a festival, the Megalesian. (Livy, History of Rome, circa AD 10)
In Rome, her Phrygian origins were recalled by Catullus, whose famous poem on the theme of Attis includes a vivid description of Cybele's worship: "Together come and follow to the Phrygian home of Cybele, to the Phrygian forests of the goddess, where the clash of cymbals ring, where tambourines resound, where the Phrygian flute-player blows deeply on his curved reed, where ivy-crowned maenads toss their heads wildly."
Roman devotion to Cybele ran deep. Not coincidentally, when a Christian basilica was built over the site of a temple to Cybele, to occupy the site, it was dedicated as the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore.
The worship of Cybele penetrated as far as Mauretania, where, just outside Setif, the ceremonial "tree-bearers" and the faithful (religiosi) restored the temple of Cybele and Attis after a disastrous fire in AD 288. Lavish new fittings paid for by the private group included the silver statue of Cybele and the chariot that carried her in procession received a new canopy, with tassels in the form of fir cones. (Robin Lane Fox, Pagans and Christians, p 581.)
Today, a monumental statue of Cybele can be found in one of the principal traffic circles of Madrid, the Plaza de Cibeles (illustration, upper right).
In Roman mythology, Magna Mater deorum Idaea ("great Idaean mother of the gods") was the name for the originally Phrygian goddess Cybele, as well as Rhea.
Her cult moved from Phrygia to Greece from the 6th century to the 4th. In 205 BC, Rome adopted her cult.
Julia Domna Denarius. 212 AD. IVLIA PIA FELIX AVG, draped bust right / MATRI DEVM, Cybele standing left, leaning on column, holding drum & scepter, lion at foot. RSC 137. RIC 382ecoli
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207/1. Decimia or Flavia? - denarius (150 BC)AR Denarius (Rome, 150 BC)
O/ Helmeted head of Roma right; X behind.
R/ Luna in biga right, holding whip & reins; FLAVS below; ROMA in exergue.
3.95g; 19mm
Crawford 207/1 (61 obverse dies/76 reverse dies)
- Collection of Frederick Sydney Clark (1923-2016), British collector in East Sussex.
- Toovey's, 01/11/2017, Lot 701.
* Decimius Flavus or Gaius Flavius Fimbria:
This issue has been given to a member of the plebeian gens Decimia, of Samnite origin. The gens was relatively new at the time since its first identified member Numerius Decimius distinguished himself during the Second Punic War (Livy, xxii. 24), and probably received the Roman citizenship as a result. Two Decimii used the cognomen Flavus: a military tribune in 207 named Gaius Decimius Flavus (Livy, xxvii. 14), and his probable son of the same name, who was Urban Praetor in 184, but died immediately after his election (Livy, xxxix. 38).
Three other Decimii are then known: Marcus, Gaius, and Lucius, all ambassadors in Greece in 172-171 (Livy, xlii. 19, 35, 37 respectively). They were possible sons of the Praetor of 184, in which case our moneyer was the son of one of them, although nothing is known of him. However, none of them had a cognomen and Flavus simply meant "blond hair", a rather common cognomen unlikely to feature alone on a coin.
So the name could refer to another gens; it is indeed possible to read it as FLAVIVS. This name, widespread during the Empire after Vespasian, was nevertheless uncommon in the second century and therefore distinctive enough so that the moneyer did not need to add the rest of his name. Besides, only one Flavius is known in this century: the Popularis Gaius Flavius C.f. Fimbria, Consul in 104 alongside Marius. Fimbria was therefore born no later than 146 (the Consulship was reserved to men aged at least 42 years old), a date which would remarkably fit with his father moneyer in 150 and therefore in his 20s. As Fimbria was a novus homo, the moneyership held by his father would testify the ascension of the family before him.Joss
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286/1 M. Sergius SilusM. Sergius Silus. AR Denarius. Rome Mint. 116-115 B.C. (3.81g, 17.98mm, 9h). Obv: Helmeted head of Roma, EcX SC before, ROMA X (XVI ligature) behind. Rev: helmeted horseman galloping left, holding sword and severed Gallic head in left hand, Q below horse’s forelegs, M SERGI below, SILVS in ex. RSC I Sergia 1a, Sear 163, Ex Warren Esty.
The reverse depicts the grandfather of the moneyer, who, during the Punic War, reportedly suffered 23 wounds and the loss of a hand but continued the fight. The EX SC on the obverse indicates the coin was struck by a quaestor by special decred of the Senate. Quaestors were the immediate supervisors of the moneyers, but occasional struck udner their own name as well. Lucas H
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423/1. Servilia - denarius (57 BC)AR Denarius (Rome, 57 BC)
O/ Head of Flora right; lituus behind; FLORAL PRIMVS before.
R/ Two soldiers facing each other and presenting swords; C SERVEIL in exergue; C F upwards on right.
3.87g; 18mm
Crawford 423/1 (99 obverse dies/110 reverse dies)
- ROMA Numismatics, E-Sale 42, lot 484.
- Artemide Aste, 11-12 June 2016, lot 253.
* Gaius Servilius C.f. (Brocchus?):
The gens Servilia was originally patrician, but our moneyer was most likely a plebeian because at this time, the only remaining patrician branch of the gens was the Caepiones. The Servilii Gemini, likewise patricians at first, lost their status during the Second Punic War for an unknown reason and their descendants had erratic cognomina, making it difficult to reconstruct the genealogical tree of the gens. The one given by Crawford for RRC 239 is dubious, although possible.
Crawford also says that our moneyer was perhaps a brother of Marcus Servilius C.f., Tribune of the Plebs in 43 BC. He was possibly the Gaius Servilius Brocchus, son of Gaius, mentioned as Military Tribune by Flavius Josephus (Jewish Antiquities, xiv. 229), who tells that he served under the Consul L. Cornelius Lentulus Crus in Asia. It would match a career started in the 50, during which the Pompeian party was dominating, and continued as Pompey's supporter during the Civil War.
The meaning of his denarius has been debated. According to Crawford, the obverse legend refers to the priesthood of Flora, probably held by the gens, contradicting the view of Mommsen, who thought it was celebrating the establishment of the Ludi Florales in 173. This view has been in turn challenged by Robert Palmer, but without giving an explanation of his own*. It should also be mentioned that Pliny the Elder tells that there were statues of Flora, Triptolemus and Ceres by Praxiteles in the "Servilian gardens" (Natural History, xxxvi. 4), which obviously belonged to the gens, showing that Flora was of special importance for the Servilii.
The reverse reuses a common theme on Servilii's denarii: the duels of Marcus Servilius Pulex Geminus, Consul in 202, who was famous for his 23 victories in single combats (Plutarch, Aemilius Paullus, 31). The scene was depicted with variations on RRC 264 (horseback duel), RRC 327 (duel on foot), and RRC 370 (rider charging). It is also possible that RRC 239 shows another duel on horse, but disguised as the Dioscuri riding apart. The fact that our moneyer used this theme links him to the other direct descendants of Servilius Pulex Geminus, thus supporting Crawford's theory that he was a grandchild of Gaius Servilius, Praetor in 102.
* "Flora and the Sybil", in Ten Years of the Agnes Kirsopp Lake Michels Lectures at Bryn Mawr College, edited by Suzanne B. Faris, Lesley E. Lundeen, Bryn Mawr, 2006, pp. 58-70.Joss
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44/6 Quinarius - Dot VarietyDenomination: Quinarius
Metal: AR
Obverse: Head of Roma with 3-bar splayed visor, V mark of value behind. Dot under neck.
Reverse: Dioscuri riding r. with streaming cape. Horse’s tail hangs down. ROMA in relief.
Weight: 2.22 gms
Reference: Crawford 44/6
Provenance: CNG, eSale 279 lot 209
Comments: Early Quinarius. Group 2, with splayed visor and horse tail hanging downward. Three bar visor. This is the “dot” variety, with dot below the truncation. See P. Debernardi, “The Orzivecchi Hoard and the Beginnings of the Denarius.” NC, 2014 pp. 75-89.
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44/6 Quinarius group 1 Denomination: Quinarius
Metal: AR
Obverse: Head of Roma with 3-bar splayed visor, V mark of value behind
Reverse: Dioscuri riding r. with streaming cape. Horse’s tail extended. ROMA in relief.
Weight: 2.13 gms
Reference: Crawford 44/6
Provenance: Gert Boersema, April 17, 2012
Comments: Early Quinarius. Group 1, with splayed visor and horse tail extended. Three bar visor
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44/6 Quinarius group 2 Denomination: Quinarius
Metal: AR
Obverse: Head of Roma with 3-bar splayed visor, V mark of value behind
Reverse: Dioscuri riding r. with streaming cape. Horse’s tail hangs down. ROMA in relief.
Weight: 2.21 gms
Reference: Crawford 44/6
Provenance: M&M Gmbh, Auction 40, Lot 485
Comments: Early Quinarius. Group 2, with splayed visor and horse tail hanging downward. Three bar visor
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44/7 SestertiusDenomination: Sestertius
Metal: AR
Obverse: Head of Roma with 2-bar splayed visor, IIS mark of value behind.
Reverse: Dioscuri riding r. with flag style cape. Horse’s tail hangs down. ROMA in relief.
Weight: 1.09 gms
Reference: Crawford 44/7
Provenance: Roma Numismatics, November 2, 2016, lot 2038
Comments: Early Sestertius. Group 1, with splayed visor and horse tail extended. Broad head
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44/7 SestertiusDenomination: Sestertius
Metal: AR
Obverse: Head of Roma with 2-bar splayed visor, IIS mark of value behind.
Reverse: Dioscuri riding r. with streaming cape. ROMA in relief.
Weight: 1.07 gms
Reference: Crawford 44/7
Provenance: Titano auction 44, Lot 55, June 18, 2013
Comments: Group 1 sestertius with streaming cape.
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44/7 Sestertius - Group 2Denomination: Sestertius
Metal: AR
Obverse: Head of Roma with 2-bar splayed visor, IIS mark of value behind.
Reverse: Dioscuri riding r. with streaming cape. ROMA in relief.
Weight: 1.02 gms
Reference: Crawford 44/7
Provenance: CNG eSale 79, lot 211, May 16, 2012
Comments: A little sestertius gem that has much more of a metallic surface character than apparent in the photo, is a slightly anomalous variation. The obverse is clearly group 2, with bound hair, but the reverse is a rare variation with tail slightly extended.
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44/7 Sestertius group 1Denomination: Sestertius
Metal: AR
Obverse: Head of Roma with 2-bar splayed visor, IIS mark of value behind.
Reverse: Dioscuri riding r. with flag style cape. Horse’s tail hangs down. ROMA in relief.
Weight: .95 gms
Reference: Crawford 44/7
Provenance: Artemide Asta XL, June 3 2014, lot 2038
Comments: Early Sestertius. Group 1, with splayed visor and horse tail extended. Narrow head.
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44/7 Sestertius group 3Denomination: Sestertius
Metal: AR
Obverse: Head of Roma with 2-bar splayed visor, unbound hair, IIS mark of value behind.
Reverse: Dioscuri riding r. with streaming cape. ROMA in relief.
Weight: 1.14 gms
Reference: Crawford 44/7
Provenance: Varesi Asta 59, April 28, 2011
Comments: Group 3 sestertius with unbound hair, streaming cape, and extended horse tail
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53/2 Denarius Group 4Denomination: Denarius
Metal: AR
Obverse: Head of Roma with Peaked visor, X mark of value behind
Reverse: Dioscuri riding r., Flag cape., ROMA in raised letters in three-line rectangular frame.
Weight: 3.72 gm
Reference: Crawford 53/2
Provenance: CNG Esale 284, lot 230, 8-Aug-2012
Comments: Group 4 flag cape and small stars (later variation of group 4). This is one of the coins that spans the Group 4-Group 5 boundary. The obverse style is very close to the prototypical group 5 with a charming, almost “elfin” face, but the frame on the reverse is a close rectangle rather than a long exergual frame. This is an anonymous sibling to RRC 88/2, the spear head symbol series. Reverse slightly off-center, otherwise GEF.
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53/2 Denarius Group 5Denomination: Denarius
Metal: AR
Obverse: Head of Roma with Peaked visor, X mark of value behind
Reverse: Dioscuri riding r., Flag cape., ROMA in raised letters in exergue.
Weight: 3.99 gm
Reference: Crawford 53/2
Provenance: Ebay, ex Ibercoin 12, Lot 3. Feb, 2013
Comments: This is a true prototype of group 5. The obverse style is has a charming face, and the reverse ROMA is in a fully exergual frame. This is an anonymous sibling to RRC 88/2, the spear head symbol series. Little actual wear but the reverse is a little off-center and there are a few minor dings. Very Fine.
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Akragas, Sicily213-211 BC (Punic Occupation)
AR 1/4 Shekel (14mm, 2.11g)
O: Head of Triptolemus right, wreathed in corn.
R: Horse galloping right; Punic letters 'ht' below.
SNG Cop 379; HGC 2, 174; Burnett, Enna 151; de Luynes 3965; Weber 8540; Walker Group II, 1st Series
ex Tom Cederlind
One of the leading centers of Greek influence in the west during the 6th and 5th centuries BC, Akragas was sacked by Carthage in 406. Conquered by Rome in 262 and retaken by Carthgage 8 years later, the city never again regained its' former status. Akragas suffered greatly during the Second Punic War (218-201), with this coin being struck just before the city fell to Rome once again in 210.
Although renamed Agrigentum, its' culture remained essentially Greek for another few hundred years until Rome granted the inhabitants citizenship after Julius Caesar's death in 44 BC.
This coin was struck on the Carthaginian standard and of debased silver.Enodia
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AL Monogram - Denarius, Crawford 111/1Denomination: Denarius
Era: c. 209-208 BC
Metal: AR
Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma r. with peaked visor; “X” behind; Border of dots
Reverse: Dioscuri r.; Below, “AL” monogram; in linear frame, “ROMA”.
Mint: Uncertain
Weight: 4.10 gm.
Reference: Crawford 111/1
Provenance: Indalo (through Ebay), 1-MAR-2014
Comments:
The AL monogram denarii are rare with 16 known specimens, 5 of which are in the British museum and The Bibliothèque nationale de France, each having two, and Kestner, having one.
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Anchor - Denarius, Crawford 50/2Denomination: Denarius
Era: c. 209-208 BC
Metal: AR
Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma r. with splayed visor. Behind, “X”. Border of dots
Reverse: Dioscuri r.; below to r., anchor; in linear frame “ROMA”.
Mint: Rome
Weight: 4.71 gm.
Reference: Crawford 50/2
Provenance: Gert Boersema. 31-JAN-2018
Comments: Anonymous denarius with anchor symbol (early variety with splayed visor)
VF.
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AnonymousAnonymous. After 211 BC. Æ Semis (23mm, 9.69 g, 7h). Uncertain mint. Laureate head of Saturn right; S behind / Prow of galley right; S above. Crawford 56/3; Sydenham 143a. VF, green patina, minor roughness.
Ex-CNG 219 lot 390 62/100
The semis (literally meaning half) was a small Roman bronze coin that was valued at half an as. During the Roman Republic, the semis was distinguished by an 'S' (indicating semis) or 6 dots (indicating a theoretical weight of 6 unciae). Some of the coins featured a bust of Saturn on the obverse, and the prow of a ship on the reverse.
Initially a cast coin, like the rest of Roman Republican bronzes, it began to be struck from shortly before the Second Punic War (218-204 BC). The coin was issued infrequently during the Roman Empire, and ceased to be issued by the time of Hadrian (117-138 AD).ecoli
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AnonymousAnonymous. 211-210 BC. AR Victoriatus (16.5mm, 3.14 g, 6h). Spearhead (first) series. Mint in southeast Italy. Laureate head of Jupiter right within border of dots / Victory standing right, placing wreath on trophy; Roma in exergue.
In around 218 BC, at roughly the same time as the appearance of the silver denarius, mints in the Roman Republic began to strike silver coins bearing on the obverse a bust of Jupiter and on the reverse a figure of Victory placing a wreath upon a trophy. Known as a victoriatus in Latin or tropaikon in Greek, this coin was primarily issued to facilitate payments in Greek-speaking southern Italy, where its weight was roughly equivalent to a drachm or half nomos. Rome at this time had a great need for coinage, as the Second Punic War then raged across Italy, and the city needed silver to pay her allies. This function is demonstrated by the hoard evidence, which shows that their circulation was generally limited to southern Italy, and later Cisalpine Gaul and Spain.
The victoriatus was generally struck in less pure silver than the denarius, rarely meeting the same 90% standard, yet it generally followed the same overall pattern of debasements. Despite this, it proved to be an important coin for the budding empire. Though the type was discontinued around 170 BC, the coins themselves continued to circulate, eventually becoming worn enough to function in the marketplace as quinarii. Accordingly, even into the early Imperial period, the silver quinarius was also sometimes refered to as a victoriatus.ecoli
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Anonymous Didrachm / Quadrigatus **SOLD**Anonymous. Silver Didrachm (6.80g, 22.5mm), ca. 225-214 BC. Uncertain mint.
O: Laureate head of Janus (Dioscuri?), two annulets atop head.
R: ROMA incuse on solid tablet in exergue, Jupiter, hurling thunderbolt and holding scepter, in galloping quadriga right driven by Victory.
- ex Dr. Busso Peus Nachf., Crawford ?
"Silver Quadrigatus Roman coinage was fortified during the Second Punic War. In addition to gold coins, the Romans issued copper and silver coins, sometimes in enormous quantities. The principal silver coin of the war was a reduced-weight didrachm called a "quadrigatus" after its reverse design, a four-horse chariot (quadriga) bearing Victory and Jupiter. There are many varieties of quadrigati, as revealed by differences in die engraving, metal purity and production standards, not to mention subtle variations of the main design. This suggests that several mints issued quadrigati at different times, and under quite different circumstances. The double-head on the obverse usually is described as the god Janus because of its distinctive form, but the faces are of young men, and it more likely represents the Dioscuri, the gods Castor and Pollux, who were credited with saving Rome at the Battle of Lake Regillus nearly three centuries before." - David VagiNemonater
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Anonymus AE Quadrans (after 211 B.C.), Rome, Republic AE-18, Crawford ???, Prow of galley right, #1Anonymus AE Quadrans (after 211 B.C.), Rome, Republic AE-18, Crawford ???, Prow of galley right, #1
avers: Head of young Hercules right, wearing lion's skin headdress, three pellets behind, (mark of value).
reverse: ROMA, Prow of galley right, three pellets (mark of value) below.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 18-19mm, weight: 4,23g, axis: 3h,
mint: Rome, date: after 211 B.C., ref: Crawford ???, McCabe group H1 Qd.1.,(Half-weight fractions, overstrikes on Punic bronzes).
Q-001quadrans
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Anonymus AE Triens (after 211 B.C.), Rome, Republic AE-20, Crawford 56-4, Prow of galley right, #1Anonymus AE Triens (after 211 B.C.), Rome, Republic AE-20, Crawford 56-4, Prow of galley right, #1
avers: Helmeted head of Minerva right, above, four pellets (mark of value).
reverse: ROMA, Prow of galley right; four pellets (mark of value) below.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 19,5-20mm, weight: 5,3g, axis: 11h,
mint: Rome, date: after 211 B.C., ref: Crawford 56-4, McCabe group H1(Half-weight fractions, overstrikes on Punic bronzes).
Q-001quadrans
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Asido - AE semis150-50 BC
bull right; star above
dolphin right; dot in upside down crescent above; kerykeion below
´sd'nbl in neo-Punic
CNH 3; SNG BM Spain 468; I-158. ACIP-914.
ex Jesus VicoJ. B.
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Battle of Thapsus - Cato the Younger (47-46 BC)The Pompeians. M. Porcius Cato. Spring 47- Spring 46 BC. AR Denarius. Utica mint.
Obv: Draped bust right of Roma, hair tied with fillet; ROMA behind
Rev: Victory seated right, holding palm frond and wreath.
Marcus Porcius Cato, also known as Cato the Younger, was a defender of the Roman Republic, he forcefully opposed Julius Caesar and was known as the highly moral, incorruptible, inflexible supporter of the Optimates. He was the great-grandson of Cato the Elder——a prominent figure in Rome during the Second Punic War, who used to end his speech with the words “Carthago delenda est”(Carthage must be destroyed). When Pompey was defeated by Caesar at the Battle of Pharsalus, Cato fled to North Africa with Pompey, after whose assassination he supported Metellus Pius Scipio wresting the chief command of Pompey’s forces. On the news of the defeat of Scipio at the Battle of Thapsusus, Cato committed suicide. Caesar was upset by this and was reported by Plutarch to have said:
"Cato, I grudge you your death, as you would have grudged me the preservation of your life."YuenTsin C
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Battle of Thapsus - Juba I (47-46 BC)Juba I, king of Numidia. AR 'Denarius', 47-46 BC. Utica mint.
Obv: REX IVBA. Diademed and cuirassed bust of Juba I right; sceptre on the shoulder.
Rev: IOBAI HMMLKT in neo-Punic. Octastyle temple on podium; in the middle, a globule.
Juba I (born c. 85 BC-died 46 BC, near Thapsus) king of Numidia, sided with the followers of Pompey and the Roman Senate in their war against Julius Caesar in North Africa. He joined Metellus Scipio with three legions for the Battle of Thapsus, but fled when seeing the certain defeat of Scipio's army. He committed suicide when being trapped by Caesar's army.YuenTsin C
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Battle of Thapsus - Metellus Scipio (47-46 BC)Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio, AR Denarius, military mint in Africa, 47- Spring 46 BC.
Obv: Laureate head of Jupiter r.; Q•METEL PIVS
Rev: African elephant walking r.; SCIPIO above, IMP below.
This denarius was issued by Scipio when he fled to North Africa after being defeated by Caesar at the Battle of Pharsalus. Scipio wrested the chief command of Pompey’s forces after his death, and held command at the Battle of Thapsus against Caesar. Under his unskilled command, he was unsurprisingly defeated by Caesar, again, along with his ally and supporter Cato the Younger. He committed suicide by stabbing himself after an unsuccessful attempt to escape.
The ancestors of Metellus Scipio and Cato the Younger were prominent figures in Rome during the Second Punic War. Scipio was descended from Scipio Africanus, the famous Roman general that defeated Hannibal Barca at the Battle of Zama, while Cato was the great-grandson of Cato the Elder, the Roman senator who often ended his speeches with the words “Carthago delenda est”, who was the opponent of Scipio Africanus by the way. Apparently, Scipio and Cato did not glorify their ancestors under the power of mighty Caesar.YuenTsin C
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Billion Tridrachm from CarthageA Billion tridrachm from Carthage, minted during the second Punic war. 9.589g, 26.2mm, Carthage mint, c. 215 - 205 B.C.
Obverse: Head of Tanit left, wearing barley wreath, pellet on leaf, triple-pendant earing, and necklace with many pendants
Reverse: Unbridled horse standing right, palm tree in background, pellet below horse's belly forward of the palm trunk; scarce;
Attribution: Alexandropoulos 44a; Müller Afrique 104; SNG Cop 190 var (no pellet); SRCV II 6494 var (same)chuy1530
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Bramsen 0631. Sejour a Osterode, 1807.Obv. Head of Napoleon laureated. Under the head, ANDRIEU F. DENON DIRT. Legend, NAPOLEON A OSTERODE.
Rev. the head of Fabius Cunctator. Legend, FABIUS CUNCTATOR. Under the head, or exergue, DENON DIRT.
Commemorates Napoleons rest at Osterode in 1807 and alludes to his military prowess with a comparison to the Roman military leader during the Second Punic War, Q. Maximus Fabius.
LordBest
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Branch, Denarius, Crawford 76/1aDenomination: Denarius
Era: c. 211 BC
Metal: AR
Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma r. with visor of three straight lines; Branch behind; “X” below chin of Roma. Border of dots
Reverse: Dioscuri r.; in linear frame, “ROMA”.
Mint: Rome
Weight: 3.77 gm.
Reference: Crawford 76/1a
Provenance: Harlan Berk, 1-DEC-2008
Comments: Crawford lists four sub-varieties of 76/1 differentiated by the presence or absence of a small curl on the left shoulder and a fillet detail tied to the branch. This example is the most common variety without either of these details.
What Crawford does not differentiate is the two significantly different obverse styles found in this issue. The obverse of the first is rendered with Roma’s helmet visor comprised of three very short lines. This variety is always Cr. 76/1a without the curl and fillet details. The second variety has Roma’s helmet visor of three long lines and of somewhat more elegant style, and is found with and without the curl and fillet.
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Branch, Denarius, Crawford 76/1d (Long visor)Denomination: Denarius
Era: c. 211 BC
Metal: AR
Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma r. with visor of three long straight lines; Loop under visor and loop in front of ear; Branch behind, tied with fillet (partially obscured); Lock of hair on left shoulder; “X” below chin of Roma. Border of dots
Reverse: Dioscuri r.; in linear frame, “ROMA”.
Mint: Rome
Weight: 3.93 gm.
Reference: Crawford 76/1d
Provenance: NAC 72, Lot 1005, 17-MAY-2013
Comments: Crawford lists four sub-varieties of 76/1 differentiated by the presence or absence of a small curl on the left shoulder and a fillet detail tied to the branch. This example has both the curl on the left shoulder and the fillet on the branch.
What Crawford does not differentiate is the two significantly different obverse styles found in this issue. The obverse of the first is rendered with Roma’s helmet visor comprised of three very short lines. This variety is always Cr. 76/1a without the curl and fillet details. The second variety has Roma’s helmet visor of three long lines and of somewhat more elegant style, and is found with and without the curl and fillet. The present coin is the second style with the long visor.
This sub variety is the scarcest of the four sub-varieties of Cr. 76/1. Slightly off-center, obscuring part of the branch and the stars above the dioscuri on the reverse. otherwise, beautiful old toning and GVF.
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Bronze Punic Carthage CoinA bronze coin from Punic Carthage, minted between 264-241 BC. 20 mm, 4.9 g.chuy1530
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Bruttium, The Bretti, drachmdiademed, draped and winged bust of Nike right, at left Club and crescent
BPETTIΩN
River-god Aisaros/Dionysos standing, crowning himself, holding cloak and scepter, at right Snake and Σ.
216-214 BC
4.60g
HNItaly 1961 SNG Copenhagen
Second Punic War issue
Ex-Calgary Coin
Jay GT4
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Bruttium, The Bretti, drachmVeiled head of Hera Lakinia right, wearing polos; scepter over shoulder, feather to left
ΒΡΕΤΤΙΩΝ
Zeus standing left, right foot on ionic capital, holding scepter; crab to left, [tiny Γ between foot and scepter].
Second Punic War issue. Circa 216-214 BC.
3.88 g.
Arslan dies 12/17’; Scheu 68–77 var. (obv. symbol);
HN Italy 1969. VF, toned, struck with worn dies.
Rare issue with feather on obverse, unknown to Scheu.
Ex-CNG 407 lot 14, From the B. H. Webb Collection. Ex-Pipito Collection
Tough to photograph, much better in hand.
Jay GT4
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Bruttium, The Bretti, drachmDiademed, draped and winged bust of Nike right, bird? behind
BPETTIΩN
River-god Aisaros/Dionysos standing, crowning himself, holding cloak and scepter, monogram and shield to right
216-214 BC Punic war issue
4.81g
Rare with these control marks. Only 2 on acsearch including this one, both from same dies and die flaws.
Struck with worn obverse die.
Arslan dies 81/107’; Scheu S65; HN Italy 1970
Ex-CNG 452 Lot 48; From the John L. Cowan Collection; Ex-Pegasi, 31 May 2012 Auction 24 lot 44.
Jay GT4
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Bruttium, The Brettii (Circa 211-208 BC)Æ Double Unit (Didrachm)
26 mm, 16.19 g
Obverse: Head of Ares left, wearing crested Corinthian helmet decorated with griffin
Reverse: BRET-TIWN, Hera Hoplosima (or Athena) advancing right, holding spear and shield; racing torch right.
Scheu 72; SNG ANS 82; HN Italy 1987
The Brettii were an indigenous Italian people who emerged in southern Italy in the mid-fourth century BC. Ancient authors describe them as a group of revolted slaves and miscellaneous fugitives who came together after seeking refuge in the rugged mountains of the area. Nonetheless, it is more likely that most of these people were native Oenotrians or Pelasgians who had escaped from domination by the Greek cities and other native groups to the north. By the mid-third century BC, this disparate congregation of people, now known as the Brettii, had become the predominant power over most of Italy south of the river Laos, including the important mints of Consentia, Medma, Hipponium, Terina, and Thurium (Diod. XVI.15; Strabo VI). Their rising power, however, was eventually checked by the expansion of Roman authority in their region. In the 280s BC, they united with their neighbors, the Lucanians, against Rome, an adventure that proved inconclusive. Soon thereafter, they aided Pyrrhos in his war against Rome, an unsuccessful endeavor that resulted in the Romans carrying on the conflict against the Brettians after defeating the Epiran leader. The Brettians submitted to the Romans, but in the face of Hannibal's successes against Rome, they again allied themselves with Rome's enemy during the Second Punic War (Livy XXII. 61). In this conflict, the Brettians were completely invested in the alliance with Carthage, such that the entire region of Bruttium became a veritable Punic fortress, and it was during this war that the entire series of Brettian coinage was struck. Once again, though, the Brettii had supported the losing side, and this time the Romans were determined to squash any further ability of the Brettians to threaten them. In the aftermath of Hannibal's defeat, the Romans subjugated Bruttium through annual military deployments and the establishment of three colonies, at Tempsa, Kroton, and Vibo Valentia (Livy XXXIV. 45 and XXXV. 40). Unlike other Italian populations that had been conquered by the Romans, the Brettii were also not admitted as Roman allies and could not serve in the Roman military (Appian, Annib. 61). Little is known of the Brettii thereafter.Nathan P
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BRUTTIUM. The Brettii.AR Drachm
215-2015 BC
18.5mm, 4.23 grams
Diademed bust of Nike r.; behind, harpa
BPETTIΩN, river-god standing, crowning himself, holding cloak and sceptre at r., snake and Σ.
Scheu 61. SNG Copenhagen 1624. Historia Numorum Italy 1963.
The Bretti (or Brutti) emerged from the rugged hills of southern Italy in the mid-4th century BC as an insurgent force of escaped slaves and other fugitives rebelling against the Lucanians, who had subjugated the area a generation earlier. Having thrown off the yoke of oppression, the Bretti retained their independence until 280 BC, when they helped the Greek king Pyrrhus of Epirus in his war against the Romans. After defeating Pyrrhus, the Romans invaded Bruttium and occupied most of the country. The Brettii remained pacified throughout the First Punic War (264-241 BC) but were among the first to declare in favor of the Carthaginian general Hannibal against Rome in the Second Punic War (218-201 BC), resulting in their final crushing as a separate people and absorption by Rome.
JBGood
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Byzacene Thapsus Augustus As - RPC 793Byzacene, Thapsus Time of Augustus.
Æ As (22.6 mm, 9.25 g.)
Obv: IMP AVG PP ; Bare head of Augustus left
Rev: Punic legend STPSR. Diademed and draped female head right with a scepter on the shoulder
RPC 793Tanit
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Byzacene Thapsus Semis RPC 794Byzacene, Thapsus, Semis, 10-8 BC
Obv: Female head veiled and diad. to right.
Rev: Punic inscription STPSR; Lyre.
RPC 794
Tanit
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C. Cut in Antiquity: Halved AR Shekel (13 x 22mm, 4.10g), Punic Spain, Carthago Nova, 2nd Punic WarPhoto source: CNG [LINK]
Greek World (Hellenistic/Post-Classical N. Africa). Spain under Carthage, Carthago Nova AR Shekel (Halved, 13 x 22mm, 4.10g, 11h). Second Punic War issue, temp. Barcids, ca. 237-209 BCE.
Obv: Male head left (bare head of Melqart w/ features of Hannibal?); dotted border.
Rev: Horse standing right, palm tree in background; ground line, linear border.
Ref: MHC 131–65 (unlisted dies); ACIP 603.
Prov: Ex B. G. Collection, CNG EA 477 (23 Sep 2020), Lot 1 [LINK]; CNG 88 (14 Sep 2011), Lot 2 [LINK].
Notes: This coin was cut in antiquity with one strike from a narrow chisel to the obverse, then folded until the "halves" separated. Assuming uniform thickness, it represents about 61.5% of the original mass (~6.65g), leaving ~2.55g in the other "half." Coins "sectioned" in antiquity are often described as having been "cut for change," but cut coins are also found in hacksilver hoards that may not rely on currency standards at all. (Including hoards from Spain at this time; e.g., McCabe 2015 [LINK] & van Alfen et al. 2008 [LINK].)
Given the crisis in silver currency supply after Rome regained control of Spain, another interesting prospect is whether it might've been cut for "currency conversion" (i.e., from Punic Shekel to Attic Drachm or Roman Denarius, with the remaining "half" as a lightweight Victoriatus or Hemidrachm). That hypothesis is only speculation, and doesn't seem strongly supported by data from four similar specimens sold by CNG (c. 2011-3), probably part of a hoard (3.09g, 3.51g, 3.93g, and a 5.51g example prepared for sectioning into thirds). Just for fun, though, I've nicknamed this coin the "Hannibal Denarius" (the ID of the male head as Hannibal is highly controversial, to say the least, and debated for more than 50 years).Curtis JJ
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C. Naevius Balbus DenariusAR Serrate Denarius: 18mm, 3.85 grams, Die axis: 6h
Moneyer: C. Naevius Balbus, circa 79 BCE
Obverse: Diademed head of Venus to right, H below chin, SC behind neck.
Reverse: Victory in triga to right, C.NAE BALB monogram in exergue.
Mint: Rome
References: Crawford 382/1a
Notes:
- The purpose of the serrated edge on 1st century BCE denarii is not agreed upon. One hypothesis in that it was an attempt to thwart clipping; another to prove that the coin did not contain a copper core.
- The ancestor of C. Naeveius Balbus, also of the same name, wrote the earliest known Latin epic poem. It was a versed history of the first Punic War, 264 to 241 BCE.
- 79 BCE was the year Sulla resigned his dictatorship and returned to his country estate. He died a year later.
Ex Classical Numismatics Group eAuction 121 (2005), lot 170.Pharsalos
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Caduceus, Denarius, Crawford 108/1Denomination: Denarius
Era: c. 211-208 BC
Metal: AR
Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma r. with splayed visor; “X” behind; Border of dots
Reverse: Dioscuri r.; Below, caduceus symbol; in linear frame, “ROMA”.
Mint: Uncertain
Weight: 4.37 gm.
Reference: Crawford 108/1
Provenance: NAC 84, Part II, 21-MAY-2015
Comments:
Crawford 108/1 with Caduceus symbol is a rare issue. It is believed to be later and is of completely different style from the other caduceus issue, Crawford 60/1. Well centered, nearly complete, and VF
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CALABRIA, Taras. Punic occupation, c. 212-209 BC. AR Reduced Nomos – Half-ShekelAR. 3.64 g. 20.00 mm.
Obv. Nude youth on horseback right, crowning horse with laurel wreath in his right hand, left hand on reins; ΚΛΗ above, ΣΗΡΑΜ−ΒΟΣ below.
Rev. Phalanthos, holding aphlaston in extended right hand, cradling trident in left arm, astride dolphin left; monogram to right, T-A-PAΣ below.
HN Italy 1078; Vlasto 971; SNG ANS 1263; SNG Cop. 948.
Exceptional coin, with wonderful old cabinet tone with a hint of iridescence. Hair-line flan-crack and minor metal flaw on reverse. Good EF.Leo
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CALABRIA, Taras. Punic occupation. Circa 212-209 BC. AR Reduced Nomos – Half-Shekel19.5mm, 3.90 g, 9h
Nude youth, crowning horse and holding filleted palm frond, riding horse right; KPITO-Σ below.
Phalanthos, cradling trident and holding Nike, who crowns him with wreath, astride dolphin left; EK monogram to left, ZΩ monogram to right.
Vlasto 978–80; HN Italy 1080. Lightly toned. Leo
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Calabria, TarentumPunic occupation half shekel
Nude youth on horseback to left, crowning horse with wreath; IΩ to right, ΣΩΓENHΣ below
Taras astride dolphin to left, holding cornucopiae and Nike who crowns him with wreath; TAPAΣ below.
Calabria, Tarentum ; Punic occupation, circa 212-209 BC
AR Reduced didrachm or Half-Shekel.
2.69g chipped otherwise VF+
Vlasto 975-7; HN Italy 1079; SNG France 2065; McGill II, 120 and Cote 591-93.
Ex-ANE
Rare!
The climax of the Carthaginian invasion of Italy was reached when Tarentum changed sides in 212 BC. The takeover of the city was a carefully planned coup by Hannibal and members of the city's democratic faction who opened the gates to Hannibal's army. The Carthaginians failed to take the citadel, but subsequent fortifications around this enemy stronghold enabled the city to remain under Punic control. Hannibal installed his own magistrates and struck coinage based on the Punic half shekel standard.Jay GT4
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Calabria, Tarentum. Time of Hannibal, c. 212-209 BC. Nomos3.98gg. (5h). Obv: Naked youth on horseback right, holding reins and carrying filleted palm; ΣΩKAN - NAΣ below. Rx: Taras astride dolphin left, holding aphlaston in extended right hand, cradling trident in left arm; eagle standing with wings spread behind; TAPAΣ below. Vlasto 984. HN Italy 1082. SNG ANS 1272. Perfectly struck; Mint State.
Ex Philip T. Ashton Collection. Ex Berk 130, 6 January 2003, lot 81.
Hannibal used the region around Tarentum and Metapontum as winter quarters during his occupation of southern Italy. He installed his own magistrates and struck coinage based on the Punic half shekel standard.Leo
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Campania, Neapolis. (Circa 300 BC)AR Didrachm
20 mm, 6.98 g
Obverse: Head of nymph r., wearing taenia, triple-pendant earring and necklace; four dolphins around (only the bottom two around the neck visible).
Reverse: Man-headed bull walking r., being crowned by Nike; ΘE below bull. [NE]OΠOΛI[TΩN] in exergue
Sambon 457; HNItaly 576; SNG ANS 336.
Neapolis was founded ca. 650 B.C. from Cumae (a nearby city and the first Greek colony on mainland Italy). Ancient tradition records that it had originally been named after the siren Parthenope, who had been washed ashore on the site after failing to capture Odysseus (Sil. Pun. 12.33-36). The early city, which was called Palae(o)polis, developed in the SW along the modern harbor area and included Pizzofalcone and Megaris (the Castel dell'Ovo), a small island in the harbor. Megaris itself may have been the site of a still older Rhodian trading colony (Strab. 14.2.10). Owing to the influx of Campanian immigrants, the town began to develop to the NE along a Hippodamian grid plan. This new extension was called Neapolis, while Palae(o)polis became a suburb. Incited to a war with Rome by the Greek elements, the city was captured in 326 B.C. by the proconsul Quintus Publilius Philo (Liv. 8.22.9), and the suburb ceased to exist. Neapolis then became a favored ally of the Romans; it repulsed Pyrrhos, contributed naval support during the First Punic War, and withstood the attacks of Hannibal. Nathan P
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CARTAGO NOVA - Hispania Hispano-Cartaginés, acuñada durante la II Guerra Púnica en Cartago Nova (Hoy Cartagena).
AE Calco 18 mm 9.7 gr.
Anv: Cabeza de Tanit a izquierda.
Rev: Cabeza de caballo a derecha, delante letra fenicia aleph.
Tanit fue la diosa más importante de la mitología cartaginesa, la consorte de Baal y patrona de Cartago. Era equivalente a la diosa fenicia Astarté; también fue una deidad bereber. Fue la diosa de Ibiza (Islas Baleares, España). Wikipedia
Acuñada: 220 - 215 A.C.
Ceca: Hispano-Cartaginesa, muy probablemente Cartago Nova (Hoy Cartagena - España)
Referencias: ABH #515 - Villaronga CNH #45 Pag.69mdelvalle
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CarthageCarthage (3rd century BC). AE (18 mm / 4.90 g). Head of Tanit left / Horse head right, punic letter before. cf S 6525. Possibly overstruck on another coin, traces barely visible on obverse and reverse. Ex-Barry and Darling G15
Check
ecoli
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CarthageSiculo-Punic Series
400-340 B.C.
Bronze Unit
4.72 gm, 15.5 mm
Obv.: Wreathed head of Tanit left
Rev.: Horse rearing right
Sicilian mint, c. 400-340 B.C.
SNG Cop 96,
SNG Cop 1021Jaimelai
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Carthage Carthage,. AE 19. Sardinia c. 300-264 B.C. (very few other coins were ever struck there). (5.48 grams. 6:30h). Obv: head of Tanit left, wreathed with grain. Rev: horse head and neck right.
Sear Greek 6523. Morcom 913. Ex Warren Esty.
Carthage, Rome’s first enemy off the Italian peninsula, minted coins in Sardinia, which it controlled during the First Punic War, possibly due to the close proximity of the troops. Lucas H
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Carthage - AE Trishekel?c. 201-175 BC
head of Tanit left wearing wreath of grains
horse standing right, lifting front leg
Cf. SNG Copenhagen 409-413
15,4g 27,5mm
ex Naumann
Rare bronze emegency issue replacing silver coinage after the second punic war.J. B.
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Carthage AR Quarter Shekel CARTHAGE, Second Punic War. Circa 220-205 BC. AR Quarter Shekel (14mm, 1.80 g). Wreathed head of Tanit left / Horse standing right. MAA 78; SNG Copenhagen 335. Good VF, find patina.TLP
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Carthage, Punic Spain, SNG BM Spain 67Mobile military mint, Punic Spain, C. 237-209 B.C. AE, 13mm 1.46g, MHC 114; CNH 42; SNG BM Spain 67
O: Wreathed head of Tanit l.
R: Helmet l.
After putting down the mercenary revolt, Hamilcar Barca and other Carthaginians went to Spain to “start over” in the only remaining significant Carthaginian possession outside of North Africa. They extended Carthaginian influence beyond the Punic cities of southeastern Spain and utilized the local mineral resources to help re-establish the Carthaginian empire. Hamilcar drowned in 231 BC and was succeeded by his son-in-law, Hasdrubal, who founded Carthago Nova in 229 BC. Hasbrudal was assassinated in 221 BC. Hannibal Barca succeeded his brother-in-law. In 219 BC, Hannibal took Saguntum. Rome responded by declaring war and Hannibal made preparations to invade Italy. After Hannibal was in southern Italy during the Second Punic War, Spain continued to support his efforts until P. Cornelius Scipio (later Africanus) captured Carthago Nova in 209 BC. Carthaginian forces were driven out of Spain by 206 BC and Rome maintained control after the Second Punic War.
casata137ec
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Carthage, Punic Spain, SNG BM Spain 67Mobile military mint, Punic Spain. C. 237-209 B.C. AE, 13mm 1.52g, MHC 114; CNH 42; SNG BM Spain 67
O: Wreathed head of Tanit l.
R: Helmet l.
casata137ec
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Carthage, Sardinian mint, SNG Cop 204Sardinian mint, Zeugitania, Carthage, 264-241 B.C., 20mm 6.08g, SNG Cop 204
O: Head of Tanit, l
R: horse stg r, Punic letters between legs
Ex HJB
casata137ec
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Carthage, Sardinian mint, SNG Cop 311Carthage, Sardinian mint, 221-210 BC AE, 23mm 7.52g, SNG Cop 311
Obverse: Head of Tanit left
Reverse: Horse standing right, head reverted, Punic letter below
casata137ec
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Carthage, Second Punic War (203-201 BC)BI 1½ Shekels.
25mm, 9.18g
Obverse: Wreathed head of Tanit left
Reverse: Horse standing right, head left, with leg raised.
MAA 81; SNG Copenhagen 390-3.
Billon is debased silver, an indication of the financial stress Carthage was under towards the end of the war. This particular coin would have been minted in Carthage right around the time of the decisive battle of Zama (southwest of Carthage) where the Roman General Scipio Africanus defeated Hannibal in 202 BC. Nathan P
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Carthage, Second Punic War (220-215 BC)AE Trishekel
29 mm, 18.21 g
Obverse: Head of Tanit left, wearing wreath of grain ears and single-pendant earring
Reverse: Horse standing right; palm tree in background to left.
MAA 84; Müller, Afrique 147; SNG Copenhagen 344.
The Second Punic War formally began when the Carthaginian general Hannibal and his army crossed the Alps in November of 218 BC and descended into Northern Italy. Battles raged on Italian soil for nearly 15 years until Hannibal and what remained of his army sailed for North Africa in the summer or fall of 203 BC. Shown above is a typical example of what would have been a lower-value coin issued by the Carthaginians in the early stages of the war.
Carthage was a Phoenician colony, and as such the Carthaginians were related to the Hebrews and the Canaanites (among others). Culturally they had much in common, including the use of the shekel as the primary unit of money. Likewise, the Carthaginians worshipped a variety of deities from the ancient Middle East. One in particular was the goddess Tanit. A Phoenician (Punic) goddess of war, Tanit was also a virgin mother goddess and a fertility symbol. Nathan P
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Carthage, Second Punic War, c. 216 - 205 B.C.
64035. Silver quarter shekel, Robinson NC 1964, p. 44, group I, 3; SNG Cop 348 -349; Alexandropoulos 78; HN Italy 2015, VF, scratches, 1.733g, 13.6mm, 45o, Carthage mint, c. 216 - 205 B.C.; obverse head of Tanit left, wreathed with grain, wearing necklace and earring, dot border; reverse horse standing right, dot border; ex Ancient Eagles;MagisterRiggs
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Carthage, Second Punic War. Circa 220-205 BC.AR 1/4 Shekel (14mm, 1.71 g, 12h)
Obverse- Head of Tanit left, wearing grain-ear wreath, single-pendant earring, and necklace with pendants.
Reverse- Horse standing right; pellet below.
MAA 78; SNG Copenhagen 337.b70
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Carthage, Sicilian (?) mint, SNGCop 109Sicilian (?) mint, Carthage (Punic), 4th-3rd century B.C. AE, 17mm 2.90g, SNGCop 109, Calciati 20. Sear Greek Coins and their Values (SG) #sg6444
O: Head of Tanit left, wreathed with corn
R: Horse right, palm behind
casata137ec
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CARTHAGE, Siculo-Punic Mint AE16 - Tanit/Horse + PalmCarthaginian Mint in Sicily 16mm 3.10g late 4th - early 3rd century BC.
O: Head Tanit l. wearing grain ears.
R: Horse standing r. before Palm.
Refs: Sear - , Mueller 163, SNG Cop 109-113.
Philoromaos
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Carthage, SNG Copenhagen 108Carthage, Sicilian mint, Circa 330-300 B.C. AE, 16mm, 2.86g, MAA 23; SNG Copenhagen 108
O: Date palm
R: Pegasos flying left; Punic "B" below
casata137ec
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Carthage, Tanit, Horse, O to rightCarthage
Circa 300-264 BC. Æ 18
Obv: Wreathed head of Tanit left
Rev.: Horse’s head right; Punic letter ayin to right
Æ, 5.25g, 18mm
Ref.: SNG Copenhagen 151shanxi
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Carthage, Zeugitana310-290 B.C.
Bronze AE17
1.96 gm, 17 mm
Obv.: Head of Tanit left wearing wreath of grain ears, triple drop earrings and necklace
Rev.: Horse right, in front of palm tree
Siculo-Punic, Sicilian Mint?
Sear 6444;
[SNG Cop 109, 117]
Jaimelai
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Carthage, ZeugitanaMetal/Size: AE18; Weight: 5.40 grams; Denomination: Drachm; Mint: Zeugitana, Carthage; Date: 300-264 BCE; Obverse: Head of god Tanit facing left and wreathed in corn. Reverse: Horse head facing right with Punic "O" to far right. References: SNG Cop. #225; Sear #6526; Muller II, 102, 286.museumguy
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Carthage, Zeugitania Ae UnitAE Unit
Size: 16 mm, Weight: 3.31 grams, Die Axis: 6h
Carthage, Zeugitania
400 - 350 BCE
Obverse: Wreathed bust of Tanit to left, wearing triple-drop earring.
Reverse: Horse standing to right, palm tree behind, three pellets in triangular formation to right.
References: CNP 194s
Purchased from Colonial Coins & Medals Brisbane, 2004Pharsalos
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Carthage, Zeugitania, North Africa, 201 - 175 B.C.Bronze trishekel, SNG Cop 409 ff. (various symbols), Fair, 11.078g, 26.8mm, 0o, Carthage mint, 201 - 175 B.C.; obverse head of Tanit left, wreathed in grain; reverse horse striding right, Punic letter below; scarceMagisterRiggs
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Carthage. Tanit and Stallion 1.5 Shekel of Zeugitania.Carthage. Second Punic War. c. 203-201 BC. BI Tridrachm, or 1½ Shekel (9.28 gm, 26.3mm, 12h) of Zeugitania. Wreathed head of Tanit left wearing single-pendant earrings. / Collared stallion standing right, head left, right foreleg raised. VF. SNG Cop. 8 #391-393; CNP 103; MAA 81; Müller Afrique II p.98 #230; Sear Greek II #6497.Anaximander
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Carthage: 1st Punic War, AE20.Zeugitana 300-264 B.C.- 5.13gr - 20mm, Axis 6h.
Obv: Head of Tanit left, pellet below.
Rev: Horse's head right, pellet right.
Ref: SNG Cop 170.
Provenance: Chris Scarlioli Collection.Christian Scarlioli
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Carthage: AE Shekel.Second Punic War 218-201 B.C. 4.31g - 20.9mm, Axis 12h.
Obv: Wreathed head of Tanit left.
Rev: Horse standing right, head left; palmette standard in background to left, Punic gimel to right.
Ref: CNP 232d; MAA 88o; SNG Copenhagen 319.
Provenance: Chris Scarlioli Collection.Christian Scarlioli
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Carthaginian CoinA bronze Carthaginian coin minted in Carthage between 264-241 BC. 22 mm, 8.57 g
Obverse: Head of Tanit left wearing earrings and wreathed in ears of grain
Reverse: Horse's head right
Attribution: Sear 6526, Mueller 2.102.286, SNG Copenhagen 151chuy1530
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Carthaginian CoinA bronze coin minted in Carthage or possibly Punic Sicily between 264-241 BC. 16 mm, 2.06 g
Obverse: Head of Tanit left wearing earrings and wreathed in ears of grain
Reverse: Horse standing right, date palm tree behind
Attribution: SNG Copenhagen 109chuy1530
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Carthaginian CoinA Carthaginian coin minted in Carthage or possibly Punic Sicily around 306 BC. 11 mm, 5.09 g
Obverse: Head of Tanit left wearing earrings and wreathed in ears of grain
Reverse: Horse prancing right
Attribution: SNG Copenhagen 95chuy1530
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