| Image search results - "Province" |
History of Thessalian League
The Thessalian League/confederacy was made up of several cities in the Thessalian valley in Northern Greece. This area was completely surrounded by mountains and isolated except for a few passes. It was one of the few areas of Greece self-sufficient in grain and produced livestock and horses. Thessaly had the best calvary in Greece. The league was frequently weakened by intercity rivalries and lost its strength in the 5th century BC. The league was re-established in 374 BC by the tyrant Jason. He was assassinated in 370 BC, when it became evident that he had plans of conquest against the rest of Greece. After the death of Jason, there was infighting in the league and some of the cities requested help from Philip II of Macedon to settle the rivalries, which he accomplished in 353 BC. A few years later (344 BC), Philip II simply took control of the entire area. Thessaly remained under Macedonian control until Macedonia was defeated by the Romans in 197 BC. A new league was established in 196 BC. The league continued until 146 BC, then became part of the Roman province of Macedonia.Antonivs Protti
|
|
JUSTINIAN I, AR Siliqua or Half-Siliqua, struck 537 - 552 at CarthageObverse: D N IVSTINIANVS P P AV. Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust of Justinian I facing right.
Reverse: Monogram, cross above, S below, within circle, all encircled by wreath. (SBCV Monogram 3)
Diameter: 13mm | Weight: 1.17gms | Die Axis: 6
SBCV: 254 (Siliqua) | Sommer 4.119
Scratched obverse. Not in DOC.
RARE
The monogram on the reverse of this coin was originally interpreted as being that of the Ostrogothic queen Mathasunta (cf. BMC 80, 1). However, a later re-interpretation by Wolfgang Hahn (MIB) attributed this issue as being a regular African Imperial issue of Justinian, and this is the attribution that was adopted by SBCV.
On September the 15th 533 Justinian's army, led by Belisarius, entered the city of Carthage and brought it back into the Roman Empire after 98 years of Vandal rule. In March 534 the Vandal king Gelimer surrendered to Belisarius ending the Vandal kingdom and returning the African provinces to the empire. Large numbers of captured Vandals were transported to Constantinople and in April Belisarius returned there too and was permitted by Justinian I to celebrate a triumph, the first non-imperial triumph for over 500 years.*Alex
|
|
1st Century CE, IRON AGE BRITAIN, Tribe: Iceni, AR Unit, Struck c.60 - 61 under Boudica (Boadicea)Obverse: No legend. Abstract Celtic style head with slit for eye and no ear facing right. Three pellets below head, branch emblem behind neck.
Reverse: No legend. Celtic style horse facing right, lozenge-shaped box with pellets on outer corners below horse. Section of large elaborate wheel-like object above horse, pellet below horse's tail.
Class: Icenian O
Diameter: 14mm | Weight: 0.9gms | Axis: 10
Spink: 434
The first known recorded example of this coin was made by William Stukely, an English antiquarian whose ideas influenced various antiquaries throughout the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Stukeley published over twenty books on archaeology and other subjects during his lifetime and he is regarded as an important forerunner of archaeology for his emphasis on methodically measuring and documenting ancient sites. He died of a stroke in early 1765.
The theory that this coinage was connected with Boudica was originally reported in 1987 and this was endorsed by R D Van Arsdell, an authority on the Celtic coinage of Britain, as Boudican in the 1990's. At the time though this was disputed by many in the numismatic community, some of whom continued to rely on older studies that lumped all "Face-Horse" coins together in a group dating before 20 CE.
However, John Talbot of the University of Oxford carried out research on these issues and, as his die-link and hoard work gradually progressed through the 1990's into the early twenty-first century, these coins were confirmed to be the final coinage of the Iceni. As Talbot's findings were only gradually revealed over a period of time, the accepted dating used in some dealer catalogues did not always keep up with the latest information. During his studies, Talbot discovered that coins from several die sets are only found in the Boudican Rebellion hoards. He also confirmed that these coins were struck in abnormally great numbers for any Icenian issue. But, because he was not certain that this was enough evidence to date the coins to 61 CE. he suggested only that they could have been struck any time after the Claudian Invasion of 43 CE.
Considering though that some die sets are known only from the Boudican Rebellion hoards, that it is still the case that these coins appear in uncirculated condition in the hoards, and that to date none of these coins have been found from secure contexts earlier than the time of the Boudican rebellion, it would appear that the 1987 report was essentially correct and these coins must have been struck nearer to the date of the Boudican Rebellion than earlier, possibly in connection with the financing of that rebellion. The conclusion now is that these coins can, with some confidence, be attributed to Boudica.
THE ICENI
The Iceni were a tribe located in eastern Britain during the Iron Age and the early Roman era. Their territory was bordered by the Corieltauvi to the west, and the Catuvellauni and Trinovantes to the south. In the Roman period, their capital was Venta Icenorum at modern-day Caistor St Edmund.
Julius Caesar did not mention the Iceni in his account of his invasions of Britain in 55 and 54 BC, though they may have been related to the Cenimagni, whom Caesar notes as living north of the River Thames at that time. The Iceni were a significant power in eastern Britain during Claudius I's conquest of Britain in AD 43, in which they allied with Rome. Increasing Roman influence on their affairs led to a revolt in AD 47, though they remained nominally independent under king Prasutagus up until his death around AD 60. Roman encroachment after Prasutagus' death led his wife Boudica to launch a major revolt from 60–61. Boudica's uprising seriously endangered Roman rule in Britain and resulted in the burning of Londinium and other cities. The Romans finally crushed the rebellion, and the Iceni were eventually incorporated into the Roman province.
Archaeological evidence of the Iceni includes torcs, which are heavy rings of gold, silver or electrum worn around the neck and shoulders. The Iceni began producing coins around 10 BC. Their coins were a distinctive adaptation of the Gallo-Belgic "face/horse" design, and in some early issues, most numerous near Norwich, the horse was replaced with a boar. Some coins are inscribed ECENI, making them the only coin-producing group to use their tribal name on coins. The earliest personal name to appear on coins is Antedios (about 10 BC), and other abbreviated names like AESU and SAEMU followed. The name of Prasutagus also appears on some coins as PRASTO.
QUEEN BOUDICA
Queen Boudica was married to Prasutagus, ruler of the Iceni people of East Anglia. When the Romans conquered southern England in AD 43, they allowed Prasutagus to continue to rule. However, when Prasutagus died he left a will dividing his lands between the Roman emperor and his family. The Romans decided to rule the Iceni directly and confiscated all the king's property. When this was contested they are said to have stripped and flogged Boudica and raped her daughters. These actions exacerbated the widespread resentment at Roman rule.
In 60 or 61 AD, while the Roman governor Gaius Suetonius Paullinus was leading a campaign in North Wales, the Iceni rebelled, other tribes joined them, and Boudica led a major uprising against the occupying Roman forces.
Boudica's warriors defeated the Roman Ninth Legion and destroyed the then capital of Roman Britain, Camulodunum (Colchester). They then went on to destroy Londinium (London) and Verulamium (St Albans) killing thousands in the process. Finally, Boudica was defeated by a Roman army led by Paulinus. A great number of her army were killed and, though Boudica's fate is unknown, she is alleged to have either died in battle or poisoned herself to avoid capture. The site of the battle which brought an end to her uprising is also unknown.
The photograph below is of the Victorian statue of Boudica (Boadicea) situated on the Thames embankment in London.
CLICK ON THE IMAGES BELOW TO ENLARGE THEM
  *Alex
|
|
195 - 211, SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS, AR Denarius, Struck 210 at Rome, alluding to BritanniaObverse: SEVERVS PIVS AVG BRIT. Laureate head of Septimius Severus facing right.
Reverse: VICTORIAE BRIT. Victory standing right, holding palm branch in her right hand and placing uninscribed shield on palm tree with her left.
Diameter: 20mm | Weight: 2.83gms | Die Axis: 7h
RIC IV: 336 | RSC: 730 | SRCV: 6384 | SPINK: 651A
SCARCE
This coin commemorates the success of the Roman campaigns in Scotland during 209 and 210 culminating in the death of Severus at York, England, in February 211.
SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS
Lucius Septimius Severus was Roman emperor from 193 to 211. He was born in Leptis Magna in the Roman province of Africa.
Severus seized power after the death of the emperor Pertinax in 193 (the Year of the Five Emperors).
After consolidating his rule over the western provinces, Severus waged a brief, successful war in the east against the Parthian Empire, sacked their capital Ctesiphon, expanded the eastern frontier to the Tigris and enlarged and fortified the Limes Arabicus in Arabia Petraea. In 202, he campaigned in Africa and Mauretania against the Garamantes, captured their capital Garama and expanded the Limes Tripolitanus along the southern desert frontier of the empire. In 198 he raised his elder son Caracalla to Augustus and in 209 did the same to his younger son, Geta.
In AD 209 Severus invaded Caledonia (modern Scotland) with an army of 50,000 men, but he fell fatally ill of an infectious disease in late 210 and died at Eboracum (York, England) early in 211.
SEVERUS' CAMPAIGNS IN BRITAIN
In 208 Septimius Severus travelled to Britain with the intention of conquering Caledonia (Scotland). Modern archaeological discoveries have helped to throw some light on the scope and direction of this northern campaign.
Severus began by occupying the territory up to the Antonine Wall, this is evidenced by extensive Severan era fortifications and the likely reoccupation of some of the forts on that wall. Over the previous years Hadrian's Wall had fallen into disrepair and Severus strengthened and repaired much of it, he did this to such an extent that many early Antiquarians thought that he was the emperor who had actually built it. Severus constructed a 165-acre (67 ha) camp south of the Antonine Wall at Trimontium, probably assembling the main body of his forces there. Severus then thrust north across the Antonine Wall into Caledonian territory, supported and supplied by a strong naval force. He retraced the steps of Agricola of over a century before, rebuilding many abandoned Roman forts along the east coast, and he re-garrisoned the naval base at Carpow, likely built by Commodus in 185, and possibly the place named as "Horrea Classis" or "Poreo Classis" in the Ravenna Cosmography.
By 210 Severus' campaigning had made significant gains, despite Caledonian guerrilla tactics and purportedly heavy Roman casualties.
According to Cassius Dio: “Severus did not desist until he approached the extremity of the island. Here he observed most accurately the variation of the sun's motion and the length of the days and the nights in summer and winter respectively. Having thus been conveyed through practically the whole of the hostile country (for he actually was conveyed in a covered litter most of the way, on account of his infirmity), he returned to the friendly portion, after he had forced the Britons to come to terms, on the condition that they should abandon a large part of their territory.”
The Caledonians had sued for peace, which Severus had granted on the condition that they relinquished control of the Central Lowlands of Scotland, but later that year (210), they, along with the Maeatae, revolted. Severus prepared for another campaign, now intent on exterminating the Caledonians. However the campaign was cut short when Severus fell ill and withdrew south to Eboracum (York) where he died on 4 February 211. Severus was succeeded by his sons, Caracalla and Geta. Caracalla continued campaigning in Caledonia during 212 but soon settled for peace, and shortly after that the frontier was withdrawn south to Hadrian's Wall.
On his death, Severus was deified by the Senate and his remains were buried in the Mausoleum of Hadrian in Rome.
CLICK ON IMAGES BELOW TO ENLARGE THEM
 
*Alex
|
|
195 - 211, SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS, AR Denarius, Struck 210 at Rome, alluding to BritanniaObverse: SEVERVS PIVS AVG BRIT. Laureate head of Septimius Severus facing right.
Reverse: VICTORIAE BRIT. Victory seated on shield facing left, holding another shield resting on her knee in her right hand and palm branch in her left.
Diameter: 19mm | Weight: 2.35gms | Die Axis: 12h
RIC IV: 335 | RSC: 731 | SRCV: 6385 | SPINK: 651C
SCARCE
This coin commemorates the success of the Roman campaigns in Scotland during 209 and 210 culminating in the death of Severus at York, England, in February 211.
SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS
Lucius Septimius Severus was Roman emperor from 193 to 211. He was born in Leptis Magna in the Roman province of Africa.
Severus seized power after the death of the emperor Pertinax in 193 (the Year of the Five Emperors).
After consolidating his rule over the western provinces, Severus waged a brief, successful war in the east against the Parthian Empire, sacked their capital Ctesiphon, expanded the eastern frontier to the Tigris and enlarged and fortified the Limes Arabicus in Arabia Petraea. In 202, he campaigned in Africa and Mauretania against the Garamantes, captured their capital Garama and expanded the Limes Tripolitanus along the southern desert frontier of the empire. In 198 he raised his elder son Caracalla to Augustus and in 209 did the same to his younger son, Geta.
In AD 209 Severus invaded Caledonia (modern Scotland) with an army of 50,000 men, but he fell fatally ill of an infectious disease in late 210 and died at Eboracum (York, England) early in 211.
SEVERUS' CAMPAIGNS IN BRITAIN
In 208 Septimius Severus travelled to Britain with the intention of conquering Caledonia (Scotland). Modern archaeological discoveries have helped to throw some light on the scope and direction of this northern campaign.
Severus began by occupying the territory up to the Antonine Wall, this is evidenced by extensive Severan era fortifications and the likely reoccupation of some of the forts on that wall. Over the previous years Hadrian's Wall had fallen into disrepair and Severus strengthened and repaired much of it, he did this to such an extent that many early Antiquarians thought that he was the emperor who had actually built it. Severus constructed a 165-acre (67 ha) camp south of the Antonine Wall at Trimontium, probably assembling the main body of his forces there. Severus then thrust north across the Antonine Wall into Caledonian territory, supported and supplied by a strong naval force. He retraced the steps of Agricola of over a century before, rebuilding many abandoned Roman forts along the east coast, and he re-garrisoned the naval base at Carpow, likely built by Commodus in 185, and possibly the place named as "Horrea Classis" or "Poreo Classis" in the Ravenna Cosmography.
By 210 Severus' campaigning had made significant gains, despite Caledonian guerrilla tactics and purportedly heavy Roman casualties.
According to Cassius Dio: “Severus did not desist until he approached the extremity of the island. Here he observed most accurately the variation of the sun's motion and the length of the days and the nights in summer and winter respectively. Having thus been conveyed through practically the whole of the hostile country (for he actually was conveyed in a covered litter most of the way, on account of his infirmity), he returned to the friendly portion, after he had forced the Britons to come to terms, on the condition that they should abandon a large part of their territory.”
The Caledonians had sued for peace, which Severus had granted on the condition that they relinquished control of the Central Lowlands of Scotland, but later that year (210), they, along with the Maeatae, revolted. Severus prepared for another campaign, now intent on exterminating the Caledonians. However the campaign was cut short when Severus fell ill and withdrew south to Eboracum (York) where he died on 4 February 211. Severus was succeeded by his sons, Caracalla and Geta. Caracalla continued campaigning in Caledonia during 212 but soon settled for peace, and shortly after that the frontier was withdrawn south to Hadrian's Wall.
On his death, Severus was deified by the Senate and his remains were buried in the Mausoleum of Hadrian in Rome.
CLICK ON IMAGES BELOW TO ENLARGE THEM
*Alex
|
|
195 - 211, SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS, AR Denarius, Struck 210 at Rome, alluding to BritanniaObverse: SEVERVS PIVS AVG BRIT. Laureate head of Septimius Severus facing right.
Reverse: VICTORIAE BRIT. Victory advancing right, holding wreath in her outstretched right hand and palm branch in her left.
Diameter: 19mm | Weight: 3.5gms | Die Axis: 6h
RIC IV: 332 | RSC: 727 | SRCV: 6382 | SPINK: 650
SCARCE
This coin commemorates the success of the Roman campaigns in Scotland during 209 and 210 culminating in the death of Severus at York, England, in February 211.
SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS
Lucius Septimius Severus was Roman emperor from 193 to 211. He was born in Leptis Magna in the Roman province of Africa.
Severus seized power after the death of the emperor Pertinax in 193 (the Year of the Five Emperors).
After consolidating his rule over the western provinces, Severus waged a brief, successful war in the east against the Parthian Empire, sacked their capital Ctesiphon, expanded the eastern frontier to the Tigris and enlarged and fortified the Limes Arabicus in Arabia Petraea. In 202, he campaigned in Africa and Mauretania against the Garamantes, captured their capital Garama and expanded the Limes Tripolitanus along the southern desert frontier of the empire. In 198 he raised his elder son Caracalla to Augustus and in 209 did the same to his younger son, Geta.
In AD 209 Severus invaded Caledonia (modern Scotland) with an army of 50,000 men, but he fell fatally ill of an infectious disease in late 210 and died at Eboracum (York, England) early in 211.
SEVERUS' CAMPAIGNS IN BRITAIN
In 208 Septimius Severus travelled to Britain with the intention of conquering Caledonia (Scotland). Modern archaeological discoveries have helped to throw some light on the scope and direction of this northern campaign.
Severus began by occupying the territory up to the Antonine Wall, this is evidenced by extensive Severan era fortifications and the likely reoccupation of some of the forts on that wall. Over the previous years Hadrian's Wall had fallen into disrepair and Severus strengthened and repaired much of it, he did this to such an extent that many early Antiquarians thought that he was the emperor who had actually built it. Severus constructed a 165-acre (67 ha) camp south of the Antonine Wall at Trimontium, probably assembling the main body of his forces there. Severus then thrust north across the Antonine Wall into Caledonian territory, supported and supplied by a strong naval force. He retraced the steps of Agricola of over a century before, rebuilding many abandoned Roman forts along the east coast, and he re-garrisoned the naval base at Carpow, likely built by Commodus in 185, and possibly the place named as "Horrea Classis" or "Poreo Classis" in the Ravenna Cosmography.
By 210 Severus' campaigning had made significant gains, despite Caledonian guerrilla tactics and purportedly heavy Roman casualties.
According to Cassius Dio: “Severus did not desist until he approached the extremity of the island. Here he observed most accurately the variation of the sun's motion and the length of the days and the nights in summer and winter respectively. Having thus been conveyed through practically the whole of the hostile country (for he actually was conveyed in a covered litter most of the way, on account of his infirmity), he returned to the friendly portion, after he had forced the Britons to come to terms, on the condition that they should abandon a large part of their territory.”
The Caledonians had sued for peace, which Severus had granted on the condition that they relinquished control of the Central Lowlands of Scotland, but later that year (210), they, along with the Maeatae, revolted. Severus prepared for another campaign, now intent on exterminating the Caledonians. However the campaign was cut short when Severus fell ill and withdrew south to Eboracum (York) where he died on 4 February 211. Severus was succeeded by his sons, Caracalla and Geta. Caracalla continued campaigning in Caledonia during 212 but soon settled for peace, and shortly after that the frontier was withdrawn south to Hadrian's Wall.
On his death, Severus was deified by the Senate and his remains were buried in the Mausoleum of Hadrian in Rome.
CLICK ON IMAGES BELOW TO ENLARGE THEM
*Alex
|
|
268 - 270, Roman Imitative Antoninianus (Barbarous Radiate), produced in Britain and the continent. Struck in the name of CLAUDIUS IIObverse: Unclear partial inscription. Radiate head of Claudius II facing right.
Reverse: Unclear partial inscription. Crude depiction of Pax standing facing left, right arm outstretched in front of her holding branch. Struck off-centre.
Hoard find from Northern England.
Diameter: 15mm | Weight: 1.6gms | Die Axis: 4
SPINK: 749
The term 'barbarous radiates', dating from its use by antiquarians in the 19th century, is still often used to refer to the locally produced unofficial coins which imitated the official Roman antoninianii of the period. These coins were not struck by barbarians outwith the Empire as the name would suggest, nor were they intrinsically forgeries or fakes. Instead they were the result of a period of great instability within the Roman empire during which the western provinces especially often experienced a severe lack of coinage. To fill this void small denomination coinage was unofficially issued in very large numbers. Though some of these coins are fairly close copies of the official coins which they imitate, many others have been produced by die engravers who were patently illiterate and often of limited ability artistically as well. Around 274 Aurelian banned the use of these imitative bronzes when he reformed the currency but it is possible that some "barbarous radiates" were still being produced after that date. Whether individual coins are of British or Continental mintage can really only be ascertained by provenance.
*Alex
|
|
271 - 274, Roman Imitative Antoninianus (Barbarous Radiate), produced in Britain and the continent. Struck in the name of TETRICUS IObverse: (TETR)ICVS P F AVG. Radiate head of Tetricus I facing right.
Reverse: (PA)X AVGG Crude depiction of Pax standing facing left, right arm outstretched in front of her and holding vertical spear in her left.
From a hoard found in Northern England.
Diameter: 14mm | Weight: 1.6gms | Die Axis: 6
SPINK: 749
The term 'barbarous radiates', dating from its use by antiquarians in the 19th century, is still often used to refer to the locally produced unofficial coins which imitated the official Roman antoninianii of the period. These coins were not struck by barbarians outwith the Empire as the name would suggest, nor were they intrinsically forgeries or fakes. Instead they were the result of a period of great instability within the Roman empire during which the western provinces especially often experienced a severe lack of coinage. To fill this void small denomination coinage was unofficially issued in very large numbers. Though some of these coins are fairly close copies of the official coins which they imitate, many others have been produced by die engravers who were patently illiterate and often of limited ability artistically as well. Around 274 Aurelian banned the use of these imitative bronzes when he reformed the currency but it is possible that some "barbarous radiates" were still being produced after that date. Whether individual coins are of British or Continental mintage can really only be ascertained by provenance.
*Alex
|
|
271 - 274, Roman Imitative Antoninianus (Barbarous Radiate), produced in Britain and the continent. Struck in the name of TETRICUS II as CAESARObverse: Blundered legend - - IVES - -. Radiate bust of Tetricus II facing right.
Reverse: Likely (PIETA)S AVG. Sacrificial Implements.
From an uncertain British location.
Diameter: 14.5mm | Weight: 2.29gms | Die Axis: 2
SPINK: 749
The term 'barbarous radiates', dating from its use by antiquarians in the 19th century, is still often used to refer to the locally produced unofficial coins which imitated the official Roman antoninianii of the period. These coins were not struck by barbarians outwith the Empire as the name would suggest, nor were they intrinsically forgeries or fakes. Instead they were the result of a period of great instability within the Roman empire during which the western provinces especially often experienced a severe lack of coinage. To fill this void small denomination coinage was unofficially issued in very large numbers. Though some of these coins are fairly close copies of the official coins which they imitate, many others have been produced by die engravers who were patently illiterate and often of limited ability artistically as well. Around 274 Aurelian banned the use of these imitative bronzes when he reformed the currency but it is possible that some "barbarous radiates" were still being produced after that date. Whether individual coins are of British or Continental mintage can really only be ascertained by provenance.
*Alex
|
|
274, Roman Imitative Antoninianus (Barbarous Radiate), produced in Britain and the continent. Struck in the name of TETRICUS II as AUGUSTUSObverse: (IMP C TET)RICVS AG. Radiate bust of Tetricus II facing right, seen from behind.
Reverse: Struck from extremely worn reverse die which possibly depicts Salus feeding serpent arising from altar.
Diameter: 14mm | Weight: 1.7gms | Die Axis: 6
SPINK: 749
RARE
This is an irregular issue (barbarous radiate) giving Tetricus II the title of Augustus rather than Caesar.
Interestingly the Historia Augusta makes this statement with regard to Aurelian's triumph in A.D.274. "In the procession was Tetricus also, arrayed in a scarlet cloak, a yellow tunic, and Gallic trousers, and with him his son, whom he had proclaimed in Gaul as Imperator." (Historia Augusta, xxxiv, iii). Imperator was a title that invariably, when referring to an Imperial figure, implied the rank of Augustus, but no regular official coinage issues of Tetricus II citing him as such are known.
The term 'barbarous radiates', dating from its use by antiquarians in the 19th century, is still often used to refer to the locally produced unofficial coins which imitated the official Roman antoninianii of the period. These coins were not struck by barbarians outwith the Empire as the name would suggest, nor were they intrinsically forgeries or fakes. Instead they were the result of a period of great instability within the Roman empire during which the western provinces especially often experienced a severe lack of coinage. To fill this void small denomination coinage was unofficially issued in very large numbers. Though some of these coins are fairly close copies of the official coins which they imitate, many others have been produced by die engravers who were patently illiterate and often of limited ability artistically as well. Around 274 Aurelian banned the use of these imitative bronzes when he reformed the currency but it is possible that some "barbarous radiates" were still being produced after that date. Whether individual coins are of British or Continental mintage can really only be ascertained by provenance.
*Alex
|
|
796 – c.835, EANBALD II, Archbishop of York, Northumbria, AE Styca, struck c.830 - 835 at York, EnglandObverse: + EANBALD AR around small Greek cross. Greek cross in legend.
Reverse: + EDILVARD around cross pommée. Cross pommée in legend. Moneyer: Aethelweard
Phase 1b issue
Diameter: 13mm | Weight: 1.0gms | Die Axis: 6h
SPINK: 861 | British Numismatic Journal (1916) – (H A Parsons, The coins of Archbishop Eanbald II of York): 60
Initially a base silver coin, after the devastating Viking attack on Lindisfarne in 793, with its subsequent commercial impact on the kingdom of Northumberland, the second issue of stycas under King Eanred were debased by having their silver content replaced by zinc. There was a further debasement of the coinage in 829 after Eanred's submission to Ecgberht of Wessex, such that the styca became basically a copper alloy coin.
Eanbald II was, prior to his elevation to the archiepiscopate, a priest of the Church of York. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records his consecration as Archbishop on 14th August, 796, immediately after the death of the first prelate of the same name.
In the year 797, Eanbald II is recorded as having assisted in the recovery of the rights of the see of Canterbury, which had been much impaired during the reign of King Offa of Mercia in order that his new primacy at Lichfield might be promoted. In this work of restitution, Eanbald collaborated with Æthelhard, Archbishop of Canterbury, who had appealed to Rome over the matter. The case was also presented to Coenwulf, the successor of Offa, and he was persuaded by the two prelates to refer the question to the Pope which resulted in Offa's new archiepiscopal see of Lichfield being abolished.
In 798 Eanbald convened a great synod at Finchale, near Durham. There, he enacted a number of regulations relating to the ecclesiastical courts and the observance of Easter.
Early on Eanbald became estranged from Eardwulf, King of Northumbria, after denouncing Eardwulf's adulteries and sheltering Eardwulf's enemies by giving them church sanctuary. But Eardwulf seems to have been deposed in around 806 and was eventually succeeded by Eanred around 810.
No record of Eanbald II's death survives and the time of his death has been variously estimated to range from as early as 808 to as late as 835, the latter date based on numismatic evidence.
The Kingdom of Northumbria was a medieval Anglian kingdom in what is now Northern England and South-east Scotland. The name derives from the Old English Norþan-hymbre meaning "the people or province north of the Humber", Northumbria started to consolidate into one kingdom in the early seventh century when the two earlier territories of Deira and Bernicia united. At its height, the kingdom extended from the Humber Estuary in the south to the Firth of Forth (now in Scotland) in the north.
Northumbria ceased to be an independent kingdom in the mid-tenth century.
*Alex
|
|
810 - 841, EANRED, Anglo-Saxon king of Northumbria, AE Styca, Struck c.830 - 835 at York, EnglandObverse: + EANRED REX around small cross pattée. Cross pattée in legend.
Reverse: + FORDRED around small cross patoncé. Cross pattée in legend. Moneyer: Fordred.
Phase 1b issue
Grey patina with slight silver sheen
Diameter: 12mm | Weight: 0.9gms | Die Axis: 12h
SPINK: 862
Initially a base silver coin, after the devastating Viking attack on Lindisfarne in 793, with its subsequent commercial impact on the kingdom of Northumberland, Eanred's second issue of stycas were debased by having their silver content replaced by zinc. There was a further debasement of the coinage in 829 after Eanred's submission to Ecgberht of Wessex, such that the styca became basically a copper alloy coin.
Eanred was king of Northumbria in the early ninth century.but very little is known for certain about him. Roger of Wendover, a 13th century English chronicler, states that Eanred reigned from 810 until 840, but the twelfth-century History of the Church of Durham records a reign of 33 years. Given the turbulence of Northumbrian history in this period, a reign of this length suggests a figure of some significance. Eanred was the son of King Eardwulf, who was deposed by an otherwise unknown Ælfwald in 806. According to the History of the Church of Durham, Ælfwald ruled for two years before Eanred succeeded. However Frankish sources claim that, after being expelled from England, Eardwulf was received by Charlemagne and then the pope, and that their envoys escorted him back to Northumbria and secured his restoration to power. The precise nature of the succession of Eanred is therefore unclear but all the sources agree that Eanred was eventually succeeded by his son, Æthelred.
The Kingdom of Northumbria was a medieval Anglian kingdom in what is now Northern England and South-east Scotland. The name derives from the Old English Norþan-hymbre meaning "the people or province north of the Humber", Northumbria started to consolidate into one kingdom in the early seventh century when the two earlier territories of Deira and Bernicia united. At its height, the kingdom extended from the Humber Estuary in the south to the Firth of Forth (now in Scotland) in the north.
Northumbria ceased to be an independent kingdom in the mid-tenth century.
*Alex
|
|
837 - 854, WIGMUND, Anglo-Saxon Archbishop of York, Northumbria, AE Styca, Struck at York, EnglandObverse: + VIGMVND I R around group of seven pellets. Cross pattée in legend.
Reverse: + HVNLAF around cross pommée. Cross pattée in legend. Moneyer: Hunlaf.
Issue: Phase II, Group Ci
Diameter: 13mm | Weight: 0.9gms | Die Axis: Uncertain
SPINK: 870
The first appearance of the styca, a new style of small coin which replaced the earlier sceat, was at the beginning of the ninth century. The first stycas were of low silver content but later coins became effectively brass. Produced in York, several moneyers are named on the surviving coins, suggesting that they were minted in significant quantities. Stycas were minted under the kings, Aethelred I, Eardwulf, Aelfwald II, Eanred, Aethelred II, Redwulf, and Osberht, as well as for the Archbishops of York, Eanbald I, Eanbald II, Wigmund, and Wulfhere.
Wigmund was consecrated as Archbishop of York in 837 and died in 854.
The Kingdom of Northumbria was a medieval Anglian kingdom in what is now Northern England and South-east Scotland. The name derives from the Old English Norþan-hymbre meaning "the people or province north of the Humber", Northumbria started to consolidate into one kingdom in the early seventh century when the two earlier territories of Deira and Bernicia united. At its height, the kingdom extended from the Humber Estuary in the south to the Firth of Forth (now in Scotland) in the north.
Northumbria ceased to be an independent kingdom in the mid-tenth century.
*Alex
|
|
841 - 849, ÆTHELRED II, Anglo-Saxon king of Northumbria, AE Styca, Struck 841 - 844 at York, EnglandObverse: + EDILRED REX around large Greek cross, small Greek cross in legend.
Reverse: + EANRED around small Greek cross. Small Greek cross in legend. Moneyer: Eanred.
Issue: First Reign, Phase II, Group Cii
Diameter: 13mm | Weight: 0.9gms | Die Axis: 12
SPINK: 865 | Pirie: 1374 (same dies)
The new styca coinage, small brass coins containing very little silver and much zinc introduced at the beginning of the century, continued to be minted in large quantities by a number of different moneyers at York during Æthelred's reign.
Æthelred II was king of Northumbria in the middle of the ninth century, but, as with his father, his dates are uncertain. Relatively little is known of Æthelred's reign from the surviving documentary record. He appears to have been expelled in favour of Rædwulf, whose reign is confirmed by the evidence of coinage. However, Rædwulf was killed that same year fighting against the Vikings and Æthelred was restored to power. Æthelred was assassinated a few years later, but no further details are known of his murder. Æthelred II was succeeded by Osberht.
N. J. Higham, reader of history at Manchester University and author of several books on the Anglo-Saxons dates Æthelred II's reign as from 840 until his death in 848, with an interruption in 844 when Rædwulf briefly usurped the throne. Barbara Yorke, Emeritus professor of Medieval history at the University of Winchester agrees, but dates his death slightly later to 848 or 849.
The Kingdom of Northumbria was a medieval Anglian kingdom in what is now Northern England and South-east Scotland. The name derives from the Old English Norþan-hymbre meaning "the people or province north of the Humber", Northumbria started to consolidate into one kingdom in the early seventh century when the two earlier territories of Deira and Bernicia united. At its height, the kingdom extended from the Humber Estuary in the south to the Firth of Forth (now in Scotland) in the north.
Northumbria ceased to be an independent kingdom in the mid-tenth century.
*Alex
|
|
843 - 855, IRREGULAR ISSUE, AE Styca, struck at York, EnglandObverse: + FGMVND (Wigmund) retrograde around group of five pellets in the form found on a dice. Cross pattée in legend.
Reverse: + EARDVVL retrograde around small cross with pellet in each of it's four angles. Cross pommée in legend. Moneyer: Eardwulf.
Diameter: 13mm | Weight: 1.16gms | Die Axis: Uncertain
SPINK: 872
This coin is an irregular issue which imitates an issue of Wigmund, who was Archbishop of York from around 837 to c.850, and the moneyer Eardwulf. Eardwulf was not a moneyer of regular coins for Wigmund so this coin is a bit of a concoction, something that is not uncommon with these irregular issues. Irregular stycas appear in a wide variety of types and a wide variety of imitative legends which are often blundered and sometimes completely unintelligible. The first appearance of the styca, a new style of small coin which replaced the earlier sceat, was at the beginning of the ninth century. Minted in York, several moneyers are named on the surviving coins, suggesting that they were struck in significant quantities. The written sources for late Northumbria are few, however the archaeological evidence from coinage is independent of the surviving annals and the evidence of Northumbrian coinage is particularly valuable when, in the ninth century, contemporary written evidence all but disappears.
These irregular issue coins were struck at a period of great instability in Northumbria. The last king to mint official stycas in any great quantity was Æthelred II who came to the throne around 841. Æthelred was assassinated around 848 and was succeeded by Osberht who was apparently killed in a battle with the Vikings around 867. The "Great Heathen Army" of Danish Vikings had marched on Northumbria in 866, they captured and sacked York towards the end of that year. Osberht was reputedly replaced as king by Ælla who is described in most sources as a tyrant, and not a rightful king, though one source states that he was Osberht's brother and fought and died alongside him. Evidence about Northumbrian royal chronology is unreliable prior to 867 and, though the beginning of Ælla's reign is traditionally dated to 862 or 863, his reign may not have begun until as late as 866. Ælla was apparently captured and killed by the Vikings, and after that the Vikings appointed one Ecgberht to rule Northumbria.
Official styca production ceased at some time during Osberht's reign although stycas remained in circulation until the Viking conquest of Northumbria in 867.
The Kingdom of Northumbria was a medieval Anglian kingdom in what is now Northern England and South-east Scotland. The name derives from the Old English Norþan-hymbre meaning "the people or province north of the Humber", Northumbria started to consolidate into one kingdom in the early seventh century when the two earlier territories of Deira and Bernicia united. At its height, the kingdom extended from the Humber Estuary in the south to the Firth of Forth (now in Scotland) in the north.
Northumbria ceased to be an independent kingdom in the mid-tenth century.*Alex
|
|
EAGLE, GORDIAN & TRANQUILLINA. ANCHIALUS. AE 26. Eagle. GORDIAN & TRANQUILLINA. ANCHIALUS. AE 26. Eagle. Choice
ROMAN PROVINCES - THRACE, ANCHIALUS
GORDIAN III, Emperor, AD 238-244
GORDIAN III & TRANQUILLINA
AE27 (Copper, 13.02 grams, 26.50 mm).
Obverse: Greek legend: AVT K M AN GORDIANOC CAV CAB / TPANKVLLI/NA Their two draped busts confronted.
Reverse: Greek legend: OVLPIANWN ANXIALEVN Eagle standing facing on thunderbolt with open wings, head right, holding wreath in its beak. Reference: Sear GIC -, BMC # 21 page 86.
6500 Antonivs Protti
|
|
CANADA, Tokens. Nova Scotia. William IV. King of Great Britain, 1830-1837.
CU Penny Token (34.5 mm, 14.27 g, 6 h)
Belleville (New Jersey) mint. Dated 1832, but struck circa 1835.
PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA
Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right
ONE PENNY TOKEN, thistle with two leaves; 1832 below
Charlton NS-4A2; Breton 870
Canadian catalogs traditionally give this issue to an illicit mint in Montreal. Wayne Jacobs1 argues that these were struck in Belleville. While his methodology is somewhat questionable - most of his theory is based off a unreliable editorial in an 1893 edition of the Newark Sunday Call - his reasoning regarding this series is sound. He is able to clearly demonstrate that the halfpenny and penny tokens in question are a product of a single, cohesive establishment which could not have been located in Lower Canada. Finally, Jacobs' claim can be supported by documentary evidence from the Belleville mint's primary competitor, the Scoville Company of Waterbury, Connecticut. A letter from J.M.L. to W.H. Scoville, dated April 4 1839, states that, "a competitor was stamping Canada Nova Scotia and Southern coins at 35 cents a pound."
1. Jacobs, Wayne. 1996. “The Shadowy Issues of the Belleville Mint.” Canadian Numismatic Journal 41 1: 13–26.Ardatirion
|
|
CANADA, Nova Scotia. William IV King of Great Britain, 1830-1837
CU Halfpenny Token
Belleville (New Jersey) mint. Dated 1832, but struck circa 1835
PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right
HALFPENNY TOKEN, thistle with two leaves; 1832 below
Charlton NS-3A1; Corteau 277; Breton 871
The first obverse die for the series. This obverse would be extensively reused, eventually rusting, being polished and re-engraved, and develop the diagnostic die break before the nose.
Ardatirion
|
|
CANADA, Nova Scotia. William IV King of Great Britain, 1830-1837
CU Halfpenny Token
Belleville (New Jersey) mint. Dated 1832, but struck circa 1835
PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right
HALFPENNY TOKEN, thistle with two leaves; 1832 below
Charlton NS-3A2; Corteau 278, tentative die state 6; Breton 871
“Old residents state that these counterfeits were brought, in large quantities to St. John, N.B., and from thence distributed through fishing vessels to Nova Scotian out ports. And informant tells of having seen a fisherman from Yarmouth paid for his catch in this coin.” R.W. McLachlan (Annals of the Nova Scotian Coinage, p. 37)Ardatirion
|
|
CANADA, Nova Scotia. William IV King of Great Britain, 1830-1837
CU Halfpenny Token
Belleville (New Jersey) mint. Dated 1832, but struck circa 1835
PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right
HALFPENNY TOKEN, thistle with two leaves; 1832 (over 1382) below
Charlton NS-3C; Corteau 281; Breton 871
This reverse die was initially engraved with the anachronistic date 1382, but was quickly caught and corrected, leaving only a handful of that extremely rare variety known today. Ardatirion
|
|
CANADA, Nova Scotia. William IV King of Great Britain, 1830-1837
CU Halfpenny Token
Belleville (New Jersey) mint. Dated 1832, but struck circa 1835
PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right
HALFPENNY TOKEN, thistle with two leaves; 1832 below
Charlton NS-3D1; Corteau 282; Breton 871Ardatirion
|
|
CANADA, Tokens. Nova Scotia. William IV. King of Great Britain, 1830-1837
CU Halfpenny Token (28mm, 8.47 g, 6 h)
John Walker & Company's mint. Dated 1832
PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA
Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust of George IV right
ONE PENNY TOKEN, thistle with two leaves; 1832 below
Charlton NS-1D1; Breton 871Ardatirion
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
"As de Nîmes" or "crocodile" Ӕ dupondius of Nemausus (9 - 3 BC), honoring Augustus and AgrippaIMP DIVI F , Heads of Agrippa (left) and Augustus (right) back to back, Agrippa wearing rostral crown and Augustus the oak-wreath / COL NEM, crocodile right chained to palm-shoot with short dense fronds and tip right; two short palm offshoots left and right below, above on left a wreath with two long ties streaming right.
Ó”, 24.5 x 3+ mm, 13.23g, die axis 3h; on both sides there are remains of what appears to be gold plating, perhaps it was a votive offering? Rough edges and slight scrapes on flan typical for this kind of coin, due to primitive technology (filing) of flan preparation.
IMPerator DIVI Filius. Mint of COLonia NEMausus (currently Nîmes, France). Known as "As de Nîmes", it is actually a dupontius (lit. "two-pounder") = 2 ases (sometimes cut in halves to get change). Dupondii were often made out of a golden-colored copper alloy (type of brass) "orichalcum" and this appears to be such case.
Key ID points: oak-wreath (microphotography shows that at least one leaf has a complicated shape, although distinguishing oak from laurel is very difficult) – earlier versions have Augustus bareheaded, no PP on obverse as in later versions, no NE ligature, palm with short fronds with tip right (later versions have tip left and sometimes long fronds). Not typical: no clear laurel wreath together with the rostral crown, gold (?) plating (!), both features really baffling.
But still clearly a "middle" kind of the croc dupondius, known as "type III": RIC I 158, RPC I 524, Sear 1730. It is often conservatively dated to 10 BC - 10 AD, but these days it is usually narrowed to 9/8 - 3 BC.
It is a commemorative issue, honoring the victory over Mark Antony and conquest of Egypt in 30 BC. The heads of Augustus and Agrippa were probably positioned to remind familiar obverses of Roman republican coins with two-faced Janus. Palm branch was a common symbol of victory, in this case grown into a tree, like the victories of Augustus and Agrippa grown into the empire. The two offshoots at the bottom may mean two sons of Agrippa, Gaius and Lucius, who were supposed to be Augustus' heirs and were patrons of the colony. Palm may also be a symbol of the local Nemausian deity, which was probably worshiped in a sacred grove. When these coins were minted, the colony was mostly populated by the settled veterans of Augustus' campaigns, hence the reminiscence of the most famous victory, but some of the original Celtic culture probably survived and was assimilated by Romans. The crocodile is not only the symbol of Egypt, like in the famous Octavian's coins AEGYPTO CAPTA. It is also a representation of Mark Antony, powerful and scary both in water and on land, but a bit slow and stupid. The shape of the crocodile with tail up was specifically chosen to remind of the shape of ship on very common "legionary" denarius series, which Mark Antony minted to pay his armies just before Actium. It is probably also related to the popular contemporary caricature of Cleopatra, riding on and simultaneously copulating with a crocodile, holding a palm branch in her hand as if in triumph. There the crocodile also symbolized Mark Antony.
Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa was born c. 64-62 BC somewhere in rural Italy. His family was of humble and plebeian origins, but rich, of equestrian rank. Agrippa was about the same age as Octavian, and the two were educated together and became close friends. He probably first served in Caesar's Spanish campaign of 46–45 BC. Caesar regarded him highly enough to send him with Octavius in 45 BC to train in Illyria. When Octavian returned to Rome after Caesar's assassination, Agrippa became his close lieutenant, performing many tasks. He probably started his political career in 43 BC as a tribune of the people and then a member of the Senate. Then he was one of the leading Octavian's generals, finally becoming THE leading general and admiral in the civil wars of the subsequent years.
In 38 as a governor of Transalpine Gaul Agrippa undertook an expedition to Germania, thus becoming the first Roman general since Julius Caesar to cross the Rhine. During this foray he helped the Germanic tribe of Ubii (who previously allied themselves with Caesar in 55 BC) to resettle on the west bank of the Rhine. A shrine was dedicated there, possibly to Divus Caesar whom Ubii fondly remembered, and the village became known as Ara Ubiorum, "Altar of Ubians". This quickly would become an important Roman settlement. Agrippina the Younger, Agrippa's granddaughter, wife of Emperor Claudius and mother of Emperor Nero, would be born there in 15 AD. In 50 AD she would sponsor this village to be upgraded to a colonia, and it would be renamed Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium (colony of Claudius [at] the Altar of Agrippinians – Ubii renamed themselves as Agrippinians to honor the augusta!), abbreviated as CCAA, later to become the capital of new Roman province, Germania Inferior.
In 37 BC Octavian recalled Agrippa back to Rome and arranged for him to win the consular elections, he desperately needed help in naval warfare with Sextus Pompey, the youngest son of Pompey the Great, who styled himself as the last supporter of the republican cause, but in reality became a pirate king, an irony since his father was the one who virtually exterminated piracy in all the Roman waters. He forced humiliating armistice on the triumvirs in 39 BC and when Octavian renewed the hostilities a year later, defeated him in a decisive naval battle of Messina. New fleet had to be built and trained, and Agrippa was the man for the job. Agrippa's solution was creating a huge secret naval base he called Portus Iulius by connecting together lakes Avernus, Avernus and the natural inner and outer harbors behind Cape Misenum at the northern end of the Gulf of Naples. He also created a larger type of ship and developed a new naval weapon: harpax – a ballista-launched grapnel shot with mechanisms that allowed pulling enemy ships close for easy boarding. It replaced the previous boarding device that Romans used since the First Punic War, corvus – effective, but extremely cumbersome. A later defence against it were scythe blades on long poles for cutting ropes, but since this invention was developed in secret, the enemy had no chance to prepare anything like it. It all has proved extremely effective: in a series of naval engagements Agrippa annihilated the fleet of Sextus, forced him to abandon his bases and run away. For this Agrippa was awarded an unprecedented honour that no Roman before or after him received: a rostral crown, "corona rostrata", a wreath decorated in front by a prow and beak of a ship.
That's why Virgil (Aeneid VIII, 683-684), describing Agrippa at Actium, says: "…belli insigne superbum, tempora navali fulgent rostrata corona." "…the proud military decoration, gleams on his brow the naval rostral crown". Actium, the decisive battle between forces of Octavian and Mark Antony, may appear boring compared to the war with Sextus, but it probably turned out this way due to Agrippa's victories in preliminary naval engagements and taking over all the strategy from Octavian.
In between the wars Agrippa has shown an unusual talent in city planning, not only constructing many new public buildings etc., but also greatly improving Rome's sanitation by doing a complete overhaul of all the aqueducts and sewers. Typically, it was Augustus who later would boast that "he had found the city of brick but left it of marble", forgetting that, just like in his naval successes, it was Agrippa who did most of the work. Agrippa had building programs in other Roman cities as well, a magnificent temple (currently known as Maison Carrée) survives in Nîmes itself, which was probably built by Agrippa.
Later relationship between Augustus and Agrippa seemed colder for a while, Agrippa seemed to even go into "exile", but modern historians agree that it was just a ploy: Augustus wanted others to think that Agrippa was his "rival" while in truth he was keeping a significant army far away from Rome, ready to come to the rescue in case Augustus' political machinations fail. It is confirmed by the fact that later Agrippa was recalled and given authority almost equal to Augustus himself, not to mention that he married Augustus' only biological child. The last years of Agrippa's life were spent governing the eastern provinces, were he won respect even of the Jews. He also restored Crimea to Roman Empire. His last service was starting the conquest of the upper Danube, were later the province of Pannonia would be. He suddenly died of illness in 12 BC, aged ~51.
Agrippa had several children through his three marriages. Through some of his children, Agrippa would become ancestor to many subsequent members of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. He has numerous other legacies.Yurii P
|
|
|
|
(502a) Roman Republic, L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi, 90 B.C.Silver denarius, S 235, Calpurnia 11, Crawford 340/1, Syd 663a, VF, rainbow toning, Rome mint, 3.772g, 18.5mm, 180o, 90 B.C. obverse: laureate head of Apollo right, scorpion behind; Reverse naked horseman galloping right holding palm, L PISO FRVGI and control number CXI below; ex-CNA XV 6/5/91, #443. Ex FORVM.
A portion of the following text is a passage taken from the excellent article “The Calpurnii and Roman Family History: An Analysis of the Piso Frugi Coin in the Joel Handshu Collection at the College of Charleston,” by Chance W. Cook:
In the Roman world, particularly prior to the inception of the principate, moneyers were allotted a high degree of latitude to mint their coins as they saw fit. The tres viri monetales, the three men in charge of minting coins, who served one-year terms, often emblazoned their coins with an incredible variety of images and inscriptions reflecting the grandeur, history, and religion of Rome. Yet also prominent are references to personal or familial accomplishments; in this manner coins were also a means by which the tres viri monetales could honor their forbearers. Most obvious from an analysis of the Piso Frugi denarius is the respect and admiration that Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi, who minted the coin, had for his ancestors. For the images he selected for his dies relate directly to the lofty deeds performed by his Calpurnii forbearers in the century prior to his term as moneyer. The Calpurnii were present at many of the watershed events in the late Republic and had long distinguished themselves in serving the state, becoming an influential and well-respected family whose defense of traditional Roman values cannot be doubted.
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi, who was moneyer in 90 B.C., depicted Apollo on the obverse and the galloping horseman on the reverse, as does his son Gaius. However, all of L. Piso Frugi’s coins have lettering similar to “L-PISO-FRVGI” on the reverse, quite disparate from his son Gaius’ derivations of “C-PISO-L-F-FRV.”
Moreover, C. Piso Frugi coins are noted as possessing “superior workmanship” to those produced by L. Piso Frugi.
The Frugi cognomen, which became hereditary, was first given to L. Calpurnius Piso, consul in 133 B.C., for his integrity and overall moral virtue. Cicero is noted as saying that frugal men possessed the three cardinal Stoic virtues of bravery, justice, and wisdom; indeed in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae, a synonym of frugalitas is bonus, generically meaning “good” but also implying virtuous behavior. Gary Forsythe notes that Cicero would sometimes invoke L. Calpurnius Piso’s name at the beginning of speeches as “a paragon of moral rectitude” for his audience.
L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi’s inclusion of the laureled head of Apollo, essentially the same obverse die used by his son Gaius (c. 67 B.C.), was due to his family’s important role in the establishment of the Ludi Apollinares, the Games of Apollo, which were first instituted in 212 B.C. at the height of Hannibal’s invasion of Italy during the Second Punic War. By that time, Hannibal had crushed Roman armies at Cannae, seized Tarentum and was invading Campania.
Games had been used throughout Roman history as a means of allaying the fears
of the populace and distracting them from issues at hand; the Ludi Apollinares were no different. Forsythe follows the traditional interpretation that in 211 B.C., when C. Calpurnius Piso was praetor, he became the chief magistrate in Rome while both consuls were absent and the three other praetors were sent on military expeditions against Hannibal.
At this juncture, he put forth a motion in the Senate to make the Ludi Apollinares a yearly event, which was passed; the Ludi Apollinares did indeed become an important festival, eventually spanning eight days in the later Republic. However, this interpretation is debatable; H.H. Scullard suggests that the games were not made permanent until 208 B.C. after a severe plague prompted the Senate to make them a fixture on the calendar. The Senators believed Apollo would serve as a “healing god” for the people of Rome.
Nonetheless, the Calpurnii obviously believed their ancestor had played an integral role in the establishment of the Ludi Apollinares and thus prominently displayed
the head or bust of Apollo on the obverse of the coins they minted.
The meaning of the galloping horseman found on the reverse of the L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi coin is more complicated. It is possible that this is yet another reference to the Ludi Apollinares. Chariot races in the Circus Maximus were a major component of the games, along with animal hunts and theatrical performances.
A more intriguing possibility is that the horseman is a reference to C. Calpurnius Piso, son of the Calpurnius Piso who is said to have founded the Ludi Apollinares. This C. Calpurnius Piso was given a military command in 186 B.C. to quell a revolt in Spain. He was victorious, restoring order to the province and also gaining significant wealth in the process.
Upon his return to Rome in 184, he was granted a triumph by the Senate and eventually erected an arch on the Capitoline Hill celebrating his victory. Of course
the arch prominently displayed the Calpurnius name. Piso, however, was not an infantry commander; he led the cavalry.
The difficulty in accepting C. Calpurnius Piso’s victory in Spain as the impetus for the galloping horseman image is that not all of C. Piso Frugi’s coins depict the horseman or cavalryman carrying the palm, which is a symbol of victory. One is inclined to believe that the victory palm would be prominent in all of the coins minted by C. Piso Frugi (the son of L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi) if it indeed signified the great triumph of C. Calpurnius Piso in 186 B.C. Yet the palm’s appearance is clearly not a direct reference to military feats of C. Piso Frugi’s day. As noted, it is accepted that his coins were minted in 67 B.C.; in that year, the major victory by Roman forces was Pompey’s swift defeat of the pirates throughout the Mediterranean.
Chrestomathy: Annual Review of Undergraduate Research at the College of Charleston. Volume 1, 2002: pp. 1-10© 2002 by the College of Charleston, Charleston SC 29424, USA.All rights to be retained by the author.
http://www.cofc.edu/chrestomathy/vol1/cook.pdf
There are six (debatably seven) prominent Romans who have been known to posterity as Lucius Calpurnius Piso:
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi: (d. 261 A.D.) a Roman usurper, whose existence is
questionable, based on the unreliable Historia Augusta.
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Licinianus: deputy Roman Emperor, 10 January 69 to15 January
69, appointed by Galba.
Lucius Calpurnius Piso: Consul in 27 A.D.
Lucius Calpurnius Piso: Consul in 1 B.C., augur
Lucius Calpurnius Piso: Consul in 15 B.C., pontifex
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus: Consul in 58 B.C. (the uncle of Julius Caesar)
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi: Moneyer in 90 B.C. (our man)
All but one (or two--if you believe in the existence of "Frugi the usurper" ca. 261 A.D.) of these gentlemen lack the Frugi cognomen, indicating they are not from the same direct lineage as our moneyer, though all are Calpurnii.
Calpurnius Piso Frugi's massive issue was intended to support the war against the Marsic Confederation. The type has numerous variations and control marks.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius_Calpurnius_Piso
http://www.forumancientcoins.com/catalog/indexfrm.asp?vpar=55&pos=0
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
Cleisthenes
|
|
000c. Sextus PompeySextus Pompeius Magnus Pius, in English Sextus Pompey, was a Roman general from the late Republic (1st century BC). He was the last focus of opposition to the second triumvirate.
Sextus Pompeius was the youngest son of Pompey the Great (Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus) by his third wife, Mucia Tertia. His older brother was Gnaeus Pompeius, from the same mother. Both boys grew up in the shadow of their father, one of Rome's best generals and originally non-conservative politician who drifted to the more traditional faction when Julius Caesar became a threat.
When Caesar crossed the Rubicon in 49 BC, thus starting a civil war, Sextus' older brother Gnaeus followed their father in his escape to the East, as did most of the conservative senators. Sextus stayed in Rome in the care of his stepmother, Cornelia Metella. Pompey's army lost the battle of Pharsalus in 48 BC and Pompey himself had to run for his life. Cornelia and Sextus met him in the island of Mytilene and together they fled to Egypt. On the arrival, Sextus watched his father being killed by treachery on September 29 of the same year. After the murder, Cornelia returned to Rome, but in the following years Sextus joined the resistance against Caesar in the African provinces. Together with Metellus Scipio, Cato the younger, his brother Gnaeus and other senators, they prepared to oppose Caesar and his army to the end.
Caesar won the first battle at Thapsus in 46 BC against Metellus Scipio and Cato, who committed suicide. In 45 BC, Caesar managed to defeat the Pompeius brothers in the battle of Munda. Gnaeus Pompeius was executed, but young Sextus escaped once more, this time to Sicily.
Back in Rome, Julius Caesar was murdered on the Ides of March (March 15) 44 BC by a group of senators led by Cassius and Brutus. This incident did not lead to a return to normality, but provoked yet another civil war between Caesar's political heirs and his assassins. The second triumvirate was formed by Octavian, Mark Antony and Lepidus, with the intention of avenging Caesar and subduing all opposition. Sextus Pompeius in Sicily was certainly a rebellious man, but the Cassius and Brutus faction was the second triumvirate's first priority. Thus, with the whole island as his base, Sextus had the time and resources to develop an army and, even more importantly, a strong navy operated by Sicilian marines.
Brutus and Cassius lost the twin battles of Philippi and committed suicide in 42 BC. After this, the triumvirs turned their attentions to Sicily and Sextus.
But by this time, Sextus was prepared for strong resistance. In the following years, military confrontations failed to return a conclusive victory for either side and in 39 BC, Sextus and the triumvirs signed for peace in the Pact of Misenum. The reason for this peace treaty was the anticipated campaign against the Parthian Empire. Antony, the leader, needed all the legions he could get so it was useful to secure an armistice in the Sicilian front. The peace did not last for long. Octavian and Antony's frequent quarrels were a strong political motivation for resuming the war against Sextus. Octavian tried again to conquer Sicily, but he was defeated in the naval battle of Messina (37 BC) and again in August 36 BC. But by then, Octavian had Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, a very talented general, on his side. Only a month afterwards, Agrippa destroyed Sextus' navy off Naulochus cape. Sextus escaped to the East and, by abandoning Sicily, lost all his base of support.
Sextus Pompeius was caught in Miletus in 35 BC and executed without trial (an illegal act since Sextus was a Roman citizen) by order of Marcus Titius, Antony's minion. His violent death would be one of the weapons used by Octavian against Antony several years later, when the situation between the two became unbearable.
Sicilian Mint
Magn above laureate Janiform head
PIVS above, IMP below, prow of galley right
Sear RCV 348, RPC 671, Sydenham 1044a, Cohen 16
43-36 BC
Check ecoli
|
|
001ap Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), RPC I. 2202, AR-Cistophoric Tetradrachm, Ephesos (?), III•VIR• R•P•C•, Cista Mystica, Scarce! #1001ap Marc Antony ( 83-30 B.C.), RPC I. 2202, AR-Cistophoric Tetradrachm, Ephesos (?), III•VIR• R•P•C•, Cista Mystica, Scarce! #1
avers: •M•ANTONIVS•IMP•COS•DESIG•ITER ET TERT, Jugate heads of Marc Antony, wreathed with ivy and berries, and Octavia, bare-headed, right.
reverse: III•VIR• R•P•C•, Cista Mystica between two coiled serpents, Dionysos (Bacchus) standing left above, holding kantharos and thyrsos.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 27,0-29,5mm, weight:11,86g, axes:0h,
mint: City: Cistophoric Tetradrachm, Province: Asia, Region: Uncertain, Issue: Ephesos (?), date: 39 B.C.,
ref: RPC I. 2202 (4 Specimens), SNG Cop. 408, SNG von Aulock 6555, Franke KZR 472, RSC 3, Sydenham 1198, Sear 1513.
Q-001quadrans
|
|
001j4. Octavian & ZenodorusSYRIA, Chalcis ad Belum. AE21mm, 6.40 g. Dated CY 282 (31/30 BC). ΝΕ L, Bare head of Octavian right; BΠΣ (date) in right field /ΖΗΝΟΔΩΡΟΥ ΤΕΤΡΑΡΧΕΙ ΚΑΙ ΑΡΧΗΡΕΩΣ Bare head of Zenodorus (tetrarch and archereus) left. RPC I 4774. CNG Auc 555, Lot 398.
Note: In 36 BC, Mark Antony removed the rulers of Chalcis and gave it to Cleopatra. After the battle of Actium, Octavian restored the tetrarchs to power. In 23 B.C., Augustus deposed Zenodorus and gave his lands to Herod the Great. Afterward Herod's death, Chalcis was returned to putative local rule before finally becoming fully part of the Roman Province of Syria in 92 AD.
lawrence c
|
|
001x1a. Kings of Galatia, Amyntas, 37 - 25 B.C.Coin: Bronze AE 23, RPC I 3505; SNG Cop 99; SNGvA 6108; SNG BnF 2377; BMC Galatia p. 3, 12, weight 8.214g, maximum diameter 22.5mm, die axis 0o, obverse bust of Herakles right, club over left shoulder, E - C behind; reverse Nemean lion walking right, B above, AMYNTOY monogram in exergue. A FORUM coin.
Amyntas was a King of Galatia and of several adjacent countries between 36 and 25 BC. He first seemed to have controlled Lycaonia and then added Derbe. He commanded the Galatian auxiliaries sent to help Brutus and Cassius against the Triumvires but deserted to Mark Anthony just before the battle of Philippi in 42 BC. After the death of Deiotarus, Amyntas was made king of Cappadocia in 37 as a client ruler of Mark Antony. He deserted to Octavian shortly before the battle of Actium, and he was confirmed as king of Galatia. After he took over Homonada and killed its ruler, he was killed in an ambush in 25 AD. After his death, Galatia became a Roman province.
lawrence c
|
|
002 Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), RIC I 490, Uncertain, Asia, Pergamum(?), AR-Cistophoric Tetradrachm, AVGV-STVS, Bunch of six ears of corn, Rare!002 Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), RIC I 490, Uncertain, Asia, Pergamum(?), AR-Cistophoric Tetradrachm, AVGV-STVS, Bunch of six ears of corn, Rare!
avers: IMP CAESAR, Beared head right, lituus to right.
reverse: No legend, AVGV STVS across fields, Bunch of six ears of corn.
exergue: AVGV/STVS//--, diameter: 28,5mm, weight: 10,16g, axis: h,
mint: City: Cistophoric mint, Region: Uncertain, Province: Asia, date: (Issue: Sutherland group III–IV (Pergamum?)) 27-26 B.C.,
ref: RIC I 490, C-32a?, Sutherland group IIIγ, nos. 106–15, RPC I (online) 2209, only 10 specimens, Rare!
Q-001quadrans
|
|
002 Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), RIC I 493, Uncertain, Asia, Pergamum(?), AR-Cistophoric-Tetradrachm, AVGVSTVS, Capricorn right, laurel wreath around, #1002 Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), RIC I 493, Uncertain, Asia, Pergamum(?), AR-Cistophoric-Tetradrachm, AVGVSTVS, Capricorn right, laurel wreath around, #1
avers: IMP•CAE SAR, Bare head of Augustus right.
reverse: AVGVSTVS, Capricorn right with head left, holding cornucopia, laurel wreath around.
exergue: -/-//AVGVSTVS, diameter: 26,2-27,2mm, weight: 11,52g, axes: 12h,
mint: City: Cistophoric mint, Region: Uncertain, Province: Asia, date: Issue: Sutherland group III–IV (Pergamum?) 27-26 B.C.,
ref: RIC I 493, RSC 16, BMCRE 696, Sutherland group IVβ, RPC I (online) 2211, 15 specimens, Scarce!
Q-001quadrans
|
|
002p Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), Achaea, Thessaly, Koinon of Thessaly, RPC I 1425, AE-21, (Æ Diassarion?), AR/Δ//--, ΣΩΣANΔPOΣ ΣΩΣANΔPOY, Athena Itonia standing left, #1002p Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), Achaea, Thessaly, Koinon of Thessaly, RPC I 1425, AE-21, (Æ Diassarion?), AR/Δ//--, ΣΩΣANΔPOΣ ΣΩΣANΔPOY, Athena Itonia standing left, #1
avers: ΘEΣΣAΛΩN ΣEBAΣTOΣ, bare head of Augustus right.
reverse: ΣΩΣANΔPOΣ ΣΩΣANΔPOY, Athena Itonia standing left, holding Nike and shield set on the ground; spear to left, AR monogram and Δ in fields.
exergue: AR/Δ//--, diameter: 21,0-21,5 mm, weight: 6,75g, axis: 11h,
mint: City: Koinon of Thessaly, Region: Thessaly, Province: Achaea,
Magistrate: Sosandros Sosandrou (without title), Sosandros, son of Sosandros,
date: 27 B.C.-14 A.D.,
ref:
RPC I 1425,
Burrer Em. 1a, Series 1, 2.1 (A1/R2 – this coin, obv. and rev. illustrated on pl. 1),
BCD Thessaly II 914.1 var. (rev. legend; same obv. die),
CNG: eAuction 299. lot 2.,
McClean 4994,
Leake 4898,
Rogers 69,
Q-001quadrans
|
|
002p Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), Macedonia, Amphipolis, RPC I 1626, AE-20, AMΦIΠOΛEITΩN, Artemis on bull right, #1002p Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), Macedonia, Amphipolis, RPC I 1626, AE-20, AMΦIΠOΛEITΩN, Artemis on bull right, #1
avers: KAIΣAP ΘEOY YIOΣ (retrograd), Bare head right.
reverse: AMΦIΠOΛEITΩN, Artemis Tauropolos with inflated veil, riding on bull right.
exeegue: -/-//--, diameter: 19-21 mm, weight: 12,68g, axis:0h,
mint: City: Amphipolis, Region: Macedonia, Province: Macedonia, date: 15 B.C.,
ref: RPC I 1626, Varbanov 3112, BMC 73, SNG Cop 89,
24 Specimens
Q-001quadrans
|
|
002p Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), Macedonia, Amphipolis, RPC I 1629, AE-21, AMΦIΠOΛEITΩN, Artemis on bull right, #1002p Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), Macedonia, Amphipolis, RPC I 1629, AE-21, AMΦIΠOΛEITΩN, Artemis on bull right, #1
avers: KAIΣAPOΣ ΣEBAΣTOY, Bare head right.
reverse: AMΦIΠOΛEITΩN, Artemis Tauropolos with inflated veil, riding on bull right.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 20-22 mm, weight: 9,56g, axis:0h,
mint: City: Amphipolis, Region: Macedonia, Province: Macedonia, date: 15 B.C.,
ref: RPC 1629, Varbanov 3113,
21 Specimens
Q-001quadrans
|
|
002p Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), Macedonia, Uncertain Mint, RPC I 1529, AE-19, M FICTORI /M SEPTVMI /II VIR QVIN, Founder with two oxen, Scarce! #1002p Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), Macedonia, Uncertain Mint, RPC I 1529, AE-19, M FICTORI /M SEPTVMI /II VIR QVIN, Founder with two oxen, Scarce! #1
avers: PA CIS, Head of Pax right.
reverse: M FICTORI /M SEPTVMI /II VIR QVIN, In three-line. Founder plowing right with two yoked oxen.
exeegue: -/-//--, diameter: 18,0-19,0mm, weight: 6,59g, axis:1h,
mint: City: Uncertain mint of Macedonia, Region: Macedonia, Province: Macedonia, date: c.25 B.C.,
Magistrate: M Fictorius (duovir quinquennalis) and M Septimius (duovir quinquennalis).
ref: RPC I 1529 (7 Specimens), BMC 17, AMNG II. 98, No 24,
Q-001quadrans
|
|
002p Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), Mysia, Kyzikos, Asia (conventus of Cyzicus), I 2244, AE-16, K-Y/Z-I, Torch, all within wreath, #1002p Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), Mysia, Kyzikos, Asia (conventus of Cyzicus), RPC I 2244, AE-16, K-Y/Z-I, Torch, all within wreath, #1
avers: No legend, bare head right, border of dots.
revers: K-Y Z-I in two lines to left and right of the torch, all within a wreath of corn-ears.
exergue: K-Y/Z-I//--, diameter: 15-16mm, weight: 2,59g, axis: 1h,
mint: City: Cyzicus, Region: Mysia, Province: Asia (conventus of Cyzicus), date: 63 B.C.-14 A.D.,
ref: RPC I 2244, SNG Tübingen 2277, BMC 210, SNG France 621, SNG von Aulock 7368,, AMC 1186,
25 Specimens,
Q-001quadrans
|
|
002p Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), Mysia, Lampsakos, Asia (conventus of Adramyteum), I 2278, Bust of Senate right, Rare! #1002p Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), Mysia, Lampsakos, Asia (conventus of Adramyteum), I 2278, Bust of Senate right, Rare! #1
avers: CЄBACTOY ΛAMΨAKH (retrograde), Laureate head of Augustus right.
reverse: IЄPA CYNKΛHTOC (retrograde), Bare-headed, draped bust of the Senate right.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 16,2-17,0mm, weight: 3,44g, axes: 6h,
mint: City: Lampsacus, Region: Mysia, Province: Asia (conventus of Adramyteum), date: c.17(?) B.C.,
ref: RPC I 2278, McClean 7640, Paris 799-801, AMC 1191, Rare!
14 Specimens,
Q-001quadrans
|
|
002p Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), Phrygia, Laodikeia ad Lycum, Asia (conventus of Cibyra), Polemon, (Philopatris), RPC I 2898, AE-20, Zeus standing left, Rare! #1002p Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), Phrygia, Laodikeia ad Lycum, Asia (conventus of Cibyra), Polemon, (Philopatris), RPC I 2898, AE-20, Zeus standing left, Rare! #1
avers: ΣEBAΣ TOΣ, Bare head of Augustus right.
reverse: (ΑΝΤΩ) ΠOΛEMΩN/ΦIΛOΠATΡIΣ/ΛAOΔIKEΩN, Zeus standing left holding eagle and scepter.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 19,0-20,8mm, weight: 7,82g, axes: 0h,
mint: City: Laodicea ad Lycum, Region: Phrygia, Province: Asia (conventus of Cibyra),
Magistrate: Anto Polemon, Philopatris, date: Issue: c. after 5 B.C.,
ref: RPC I 2898, BMC 145, AMC 1408, Rare!
14 Specimens
Q-001quadrans
|
|
002p Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), Spain, Caesaraugusta, Tarraconensis, RPC I 0322, AE-26, Magistrate: Mn. Kaninius Iter and L. Titius, duoviri, CAESAR AVG MN KANINIO ITER L TITIO / II VIR, Priest plowing right with the yoke of two oxen, #1002p Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), Spain, Caesaraugusta, Tarraconensis, RPC I 0322, AE-26, Magistrate: Mn. Kaninius Iter and L. Titius, duoviri, CAESAR AVG MN KANINIO ITER L TITIO / II VIR, Priest plowing right with the yoke of two oxen, #1
avers: AVGVSTVS DIVI F, Laureate head right; simpulum to left, lituus to right.
reverse: CAESAR AVG MN KANINIO ITER L TITIO / II VIR, Priest plowing right with yoke of two oxen.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 26,0-27,0 mm, weight: 10,85g, axis:6h,
mint: City: Caesaraugusta, Region: Hispania, Province: Tarraconensis,
Magistrate: L Titius (duovir); Mn Kaninius Iter (duovir),
date: B.C.,
ref: RPC I 0322, SNG Cop 544, Vives 148–1, 2, Hill 14–5, Beltrán 9, NAH 979,
Q-001quadrans
|
|
002p Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), Spain, Tarraconensis, Bilbilis, RPC 0392, AE-27, MVN AVGVSTA BILBILIS M SEMP TIBERI I LICI VARO around II VIR in wreath, #1002p Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), Spain, Tarraconensis, Bilbilis, RPC 0392, AE-27, MVN AVGVSTA BILBILIS M SEMP TIBERI I LICI VARO around II VIR in wreath, #1
Magistrate: L Lici Varus (duovir); M Semp Tiberi (duovir).
avers: AVGVSTVS DIVI F PATER PATRIAE, Laureate head right.
reverse: MVN AVGVSTA BILBILIS M SEMP TIBERI L LICI VARO (MVN, and AV, MP, and VA are legate) around II VIR in a wreath.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 27,0-27,5 mm, weight: 12,19g, axis:6h,
mint: City: Bilbilis Region: Hispania Province: Tarraconensis date: 2 B.C.,
ref: RPC I (online) 0392, Vives 139–1, GMI 545, NAH 964,
Q-001quadrans
|
|
002p Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), Uncertain mint of Thrace, Kings, Rhoemetalces I., RPC I 1705, AE-16, Sceptre, Fasces and Capricorn right, Rare!002p Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), Uncertain mint of Thrace, Kings, Rhoemetalces I., RPC I 1705, AE-16, Sceptre, Fasces and Capricorn right, Rare!
avers: ΡOIMH/TAΛ/KOY, anticlockwise around, Sella curulis right, male head right above, monogram (RA) on the sella.
reverse: ΣEBAΣ/T/OY, anticlockwise around, Sceptre, Fasces, and Capricorn right.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 16mm, weight: 3,39g, axes: 0h,
mint: City: Uncertain mint of Thrace, Region: Thrace, Province: Thrace, Kings: Rhoemetalces I,
date: 11 B.C-12 A.D.,
ref: RPC I 1705, SHH 4362, Moushmov 5795, Jurukova (1976) 168 pl. XXI,
6 Specimens, Rare!
Q-001quadrans
|
|
002p Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), Uncertain mint of Thrace, Kings, Rhoemetalces I., RPC I 1715, AE-22, Augustus in front Capricorn, #1002p Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), Uncertain mint of Thrace, Kings, Rhoemetalces I., RPC I 1715, AE-22, Augustus in front Capricorn, #1
avers: BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΡOIMHTAΛKOY, Diademed head of Rhoemetalces I. right.
reverse: KAIΣAΡOΣ ΣEBAΣTOY, Bare head of Augustus right, in front, Capricorn.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 21,5-22,5mm, weight: 6,86g, axes: 6h,
mint: City: Uncertain mint of Thrace, Region: Thrace, Province: Thrace, Kings: Rhoemetalces I., date: 11 B.C-12 A.D.,
ref: RPC I 1715, Youroukova 171-5, pl. XXI.,
12 Specimens
Q-001quadrans
|
|
002p Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), Uncertain mint of Thrace, Kings, Rhoemetalces I., RPC I 1718, AE-18, Bare head of Augustus right, #1002p Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), Uncertain mint of Thrace, Kings, Rhoemetalces I., RPC I 1718, AE-18, Bare head of Augustus right, #1
avers: BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΡOIMHTAΛKOY, Diademed head of Rhoemetalces I. right.
reverse: KAIΣAΡOΣ ΣEBAΣTOY, Bare head of Augustus right.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 19,0-20,0mm, weight: 4,28g, axes: 6h,
mint: City: Uncertain mint of Thrace, Region: Thrace, Province: Thrace, Kings: Rhoemetalces I., date: 11 B.C-12 A.D.,
ref: RPC I 1718, SNG Cop 1192, BMC 7-9, Moushmov 5782, Jurukova 200,
Q-001quadrans
|
|
002p Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), Uncertain mint of Thrace, Kings, Rhoemetalces I., RPC I 1718, AE-18, Bare head of Augustus right, #2002p Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), Uncertain mint of Thrace, Kings, Rhoemetalces I., RPC I 1718, AE-18, Bare head of Augustus right, #2
avers: BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΡOIMHTAΛKOY, Diademed head of Rhoemetalces I. right, monogram on the neck of Rhoemetalces I.
reverse: KAIΣAΡOΣ ΣEBAΣTOY, Bare head of Augustus right.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 18,0-19,0mm, weight: 4,70g, axes: 6h,
mint: City: Uncertain mint of Thrace, Region: Thrace, Province: Thrace, Kings: Rhoemetalces I., date: 11 B.C-12 A.D.,
ref: RPC I 1718, SNG Cop 1192, BMC 7-9, Moushmov 5782, Jurukova 200,
Q-002quadrans
|
|
002p Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), Uncertain mint of Thrace, Kings, Rhoemetalces I., RPC I 1718, AE-18, Bare head of Augustus right, #3002p Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), Uncertain mint of Thrace, Kings, Rhoemetalces I., RPC I 1718, AE-18, Bare head of Augustus right, #3
avers: BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΡOIMHTAΛKOY, Diademed head of Rhoemetalces I. right.
reverse: KAIΣAΡOΣ ΣEBAΣTOY, Bare head of Augustus right.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 16,7-17,6mm, weight: 3,67g, axes: 6h,
mint: City: Uncertain mint of Thrace, Region: Thrace, Province: Thrace, Kings: Rhoemetalces I., date: 11 B.C-12 A.D.,
ref: RPC I 1718, SNG Cop 1192, BMC 7-9, Moushmov 5782, Jurukova 200,
Q-003quadrans
|
|
003a. DrususDrusus
Tiberius' son, Drusus Caesar, d. 23, called Drusus Junior, served in the provinces Pannonia ( 15) and in Illyricum ( 17? 20). In 22 he was made tribune. Meanwhile, Sejanus, Tiberius' minister, had become jealous of Drusus' power and tried to turn Tiberius against him. Drusus may have been poisoned by Sejanus or by his wife under Sejanus' influence.
As. Sear 2594, restitution issue by Titus. 10.0 g, 26x27 mm. Glossy dark green patina with slight roughness. OBV.: Drusus left, DRVSVS CAESAR TI AVG F DIVI AVG N. REV.: IMP T CAES DIVI VESP F AVG REST around SC. ecoli
|
|
005p Tiberius (14-37 A.D. ), Macedonia, Thessalonica, RPC I 1565, AE-23, ΘEΣΣAΛONIKEΩN, Bare head of Augustus right, #1005p Tiberius (14-37 A.D. ), Macedonia, Thessalonica, RPC I 1565, AE-23, ΘEΣΣAΛONIKEΩN, Bare head of Augustus right, #1
avers: TIBEPIOΣ KAIΣAP, Bare head of Tiberius right.
reverse: ΘEΣΣAΛONIKEΩN, Bare head of Augustus right.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 23mm, weight: 10,07g, axes: 0h,
mint: City: Thessalonica, Region: Macedonia, Province: Macedonia, date: 9-14 A.D.,
ref: RPC I 1565, Touratsoglou, Augustus 170-208 (c. AD 4 onwards) ,
Q-001quadrans
|
|
005p Tiberius (14-37 A.D.), Phrygia, Eumeneia, Asia (conventus of Apamea), RPC I 3144, AE-17, -/-//--, OYAΛEPIOΣ ZMEPTOPIΞ EYMENEΩN, Bull butting right, #1005p Tiberius (14-37 A.D.), Phrygia, Eumeneia, Asia (conventus of Apamea), RPC I 3144, AE-17, -/-//--, OYAΛEPIOΣ ZMEPTOPIΞ EYMENEΩN, Bull butting right, #1
avers: ΣEBAΣTOΣ, Bare head of Tiberius right.
reverse: OYAΛEPIOΣ ZMEPTOPIΞ EYMENEΩN, Bull butting right. (Magistrate: Valerios Zmertorix (without title)).
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 16,0-17,0mm, weight: 5,72 g, axes: 6h,
mint: City: Eumenea, Region: Phrygia, Province: Asia (conventus of Apamea),
date: 35-36 A.D., Magistrate: Valerios Zmertorix (without title),
ref: RPC I 3144, BMC Phrygia 35,
15 Specimens
Q-001quadrans
|
|
005p Tiberius (14-37 A.D.), Phrygia, Laodicea ad Lycum, Asia (conventus of Cibyra), RPC I 2901, AE-18, -/-//--, ΠYΘHΣ ΠYΘOY/ΛAOΔIKEΩN, Zeus Laodiceus standing left, #1 005p Tiberius (14-37 A.D.), Phrygia, Laodicea ad Lycum, Asia (conventus of Cibyra), RPC I 2901, AE-18, -/-//--, ΠYΘHΣ ΠYΘOY/ΛAOΔIKEΩN, Zeus Laodiceus standing left, #1
avers: ΣEBAΣTOΣ, Bare head of Tiberius right.
reverse: ΠYΘHΣ ΠYΘOY/ΛAOΔIKEΩN, Zeus Laodiceus standing, left, with eagle and staff, to left and right pilei with star. (Magistrate: Pythes Pythou (without title)).
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 18,0-18,5mm, weight: 6,14 g, axes: 11h,
mint: City: Laodicea ad Lycum, Region: Phrygia, Province: Asia (conventus of Cibyra), date: 35-36 A.D., Magistrate: Pythes Pythou (without title),
ref: RPC I 2901, AMC 1402, SNG Cop 550, BMC Phrygia p. 301, 138 (Augustus!),
16 Specimens
Q-001quadrans
|
|
006c2. Nero & PoppeaAE26. 28.1mm, 9.39 g. Province of Galatia. Obv: NEΡΩNOΣ ΣEBAΣTOY, laureate head of Nero right. Rev: ΠOΠΠAIAΣ ΣEBAΣTHΣ, draped bust of Poppaea right.
RPC 3562; SNG vA 6117.
A FORUM coin.lawrence c
|
|
011p Gaius (Caligula) and Antonia Minor, (37-41 A.D.), Macedonia, Thessalonica, RPC I 1573, AE22, Head of Antonia left, Scarce! #1011p Gaius (Caligula) and Antonia Minor, (37-41 A.D.), Macedonia, Thessalonica, RPC I 1573, AE22, Head of Antonia left, Scarce! #1
avers: Γ.KAIΣAP ΣEBAΣTOΣ, Laureate head of Gaius Caligula left,
reverse: ΓEPMANIKOΣ C(?)E.ΘEΣΣAΛONIKEΩN, Head of Antonia Minor left.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 22,0mm, weight: 9,07g, axis: 5h,
mint: City: Thessalonica, Region: Macedonia, Province: Macedonia, date: 37-41 A.D.,
ref: RPC I 1573, Touratsoglou, Caligula 3-11, 21-4,
19 Specimens
Q-001quadrans
|
|
012p Claudius I. (41-54 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC I 5131, AR-Tetradrachm, MEΣΣAΛI-NA KAIΣ ΣEBAΣ, Messalina standing facing left, #1012p Claudius I. (41-54 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC I 5131, AR-Tetradrachm, MEΣΣAΛI-NA KAIΣ ΣEBAΣ, Messalina standing facing left, #1
avers: TI KΛAΥΔI KAIΣ ΣEBA ΓERMANI AΥTOK, laureate head of Claudius right, LΓ before
reverse: MEΣΣAΛI-NA KAIΣ ΣEBAΣ, Messalina standing facing, head left, leaning on draped column, holding figures of two children in the extended right hand and cradling two-grain ears in the left arm.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 25mm, weight: 11,50g, axis: 0h,
mint: City: Alexandria, Region: Egypt, Province: Egypt,
date: Year (LΓ) 3 = 42-43 A.D.,
ref:
RPC I 5131,
Emmet -,
Milne 0077,
Geissen 0075,
Dattari 0123,
Kampmann-Ganschow 012.22,
Q-001quadrans
|
|
012p Claudius I. (41-54 A.D.), Ionia, Ephesos, RPC I 2624, AE-18, Stag standing right, KOYΣI/NIOΣ, O/T/Δ//EΦE, #1012p Claudius I. (41-54 A.D.), Ionia, Ephesos, RPC I 2624, AE-18, Stag standing right, KOYΣI/NIOΣ, O/T/Δ//EΦE, #1
avers: No legends, Jugate busts of Claudius and Agrippina (the Younger) right.
reverse: Stag standing right, KOYΣI/NIOΣ (Causinius, magistrate) in two lines above, o/T monogram left, ∆ right, EΦE below.
exergue: O/T/Δ//EΦE, diameter: 18,0-19,0mm, weight: 4,38g, axis: 0h,
mint: City: Ephesus, Region: Ionia, Province: Asia, Conventus of Ephesus,
date: 41-54 A.D.,
ref: RPC I 2624, SNG Cop 373-374, BMC 205-206, Weber 5872,
Q-001quadrans
|
|
012p Claudius I. (41-54 A.D.), Judaea, Jerusalem, RPC I 4971, Antonius Felix Procurator, under Claudius, (52-60 A.D.), AE-16(Prutah), BRIT/K-AI, Six branched palm tree, #1012p Claudius I. (41-54 A.D.), Judaea, Jerusalem, RPC I 4971, Antonius Felix Procurator, under Claudius, (52-60 A.D.), AE-16(Prutah), BRIT/K-AI, Six branched palm tree, #1
avers: NEPΩ KΛAY KAICAP, Two crossed shields and spears. (Nero (Caesar)).
reverse: BRIT/K-AI, Six branched palm tree bearing two bunches of dates, L-IΔ, K-AI across the field. (Britannicus (Caesar)).
exergue: L/IΔ//K/AI, diameter: 16,0mm, weight: 2,28g, axes: 0h,
mint: City: Jerusalem, Region: Judaea, Province: Judaea,
date: Dated Year of Claudius (Year 14 = 54 A.D.)
ref: RPC I 4971, Hedin 652,
Q-001quadrans
|
|
012p Claudius I. (41-54 A.D.), Macedonia, Amphipolis, RPC I online 1639, AE-22, AMΦIΠOΛЄITΩN, Artemis on the bull left, #1012p Claudius I. (41-54 A.D.), Macedonia, Amphipolis, RPC I online 1639, AE-22, AMΦIΠOΛЄITΩN, Artemis on the bull left, #1
avers: TI KΛAYΔIOΣ ΣEBAΣTOΣ, Claudius standing left, right hand raised, holding eagle tipped scepter in left.
reverse: ΑΜΦΙΠΟΛЄΙΤΩΝ, Artemis Tauropolos riding a bull left, holding a veil over her head.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 21,6-22,4mm, weight: 8,81g, axis:6h,
mint: City: Amphipolis, Region: Macedonia, Province: Macedonia, date: 41-54 A.D.,
ref: RPC I online 1639 (15 specimens), SNG Cop 98, AMNG 76, BMC 88,
Q-001quadrans
|
|
012p Claudius I. (41-54 A.D.), Macedonia, Macedonian Koinon, RPC I 1612, AE-24, ΣEBAΣTOΣ MAKEΔONΩN, Macedonian shield, #1012p Claudius I. (41-54 A.D.), Macedonia, Macedonian Koinon, RPC I 1612, AE-24, ΣEBAΣTOΣ MAKEΔONΩN, Macedonian shield, #1
avers: TI KΛAYΔIOΣ KAIΣAP, Bare head left.
reverse: ΣEBAΣTOΣ MAKEΔONΩN, Around Macedonian shield.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 23,0-25,0mm, weight: 9,87g, axis: h,
mint: City: Koinon of Macedonia, Region: Macedonia, Province: Macedonia,
date: 41-54 A.D.,
ref: RPC I 1612, Varbanov III 3005-334p, Sear 425-40p, BMC 5 27,145, AMNG 238-9, SNG Cop 1334
Q-001quadrans
|
|
012p Claudius I. (41-54 A.D.), Macedonia, Phillipi, (Time of Claudius or Nero, circa 41-68, A.D.), RPC I 1651, AE-18, (AE Semis?), COHOR PRAE PHIL, Three military standards, #1012p Claudius I. (41-54 A.D.), Macedonia, Phillipi, (Time of Claudius or Nero, circa 41-68, A.D.), RPC I 1651, AE-18, (AE Semis?), COHOR PRAE PHIL, Three military standards, #1
Augustus Macedon Phillipi Æ18 / Struck to Commemorate the Battle of Actium
avers: VIC AVG, Nike standing left holding wreath and palm branch.
reverse: COHOR PRAE PHIL, Three military standards.
exergue: VIC/AVG//--, diameter:18mm, weight: , axis: h,
mint: City: Philippi, Region: Macedonia, Province: Macedonia, Pseudo-autonomous issue, date: Time of Claudius or Nero, circa AD 41-68.,
ref: RPC I Online (1651), SNG ANS 677, SNG Copenhagen 305, AMNG 14-15, BMC 23, SGI 32, FITA 274,
Q-001
"This coin has traditionally been attributed to Augustus, but due to its copper composition, RPC attributes it as likely from Claudius to Nero; Philippi probably did not issue copper coins during the reign of Augustus."quadrans
|
|
012p Claudius I. (41-54 A.D.), Macedonia, Thessalonica, RPC I 1578, AE-21, ΘEΣΣAΛONEIKEON ΘEOΣ ΣEBAΣTOΣ, Radiate head of Augustus right, #1012p Claudius I. (41-54 A.D.), Macedonia, Thessalonica, RPC I 1578, AE-21, ΘEΣΣAΛONEIKEON ΘEOΣ ΣEBAΣTOΣ, Radiate head of Augustus right, #1
avers: ΤΙ ΚΛΑΥ ΚΑΙΣΑΡ ΣΕΒΑΣΤΟΣ ΓΕΡΜ, Laureate head of Claudius left.
reverse: ΘEΣΣAΛONEIKEON ΘEOΣ ΣEBAΣTOΣ, Radiate head of Augustus right.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 20,0-21,5mm, weight: 9,86g, axis: 6h,
mint: City: Thessalonica, Region: Macedonia, Province: Macedonia,
date: 41-45 A.D.,
ref: RPC I 1578, Varbanov 4235-38, Touratsoglou, Claudius 1-8, 11-23 (?41),
Q-001quadrans
|
|
012p Claudius I. (41-54 A.D.), Phrygia, Amorium, RPC I 3237, AE-21, Eagle with caduceus standing, right, #1012p Claudius I. (41-54 A.D.), Phrygia, Amorium, RPC I 3237, AE-21, Eagle with caduceus standing, right, #1
avers: ΤΙ ΚΛΑΥΔΙΟϹ ΓЄΡΜΑΝΙΚΟϹ ΚΑΙϹΑΡ, Laureate head of Claudius right.
revers: ЄΠΙ ΠЄΔΩΝΟϹ ΚΑΙ ΚΑΤΩΝΟϹ, ΑΜΡ (in field), Eagle with caduceus standing, right, on the uncertain object.
exergue: AMP/-//--, diameter: 20,0-21,0mm, weight: 6,09g, axes: 0h,
mint: City: Amorium, Region: Phrygia, Province: Asia, Subprovince: Conventus of Synnada,
date: 41-54 A.D.,
ref: RPC I 3237, BMC 28,
Q-001quadrans
|
|
012p Claudius I. (41-54 A.D.), Phrygia, Philomelium, RPC I 3247, AE-19, Zeus seated, left, #1012p Claudius I. (41-54 A.D.), Phrygia, Philomelium, RPC I 3247, AE-19, Zeus seated, left, #1
avers: ΣΕΒΑΣΤΟΣ, Bare head of Claudius right.
revers: ΒΡΟΚΧ-ΟΙ ΦΙΛΟΜΗ-ΛΕΩΝ, Zeus seated, left, with patera and scepter.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 19,2-19,5mm, weight: 6,07g, axes: 6h,
mint: City: Philomelium, Region: Phrygia, Province: Asia, Subprovince: Conventus of Philomelium,
Magistrate: Brocchos
date: 41-54 A.D.,
ref: RPC I 3247, BMC 9, SNG Cop 646-8,
Q-001quadrans
|
|
012p Claudius I. (41-54 A.D.), Syria, Uncertain Caesarea, RPC I 4084, AE-19, ЄTOYC KAICAPЄΩN Γ, Veiled head of Tyche right, #1012p Claudius I. (41-54 A.D.), Syria, Uncertain Caesarea, RPC I 4084, AE-19, ЄTOYC KAICAPЄΩN Γ, Veiled head of Tyche right, #1
avers: KΛAYΔIOC KAICAP, Bare head of Claudius right.
reverse: ЄTOYC KAICAPЄΩN Γ, Veiled head of Tyche right.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 19,0mm, weight: 5,27g, axes: 0h,
mint: City: Uncertain Caesarea(s), Region: Cilicia, Province: Syria,
date: Year 3 (Γ) = 43 A.D.,
ref: RPC I 4084, BMC Anazarbus 5, Ganschow I, p. 56 Typ X2, Cop (Caesarea, Capp.) 177, Rec (Amisus) 73,
Q-001quadrans
|
|
012p Claudius I. (41-54 A.D.), Syria, Uncertain Caesarea, RPC I 4086, AE-24, KAICAPEΩN ETOYC E, Veiled Tyche seated right, #1012p Claudius I. (41-54 A.D.), Syria, Uncertain Caesarea, RPC I 4086, AE-24, KAICAPEΩN ETOYC E, Veiled Tyche seated right, #1
avers: TIBEPIOC KΛAYΔIOC KAICAP, Bare head of Claudius right.
reverse: KAICAPEΩN ETOYC E, Veiled Tyche, seated right, on rocks and holding ears of corn, below, the river god.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 24,0-24,5mm, weight: 9,7g, axes: 0h,
mint: City: Uncertain Caesarea(s), Region: Cilicia, Province: Syria,
date: E, Year 5 = 45 A.D.,
ref: RPC I 4086, BMC Anazarbus 4, Ganshow I, p. 58 Typ X4,
Q-001quadrans
|
|
014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Achaea, Thessaly, Koinon of Thessaly, RPC I 1439, AE-22, Diassarion, APIΣTIΩNOΣ ΣTPATHΓOY Apollo standing right, #1014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Achaea, Thessaly, Koinon of Thessaly, RPC I 1439, AE-22, Diassarion, APIΣTIΩNOΣ ΣTPATHΓOY Apollo standing right, #1
avers: NEPΩN ΘE ΣΣAΛ ΩN , Laureate head right.
reverse: ΣTPATHΓ OY APIΣTIΩNOΣ, Apollo Kitharoedos standing right, holding kithara (lyre) in his left hand, playing it with his right.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 21,0-23,0mm, weight: 9,55g, axis: 1h
mint: City: Koinon of Thessaly, Region: Thessaly, Province: Achaea,
date: 54-68 AD.,
Magistrate: Aristion (strategos).
ref:
RPC I 1439,
Rogers 79 = Moustaka 84,
BMC 74,
SNG Cop 337,
Burrer Em 1, p. 146-50, 1-29 (series 1) 16 (A3/R13),
Q-001quadrans
|
|
014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC I 5233, AR-Tetradrachm, ΠPON NEOY ΣEBAΣTOY, The emperor, radiate and draped, seated left, #1014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC I 5233, AR-Tetradrachm, ΠPON NEOY ΣEBAΣTOY, The emperor, radiate and draped, seated left, #1
avers: ΝΕΡΩ ΚΛΑΥ ΚΑΙΣ ΣΕΒΑ ΓΕΡ ΑΥΤΟ, Laureate head of Nero right.
reverse: ΠPON NEOY ΣEBAΣTOY, The emperor, radiate and draped, seated left, holding mappa, and scepter.
exergue: LE/-//--, diameter: 22,7-24,5mm, weight: 12,25g, axis: 11h,
mint: City: Alexandria, Region: Egypt, Province: Egypt,
date: Dated year (LE) 5 = 58-59 A.D.,
ref:
RPC I 5233,
Emmet -,
Milne -,
Geissen 0137,
Dattari 0202,
Kampmann-Ganschow 014.47,
Q-001quadrans
|
|
014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC I 5274, AR-Tetradrachm, AYTO KPA, Draped bust of Serapis right, #1014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC I 5274, AR-Tetradrachm, AYTO KPA, Draped bust of Serapis right, #1
avers: NERΩ KΛAΥ KAIΣ ΣEB ΓER, Radiate head of Nero right
reverse: AYTO KPA, Draped bust of Serapis right, wearing calathus, date (LI) to right.
exergue: -/LI//--, diameter: 23,5-25mm, weight: 11,53g, axis: 11h,
mint: City: Alexandria, Region: Egypt, Province: Egypt,
date: Dated year (LI) 10 = 63-64 A.D.,
ref:
RPC I 5274,
Emmet -,
Milne -,
Geissen 0160-0161,
Dattari 0251-0252,
Kampmann-Ganschow 014.77,
Q-001quadrans
|
|
014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC I 5282, AR-Tetradrachm, ΠOΠΠAIA ΣEBAΣTH, draped bust of Poppaea right, #1014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC I 5282, AR-Tetradrachm, ΠOΠΠAIA ΣEBAΣTH, draped bust of Poppaea right, #1
avers: NERΩ ΛKAΥ KAIΣ ΣEB ΓER AV, Radiate head of Nero right.
reverse: ΠOΠΠAIA ΣEBAΣTH, Draped bust of Poppaea right, LIA to right.
exergue: -/LIA//--, diameter: 23,5mm, weight: 12,89g, axis: 0h,
mint: City: Alexandria, Region: Egypt, Province: Egypt,
date: Dated year (LIA) 11 = 64-65 A.D.,
ref:
RPC I 5282,
Emmet -,
Milne 0223,
Geissen 0168-0169,
Dattari 0197,
Kampmann-Ganschow 014.85,
Koln 168,
BMCGr 124,
Q-001quadrans
|
|
014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC I 5284, AR-Tetradrachm, AY TOKPA, Eagle standing left, #1014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC I 5284, AR-Tetradrachm, AY TOKPA, Eagle standing left, #1
avers: NERΩ KΛAΥ KAIΣ ΣEB ΓER AY, Radiate head of Nero right
reverse: AY TOKPA, Eagle standing left, palm over the far wing, date (LIA) to left.
exergue: LIA/Simpulum//--, diameter: 24mm, weight: 13,86g, axis: 1h,
mint: City: Alexandria, Region: Egypt, Province: Egypt,
date: Dated year (LIA) 11 = 64-65 A.D.,
ref:
RPC I 5284,
Emmet -,
Milne -,
Geissen 0167,
Dattari 0271,
Kampmann-Ganschow 014.83,
Q-001quadrans
|
|
014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC I 5289, AR-Tetradrachm, ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑ, -/LiB//--, Bust of Alexandria right, #1014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC I 5289, AR-Tetradrachm, ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑ, -/LiB//--, Bust of Alexandria right, #1
avers: ΝΕΡΩ ΚΛΑV ΚΑΙΣ ΣΕΒ ΓΕΡ, Radiate bust of Nero with aegis, right.
reverse: ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑ, Bust of Alexandria with elephant headdress, right.
exergue: -/LiB//--, diameter: 23,0-24,4mm, weight: 13,11g, axis: 1h,
mint: City: Alexandria, Region: Egypt, Province: Egypt,
date: Dated year (LiB) 12 = 65-66 A.D.,
ref:
RPC I 5289,
Emmet -,
Milne -,
Geissen 0172-0174,
Dattari 0204,
Kampmann-Ganschow 014.88,
Q-001quadrans
|
|
014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC I 5289, AR-Tetradrachm, ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑ, -/LiB//--, Bust of Alexandria right, #2014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC I 5289, AR-Tetradrachm, ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑ, -/LiB//--, Bust of Alexandria right, #2
avers: ΝΕΡΩ ΚΛΑV ΚΑΙΣ ΣΕΒ ΓΕΡ, Radiate bust of Nero with aegis, right.
reverse: ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑ, Bust of Alexandria with elephant headdress, right.
exergue: -/LiB//--, diameter: 22,0-23,5mm, weight: 13,37g, axis: 1h,
mint: City: Alexandria, Region: Egypt, Province: Egypt,
date: Dated year (LiB) 12 = 65-66 A.D.,
ref:
RPC I 5289,
Emmet -,
Milne -,
Geissen 0172-0174,
Dattari 0204,
Kampmann-Ganschow 014.88,
Q-002quadrans
|
|
014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Ionia, Smyrna, Asia (conventus of Smyrna), RPC I 2486, AE-17, Poppaea as Nike, advancing left, #1014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Ionia, Smyrna, Asia (conventus of Smyrna), RPC I 2486, AE-17, Poppaea as Nike, advancing left, #1
avers: NEΡΩNA CEBACTON, Laureate head right.
reverse: NEIKHN ΠOΠΠAIA ZMYΡ, Poppaea as Nike, advancing left, holding wreath and cornucopia.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter:17,5mm, weight: 4,10g, axis: h,
mint: City: Smyrna, Region: Ionia, Province: Asia (conventus of Smyrna),
date: Issue: c. 62-65 A.D.,
ref: RPC I 2486, Klose XXXIV B, 18–31,
Q-001quadrans
|
|
014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Lydia, Apollonoshieron, Asia (conventus of Sardis), RPC I 3045, AE-18, Apollo standing front, #1014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Lydia, Apollonoshieron, Asia (conventus of Sardis), RPC I 3045, AE-18, Apollo standing front, #1
avers: NEΡΩN KAICAΡ CEBACTOC, laureate head right
reverse: AΠOΛΛΩNI/EΡEITΩN, Apollo standing front, head right, holding patera in right hand and resting with left on lyre.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter:18,0mm, weight: 3,04g, axis: 6h
mint: City: Apollonoshieron, Region: Lydia, Province: Asia (conventus of Sardis),
date: 54-68 AD.,
ref: RPC I 3045; BMC 8-9; SNG Cop 33,
Q-001quadrans
|
|
014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Lydia, Maeonia, Asia (conventus of Sardis), RPC I 3015, AE-16, Mên (Lunus), standing left, #1014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Lydia, Maeonia, Asia (conventus of Sardis), RPC I 3015, AE-16, Mên (Lunus), standing left, #1
avers: NЄPΩИ KAIΣAP, Laureate head right.
reverse: MAIONΩN MENEKPATOYΣ / ЄΠ TI KΛ, Mên (Lunus), standing left, holding pine cone and scepter.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 16,0-16,5mm, weight: 3,09g, axes: 0h,
mint: City: Maeonia, Region: Lydia, Province: Asia (conventus of Sardis),
date: c. 65 A.D.,
ref: RPC I 3015, BMC 35,
Q-001quadrans
|
|
014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Macedonia, Thessalonika, RPC I 1603, AE-23, ΘEΣΣA/ΛONIKE/ΩN, in oak wreath, Scarce! #1014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Macedonia, Thessalonika, RPC I 1603, AE-23, ΘEΣΣA/ΛONIKE/ΩN, in oak wreath, Scarce! #1
avers: NEΡΩN ΣEBAΣTOΣ KAIΣAΡ, Bare head of Nero left.
reverse: ΘEΣΣA/ΛONIKE/ΩN in three lines, surrounded by an oak wreath, eagle with wings spread above.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 23,0mm, weight: 6,68g, axis: 7h,
mint: City: Thessalonika, Region: Macedonia, Province: Macedonia,
date: Issue V: ΣΕΒΑΣΣΤΟΣ, bare head, l., 54-68 A.D.,
ref: RPC I 1603, Moushmov Online 6707b, Touratsoglou, Nero 21-6, Scarce!
9 Specimens
Q-001quadrans
|
|
014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Syria, Antioch, RPC I 4182, AR-Tetradrachm, Palm/H/IP//--, Eagle standing left on thunderbolt, #1014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Syria, Antioch, RPC I 4182, AR-Tetradrachm, Palm/H/IP//--, Eagle standing left on thunderbolt, #1
avers: NEPΩNOΣ KAIΣAPOΣ ΣEBAΣTOY, Laureate bust right, wearing aegis.
reverse: Eagle standing left on thunderbolt, palm branch before, H/IP behind.
exergue: Palm/H/IP//--, diameter: 24,5-25,5mm, weight: 14,15g, axis: 1h,
mint: City: Antioch, Region: Syria, Province: Syria,
date: Regnal year 8, Caesarian year 110 = 61/62 A.D.,
ref: RPC I 4182, Wr. 39,
Q-001quadrans
|
|
014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Syria, Antioch, RPC I 4283Avar.(legend!), AE-20 Semis, SC within a circle, laurel wreath around, #1014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Syria, Antioch, RPC I 4283Avar.(legend!), AE-20 Semis, SC within a circle, laurel wreath around, #1
avers: IM•NER•CL (AV•GER), Laureate head right.
reverse: SC within a circle, laurel wreath around.
exergue: S/C//--, diameter: 19,5-20,5 mm, weight: 8,51g, axis: 1h,
mint: City: Antioch, Region: Syria, Province: Syria,
date: Undated issue: Early in the reign, 54-68 A.D.,
ref: RPC I 4283Avar.(legend!), Wruck -, SNG Cop -, McAlee 283,
Q-001quadrans
|
|
016c01. AntinousLead tessera, Antinoopolis(?) mint, weight 4.994g, maximum diameter 23.8mm, die axis 180o, c. 130 - 153 A.D.; obverse draped bust of Antinous right, wearing hem-hem crown of Harpocrates, large crescent before with horns left; reverse Nilus reclining right on sphinx, reed in his left hand curling up behind his shoulder and head, cornucopia before him in left hand; Euthenia on right, standing left, crowning Nilus with a wreath; ex Classical Numismatic Group e-auction 476 (9 Sep 2020), lot 287; ex BLS Collection. A Forum coin.
This token type is illustrated and discussed in "Tokens of Antinous from the Roman province of Egypt" by DENISE WILDING in CLARE ROWAN, editor, Tokens: Culture, Connections, Communities, Royal Numismatic Society Special Publication No. 57. ISBN 0 901405 35 3
lawrence c
|
|
02. Persian Empire: Province of Cilicia: City of Tarsos.Double shekel, ca. 351 BC.
Obverse: Baal of Tarsos seated, holding eagle, ear of wheat, bunch of grapes, and sceptre.
Reverse: Lion attacking bull.
10.51 gm., 24 mm.
S. #5650; series V in Myriandros Katisson (E.T. Newell).Callimachus
|
|
020p Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), Cappadocia, Caesarea, Galatia-Cappadocia, RPC II 1659, AR-Hemidrachm, Nike advancing right, #1020p Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), Cappadocia, Caesarea, Galatia-Cappadocia, RPC II 1659, AR-Hemidrachm, Nike advancing right, #1
avers: AYTOKP KAICAP OYЄCΠACIANOC CЄBA Laureate head of Vespasian to right.
reverse: Nike advancing right, holding wreath in her right hand and palm frond over her left shoulder.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 12,9-13,9mm, weight: 1,54g, axis: 0h,
mint: City: Caesarea, Region: Cappadocia, Province: Galatia-Cappadocia,
date: 69-79 A.D.,
ref: RPC II 1659, Sydenham 94, Metcalf 17, SGI 735,
Q-001quadrans
|
|
020p Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), Caria, Trapezopolis, RPC II 1235, AE-19, Cybele standing facing between two lions, #1020p Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), Caria, Trapezopolis, RPC II 1235, AE-19, Cybele standing facing between two lions, #1
avers: OYEΣΠAΣIANOΣ ΣEBAΣTOΣ, Laureate head right.
reverse: ΤΡΑΠΗΖΟΠΟΛΙΤΩΝ / ΚΛΑΥΔΙΟY / ΟΡΟΝΤΗΣ, Cybele standing facing between two lions. Klaudios Orontes, magistrate.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 18,7-20,0mm, weight: 3,92g, axis: 6h,
mint: City: Trapezopolis, Region: Caria, Province: Asia, Subprovince: Conventus of Alabanda,
date: 69-79 A.D.,
ref: RPC II 1235,
Q-001quadrans
|
|
020p Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC II 2413, AR-Tetradrachm, PΩMH, Roma standing left, #1020p Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC II 2413, AR-Tetradrachm, PΩMH, Roma standing left, #1
avers: AYTOK KAIΣ ΣEBA OYEΣΠAΣIANOY, laureate head of Vespasianus right, LB before.
reverse: PΩMH, Roma standing left, holding spear and shield.
exergue: -/LB//--, diameter: 25mm, weight: 12,69g, axis: 0h,
mint: City: Alexandria, Region: Egypt, Province: Egypt,
date: Year (LB) 2 = 69-70 A.D.,
ref: RPC II 2413, Geissen-278, Dattari-365, Kapmann-Ganschow-20.15-p-68, Milne- ,
Q-001quadrans
|
|
020p Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC II 2430, AR-Tetradrachm, LΓ, Isis bust right, #1020p Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC II 2430, AR-Tetradrachm, LΓ, Isis bust right, #1
avers: AYTOK KAIΣ ΣEBA OYEΣΠAΣIANOY, laureate head of Vespasianus right.
reverse: LΓ, Isis bust right.
exergue: -/LΓ//--, diameter: 25mm, weight: 12,14g, axis: 0h,
mint: City: Alexandria, Region: Egypt, Province: Egypt,
date: Year (LΓ) 3 = 70-71 A.D.,
ref: RPC II 2430, Geissen-287, Dattari-379, Kapmann-Ganschow-20.29-p-69, Milne- ,
Q-001quadrans
|
|
020p Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC II 2441, AE-25, -/LϚ//--, Serapis bust right, #1020p Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC II 2441, AE-25, -/LϚ//--, Serapis bust right, #1
avers: AYTOK KAIΣ ΣEBA OYEΣΠAΣIANOY, Laureate head of Vespasianus right.
reverse: LϚ, Serapis bust right.
exergue: -/-//LϚ, diameter: 25mm, weight: 12,14g, axis: 0h,
mint: City: Alexandria, Region: Egypt, Province: Egypt,
date: Year (LϚ) 6 = 73-74 A.D.,
ref: RPC II 2441, Geissen-300, Dattari-401, Kapmann-Ganschow-20.45-p-70, Milne- ,
Q-001quadrans
|
|
020p Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC II 2447, Bi-Tetradrachm, LH, Laureate head of Titus right, #1020p Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC II 2447, Bi-Tetradrachm, LH, Laureate head of Titus right, #1
avers: AYTOK KAIΣ ΣEBA OYEΣΠAΣIANOY, Laureate head of Vespasianus right, LH.
reverse: ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑΤΩΡ ΤΙΤΟΣ ΚΑΙΣΑΡ, Laureate head of Titus right.
exergue: -/LH//--, diameter: 22,0-23,0mm, weight: 10,82g, axis: 0h,
mint: City: Alexandria, Region: Egypt, Province: Egypt,
date: Year (LH) 8 = 75-76 A.D.,
ref: RPC II 2447, Geissen-303-304, Dattari-347-349, Kapmann-Ganschow-20.53-p-70, Milne- ,
Q-001quadrans
|
|
020p Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), Lydia, Sardis, Asia (conventus of Sardis), RPC II 1312, AE-21, Mên standing left, holding pine cone and scepter, #1020p Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), Lydia, Sardis, Asia (conventus of Sardis), RPC II 1312, AE-21, Mên standing left, holding pine cone and scepter, #1
avers: AYTOK KAIC OYЄCΠACIANΩ, Laureate head of Vespasian right.
reverse: ЄΠI T ΦΛ ЄICΓONOV CAPΔIANΩN, Mên standing left, holding pine cone and scepter, to left, monogram (CTRA) above the lighted altar. (Magistrate: T Fl Eisigonos (strategos)).
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 20,0-21,0mm, weight: 6,97g, axis: 6h,
mint: City: Sardis, Region: Lydia, Province: Asia (conventus of Sardis).
date: 69-79 A.D., Magistrate: T Fl Eisigonos (strategos)
ref: RPC II 1312, Waddington 5248,
Q-001quadrans
|
|
020p Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), Troas, Ilion, Asia (conventus of Adramyteum), RPC II 0893, AE-21, Confronted, laureate and draped busts of Titus right and Domitian left #1020p Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), Troas, Ilion, Asia (conventus of Adramyteum), RPC II 0893, AE-21, Confronted, laureate and draped busts of Titus right and Domitian left #1
avers: (AYTOK K CEBAC) OYECPACIANOC, Laureate head of Vespasian right
reverse: TITω KAICAP I ΔOMITIANΩ KA IΛI, Confronted, laureate and draped busts of Titus right and Domitian left. Between them, cult image of Athena, standing on a low base, turned half left, brandishing spear and resting a hand on the shield.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 19,5-21,0mm, weight: 8,25g, axis: 0h,
mint: City: Ilium, Region: Troas, Province: Asia (conventus of Adramyteum),
date: 69-79 A.D.,
ref: RPC II 0893, Bellinger T127, BMC 46, SNG Cop 392,
Q-001quadrans
|
|
020p Vespasian with Titus (69-79 A.D.), Cappadocia, Caesarea, Galatia-Cappadocia, RPC II 1650, AR-Didrachm, Laureate head of Titus right, #1020p Vespasian with Titus (69-79 A.D.), Cappadocia, Caesarea, Galatia-Cappadocia, RPC II 1650, AR-Didrachm, Laureate head of Titus right, #1
avers: AYTOKPA KAICAP OYЄCΠACIANOC CЄBACTOC, Laureate head of Vespasian right.
reverse: AYTO KAI OYЄCΠACIANOC CЄBACTOY YIOC, Laureate head of Titus right.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 19,0-20,0mm, weight: 6,73g, axis: 0h,
mint: City: Caesarea, Region: Cappadocia, Province: Galatia-Cappadocia,
date: 69-79 A.D.,
ref: RPC II 1650, Sydenham 102, Metcalf Conspectus 4, Ganschow 66b,
Q-001quadrans
|
|
| 981 files on 11 page(s) |
1 |
 |
|
|
|
|
|
