| Image search results - "PULCHER" |
Denarius - 110-109 BC (Grueber 91/90 B.C.) - Mint of Rome
C. CLAVDIVS PVLCHER - Gens Claudia
Obv.: Head of helmeted Roma right
Rev.: Victory in biga galloping right. Below, C. PVLCHER.
Gs. 3,8 mm. 18
Crawf. 300/1, Sear RCV 177, Grueber 1288
Maxentius
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Denarius
Appius Claudius Pulcher, T Manlius Mancinus & Q Urbinus
Mint: Rome
111-110 BCE
Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma, right; behind, mark (circle within a triangle); border of dots
Reverse: Victory in triga right, holding reins in both hands, one horse looking back; AP CL T MAL Q VR in exergue; border of dots
Crawford (RRC) 299/1a
Sydenham 570
RSC I Mallia 1
SRCV I 176
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Kingdom of JERUSALEM. Struck during the siege of Jerusalem by Sibylla, Queen of Jerusalem and Balian of Ibelin in 1187 . Bi Denier .Kingdom of Jerusalem . Struck during the siege of Jerusalem by Sibylla, Queen of Jerusalem and Balian of Ibelin in 1187 . Bi Denier .
+ TVRRIS DAVIT (legend retrograde), Tower of David
+ SЄPVLChRVM DOMINI, view of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher
Slocum 288; cf. C.J. Sabine, “Numismatic iconography of the Tower of David and the Holy Sepulchre,” NC 1979, pl. 17, 3; N. du Quesne Bird, “Two deniers from Jerusalem, Jordan,” NumCirc LXXIII.5 (May 1965), p. 109; Metcalf, Crusades, p. 77; CCS 51.
Very Rare . Thirteen known example .
The Ernoul chronicle refers to Balian of Ibelin and the patriarch Heraclius of Jerusalem stripped the silver and gold edicule from the Church of the Holy Sepulcher for striking coins to pay those defending the city at it's last stand .Vladislav D
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- 27 BC-14 AD - Augustus - RIC I 425 - Cornucopia and Altar QuadransEmperor: Augustus (r. 27 BC - 14 AD)
Date: 8 BC
Condition: VF
Denomination: Quadrans
Obverse: PVLCHER TAVRVS REGVLVS
Pulcher Taurus Regulus (moneyer)
S - C to left and right of cornucopia
Reverse: IIIVIR AAAFF round garlanded altar
The Three Men for Striking and Casting Gold, Silver and Bronze.
Rome mint
RIC I Augustus 425
3.14g; 18.2mm; 15°Pep
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014 - FVLVIAFulvia was an aristocratic Roman woman who lived during the Late Roman Republic. She gained access to power through her marriage to Publius Clodius Pulcher, Gaius Scribonius Curio, and Mark Antony.
for obverse, reverse and coin details click here
shanxi
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08-01 - APPIUS CLAUDIUS PULCHER, T. MANLIUS MANCINUS y Q. URBINIUS (111 - 110 A.C.)AR Denarius 17 mm 3.3 gr
Anv: Busto de Minerva o Palas (como Roma) con yelmo alado viendo a derecha, detrás un signo desconocido.
Rev: Victoria llevando con ambas manos las riendas de una triga que cabalga a derecha . Uno de los caballos mira hacia atrás.
Una de las dos ocasiones en que se acuña una triga ( Carruaje de guerra griego tirado por tres caballos) en las monedas romanas. "AP•CL•T•MANL•Q•VR" (MANL y VR en ligadura) en Exergo.
Ceca: Roma
Referencias: Sear RCTV Vol.1 #176 Pag.106 - Craw RRC #299/1a - Syd CRR #570 - BMCRR #1290 - RSC Vol.1 Claudia 2 Pag.31mdelvalle
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08-01 - APPIUS CLAUDIUS PULCHER, T. MANLIUS MANCINUS y Q. URBINIUS (111 - 110 A.C.)AR Denarius 17 mm 3.3 gr
Anv: Busto de Minerva o Palas (como Roma) con yelmo alado viendo a derecha, detrás un signo desconocido.
Rev: Victoria llevando con ambas manos las riendas de una triga que cabalga a derecha . Uno de los caballos mira hacia atrás.
Una de las dos ocasiones en que se acuña una triga ( Carruaje de guerra griego tirado por tres caballos) en las monedas romanas. "AP•CL•T•MANL•Q•VR" (MANL y VR en ligadura) en Exergo.
Ceca: Roma
Referencias: Sear RCTV Vol.1 #176 Pag.106 - Craw RRC #299/1a - Syd CRR #570 - BMCRR #1290 - RSC Vol.1 Claudia 2 Pag.31mdelvalle
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109a. Theodosius IIEastern Empire
Co-Augustus under Arcadius 402 - 408
Sole Augustus 408 - 450
Proclaimed as co-emperor in 402 as an infant by his father Arcadius. In 408 at age 7, he became sole emperor of the East. Actual power initially was wielded first by his praetorian praefect, then in 414 his older sister Pulcheria was proclaimed augusta and assumed practical power. Many border stresses and incursions. Very involved in religious controversies of the time. Killed in a riding accident in 450.lawrence c
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109b. PulcheriaElder sister of Theodosius II. For many years, she essentially ruled as his regent.lawrence c
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111-110 B.C., T. Manlius Mancinus, Appius Claudius Pulcher and Q. Urbinus, Republic AR-Denarius, Crawford 299/1b, Rome, Victory in triga right, #1111-110 B.C., T. Manlius Mancinus, Appius Claudius Pulcher and Q. Urbinus, Republic AR-Denarius, Crawford 299/1b, Rome, Victory in triga right, #1
avers: Helmeted head of Roma right; circle behind. Border of dots.
reverse: Victory in triga right, T•MAL•AP•CL•Q•VR•(MAL and VR ligate) below. Border of dots.
exergue:-/-//T•MAL•AP•CL•Q•VR•(MAL and VR ligate), diameter: 16,5-18,0mm, weight: 3,90g, axis: 10h,
mint: Rome, date: 111-110 B.C., ref: Crawford-299-1b, Syd-570a, Mallia 2.,
Q-001quadrans
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119a. MarcianEastern Augustus 25 August 450 – 27 January 457
Without an heir to Theodosius, Marcian was selected by Pulcheria as the successor, and she married him in a purely political marriage. He was a 58 or 60 year old soldier and personal assistant to senior officials when selected. Reasonably successful reign.lawrence c
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12 - Personalities of the EmpireFlavius Victor, Arcadius, Eudoxia, Honorius, Gala Placidia, Johannes, Theodosius II, Aelia Pulcheria, Valentinianus III, Marcian, Leon I, Severus III, Zenon I and Anastasius I (pre-reform)mdelvalle
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1505b, Theodosius I, 19 January 379 - 17 January 395 A.D. (Antioch)Theodosius I, 19 January 379 - 17 January 395 A.D. Bronze AE 3, RIC 44(b), VF, Antioch, 2.17g, 18.1mm, 180o, 9 Aug 378 - 25 Aug 383 A.D. Obverse: D N THEODOSIVS P F AVG, rosette-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right; Reverse: CONCORDIA AVGGG, Constantinopolis enthroned facing, r. foot on prow, globe in l., scepter in r., Q and F at sides, ANTG in ex; scarce.
De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families
THEODOSIUS I (379-395 A.D.)
David Woods
University College of Cork
Origin and Early Career
Flavius Theodosius was born at Cauca in Spain in about 346 to Thermantia and Theodosius the Elder (so-called to distinguish him from his son). Theodosius the Elder was a senior military officer serving in the Western empire and rose to become the magister equitum praesentalis under the emperor Valentinian I from late 368 until his execution in early 375. As the son of a soldier, Theodosius was legally obliged to enter upon a military career. He seems to have served under his father during his expedition to Britain in 367/8, and was the dux Moesiae Primae by late 374. Unfortunately, great controversy surrounds the rest of his career until Gratian had him hailed as his imperial colleague in succession to the emperor Valens at Sirmium on 19 January 379. It is clear that he was forced to retire home to Spain only to be recalled to active service shortly thereafter, but the circumstances of his forced retirement are shrouded in mystery. His father was executed at roughly the same time, and much speculation has centred on the relationship between these events.
[For a very detailed and interesting discussion of the Foreign Policy of Theodosius and the Civil Wars that plagued his reign, please see http://www.roman-emperors.org/theo1.htm]
Family and Succession
Theodosius married twice. His first wife was the Spanish Aelia Flavia Flaccilla. She bore him Arcadius ca. 377, Honorius on 9 September 384, and Pulcheria ca. 385. Theodosius honoured her with the title of Augusta shortly after his accession, but she died in 386. In late 387 he married Galla, daughter of Valentinian I and full-sister of Valentinian II. She bore him Gratian ca. 388, Galla Placidia ca. 388/390, and died in childbirth in 394, together with her new-born son John. Of his two sons who survived infancy, he appointed Arcadius as Augustus on 19 January 383 and Honorius as Augustus on 23 January 393. His promotion of Arcadius as a full Augustus at an unusually young age points to his determination right from the start that one of his own sons should succeed him. He sought to strengthen Arcadius' position in particular by means of a series of strategic marriages whose purpose was to tie his leading "generals" irrevocably to his dynasty. Hence he married his niece and adoptive daughter Serena to his magister militum per Orientem Stilicho in 387, her elder sister Thermantia to a "general" whose name has not been preserved, and ca. 387 his nephew-in-law Nebridius to Salvina, daughter of the comes Africae Gildo. By the time of his death by illness on 17 January 395, Theodosius had promoted Stilicho from his position as one of the two comites domesticorum under his own eastern administration to that of magister peditum praesentalis in a western administration, in an entirely traditional manner, under his younger son Honorius. Although Stilicho managed to increase the power of the magister peditum praesentalis to the disadvantage of his colleague the magister equitum praesentalis and claimed that Theodosius had appointed him as guardian for both his sons, this tells us more about his cunning and ambition than it does about Theodosius' constitutional arrangements.
Theodosius' importance rests on the fact that he founded a dynasty which continued in power until the death of his grandson Theodosius II in 450. This ensured a continuity of policy which saw the emergence of Nicene Christianity as the orthodox belief of the vast majority of Christians throughout the middle ages. It also ensured the essential destruction of paganism and the emergence of Christianity as the religion of the state, even if the individual steps in this process can be difficult to identify. On the negative side, however, he allowed his dynastic interests and ambitions to lead him into two unnecessary and bloody civil wars which severely weakened the empire's ability to defend itself in the face of continued barbarian pressure upon its frontiers. In this manner, he put the interests of his family before those of the wider Roman population and was responsible, in many ways, for the phenomenon to which we now refer as the fall of the western Roman empire.
Copyright (C) 1998, David Woods.
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.
There is a nice segue here, as we pick-up John Julius Norwich's summation of the reign of Theodosius, "Readers of this brief account of his career may well find themselves wondering, not so much whether he deserved the title of 'the Great' as how he ever came to acquire it in the first place. If so, however, they may also like to ask themselves another question: what would have been the fate of the Empire if, at that critical moment in its history after the battle of Adrianople, young Gratian had not called him from his Spanish estates and put the future of the East into his hands? . . . the probability is that the whole Empire of the East would have been lost, swallowed up in a revived Gothic kingdom, with effects on world history that defy speculation.
In his civil legislation he showed, again and again, a consideration for the humblest of his subjects that was rare indeed among rulers of the fourth century. What other prince would have decreed that any criminal, sentenced to execution, imprisonment or exile, must first be allowed thirty days' grace to put his affairs in order? Or that a specified part of his worldly goods must go to his children, upon whom their father's crimes must on no account be visited? Or that no farmer should be obliged to sell his produce to the State at a price lower than he would receive on the open market?
Had he earned his title? Not, perhaps, in the way that Constantine had done or as Justinian was to do. But, if not ultimately great himself, he had surely come very close to greatness; and had he reigned as long as they did his achievements might well have equalled theirs. He might even have saved the Western Empire. One thing only is certain: it would be nearly a century and a half before the Romans would look upon his like again" (Norwich, John Julius. Byzantium, the Early Centuries. London: Penguin Group, 1990. 116-7;118).
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
Cleisthenes
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1505c, Theodosius I, 379 - 395 A.D. (Constantinople)Theodosius I (379 - 395 AD) AE3. 388-394 AD, RIC IX 27(a)3, Third Officina. Seventh Period. 20.27 mm. 4.8gm. Near VF with black and earthen patina. Constantinople. Obverse: DN THEODO-SIANVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped, & cuirassed bust right; Reverse: GLORIA-ROMANORVM, Theodosius I standing, facing, holding labarum and globe, CONSB in exergue (scarcer reverse). A Spanish find.
De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families
THEODOSIUS I (379-395 A.D.)
David Woods
University College of Cork
Origin and Early Career
Flavius Theodosius was born at Cauca in Spain in about 346 to Thermantia and Theodosius the Elder (so-called to distinguish him from his son). Theodosius the Elder was a senior military officer serving in the Western empire and rose to become the magister equitum praesentalis under the emperor Valentinian I from late 368 until his execution in early 375. As the son of a soldier, Theodosius was legally obliged to enter upon a military career. He seems to have served under his father during his expedition to Britain in 367/8, and was the dux Moesiae Primae by late 374. Unfortunately, great controversy surrounds the rest of his career until Gratian had him hailed as his imperial colleague in succession to the emperor Valens at Sirmium on 19 January 379. It is clear that he was forced to retire home to Spain only to be recalled to active service shortly thereafter, but the circumstances of his forced retirement are shrouded in mystery. His father was executed at roughly the same time, and much speculation has centred on the relationship between these events.
[For a very detailed and interesting discussion of the Foreign Policy of Theodosius and the Civil Wars that plagued his reign, please see http://www.roman-emperors.org/theo1.htm]
Family and Succession
Theodosius married twice. His first wife was the Spanish Aelia Flavia Flaccilla. She bore him Arcadius ca. 377, Honorius on 9 September 384, and Pulcheria ca. 385. Theodosius honoured her with the title of Augusta shortly after his accession, but she died in 386. In late 387 he married Galla, daughter of Valentinian I and full-sister of Valentinian II. She bore him Gratian ca. 388, Galla Placidia ca. 388/390, and died in childbirth in 394, together with her new-born son John. Of his two sons who survived infancy, he appointed Arcadius as Augustus on 19 January 383 and Honorius as Augustus on 23 January 393. His promotion of Arcadius as a full Augustus at an unusually young age points to his determination right from the start that one of his own sons should succeed him. He sought to strengthen Arcadius' position in particular by means of a series of strategic marriages whose purpose was to tie his leading "generals" irrevocably to his dynasty. Hence he married his niece and adoptive daughter Serena to his magister militum per Orientem Stilicho in 387, her elder sister Thermantia to a "general" whose name has not been preserved, and ca. 387 his nephew-in-law Nebridius to Salvina, daughter of the comes Africae Gildo. By the time of his death by illness on 17 January 395, Theodosius had promoted Stilicho from his position as one of the two comites domesticorum under his own eastern administration to that of magister peditum praesentalis in a western administration, in an entirely traditional manner, under his younger son Honorius. Although Stilicho managed to increase the power of the magister peditum praesentalis to the disadvantage of his colleague the magister equitum praesentalis and claimed that Theodosius had appointed him as guardian for both his sons, this tells us more about his cunning and ambition than it does about Theodosius' constitutional arrangements.
Theodosius' importance rests on the fact that he founded a dynasty which continued in power until the death of his grandson Theodosius II in 450. This ensured a continuity of policy which saw the emergence of Nicene Christianity as the orthodox belief of the vast majority of Christians throughout the middle ages. It also ensured the essential destruction of paganism and the emergence of Christianity as the religion of the state, even if the individual steps in this process can be difficult to identify. On the negative side, however, he allowed his dynastic interests and ambitions to lead him into two unnecessary and bloody civil wars which severely weakened the empire's ability to defend itself in the face of continued barbarian pressure upon its frontiers. In this manner, he put the interests of his family before those of the wider Roman population and was responsible, in many ways, for the phenomenon to which we now refer as the fall of the western Roman empire.
Copyright (C) 1998, David Woods.
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.
There is a nice segue here, as we pick-up John Julius Norwich's summation of the reign of Theodosius, "Readers of this brief account of his career may well find themselves wondering, not so much whether he deserved the title of 'the Great' as how he ever came to acquire it in the first place. If so, however, they may also like to ask themselves another question: what would have been the fate of the Empire if, at that critical moment in its history after the battle of Adrianople, young Gratian had not called him from his Spanish estates and put the future of the East into his hands? . . . the probability is that the whole Empire of the East would have been lost, swallowed up in a revived Gothic kingdom, with effects on world history that defy speculation.
In his civil legislation he showed, again and again, a consideration for the humblest of his subjects that was rare indeed among rulers of the fourth century. What other prince would have decreed that any criminal, sentenced to execution, imprisonment or exile, must first be allowed thirty days' grace to put his affairs in order? Or that a specified part of his worldly goods must go to his children, upon whom their father's crimes must on no account be visited? Or that no farmer should be obliged to sell his produce to the State at a price lower than he would receive on the open market?
Had he earned his title? Not, perhaps, in the way that Constantine had done or as Justinian was to do. But, if not ultimately great himself, he had surely come very close to greatness; and had he reigned as long as they did his achievements might well have equalled theirs. He might even have saved the Western Empire. One thing only is certain: it would be nearly a century and a half before the Romans would look upon his like again" (Norwich, John Julius. Byzantium, the Early Centuries. London: Penguin Group, 1990. 116-7;118).
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.Cleisthenes
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1ae2 FulviaFirst wife of Marc Antony
ca 83-40 BC
AR Quinarius
Bust of Victory right with the likeness of Fulvia, III VIR R P C
Lion right between A and XLI; ANTONI above, IMP in ex
RSC 3, Syd 1163, Cr489/6
Fulvia was the first Roman non-mythological woman to appear on Roman coins. She gained access to power through her marriage to three of the most promising men of her generation, Publius Clodius Pulcher, Gaius Scribonius Curio, and Marcus Antonius. All three husbands were politically active populares, tribunes, and supporters of Julius Caesar. Fulvia married Mark Antony in 47 or 46 BC, a few years after Curio's death, although Cicero suggested that Fulvia and Antony had had a relationship since 58 BC. According to him, while Fulvia and Antony were married, Antony once left a military post to sneak back into Rome during the night and personally deliver a love letter to Fulvia describing his love for her and how he had stopped seeing the famous actress Cytheris. Cicero also suggested that Antony married Fulvia for her money. At the time of their marriage, Antony was an established politician. He had already been tribune in 49 BC, commanded armies under Caesar and was Master of the Horse in 47 BC. As a couple, they were a formidable political force in Rome, and had two sons together, Marcus Antonius Antyllus and Iullus Antonius.
Suetonius wrote, "[Antony] took a wife, Fulvia, the widow of Clodius the demagogue, a woman not born for spinning or housewifery, nor one that could be content with ruling a private husband, but prepared to govern a first magistrate, or give orders to a commander-in-chief. So that Cleopatra had great obligations to her for having taught Antony to be so good a servant, he coming to her hands tame and broken into entire obedience to the commands of a mistress. He used to play all sorts of sportive, boyish tricks, to keep Fulvia in good-humour. As, for example, when Caesar, after his victory in Spain, was on his return, Antony, among the rest, went out to meet him; and, a rumour being spread that Caesar was killed and the enemy marching into Italy, he returned to Rome, and, disguising himself, came to her by night muffled up as a servant that brought letters from Antony. She, with great impatience, before received the letter, asks if Antony were well, and instead of an answer he gives her the letter; and, as she was opening it, took her about the neck and kissed her."
After Julius Caesar was assassinated, Antony became the most powerful man in Rome. Fulvia was heavily involved in the political aftermath. After Caesar's death, the senate realized his popularity and declared that they would pass all of Caesar's planned laws. Antony had attained possession of Caesar's papers, and with the ability to produce papers in support of any law, Fulvia and Antony made a fortune and gained immense power. She allegedly accompanied Antony to his military camp at Brundisium in 44 BC. Appian wrote that in December 44 and again in 41 BC, while Antony was abroad and Cicero campaigned for Antony to be declared an enemy of the state, Fulvia attempted to block such declarations by soliciting support on Antony's behalf.
Antony formed the second triumvirate with Octavian (the future emperor Augustus) and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus on 43 BC and began to conduct proscriptions. To solidify the political alliance, Fulvia's daughter Clodia was married to the young Octavian. Appian and Cassius Dio describe Fulvia as being involved in the violent proscriptions, which were used to destroy enemies and gain badly needed funds to secure control of Rome. Antony pursued his political enemies, chief among them being Cicero, who had openly criticized him for abusing his powers as consul after Caesar's assassination. Though many ancient sources wrote that Fulvia was happy to take revenge against Cicero for Antony's and Clodius' sake, Cassius Dio is the only ancient source that describes the joy with which she pierced the tongue of the dead Cicero with her golden hairpins, as a final revenge against Cicero's power of speech.
In 42 BC, Antony and Octavian left Rome to pursue Julius Caesar's assassins, Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus. Fulvia was left behind as the most powerful woman in Rome. According to Cassius Dio, Fulvia controlled the politics of Rome. Dio wrote that "the following year Publius Servilius and Lucius Antonius nominally became consuls, but in reality it was Antonius and Fulvia. She, the mother-in‑law of Octavian and wife of Antony, had no respect for Lepidus because of his slothfulness, and managed affairs herself, so that neither the senate nor the people transacted any business contrary to her pleasure."
Shortly afterwards, the triumvirs then distributed the provinces among them. Lepidus took the west and Antony went to Egypt, where he met Cleopatra VII. When Octavian returned to Rome in 41 BC to disperse land to Caesar's veterans, he divorced Fulvia's daughter and accused Fulvia of aiming at supreme power. Fulvia allied with her brother-in-law Lucius Antonius and publicly endorsed Mark Antony in opposition to Octavian.
In 41 BC, tensions between Octavian and Fulvia escalated to war in Italy. Together with Lucius Antonius, she raised eight legions in Italy to fight for Antony's rights against Octavian, an event known as the Perusine War. Fulvia fled to Greece with her children. Appian writes that she met Antony in Athens, and he was upset with her involvement in the war. Antony then sailed back to Rome to deal with Octavian, and Fulvia died of an unknown illness in exile in Sicyon, near Corinth, Achaea.Blindado
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1ai Augustus27 BC-14 AD
Denarius
Laureate head left, AVGVSTVS DIVI F
Apollo stg. Right, IMP XII
Van Meter notes that after about 15 BC, Augustus moved the production of gold and silver to Lugdunum and underscored the end of the moneyer issues by using "IMP" on the reverse.
RIC 180
Suetonius summarized Augusts' life in these words: He lost his father at the age of five (58BC). At twelve he delivered a funeral oration in honour of his grandmother Julia, Julius Caesar’s sister (51BC). At sixteen, having assumed the toga, he was decorated by Caesar during the African triumph (46BC) even though he had been too young to fight. When Caesar went to conquer Pompey’s sons in Spain (in 46BC), Augustus followed, despite still being weak from severe illness, and despite being shipwrecked on the way, with a minimal escort, over roads menaced by the enemy, so endearing himself greatly to Caesar, who quickly formed a high opinion of Augustus’ character, beyond merely his energetic pursuit of the journey.
After recovering the Spanish provinces, Caesar planned an expedition against the Dacians, to be followed by an attack on Parthia, and sent Augustus ahead (in 45BC) to Apollonia in Illyria, where he spent his time studying. When news came of Caesar’s assassination (in 44BC), and that the will named him as the main heir, Augustus considered seeking protection from the legions quartered there. However he decided it would be rash and premature, and chose to return to Rome, and enter on his inheritance, despite the doubts expressed by his mother, and strong opposition from his stepfather, the ex-consul Marcius Philippus.
Augustus went on to levy armies and rule the State; firstly for a twelve-year period (from 43BC to 30BC), initially with Mark Antony and Lepidus and then (from 33BC) with Antony alone; and later by himself for a further forty-four years (to his death in AD14).
In his youth he was betrothed to Servilia, the daughter of Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus, but on his reconciliation with Mark Antony following their first dispute, the troops begged them to become allied by some tie of kinship, and he married (in 43BC) Claudia, Antony’s stepdaughter, born to Fulvia and Publius Clodius Pulcher, even though Claudia was barely of marriageable age. However he quarrelled with Fulvia, and divorced Claudia before the marriage had been consummated.
Not long afterwards (in 40BC), he married Scribonia, whose previous husbands had been ex-consuls, and to one of whom she had borne a child. He divorced her also ‘tired’, he wrote, ‘of her shrewish ways,’ and immediately took Livia Drusilla from her husband Tiberius Nero though she was pregnant at the time (38BC), loving and esteeming her alone to the end.Blindado
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200/2. Pinaria - as (155 BC)AE As (Rome, 155 BC)
O/ Laureate head of Janus; I above.
R/ Prow right; NAT above; I before; ROMA below.
26.59g; 33mm
Crawford 200/2 (13 specimens in Paris)
* Pinarius Natta:
This moneyer came from the old patrician gens Pinaria (Cicero, De Divinatione, ii. 21). Despite its ancestry, this gens produced very few noteworthy members, although some of them are recorded until the empire.
The cognomen Natta is old; the first known Pinarius to bear it was Lucius Pinarius Natta, Magister Equitum in 363, and Praetor in 349 BC. Then, nobody else of that name is recorded until our moneyer, and his probable brother (RRC 208, 150 BC), who are both completely unknown apart from their coins. Finally, the last Natta of the Republic was a Pontifex in 56, brother-in-law to Clodius Pulcher, the famous Tribune (Cicero, Pro Domo, 118). It seems that the Nattae had lost their political influence early, but retained some religious duties until the end of the Republic, as Cicero says that they learnt "their sacred ceremonies from Hercules himself" (Pro Domo, 134).
The Pinarii indeed claimed to descend from a mythical Pinarius, who had welcomed Hercules with a banquet when he came to Latium (Livy, i. 7). This myth was so deeply stuck in the Roman mythology that it was still used by Caracalla on an unique aureus (leu 93, lot 68).Joss
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201 - AELIA FLACILLAAelia Flavia Flaccilla was a Roman empress, first wife of the Roman Emperor Theodosius I, and mother of Aelia Pulcheria and the future emperors Arcadius and Honorius.
for obverse, reverse and coin details click hereshanxi
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379/1. Procilia - denarius (80 BC)AR Denarius (Rome, 80 BC)
O/ Laureate head of Jupiter right; S C downwards behind.
R/ Juno Sospita standing right, holding shield and hurling spear; snake before; L PROCILI/F downwards behind.
3.57g
Crawford 379/1 (104 obverse dies/116 reverse dies)
* Lucius Procilius:
The life of Procilius is sparsely known. Besides, he is the only recorded member of the gens Procilia for the Republic and the lack of a cognomen further indicates a humble origin. Dictionaries often record two different Procilius (a historian and a politician), but they were possibly the same person. Since there are 35 years between this denarius and the dated events of Procilius' life, the moneyer could have been the father of the politician and historian.
Regarding Procilius the historian, none of his writings has survived, even as fragments, but he is quoted by Varro about the origin of the Lacus Curtius on the Forum (Latin Language, v. 148), Pliny the Elder on a text related to Pompey (Natural History, viii. 2), and Cicero alludes that he wrote on Greek constitutions (Atticus, ii. 2). The scope of his works must have therefore been quite extensive. In the aforementioned letter, Cicero shows his dislike for Procilius, which is perhaps related to Procilius' political role.
Indeed, in other letters, Cicero mentions that Procilius was also a Tribune of the Plebs in 56, and that he was allied to Gaius Porcius Cato (Cato the Younger's cousin) and Marcus Nonius Sufenas, also Tribunes that year. They supported Publius Clodius Pulcher, Tribune in 59 and Aedile in 56, who -- as Tribune -- had banned Cicero from Rome for his repression of the Catiline Conspiracy, hence the animosity of Cicero towards Procilius. In 56, Pulcher and the three tribunes, including Procilius, prevented the elections from taking place, in order to force an interregnum, so that Crassus and Pompey could be chosen consuls for 55 (Cassius Dio, Roman History, xxxix. 27-33).
They used violence and bribery to prevent this election and were therefore sued. Cato and Sufenas were acquitted, but Procilius was found guilty on 4 July 54 (Cicero, Atticus, iv. 15). Apparently, he was not condemned for the complete illegality of his deeds, but because he had killed a man in his house; and Cicero complains that 22 judges on 49 still wanted to absolve him. In the following letter to Atticus (ii. 16), Cicero adds that there are rumors about Sufenas and his judges, possibly about corruption, but does not give more details.
The use of Juno Sospita refers to the town of Lanuvium, where she was worshiped, probably the hometown of Procilius.
Joss
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421/1. Nonia - denarius (59 BC)AR Denarius (Rome, 59 BC)
O/ Head of Saturn right, head of a harpoon and conical stone behind; S C upwards behind; SVFENAS downwards before.
R/ Roma seated left on a pile of trophies, holding sceptre and sword, crowned by Victory standing behind; PR L V P F around; SEX NONI in exergue.
3.90g; 19mm
Crawford 421/1 (56 obverse dies/62 reverse dies)
- Collection of Walter Friedrich Stoecklin, Amriswil, Switzerland, before 1975. W. F. Stoecklin was the second member of a dynasty of coin collectors based in Switzerland.
- Obolos 9, lot 77.
* Marcus Nonius Sex.f. Sufenas:
Sufenas belonged to the plebeian gens Nonia, a relatively new gens at this time. He was the son of son of Sextus Nonius Sufenas, who had played a crucial part in 86 BC by leading the defection to Sulla among Fimbria's troops during the Civil War. Sulla then rewarded him with a praetorship in 81 BC. In turn, Sextus organised the first Victory games celebrating his patron (the Ludi Victoriae Sullanae), as explained on the reverse (Sextus Nonius praetor ludos Victoriae primus fecit).
Marcus Sufenas' career relied on the patronage of Pompey, whom he devotedly served. In 56 he was Tribune of the Plebs, and with the famous Publius Clodius Pulcher, Gaius Porcius Cato, and Lucius Procilius, they sabotaged the consular elections in order to force the choice of Pompey and Crassus as Consuls for 55 (Cassius Dio, Roman History, xxxix. 27-33). Pompey then used his influence to acquit Sufenas (Cicero, Atticus, iv. 15).
Since he was governor of Macedonia or Cyrenaica in 51 (Cicero, Atticus, vi. 1 & viii. 15), Broughton conjectured that he had been Praetor in 52. He was still in his province by 49, so he probably helped Pompey after his flight from Italy. Plutarch mentions him just before the Battle of Pharsalus (Life of Cicero, 38). As he disappears from ancient sources after this, he might have died during the battle.Joss
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47-46 BC Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius ScipioQ METEL SCIPIO IMP
head of Africa right, laur. and clad in elephant's skin, corn-ear before, plough below
EPPIVS LEG F C
Naked Hercules standing facing right, hand on hip resting on club set on rock
North Africa
47-46 BC
Sear 1380/1
Born Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica. He was adopted by his uncle by marriage and father's second cousin Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius. He married Aemilia Lepida, daughter of Mamercus Aemilius Lepidus Livianus (son of the Censor Marcus Livius Drusus and wife Cornelia Scipio and adopted by Mamercus Aemilius Lepidus) and wife Claudia (sister of Appius Claudius Pulcher (Senior)), and was the father in law of Pompey the Great, married to his daughter Cornelia Metella, called Quinta Pompeia for being his fifth wife.
He was Tribune in 59 BC and became Consul with Pompey the Great in 52 BC. During Caesar's civil war, he served the party of Pompey and fought against Caesar and Marcus Antonius. In 49 BC he was sent as Proconsul to Syria and the following year he took part in the Battle of Pharsalus, where he commanded the center of the Republican battleline. After Pharsalus he fled to Africa were he commanded an army with Cato the Younger, losing in the Battle of Thapsus. After the defeat he tried to escape but was cornered by the fleet of Publius Sittius when he wrecked the ship as he tried to escape to the Iberian Peninsula, to continue to fight from there. He committed suicide by stabbing himself so he would not fall at the hands of his enemies.
SOLD to Calgary Coin June 2017Jay GT4
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515a. Aelia FlacillaEmpress, wife of Theodosius the Great, died c. A. D. 385 or 386. Like Theodosius himself, his first wife, Ælia Flaccilla, was of Spanish descent. She may have been the daughter of Claudius Antonius, Prefect of Gaul, who was consul in 382. Her marriage with Theodosius probably took place in the year 376, when his father, the comes Theodosius, fell into disfavour and he himself withdrew to Cauca in Gallæcia, for her eldest son, afterwards Emperor Arcadius, was born towards the end of the following year. In the succeeding years she presented two more children to her husband Honorius (384), who later became emperor, and Pulcheria, who died in early childhood, shortly before her mother. Gregory of Nyssa states expressly that she had three children; consequently the Gratian mentioned by St. Ambrose, together with Pulcheria, was probably not her son. Flaccilla was, like her husband, a zealous supporter of the Nicene Creed and prevented the conference between the emperor and the Arian Eunomius (Sozomen, Hist. eccl., VII, vi). On the throne she was a shining example of Christian virtue and ardent charity. St. Ambrose describes her as "a soul true to God" (Fidelis anima Deo. — "De obitu Theodosii", n. 40, in P. L., XVI, 1462). In his panegyric St. Gregory of Nyssa bestowed the highest praise on her virtuous life and pictured her as the helpmate of the emperor in all good works, an ornament of the empire, a leader of justice, an image of beneficence. He praises her as filled with zeal for the Faith, as a pillar of the Church, as a mother of the indigent. Theodoret in particular exalts her charity and benevolence (Hist. eccles., V, xix, ed. Valesius, III, 192 sq.). He tells us how she personally tended cripples, and quotes a saying of hers: "To distribute money belongs to the imperial dignity, but I offer up for the imperial dignity itself personal service to the Giver." Her humility also attracts a special meed of praise from the church historian. Flaccilla was buried in Constantinople, St. Gregory of Nyssa delivering her funeral oration. She is venerated in the Greek Church as a saint, and her feast is kept on 14 September. The Bollandists (Acta SS., Sept., IV, 142) are of the opinion that she is not regarded as a saint but only as venerable, but her name stands in the Greek Menæa and Synaxaria followed by words of eulogy, as is the case with the other saints
Wife of Theodosius. The reverse of the coin is very interesting; a nice bit of Pagan-Christian syncretism with winged victory inscribing a chi-rho on a shield. ecoli
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602. Theodosius IIFlavius Theodosius II (April, 401 - July 28, 450 ). The eldest son of Eudoxia and Arcadius who at the age of 7 became the Roman Emperor of the East.
He was heavily influenced by his eldest sister Pulcheria who pushed him towards Eastern Christianity. Pulcheria was the primary driving power behind the emperor and many of her views became official policy. These included her anti-Semitic view which resulted in the destruction of synagogues.
On the death of his father Arcadius in 408, he became Emperor. In June 421 Theodosius married the poet Aelia Eudocia. They had a daughter, Licinia Eudoxia, whose marriage with the Western Roman Emperor Valentinian III marked the re-unification of the two halves of the Empire, even if for a short time. Theodosius created the University of Constantinople, and died in 450 as the result of a riding accident.
Bronze AE4, S 4297, VG, .96g, 12.3mm, 0o, uncertain mint, 408-450 A.D.; obverse D N THEODOSIVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right; reverse no legend, cross in wreath, obscure mintmark in exergue; ex Forumecoli
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603. MarcianMarcian was born in Thrace or Illyria. He spent his early life as an obscure soldier. He subsequently served for nineteen years under Ardaburius and Aspar, and took part in the wars against the Persians and Vandals. In 431, Marcian was taken prisoner by the Vandals in the fighting near Hippo Regius; brought before the Vandal king Geiseric, he was released on his oath never to take up arms against the Vandals.
Through the influence of these generals he became a captain of the guards, and was later raised to the rank of tribune and senator. On the death of Theodosius II he was chosen as consort by the latter's sister and successor, Pulcheria, and called upon to govern an empire greatly humbled and impoverished by the ravages of the Huns.
Upon becoming Emperor, Marcian repudiated the embarrassing payments of tribute to Attila the Hun, which the latter had been accustomed to receiving from Theodosius in order to refrain from attacks on the eastern empire. Aware that he could never capture the eastern capital of Constantinople, Attila turned to the west and waged his famous campaigns in Gaul 451 and Italy (452) while leaving Marcian's dominions alone.
He reformed the finances, checked extravagance, and repopulated the devastated districts. He repelled attacks upon Syria and Egypt (452), and quelled disturbances on the Armenian frontier (456). The other notable event of his reign is the Council of Chalcedon (451), in which Marcian endeavoured to mediate between the rival schools of theology.
Marcian generally ignored the affairs of the western Roman Empire, leaving that tottering half of the empire to its fate. He did nothing to aid the west during Attila's campaigns, and, living up to his promise, ignored the depredations of Geiseric even when the Vandals sacked Rome in 455. It has recently been argued, however, that Marcian was more actively involved in aiding the western Empire than historians had previously believed and that Marcian's fingerprints can be discerned in the events leading up to, and including, Attila's death. (See Michael A. Babcock, "The Night Attila Died: Solving the Murder of Attila the Hun," Berkley Books, 2005.)
Shortly before Attila's death in 453, conflict had begun again between him and Marcian. However, the powerful Hun king died before all-out war broke out. In a dream, Marcian claimed he saw Attila's bow broken before him, and a few days later, he got word that his great enemy was dead.
Marcian died in 457 of disease, possibly gangrene contracted during a long religious journey.
Despite his short reign and his writing off of the west Marcian is considered one of the best of the early "Byzantine" emperors. The Eastern Orthodox Church recognizes him and his wife Pulcheria as saints, with their feast day on February 17.
Marcian AE4.9mm (1.30 grams) D N MARCIANVS P F AV, diademed & draped bust right / Monogram of Marcian inside wreath, * aboveecoli
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Aelia Pulcheria, sister of Theodosius II. Augusta, 414-453 CE.Æ 4 (14 mm, 0.82 gm). Constantinople mint, 414-423 CE.
Obv: AEL PVLCH-ERIA AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right, wearing necklace and earring.
Rev: SALVS REIPVBLICAE, Victory seated r., inscribing Christogram on shield set on cippus; CON? in exergue.
Sear 4309; Goodacre 9; Tolstoi 43; LRBC 2226.
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Ap. Claudius Pulcher, T. Mallius, Q. Urbinus?; DenariusRRC. 299/1a
110 or 111 b.c.
The full regend reads AP CL MAL Q VR
Q VC also reading "Questor Urbanis" by Mommsen, Albert; That reading dismissed by Crawford
Ex Gorny & Mosch, Auction 247, lot 274; Ex Baranowsky, November 2000Norbert
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Ap. Claudius Pulcher, T. Maloleius, Q. Urbinius denarius. 111-110 B.CHelmeted head of Roma right, ?device behind.
Victory in triga right.
ex. AP CL T MA Q VR
Mallia 2, Claudia 3, Cr299/1b, Syd 570awhitetd49
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Appius Claudius PulcherAppius Claudius Pulcher, T Manlius Mancius and Q. Urbinius, With Victory in Triga. (I can see a faint T and M under the legs of the lettering APCLTMANLQVR) 110 BC.
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Appius Claudius Pulcher, T. Mallius Mancinus, and Q. UrbinusAR Denarius 111-110 BC
Helmeted head of Roma right, circle in square behind.
Victory in triga right. T.MAL.AP.CL.Q.VR in exergue.
Cr. 299/1b. Syd. 570 a.Sergius Silus
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Appius Claudius Pulcher, T. Manlius Mancinus and Q. Urbinius denariusSilver denarius, SRCV I 176, RSC I Mallia 2, BMC 1293, Sydenham 570a, Crawford 299/1b, VF, dark toning, Rome mint, obverse head of Rome right, circle in square behind; reverse Victory in triga, T MAL AP CL Q VR in exergue.Philoromaos
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Appius Claudius Pulcher, T. Manlius Mancinus and Q. Urbinus. Denarius.RRC 299/1
111-110 BC. AR
Doublette - available for sale or trade
Bought from B.P. Murphy, vcoins 24.06.2006
Described as:
Appius Claudius Pulcher, T. Manlius Mancinus and Q. Urbinus. 111-110 BC. AR Denarius - 19mm (3.88 g). Helmeted head of Roma right; circle behind / Victory in triga right. Crawford 299/1a; Sydenham 570; Claudia 2. Near EF, lightly toned, light graffiti below chin.
Norbert
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Appius Claudius Pulcher, T. Manlius Mancinus and Q. Urbinus. 111-110 BCAppius Claudius Pulcher, T. Manlius Mancinus and Q. Urbinus. 111-110 BC. AR Denarius (3.94 gm).
Obverse- Helmeted head of Roma right; circle behind
Reverse- Victory in triga right
Sydenham 570; Claudia 2.b70
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Appius Claudius Pulcher, T. Manlius Mancius, and Q. Urbinius (moneyers, 111-110 BCE) denarius (AR)Obv.: Helemeted head of Roma right Rev.: Victory in triga right, one horse looking back Exergue: T . MA . AP . CL . Q . VR Diameter: 18,25 mm Weight: 3,85 g Crawford 211/1a
Bigas, trigas and quadrigas are a common sight on the reverse of Republican denarii.Nick.vdw
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Augustus AE Quadrans. Augustus AE Quadrans. Struck 8 BC. Pulcher, Taurus, Regulus, moneyers. Lituus & simpulum / III VIR A A A F F around large S•C.Britanikus
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Billion denier Aimery de Lusignan 1197-1205 CE and later to 1220.Obverse: Cross pattee, annulet in first and fourth quarters. AMALRICVS REX o
Reverse: + DE IERVSALEM holy Sepulchre
Mint: Jerusalem
Date: 1197-1205 CE
Longuet p. 171, Malloy 40.
16mm, .34g
Most likely minted during the period of the Third Crusade (1190-92) or later up to near 1225 or so. Hoards show that these debased deniers were issued in large numbers, and often recoined. Weights ranged from .20 to .70 grams and up to around 33% silver. The allusion to the previous fortunes of the Kingdom are represented by the Holy Sepulcher which had previously been in Latin Christian hands. wileyc
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C. Claudius Pulcher - AR denariusRome
²108 BC / ¹110/109 BC
head of Roma right wearing winged helmet
Victory in biga right holding reins in both hands
C·PVLCHER
¹Crawford 300/1, SRCV I 177, RSC I Claudia 1, Sydenham 569
²Mark Passehl - Roman moneyer & coin type chronology, 150 – 50 BC
4,1g 17mm
ex Gorny & MoschJ. B.
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C. Claudius Pulcher, DenariusRRC 300/1
110/109 bc.c
A late classical victoria in quadriga type.
This one showed me not to trust too much on the picture in the auction catalogue..
The moneyer is assumed to be the consul of 92.
Ex Dr. Busso Peus Nachf. Auktion 404, lot 2491
Described as:
2491. C. Claudius Pulcher. Denar 110/109 v. Chr. Kopf der Roma / Victoria in Quadriga.
Cr. 300, 1 Syd. 569 3.80 g. Sehr schönNorbert
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C.Claudius Pulcher AR Denarius Cr300/1, BigaOBV: Head of Roma r., wearing helmet decorated with circular device
REV: Victory in biga r., holding reins in both hands; in exergue, C. PVLCHER
3.76g, 19mm
Struck at Rome, 110-109 BC
Legatus
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C.PVLCHER - Denarius, RRC 300/1Denomination: Denarius
Era: c. 110-109 BC
Metal: AR
Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma R. Beaded border.
Reverse: Victory in a Biga; C. PVLCHER below. Beaded border
Mint: Rome
Weight: 4.01 gm.
Reference: Crawford 300/1
Provenance: Lucernae, 25-Jan-2010
Comments:
As do many issues of the last two decades of the 2nd century BC, this issue is usually found with very well executed dies in good style. The present coin is no exception. attractively toned coin, slight weakness at Roma’s visor, otherwise, GVF.
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ClaudiaRoman Republic Denarius of C.Claudius Pulcher. 110-109BC. Head of Roma right / Victory in biga right. Syd 569.
Ex. Gorny & Mosch auction 134, 11/10/2004, 2361.
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CLAUDIA 1C. Claudius Pulcher (c. BC 110-109)Rugser
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Claudia 1Claudia 1 (110/9 BC) moneyer C. Claudius Pulcher cos. 92
Denarius
Ob: helmeted head of Roma right (helmet decorated with circular device) border of dots
Rev: Victory in biga, holding reigns in both hands; in exergue C. PVLCHER border of dots
BMCRR I 1288 consul with M. Perperua in 92BC. His ancestor of same name celebrated a double triumph for victory over the Istrians and Ligurians in 177BC
Sydenham 569 cf. CIL I p.200 (106BC)
Crawford 300/1
Ex: CNG electronic auction 151 lot 172 3.77gr. ex: Richard Winokur
18mm, 3.77 g
rennrad12020
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CLAUDIA 2Appiu Claudius Pulcher, T. Manlius mancinus and Q. Urbinius (c. BC 111-110)Rugser
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Claudia 2 Roman Republic A. Claudius Pulcher et al 111-110 BC AR DenariusClaudia 2 Roman Republic A. Claudius Pulcher et al 111-110 BC AR Denarius. Head of Roma/Victory driving triga. Cr. 299/1a. VF.
Size: 17 mm _6602 soldAntonivs Protti
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Cr 299/1b AR DenariusAppius Claudius Pulcher, T. Manlius Mancius (?) & Q. Urbinius (??)
Rome mint, 111-110 BCE
Helmeted head of Roma right; quadrangular device behind
Victory driving triga right, T•MA•AP• CL•Q•VR in ex.
3.94 gm, 17 mm
The text above does not do justice to the complexity of the ligature of the legend. This variety of the type leads off with moneyer "MA", presumed, not without contrary views, to be a Manlius or a Mallius; Crawford settles on Maloleius. I retained the seller's interpretation in the header for consistency.
"AP CL", by this time frame, will be a Claudius.
Crawford also cites but disputes an earlier interpretation that "Q. VR" stood for Quaestor Urbinus, rather than an unknown Urbinus. Puzzling that a Claudius would share honors.
No associated bronze types.
This coin nicely colored.
PMah
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Cr. 489/5, Fulvia, Lion, QuinariusFulvia (83 BC – 40 BC)
Powerful aristocratic woman, wife of Publius Clodius Pulcher (62-52 BC), Gaius Scribonius Curio (52-51 BC) and Marcus Antonius (47-40 BC).
AR Quinarius, Late 43-42 BC
Obv.: Winged bust of Fulvia as Victory
Rev.: [LVGV] DVNI [A] XL, Lion advancing right
Ag, 1.66g, 13.2mm
Ref.: Craw. 489/5, RPC 512, Syd. 1160shanxi
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Crawford 512/2, ROMAN IMPERATORIAL, C. Clodius VestalisRome, Moneyer Issues of the Imperatorial Period.
C. Clodius C.f. Vestalis. 41 BCE
AR Denarius (3.99g; 20mm; 12h).
Rome mint, 41 BCE.
Obverse: C•CLODIVS - C• F•; Draped, laureate bust of Flora, facing right; flower behind.
Reverse: VESTALIS; Veiled female seated to left, extending culullus in right hand.
References: Crawford 512/2; HCRI 317; Sydenham 1135 (R3); BMCRR 4196; Clodia 13
Provenance: Ex Nomisma 65 (17 Jun 2022) Lot 40; Aretusa Auction 1 (18 Sep 1993) Lot 265; De Nicola FPL (Sep 1968) Lot 248.
Flora was the Roman goddess of flowers and springtime, with an association to fertility, and her festival began at Rome circa 240-238 BCE. Crawford prefers the later date, which would eliminate the Flora connection to the moneyer’s kinsman, C. Claudius Cento, consul in 240 BCE; David Sear thinks the 240 BCE date of the festival is correct and that the connection to C. Claudius Cento is the reason for the obverse type. The reverse depiction of a seated Vestal Virgin might be a punning allusion to the moneyer’s cognomen, Vestalis, or it may depict one of the Vestal Virgins who were members of the Claudia gens (Claudia Quinta ca. 200 BCE, or Claudia, daughter of Appius Claudius Pulcher, consul in 143 BCE). Grueber argues that the coin depicts Claudia Quinta who was instrumental in bringing the cult of Cybele to Rome, and from whom the Claudians assumed the cognomen “Vestalis.”Carausius
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crw 300/1 . Roman Republic, C. Claudius Pulcher, 110 - 109 B.C.Roman Republic, C. Claudius Pulcher, 110 - 109 B.C.
Silver denarius . 3.909g, 18.1mm, 0o, Rome mint, 110 - 109 B.C.
Obverse : helmeted head of Roma right
Reverse : helmeted head of Roma right; reverse Victory in biga right, C PVLCHER in ex
SRCV I 177, RSC I Claudia 1, Sydenham 569, Crawford 300/1
Ex ForumVladislav D
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Divus Romulo MausoleumThe ruin of the sepulcher of Divus Romulus (died 209 A.D.), the son of Emperor Maxentius, is situated in a large quadrilateral enclosure forming part of the villa of Maxentius, on the Appian way, about one mile from the gate of S. Sebastian. The building is sometimes erroneously called the stables of the Circus of Caracalla.Joe Sermarini
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Gaius Claudius Pulcher (Pergamon. Stumpf 53)Promagisterial Cistophori. Gaius Claudius Pulcher as Proconsul of Asia. Menodoros, magistrate. AR Cistophoric Tetradrachm. Pergamon 55-53 BC. Serpent emerging from cista mystica; all within wreath / C•PVLCHER•PROCOS. Two serpents entwined by bow case; In the left field, monogram of Pergamon. In the right field, Asclepius' staff. MHNOΔωPOC in exergue. 28mm, 11.94 g. Stumpf 53; Metcalf 169-171 (O10/R-) zadie
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Gaius Claudius Pulcher (Tralles. Stumpf -.)Promagisterial Cistophori. Gaius Claudius Pulcher as Proconsul of Asia. Demostratos, magistrate. AR Cistophoric Tetradrachm. Tralles mint, 55-53 BC. Serpent emerging from cista mystica; all within wreath / C · CLAVDIVS · AP · F · PVLCHER · PROCOS. Two serpents entwined by bow case; In the right field, Isis headdress resting on two grain ears and inverted crescent. TPAΛ to outer left. ΔΗΜΟΣΤΡΑΤΟΣ in exergue. 25 mm, 12.29 g. Stumpf -; Metcalf -. Unpublished. Cf. Metcalf 335 (O7/R34, same obv die)zadie
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Gaius Claudius Pulcher (Tralles. Stumpf 56)Promagisterial Cistophori. Gaius Claudius Pulcher as Proconsul of Asia. Aristokles, magistrate. AR Cistophoric Tetradrachm. Tralles mint, 55-53 BC. Serpent emerging from cista mystica; all within wreath / C. PVLEHR PRO COS. Two serpents entwined by bow case; In the right field, raised hand holding olive branch. TPA to outer left. [AP]ICTOKΛHC in exergue. 24 mm, 12.09 g. Stumpf 56; Metcalf 350 (O11/R49)zadie
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Gens Claudia, denarius (111-110 a.C.)Ap. Claudius Pulcher, T. Manlius Mancinus e Q. Urbiniu, Denario, 111-110 a.C., Roma
Ag, 3.47 gr, 18 mm, MB+
D/ Testa di Roma con elmo attico alato; dietro, un oggetto traingolare con cerchio.
R/ AP CL T MAL (legato) Q VR (legato); una Vittoria su triga; tiene le redini con entrambe le mani.
Crawford 299/1a
Provenienza: collezione Berardengo (Roma, Italia, dal 18 settembre 2018, numero catalogo 393), ex collezione Vanni (Follonica, Tinia numismatica, fino al settembre 2018)
paolo
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Italy- Forum Romanum- The Forum of TrajanThe Forum of Trajan has a more complicated foundation than the other Imperial Forums. The piazza is closed, with the Basilica Ulpia. At the back of this the Trajan column was elevated between the two Libraries, and it was believed that the complex concluded with the Temple dedicated to Divo Trajan. One entered the piazza through a curved arch passageway, a type of arch of triumph, in the center of a convex wall decorated with jutting columns.
An equestrian statue of Trajan occupied the center of the piazza, which was bordered by porticos with decorated attics-similar to the Forum of Augustus but with Caryatids instead of Daci. Spacious covered exedras opened up behind the porticos. The facade of the basilica, that closed the piazza, also had an attic decorated with Daci statues. The inside of the Basilica had 5 naves with columns along the short sides and apses at both ends; the very spacious central nave had two floors.
The Trajan Column was closed in a small courtyard, bordered by porticos opposite of the Library's facade. These were constituted of large rooms with niches in the walls and decorated with two types of columns.
The temple was probably of an enormous dimension and probably closed by a fenced portico. Today's archeological excavations in the Forum of Trajan have demonstrated that the Temple of Trajan's position is not what it was hypothesized to be in the past. Archeological evidence has clarified the findings in the area to be Insulae- remains of houses rather than those from a temple structure. These findings lie underneath what is today the Province headquarters- the palazzo of Valentini, next to the Column's location.
Rather, the temple was probably situated exactly in the middle of the forum area, where excavation is now taking place.
The Forum of Trajan was utilized as a splendid area of representation for public ceremonies. We know, for example, that in 118 A.D. Adriano publicly burned tables with citizen's debts in the piazza, as a statement to the treasury.
Also, in the late epoch, exedras behind the lateral porticos were used to host poetry readings and conferences.
Court hearings and ceremonies for the freedom of slaves were probably held in the apses of the Basilica.
The Library was probably used as a sort of historical archive of the Roman state and also conserved republican annals.
The sculptural decorations in the various Forum spaces transmitted messages of imperial propaganda of Trajan.
Above all was the celebration of the Daci conquest and the victorious army with focus on the achievement of peace. The representation was sculpted into the walls with images of the conquests.
Images of cupids watering griffins on the entrance wall allude again to the peacefulness of the Empire's power.
The expansion and growth of the Empire, completed with the campaign towards the Orient and interrupted by the death of the Emperor, would have allowed Trajan to consider himself the new founder of Rome.
His representation as a hero is justified in his sepulcher in the base of the Column, in the heart of the city.
Forum of Trajan
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107 A.D. - Dacia (Romania) conquered and work begins;
January 15th 112 A.D. – Inauguration of the Forum and the Basilica Ulpia;
May 18th 113 A.D. – Inauguration of the Trajan Column;
117 A.D. – Trajan dies and the arch of triumph is ordered by the Senate;
125-138 A.D. – Probable dedication to the temple on behalf of Adrian.
Complex Area: 300x180 meters
uncovered piazza area: 120x90 meters
Area of the Basilica Ulpia: 180x60 meters
Height of Trajan's Column: 39.81 meters
Peter Wissing
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Italy- Rome- The Mausoleum of Hadrian- Castel St.Angelo
(Hadrian's Mausoleum) -
This building has had a checkered history. Originally a dynastic tomb, it was converted into a fortress, then became a noble dwelling and finally a papal residence; between times it served as a barracks, a prison and a museum.
Hadrian (117-38 AD) built a tomb in Domizia's gardens that was to become the dynastic sepulcher of the Antonines. Work started in 123 but was only completed in 139, after's death. The Pons Aelius (the predecessor of the Ponte Sant'Angelo 239), inaugurated in 134, linked the monument to the Campo Marzio.
The Sepulchral Chamber. The present entrance (which is about 10 feet above the level of the ancient one) leads via a short corridor to a square hall. The semicircular niche hollowed out in the back wall was probably intended to contain a statue of Hadrian. On the right is a spiral ramp leading to the cella (mortuary chamber), the heart of the monument. In this square room, which was originally faced with marble, the funerary urns of Emperor Hadrian and his wife, sabina.
Sant'Angelo was Rome's most important fortified area, anyone who held it had virtually the whole town at his mercy. Consequently, its history reflected the city's turbulent internal conflicts. Between the 10th and 11th centuries it passed into the hands of the most powerful noble families before suffering a massive attack by the Roman people, who made up their minds to demolish it in 1379.
Fortifications and Modifications. Under Nicholas III the castle became papal property. Most of the alterations to the building carried out between the pontificates of Nicholas V (1447-55) and Urban VII (1623-44) had a military purpose. Access to the subterranean galleries was blocked, two towers were built at the entrance and four bastions at the corners, a moat was dug, pentagonal ramparts were erected with five small forts (today no longer standing) and, finally the Corridoio or Passetto, the fortified passageway linking St Peter's to the castle, was strengthenedPeter Wissing
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Jesus Rises from the Sepulcher!
Obv: XPS RES - VRESIT The haloed Christ, with a banner in the d., Rises from the sepulcher.
Rev: Andrea Dandolo doge LIV AN DADVL ’- S M VENE S. Marco hailed by himself, standing three quarters, receives a wax from the doge, in profile, a d. Above the wax, around, DVX and, below, P (Pietro Contarini or Pietro Manin massari) 1342-1354 AD
17 mm, 0.72gDaniel J
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Mallia 2Mallia 2 (111/110BC) moneyers: T. Manlius Mancinus (sic Crawford) Tr. Pl. 107BC
Ap. Claudius Pulcher, praetor 89, cos. 79 and Q. Urbinius father of Q. Urbinius
quaestor 74(?)
Denarius
Ob: Helmeted head of Roma, behind quadrangular device, border of dots
Rev: Victory in Triga right, in exergue T ∙ MAL(monogram) P ∙ CL ∙ Q V[R
BMCRR I 1293
Sydenham 570 (106BC) T. Mallius
Crawford 299/1b
Northumberland Tablet X 10:
“(the triga on reverse)… a curious device, inasmuch, except with the three monetal triumvirs here named, the triga is found only on the denaries of the Naevia family. Adverting to this inscription, Eckhel remarks- “ Hitherto all have read the colligated letters Mal as MANL; but there is no trace of an N. Vaillant says that Manlius was sometimes called Mallius; however that be, we know from the Fasti, and from Gruter, that there actually was a Mallian race.” He might have added that Cn. Mallius Maximus- though apparently a worthless man- had the honor of being consul in the year B.C. 105: and that a C. Mallius was one of Catiline’s conspirators.”
Crawford: There is some controversy over who the monogram indicates: T. Mallius or T. Maloleius.
This coin has beautiful iridescent toning. It does have three deep old scratches on obverse, but is a very handsome coin nonetheless. 16 mm, 3.97 g, 11 hrennrad12020
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RGT, Pulcheria, AD 414-453Gold tremissis, 14.12mm, 1.5g, EF
Struck c. 450-453 at Constantinople
AEL PVLCH-ERIA AVC, pearl-diademed and draped bust right with necklace and earrings, hair elaborately weaved / Cross within wreath, CONOB* in exergue. COA
Ex: Beast Coins
RIC Marcian 521 (wreath-tie 14); Sear 4306Lawrence W
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ROMAN EMPIRE, Pulcheria, AV Tremissis, Constantinople.Obv: AEL PVLCHERIA AVG. Diademed and draped bust right.
Rev: No legend. Cross in wreath; in exergue, CONOB*.
RIC X: 214
Pulcheria was the daughter of Arcadius and Eudoxia and the elder sister of Theodosius II. Although she was only 15 she assumed the regency on behalf of her brother and was made Augusta in A.D.414. Even after Theodosius attained his majority, Pulcheria remained in control of the government, maintaining that supremacy throughout most of her brother's long reign. And when Theodosius II died in A.D.450, it was she who selected the senator Marcian as his successor. When Pulcheria died in A.D.453 she left all her possessions to the poor.
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ROMAN REPUBLIC, APPIUS CLAUDIUS PULCHER, T. MANLIUS MANCINUS y Q. URBINIUS (111 - 110 a.C.)AR Denarius Ø:17mm p:3,8gr
Anv: Busto de Minerva o Palas (como Roma) con yelmo alado viendo a derecha, detrás un signo desconocido.
Rev: Victoria llevando con ambas manos las riendas de una triga que cabalga a derecha . Uno de los caballos mira hacia atrás.
Una de las dos ocasiones en que se acuña una triga ( Carruaje de guerra griego tirado por tres caballos) en las monedas romanas. "AP•CL•T•MANL•Q•VR" (MANL y VR en ligadura) en Exergo.
Acuñada: 111 - 110 aC.
Ceca: Roma
Referencias: Sear RCTV Vol.1 #176 Pag.106 - Craw RRC #299/1a - Syd CRR #570 - BMCRR #1290 - RSC Vol.1 Claudia 2 Pag.31
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ROMAN REPUBLIC, C Claudius Pulcher, Denarius, 110-109 BCObv: Anepigraphic
Helmeted head of Roma
Rev: C PVLCHER
Victory in biga, right.
3.3 gm, 19 mm, Mint: Rome, S 177, RSC 1.
Comment: Gens Claudia. Reverse refers to an ancestor's B.C. 177 victory over the Ligurian and Istrian tribes in southern Gaul.
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ROMAN REPUBLIC, Pulcher Mallius Urbinius - Victory in triga - 111BC - AR Denarius3.91g - 18mm - s.176var
There are 4 moneyers, "Q VR" - each seperated by a point. _T.ML.AP.CL
One of 2 of this type in this gallery but this coin has a different arrangement of moneyer's names than on the other coin.
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ROMAN REPUBLIC, Pulcher Mallius Urbinius - Victory in triga - 111BC - AR Denarius3.72g - 18mm - s.176
One of 2 of this type in this collection.
There are 4 moneyers, "Q VR" - each seperated by a point. AP.CL.T.MAL.QVR
One of 2 of this type in this gallery but this coin has a different arrangement of moneyer's names than on the other coin.
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SOLD! Ap Claudius Pulcher, T Manlius and Q UrbiniusHead of Roma right quadrangular device containing circle behind
Rev. Victory in triga right
AP CL T MAL Q VR
MAL and VR in monogram)
Sear 176, Crawford 299/1a.
Rome 11/110 BC
3.89g
This coin depicts the rare three horse chariot the triga. The only other example being on a serrated denarii of C. Naevius Balbus in the time of Sulla
Sold to ANE April 2022Jay GT4
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T. Mallius (or Maloleius), Ap. Claudius Pulcher, and Q. UrbiniusT. Mallius (or Maloleius), Ap. Claudius Pulcher, and Q. Urbinius. Ca. 111–110 BC. AR denarius . Rome.
Head of Roma right, wearing winged helmet with griffin crest, ring behind /
Victory in triga right, AP.CL.T.MAL.Q.VR (MAN and VP in monogram) in exergue. Crawford 299/1a. Sydenham 570a. RSC Mallia 2.
Tanit
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T. Manilus Macinus, Appius Cludius Putcher & Q. Urbinus - Claudia-2Appius Claudius Pulcher, T Manlius Mancinus & Q Urbinus AR Denarius (3.84 gm., 18 mm). 111-110 BC. Helmeted head of Roma right, square behind / Victory in triga right, one horse looking back, AP CL T MANL Q VR in ex. Crawford 299/1a; Sydenham 570.Bud Stewart
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[1601a] Theodosius I, 19 January 379 - 17 January 395 A.D. Bronze AE 2, RIC 83(b), EF, Constantinople mint, 4.389g, 22.1mm, 180o, 25 Aug 383 - 28 Aug 388 A.D.; Obverse: D N THEODO-SIVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right; Reverse: VIRTVS E-XERCITI, Emperor standing right holding standard and globe, foot on captive, cross in left field, CONSA in exergue. Ex FORVM.
De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families
THEODOSIUS I (379-395 A.D.)
David Woods
University College of Cork
Origin and Early Career
Flavius Theodosius was born at Cauca in Spain in about 346 to Thermantia and Theodosius the Elder (so-called to distinguish him from his son). Theodosius the Elder was a senior military officer serving in the Western empire and rose to become the magister equitum praesentalis under the emperor Valentinian I from late 368 until his execution in early 375. As the son of a soldier, Theodosius was legally obliged to enter upon a military career. He seems to have served under his father during his expedition to Britain in 367/8, and was the dux Moesiae Primae by late 374. Unfortunately, great controversy surrounds the rest of his career until Gratian had him hailed as his imperial colleague in succession to the emperor Valens at Sirmium on 19 January 379. It is clear that he was forced to retire home to Spain only to be recalled to active service shortly thereafter, but the circumstances of his forced retirement are shrouded in mystery. His father was executed at roughly the same time, and much speculation has centred on the relationship between these events.
[For a very detailed and interesting discussion of the Foreign Policy of Theodosius and the Civil Wars that plagued his reign, please see http://www.roman-emperors.org/theo1.htm]
Family and Succession
Theodosius married twice. His first wife was the Spanish Aelia Flavia Flaccilla. She bore him Arcadius ca. 377, Honorius on 9 September 384, and Pulcheria ca. 385. Theodosius honoured her with the title of Augusta shortly after his accession, but she died in 386. In late 387 he married Galla, daughter of Valentinian I and full-sister of Valentinian II. She bore him Gratian ca. 388, Galla Placidia ca. 388/390, and died in childbirth in 394, together with her new-born son John. Of his two sons who survived infancy, he appointed Arcadius as Augustus on 19 January 383 and Honorius as Augustus on 23 January 393. His promotion of Arcadius as a full Augustus at an unusually young age points to his determination right from the start that one of his own sons should succeed him. He sought to strengthen Arcadius' position in particular by means of a series of strategic marriages whose purpose was to tie his leading "generals" irrevocably to his dynasty. Hence he married his niece and adoptive daughter Serena to his magister militum per Orientem Stilicho in 387, her elder sister Thermantia to a "general" whose name has not been preserved, and ca. 387 his nephew-in-law Nebridius to Salvina, daughter of the comes Africae Gildo. By the time of his death by illness on 17 January 395, Theodosius had promoted Stilicho from his position as one of the two comites domesticorum under his own eastern administration to that of magister peditum praesentalis in a western administration, in an entirely traditional manner, under his younger son Honorius. Although Stilicho managed to increase the power of the magister peditum praesentalis to the disadvantage of his colleague the magister equitum praesentalis and claimed that Theodosius had appointed him as guardian for both his sons, this tells us more about his cunning and ambition than it does about Theodosius' constitutional arrangements.
Theodosius' importance rests on the fact that he founded a dynasty which continued in power until the death of his grandson Theodosius II in 450. This ensured a continuity of policy which saw the emergence of Nicene Christianity as the orthodox belief of the vast majority of Christians throughout the middle ages. It also ensured the essential destruction of paganism and the emergence of Christianity as the religion of the state, even if the individual steps in this process can be difficult to identify. On the negative side, however, he allowed his dynastic interests and ambitions to lead him into two unnecessary and bloody civil wars which severely weakened the empire's ability to defend itself in the face of continued barbarian pressure upon its frontiers. In this manner, he put the interests of his family before those of the wider Roman population and was responsible, in many ways, for the phenomenon to which we now refer as the fall of the western Roman empire.
Copyright (C) 1998, David Woods.
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.
There is a nice segue here, as we pick-up John Julius Norwich's summation of the reign of Theodosius, "Readers of this brief account of his career may well find themselves wondering, not so much whether he deserved the title of 'the Great' as how he ever came to acquire it in the first place. If so, however, they may also like to ask themselves another question: what would have been the fate of the Empire if, at that critical moment in its history after the battle of Adrianople, young Gratian had not called him from his Spanish estates and put the future of the East into his hands? . . . the probability is that the whole Empire of the East would have been lost, swallowed up in a revived Gothic kingdom, with effects on world history that defy speculation.
In his civil legislation he showed, again and again, a consideration for the humblest of his subjects that was rare indeed among rulers of the fourth century. What other prince would have decreed that any criminal, sentenced to execution, imprisonment or exile, must first be allowed thirty days' grace to put his affairs in order? Or that a specified part of his worldly goods must go to his children, upon whom their father's crimes must on no account be visited? Or that no farmer should be obliged to sell his produce to the State at a price lower than he would receive on the open market?
Had he earned his title? Not, perhaps, in the way that Constantine had done or as Justinian was to do. But, if not ultimately great himself, he had surely come very close to greatness; and had he reigned as long as they did his achievements might well have equalled theirs. He might even have saved the Western Empire. One thing only is certain: it would be nearly a century and a half before the Romans would look upon his like again" (Norwich, John Julius. Byzantium, the Early Centuries. London: Penguin Group, 1990. 116-7;118).
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.Cleisthenes
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