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Image search results - "Numerian"

NVMERIANVS - Silvered AE Antoninianus - Lugdunum mint, 283/284 AD
Obv.: IMP C NVMERIANVS AVG, radiate cuirassed bust right
Rev.: PAX AVGG, Pax standing left holding branch & scepter, B to left.
Gs. 5,1 mm. 22,8
Cohen 43, RIC 393

Maxentius

1 comments

8Numerian
282-283
AE 42 mm
Rome Mint1 commentsmauseus

9 NumerianNUMERIAN
Silvered Antoninianus, Lyons Mint
IMP CM AVR NVMERIANVS AVG, Radiate bust r. / MARS VICTOR, Mars walking right, holding spear and trophy, retrograde C in r. field.
Lyons RIC V-2, 386, gVF fully silvered
Would clean up beautifully if I had the courage!Sosius

9 NumerianNUMERIAN
Antoninianus, Rome Mint
IMP NVMERIANVS AVG, Radiate cuirassed bust r. / VNDIQVE VICTORES, Numerian standing left holding globe and sceptre, KA gamma in ex.
RIC V-2, 423. Fine.Sosius

9 NumerianNUMERIAN
Silvered Antoninianus, Rome Mint, 284 AD
DIVO NVMERIANO, Radiate bust r. / CONSECRATIO, Altar with flame, KA crescent A in ex.
RIC V-II Rome 426Sosius

CARUS. Posthumous commemorative AE Tetradrachm struck AD 283 - 284 under Carinus and Numerian at AlexandriaObverse: ΘEW KAPW CEB. Laureate head of Carus facing right.
Reverse: AΦIEPOCIC. Eagle standing facing on rod, head right, wings open.
Diameter: 19mm | Weight: 7.96gms | Die Axis: 12
GICV : 4776

This coin is an undated posthumous type bearing the legend AΦIEPOCIC, one of the most interesting features of the Alexandrian coinage of Marcus Aurelius Carus.
*Alex

CARUS. Posthumous commemorative AE Tetradrachm struck AD 283 - 284 under Carinus and Numerian at AlexandriaObverse: ΘEW KAPW CEB. Laureate head of Carus facing right.
Reverse: AΦIEPOCIC. Round, burning and garlanded altar on base, star in upper left field.
Diameter: 18mm | Weight: 7.1gms | Die Axis: 12
GICV : 4777 | Emmett 3995

This coin is an undated posthumous type bearing the legend AΦIEPOCIC, one of the most interesting features of the Alexandrian coinage of Marcus Aurelius Carus.
*Alex

NUMERIAN as Augustus. Billon Tetradrachm struck AD 284 at AlexandriaObverse: A K M A NOVMEPIANOC CEB. Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Numerian facing right.
Reverse: ETOYC Γ (= regnal year 3 = A.D.284). Eirene standing facing left, raising her right hand and holding transverse sceptre in her left.
Diameter: 19mm | Weight: 8.03gms | Die Axis: 12
Curtis : 1947 | Emmett : 4020 | Milne : 4735 | Dattari : 5609 | Geissen : 3198 | BMC : 2466
EX FORVM*Alex

(0283) NUMERIAN283 - 284 AD
AE SILVERED ANT. 20 mm 4.41 g
O: IMP C AVR NVMERIANVS PF AVG
RAD DR BUST R
R: VIRTVS AVGG
NUMERIAN STANDING R RECEIVING VICTORY ON GLOBE FROM JUPITER L
XXI IN EXE
ANTIOCH
(much silvering intact)
(J.Ryan)

laney

(0283) NUMERIAN283 - 284 AD
Billon Antoninianus 20 mm 3.4 g
O: NVMERIANVS NOB CAES radiated, draped and cuirassed bust right
R: CLEMENTIA TEMP Emperor standing right holding scepter and receiving Victory on a globe from Jupiter standing left holding spear; A between; XXI in exe
Cyzicus mint; RIC V ii 372 p 190; VM-3 p. 264; c: VB1
(ex-Forum)laney

(0283) NUMERIAN283 - 284 AD
Billon tetradrachm 19.3 mm max., 7.732 g
O: A K M A NOVMEPIANOC CEB, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, from behind;
R: Athena seated left on high backed throne, wearing crested helmet, Nike in right, shield leaning against throne, L - B* (year 2) across fields
Alexandria mint; Milne 4719; Curtis 1939; Dattari 5608; BMC Alexandria p. 319, 2464 var. (star)
(ex FORUM)laney

(0283) NUMERIAN, AS CAESAR283-284 AD
Billon Potin Tetradrachm 19.5 mm 7.78g
O: A K M A NOVMEPIANOC K C Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Numerian right
R: Dikaiosyne standing left, holding scales and cornucopiae; L-A (Year 1) in upper left field.
ALEXANDRIA, ROMAN EGYPT
Reference: Dattari 5600, Emmett 4015
laney

011 - Numerian (as Caesar 282-283 AD), Antoninianus - RIC 378Obv: IMP C M AVR NVMERIANVS NOB C, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Rev: VIRTVS AVGGG, Numerian standing right, recieving Victory from Jupiter, standing left
Minted in Antioch (B in field, * above, XXI in exe), officina 2, 282-283 AD.pierre_p77

012 - Numerian (283-284 AD), Antoninianus - RIC 466Obv: IMP C M NVMERIANVS P F AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Rev: VIRTVS AVGG, Numerian standing right, recieving Victory on globe from Mars, standing left, holding long spear.
Minted in Antioch (gamma in field, XXI in exe), officina 3, 283-284 AD.1 commentspierre_p77

013 - Numerian (283-284 AD), Antoninianus - RIC 463Obv: IMP C NVMERIANVS P F AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Rev: CLEMENTIA TEMP, Numerian standing right, recieving Victory on globe from Jupiter, standing left, holding sceptre.
Minted in Cyzicus (gamma in field, XXI in exe), officina 3, 283-284 AD.pierre_p77

021 - Carus (282-283 AD), Antoninianus - RIC 125Obv: IMP C M AVR CARVS P F AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Rev: VIRTVS AVGGG, emperor standing right, holding parazonium, receiving Victory from person (Jupiter or maybe Carinus or Numerian) standing left, holding sceptre.
Minted in Antioch (* S in field, XXI in exe), officina six.pierre_p77

055 NUMERIAN F9 BUST RRREMPEROR: Numerian
DENOMINATION: Antoninianus
OBVERSE: IMP C NUMERIANVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right, holding spear
REVERSE: MARS VICTOR, C in right field
DATE: early 284 AD
MINT: Lugdunum
WEIGHT: 3.59 g
RIC: V-2,388
BASTIEN: 561 (6 ex.)
NOTE: very rare and sough-after bust typeBarnaba6

069a03. CarusAE Antoninianus. Obv: IMP CM AVR CARVS PF AVG, radiate, draped, cuirassed bust right. Rev: VIRTVS AVGGG, Carus standing right, receiving Victory from Jupiter, Carinus or Numerian, standing left. officina letter A below. Star above. Mintmark XXI. RIC 125, Sear 12190.
A FORUM coin.lawrence c

070a. NumerianCaesar November/December 282 - February/March 283
Co-Augustus with brother Carinus and father Carus February/March 283 - July/August 283
Co-Augustus with brother Carinus July/August 283 - October/November 284

Numerian participated in the Persian campaign with his father, Carus. When Carus was killed, Numerian had to resolve the war and negotiated a peace with the Sasanids. On his return trip to the West, he was found dead in a closed litter. Arrius Aper was accused of the murder by Diocles, the head of the Emperor's bodyguard and was executed. It also has been argued that Diocles was in fact behind the murder. Diocles is better known by the name Diocletian, the future Augustus.lawrence c

070a01. NumerianAE Antoninianus. Rome mint. 283 AD. Obv: M AVR NVMERIANVS C, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right. Rev: PRINCIPI IVVENTVT, prince standing left, holding globe and sceptre. Mintmark KAS. RIC V-2, 365; Sear 12217. A FORUM coin.lawrence c

070a02. Numerian283-284 AD. Antoninianus. Cyzicus mint. Obv: IMP C NVMERIANVS P F AVG, radiate, draped bust right. Rev: CLEMENTIA TEMP, Numerian standing right, receiving Victory on globe from Jupiter, standing left, holding sceptre. Epsilon in lower center. Mintmark XXI. RIC V-2, 463; Sear 12243.lawrence c

070a03. NumerianAntoninianus. Rome mint, 283-284 AD. Obv: IMP NVMERIANVS AVG, radiate, cuirassed bust right. Rev: PIETAS AVGG, Mercury standing left, holding purse and caduceus. Mintmark KAΔ Cohen 57; RIC V-2, 416; Sear 12250.lawrence c

070a04. NumerianAntoninianus. Lyons mint, 284 AD. Obv: IMP C NVMERIANVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right, holding spear. Rev: MARS V-ICTOR, Mars walking right, holding trophy and spear, C to right. Bastien 561; Cohen 22, RIC 388lawrence c

070a05. NumerianBillon antoninianus. 3.156g, 22.1mm, 0o, 2nd officina, Rome mint, c. Feb/Mar - end 283; obverse IMP NVMERIANVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind; reverse IOVI VICTORI (Jove the victorious), Jupiter standing left, Victory in right hand, long scepter vertical in left hand, eagle at feet left, KAB in exergue; from the Errett Bishop Collection. Hunter IV 18; RIC V-2 410; SRCV III 12246. A FORUM coin.lawrence c

070a06. NumerianAs Caesar. Antoninianus. Ticinum mint, 283 AD. Obv: M AVR NVMERIANVS NOB C, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right. Rev: PRINCIP IVVENTVT, prince standing left, holding baton and sceptre. Mintmark KAΔ. RIC 361, Cohen 76lawrence c

071a. CarinusCaesar October 282 – February/March 283
Co-Augustus with Carus and Numerian February/March 283 – July/August 283
Co-Augustus with Numerian July/August 283 – October/November 284
Augustus October/November 284 – Spring 285

Son of Carus. Left in Rome while his father and brother launched the attack on the Sasanids. Carinus led several campaigns in the West. Faced forces of Diocletian at Battle of the Margus. Was killed, purportedly by one of his own officers whose wife he had seduced.
lawrence c

072a. Julian of PannoniaUsurper November 284 - February 285

Julian was governor of Venetia when Numerian was killed. The soldiers in Pannonia raised Julian up to Augustus because of the unpopularity of Carinus. In February 285, the two armies fought near Verona. Julian was killed in the battle.lawrence c

09 - Personalities of the EmpireSaturninus, Carus, Carinus, Urbica, Nigrinianus, Numerianus, Diocletian, Maximian, Carausius, Allectus, Constantius I, Theodora, Galerius and Galeria Valeriamdelvalle

09 - Personalities of the EmpireCarinus, Magnia Urbica, Nigrinianus, Numerianus, Diocletian, Maximian, Carausius, Allectus, Constantius I, Theodora, Galerius, Galeria Valeria, Severus II and Maxentiusmdelvalle

103 Numerian. AE antoninianusobv: IMP CM AVR NVMERIANVS NOB C rad. drp. cuir. bust r.
rev: VIRTVS AVGGG emp. std. r. holding scepter receiving victoryfrom Jupiter or carus std. l.
ex: *S/XXIhill132

114 Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 338F, Lyon, -/C//--, MARS VICTOR, Mars advancing right, #1114 Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 338F, Lyon, -/C//--, MARS VICTOR, Mars advancing right, #1
avers: IMP C NVMERIANVS AVG, Radiate and cuirassed bust right.
reverse: MARS VICTOR, Mars advancing right with spear and trophy.
exergue: -/C//--, diameter: 21,5-22,5mm, weight: 3,97g, axes: 1h,
mint: Lyon, em-6th., date: 284 A.D., ref: RIC V-II 338F, Bastien 544,
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114 Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 362, Rome, -/-//KAΔ, PRINCIPI IVVENT, Numerian standing left,114 Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 362, Rome, -/-//KAΔ, PRINCIPI IVVENT, Numerian standing left,
avers:- M-AVR-NVM(M)ERIA(N)VS-C, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right. LEGEND ERROR !!!.
revers:- PRINCIPI-IVVENT, Numerian standing left, holding wand and scepter.
exerg: -/-//KAΔ, diameter: mm, weight: g, axes: h,
mint: Rome, 7th officinae, date: 283-284 A.D., ref: RIC V-II 362, p-188,
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114 Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 363, Rome, -/-//KAS, PRINCIPI IVVENTVT, Numerian standing left,114 Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 363, Rome, -/-//KAS, PRINCIPI IVVENTVT, Numerian standing left,
avers:- M-AVR-NVMERIANVS-NOB-C, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
revers:- PRINCIPI-IVVENTVT, Numerian standing left, holding Globe and sceptre.
exerg: -/-//KAS, diameter: 21,5mm, weight: 4,06g, axes: 1h,
mint: Rome, 2nd. officinae, date: 282 A.D., ref: RIC V-II 363, p-188,
Q-0011 commentsquadrans

114 Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 366A, Ticinum, -/-//VXXI, PRINCIPI IVVENTVT, Numerian standing left, #1114 Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 366A, Ticinum, -/-//VXXI, PRINCIPI IVVENTVT, Numerian standing left, #1
avers: M AVR NVMERIANVS NOB C, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
reverse: PRINCIPI IVVE NTVT, Numerian standing left, holding wand and scepter.
exergue: -/-//VXXI, diameter: 22,5-24,0mm, weight: 3,96g, axes: 6h,
mint: Ticinum, 2nd. emission, date: 282 A.D., ref: RIC V-II 366A,
Q-0011 commentsquadrans

114 Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 377, Siscia, Γ//XXI, Bust-C, VIRTVS AVG G, Numerian and Carinus,114 Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 377, Siscia, Γ//XXI, Bust-C, VIRTVS AVG G, Numerian and Carinus,
avers: M-AVR-NVMERIANVS-NOB-C, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right. (C)
revers: VIRTVS-A-VG-G, Numerian and Carinus holding Victory on Globe.
exerg: Γ//XXI, diameter: 21-22,5mm, weight: 4,59g, axes: 0h,
mint: Siscia, 2nd-bemiss_3rd. off, date: 282 A.D., ref: RIC V-II 377C, p-,
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114 Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 410C, Rome, -/-//KAB, IOVI VICTORI, Jupiter standing left,114 Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 410C, Rome, -/-//KAB, IOVI VICTORI, Jupiter standing left,
avers:- IMP-NVMERIANVS-AVG, Radiate, draped, cuirassed bust right.
revers:- IOVI-VI-CTORI, Jupiter standing left, holding Victory on globe and scepter; eagle to left.
exerg: -/-//KAB, diameter: mm, weight: g, axes: h,
mint: Rome, 7th officinae, date: 283-284 A.D., ref: RIC V-II 410C, p-195,
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114 Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 410F, Rome, -/-//KAB, IOVI VICTORI, Jupiter standing left,114 Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 410F, Rome, -/-//KAB, IOVI VICTORI, Jupiter standing left,
avers: IMP-NVMERIANVS-AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right.
revers: IOVI-VI-CTORI, Jupiter standing left, holding Victory on globe and scepter; eagle to left.
exerg: -/-//KAB, diameter: 20-21,5mm, weight: 3,61g, axes: 5h,
mint: Rome, 3rd emiss, 7th officinae, date: 283A.D., ref: RIC V-II 410F, p-195,
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114 Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 416, Rome, -/-//KAΔ, PIETAS AVG G, Mercury standing left,114 Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 416, Rome, -/-//KAΔ, PIETAS AVG G, Mercury standing left,
avers:- IMP-NVMERIANVS-AVG, Radiate, draped, cuirassed bust right.
revers:- PIETA-S-AVG-G, Mercury standing left, holding purse and caduceus.
exerg: -/-//KAΔ, diameter: mm, weight: g, axes: h,
mint: Rome, 7th officinae, date: 283-284 A.D., ref: RIC V-II 416, p-196,
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114 Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 423F, Rome, -/-//KAs, VNDIQVE VICTORES, Numerian standing left, 114 Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 423F, Rome, -/-//KAs, VNDIQVE VICTORES, Numerian standing left,
avers:- IMP-NVMERIANVS-AVG, Radiate and cuirassed bust right.
revers:- VNDIQVE VICTORES, Numerian standing left, holding globe and scepter.
exerg: -/-//KAs, diameter: 22,5-25,0mm, weight: 3,21g, axes: 6h,
mint: Rome, 3rd. emission, date: 283 A.D., ref: RIC V-II 423F, p-196,
Q-0012 commentsquadrans

114 Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 423F, Rome, -/-//KAs, VNDIQVE VICTORES, Numerian standing left, #1114 Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 423F, Rome, -/-//KAs, VNDIQVE VICTORES, Numerian standing left, #1
avers: IMP NVMERIANVS AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right, seen from the front, folds of cloak on both shoulders. (F)
reverse: VNDIQVE VICTORES, Numerian standing left, holding globe and scepter, seated captive on either side.
exergue: -/-//KAs, diameter: 22,4-24,4mm, weight: 4,53g, axes: 6h,
mint: Rome, 3rd officinae, date: 283A.D., ref: RIC V-II 423F, p-196,
Q-0011 commentsquadrans

114 Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 423F, Rome, -/-//KAs, VNDIQVE VICTORES, Numerian standing left, #2114 Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 423F, Rome, -/-//KAs, VNDIQVE VICTORES, Numerian standing left, #2
avers: IMP NVMERIANVS AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right, seen from front, folds of cloak on both shoulders. (F)
revers: VNDIQVE VICTORES, Numerian standing left, holding globe and scepter, seated captive on either side.
exerg: -/-//KAs, diameter: 21-22,5mm, weight: 3,75g, axes: 6h,
mint: Rome, 3rd officinae, date: 283A.D., ref: RIC V-II 423F, p-196,
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114 Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 447A, Ticinum, -/-//VIXXI, PROVIDENT AVG G, Annona standing left, #1114 Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 447A, Ticinum, -/-//VIXXI, PROVIDENT AVG G, Annona standing left, #1
avers: IMP NVMERIANVS P F AVG, Radiate and draped bust right.
reverse: PROVIDENT AVG G, Annona standing left holding corn ears, over modius at feet left, and cornucopiae.
exergue: -/-//VIXXI, diameter: 20,0-22,0mm, weight: 3,68g, axes: 6h,
mint: Ticinum, 4th. em., date: 283 A.D., ref: RIC V-II 447A,
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114 Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 447A, Ticinum, -/-//VXXI, PROVIDENT AVG G, Annona standing left, #1114 Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 447A, Ticinum, -/-//VXXI, PROVIDENT AVG G, Annona standing left, #1
avers: IMP NVMERIANVS P F AVG, Radiate and draped bust right.
reverse: PROVIDENT AVG G, Annona standing left holding corn ears, over modius at feet left, and cornucopiae.
exergue: -/-//VXXI, diameter: 20,5-22,3mm, weight: 4,17g, axes: 6h,
mint: Ticinum, 4th. em., date: 283 A.D., ref: RIC V-II 447A,
Q-0011 commentsquadrans

114 Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 460, Siscia, Γ/-//SMSXXI, Bust-C, FIDES EXERCIT AVG G, Fides seated left, Scarce!114 Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 460, Siscia, Γ/-//SMSXXI, Bust-C, FIDES EXERCIT AVG G, Fides seated left, Scarce!
avers:- IMP-C-NVMERIANVS-P-F-AVG, Radiate, draped, cuirassed bust right. (C)
revers:- FIDES-EXERCIT-AVG-G, Fides seated left, holding standard in each hand, another standard behind.
exerg: Γ/-//SMSXXI, diameter: 20,5-21,5mm, weight: 3,90g, axes: 0h,
mint: Siscia, 3rd. off, date: 283 A.D., ref: RIC V-II 460, p-200, C-15, Sear-12245, Scarce!
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114 Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 461, Siscia, -/-//SMSXXIΓ, Bust-A, VOTA PVBLICA, Numerian and Carinus standing, Scarce!114 Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 461, Siscia, -/-//SMSXXIΓ, Bust-A, VOTA PVBLICA, Numerian and Carinus standing, Scarce!
avers:- IMP-C-NVMERIANVS-P-F-AVG, Radiate, draped, bust right, seen from behind. (A)
revers:- VOTA-PVBLICA, Numerian and Carinus standing, facing each other, each sacrificing over altar and holding a standard.
exerg: -/-//SMSXXIΓ, diameter: 22mm, weight: 3,39g, axes: 1h,
mint: Siscia, 6th emission,3rd. off, date: 284 A.D., ref: RIC V-II 461A, p-200, C-122, Scarce!
Q-0011 commentsquadrans

114 Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 467var, Siscia, Γ//XXI, Bust-F, VIRTVS AVG G, Numerian and Carinus,114 Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 467var, Siscia, Γ//XXI, Bust-F, VIRTVS AVG G, Numerian and Carinus,
avers:- IMP C NVMERIANVS P F AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right. (F)
revers:- VIRTVS A VG G, Numerian and Carinus holding Victory on Globe.
exerg: Γ//XXI, diameter: 21-22,5mm, weight: 4,59g, axes: 0h,
mint: Siscia, 3rd. off, date: 283 A.D., ref: RIC V-II 467var (F), p-202, (RIC described this coin in Antioch, and not in F bust!).
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114 Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), Antioch, RIC V-II 378C, AE-Antoninianus, */B//XXI, Bust-C, VIRTVS AVG G G, Numerian and Carus (Jupiter), #1114 Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), Antioch, RIC V-II 378C, AE-Antoninianus, */B//XXI, Bust-C, VIRTVS AVG G G, Numerian and Carus (Jupiter), #1
avers: IMP C M AVR NVMERIANVS NOB C, Radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right. (C)
reverse: VIRTVS AV G G G, Numerian standing right on left, holding scepter and receiving Victory from Carus (Jupiter) to right, holding scepter, Star over the Victory.
exergue: */B//XXI, diameter: 20,0-20,5mm, weight: 3,68g, axes: 6h,
mint: Antioch, 2nd. em., date: 283-284 A.D., ref: RIC V-II 378 (C),
Q-0011 commentsquadrans

114 Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), Antioch, RIC V-II 466C, AE-Antoninianus, A//XXI, Bust-C, VIRTVS AVG G, Numerian and Carinus, #1114 Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), Antioch, RIC V-II 466C, AE-Antoninianus, A//XXI, Bust-C, VIRTVS AVG G, Numerian and Carinus, #1
avers: IMP C M AVR NVMERIANVS P F AVG, Radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right. (C)
reverse: VIRTVS AV G G, Numerian and Carinus holding Victory on Globe.
exergue: A//XXI, diameter: 18,5-20,5mm, weight: 3,52g, axes: 7h,
mint: Antioch, 4th. em., date: 284 A.D., ref: RIC V-II 466 (C), p-202,
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114p Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, Bi-Tetradrachm, Emmett 4015-A, LA/*//--, Dikaiosyne standing left, R2! #1114p Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, Bi-Tetradrachm, Emmett 4015-A, LA/*//--, Dikaiosyne standing left, R2! #1
avers: A K M A NOYMEPIANOC CЄB, Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
reverse: Dikaiosyne standing left, holding scales and cornucopia, star to right, LA (date) to the upper left. (year 1).
exergue: LA/*//--, diameter: 18,5-19,0mm, weight:7,94 g, axes:0h,
mint: Egypt, Alexandria, date: LA year-1, 282-283 A.D.,
ref:
Emmett 4015-A,
Milne 4664,
Geissen 3188,
Dattari 5599-5600,
Kampmann-Ganschow 114.4,
Köln 3188,
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114p Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, Bi-Tetradrachm, Emmett 4018-B, LB//--, Eagle left, between two standards, #1114p Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, Bi-Tetradrachm, Emmett 4018-B, LB//--, Eagle left, between two standards, #1
avers: A K M A NOYMEPIANOC CЄB, Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
reverse: Eagle left, between two standards, head right, his beak wreath, LB above (year 2).
exergue: LB//--, diameter: 19mm, weight:8,55 g, axes:11 h,
mint: Egypt, Alexandria, date: LB year-2, 283-284 A.D.,
ref:
Emmett 4018-B,
Milne 4711,
Geissen 3189,
Dattari 5616,
Kampmann-Ganschow 114.6,
Q-001quadrans

115 Carinus (282-283 A.D. Caesar 283-285 A.D. Augustus), Siscia, RIC V-II 315F, AE-Antoninianus, -/-//SMSXXIB, VOTA PVBLICA, Carinus, and Numerian, #1115 Carinus (282-283 A.D. Caesar 283-285 A.D. Augustus), Siscia, RIC V-II 315F, AE-Antoninianus, -/-//SMSXXIB, VOTA PVBLICA, Carinus, and Numerian, #1
avers: IMP C M AVR CARINVS P F AVG, Radiate and cuirassed bust right (F)
reverse: VOTA PVBLICA, Carinus, and Numerian standing left and right, holding standards, sacrificing over tripod.
exergue: -/-//SMSXXIB, diameter: 20,5-21,5mm, weight: 3,29g, axes: 0h,
mint: Siscia, date: 284 A.D., ref: RIC V-II-315F, p-177,
Q-001quadrans

1301a, Diocletian, 284-305 A.D. (Antioch)DIOCLETIAN (284 – 305 AD) AE Antoninianus, 293-95 AD, RIC V 322, Cohen 34. 20.70 mm/3.1 gm, aVF, Antioch. Obverse: IMP C C VAL DIOCLETIANVS P F AVG, Radiate bust right, draped & cuirassed; Reverse: CONCORDIA MILITVM, Jupiter presents Victory on a globe to Diocletian, I/XXI. Early Diocletian with dusty earthen green patina.

De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families

Diocletian ( 284-305 A.D.)

Ralph W. Mathisen
University of South Carolina

Summary and Introduction
The Emperor Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus (A.D. 284-305) put an end to the disastrous phase of Roman history known as the "Military Anarchy" or the "Imperial Crisis" (235-284). He established an obvious military despotism and was responsible for laying the groundwork for the second phase of the Roman Empire, which is known variously as the "Dominate," the "Tetrarchy," the "Later Roman Empire," or the "Byzantine Empire." His reforms ensured the continuity of the Roman Empire in the east for more than a thousand years.

Diocletian's Early Life and Reign
Diocletian was born ca. 236/237 on the Dalmatian coast, perhaps at Salona. He was of very humble birth, and was originally named Diocles. He would have received little education beyond an elementary literacy and he was apparently deeply imbued with religious piety He had a wife Prisca and a daughter Valeria, both of whom reputedly were Christians. During Diocletian's early life, the Roman empire was in the midst of turmoil. In the early years of the third century, emperors increasingly insecure on their thrones had granted inflationary pay raises to the soldiers. The only meaningful income the soldiers now received was in the form of gold donatives granted by newly acclaimed emperors. Beginning in 235, armies throughout the empire began to set up their generals as rival emperors. The resultant civil wars opened up the empire to invasion in both the north, by the Franks, Alamanni, and Goths, and the east, by the Sassanid Persians. Another reason for the unrest in the army was the great gap between the social background of the common soldiers and the officer corps.

Diocletian sought his fortune in the army. He showed himself to be a shrewd, able, and ambitious individual. He is first attested as "Duke of Moesia" (an area on the banks of the lower Danube River), with responsibility for border defense. He was a prudent and methodical officer, a seeker of victory rather than glory. In 282, the legions of the upper Danube proclaimed the praetorian prefect Carus as emperor. Diocletian found favor under the new emperor, and was promoted to Count of the Domestics, the commander of the cavalry arm of the imperial bodyguard. In 283 he was granted the honor of a consulate.

In 284, in the midst of a campaign against the Persians, Carus was killed, struck by a bolt of lightning which one writer noted might have been forged in a legionary armory. This left the empire in the hands of his two young sons, Numerian in the east and Carinus in the west. Soon thereafter, Numerian died under mysterious circumstances near Nicomedia, and Diocletian was acclaimed emperor in his place. At this time he changed his name from Diocles to Diocletian. In 285 Carinus was killed in a battle near Belgrade, and Diocletian gained control of the entire empire.

Diocletian's Administrative and Military Reforms
As emperor, Diocletian was faced with many problems. His most immediate concerns were to bring the mutinous and increasingly barbarized Roman armies back under control and to make the frontiers once again secure from invasion. His long-term goals were to restore effective government and economic prosperity to the empire. Diocletian concluded that stern measures were necessary if these problems were to be solved. He felt that it was the responsibility of the imperial government to take whatever steps were necessary, no matter how harsh or innovative, to bring the empire back under control.

Diocletian was able to bring the army back under control by making several changes. He subdivided the roughly fifty existing provinces into approximately one hundred. The provinces also were apportioned among twelve "dioceses," each under a "vicar," and later also among four "prefectures," each under a "praetorian prefect." As a result, the imperial bureaucracy became increasingly bloated. He institutionalized the policy of separating civil and military careers. He divided the army itself into so-called "border troops," actually an ineffective citizen militia, and "palace troops," the real field army, which often was led by the emperor in person.

Following the precedent of Aurelian (A.D.270-275), Diocletian transformed the emperorship into an out-and-out oriental monarchy. Access to him became restricted; he now was addressed not as First Citizen (Princeps) or the soldierly general (Imperator), but as Lord and Master (Dominus Noster) . Those in audience were required to prostrate themselves on the ground before him.

Diocletian also concluded that the empire was too large and complex to be ruled by only a single emperor. Therefore, in order to provide an imperial presence throughout the empire, he introduced the "Tetrarchy," or "Rule by Four." In 285, he named his lieutenant Maximianus "Caesar," and assigned him the western half of the empire. This practice began the process which would culminate with the de facto split of the empire in 395. Both Diocletian and Maximianus adopted divine attributes. Diocletian was identified with Jupiter and Maximianus with Hercules. In 286, Diocletian promoted Maximianus to the rank of Augustus, "Senior Emperor," and in 293 he appointed two new Caesars, Constantius (the father of Constantine I ), who was given Gaul and Britain in the west, and Galerius, who was assigned the Balkans in the east.

By instituting his Tetrarchy, Diocletian also hoped to solve another problem. In the Augustan Principate, there had been no constitutional method for choosing new emperors. According to Diocletian's plan, the successor of each Augustus would be the respective Caesar, who then would name a new Caesar. Initially, the Tetrarchy operated smoothly and effectively.

Once the army was under control, Diocletian could turn his attention to other problems. The borders were restored and strengthened. In the early years of his reign, Diocletian and his subordinates were able to defeat foreign enemies such as Alamanni, Sarmatians, Saracens, Franks, and Persians, and to put down rebellions in Britain and Egypt. The easter frontier was actually expanded.

.
Diocletian's Economic Reforms
Another problem was the economy, which was in an especially sorry state. The coinage had become so debased as to be virtually worthless. Diocletian's attempt to reissue good gold and silver coins failed because there simply was not enough gold and silver available to restore confidence in the currency. A "Maximum Price Edict" issued in 301, intended to curb inflation, served only to drive goods onto the black market. Diocletian finally accepted the ruin of the money economy and revised the tax system so that it was based on payments in kind . The soldiers too came to be paid in kind.

In order to assure the long term survival of the empire, Diocletian identified certain occupations which he felt would have to be performed. These were known as the "compulsory services." They included such occupations as soldiers, bakers, members of town councils, and tenant farmers. These functions became hereditary, and those engaging in them were inhibited from changing their careers. The repetitious nature of these laws, however, suggests that they were not widely obeyed. Diocletian also expanded the policy of third-century emperors of restricting the entry of senators into high-ranking governmental posts, especially military ones.

Diocletian attempted to use the state religion as a unifying element. Encouraged by the Caesar Galerius, Diocletian in 303 issued a series of four increasingly harsh decrees designed to compel Christians to take part in the imperial cult, the traditional means by which allegiance was pledged to the empire. This began the so-called "Great Persecution."

Diocletian's Resignation and Death
On 1 May 305, wearied by his twenty years in office, and determined to implement his method for the imperial succession, Diocletian abdicated. He compelled his co-regent Maximianus to do the same. Constantius and Galerius then became the new Augusti, and two new Caesars were selected, Maximinus (305-313) in the east and Severus (305- 307) in the west. Diocletian then retired to his palace at Split on the Croatian coast. In 308 he declined an offer to resume the purple, and the aged ex-emperor died at Split on 3 December 316.

Copyright (C) 1996, Ralph W. Mathisen, University of South Carolina
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.

Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.

1 commentsCleisthenes

1301b, Diocletian, 20 November 284 - 1 March 305 A.D.Diocletian. RIC V Part II Cyzicus 256 var. Not listed with pellet in exegrue
Item ref: RI141f. VF. Minted in Cyzicus (B in centre field, XXI dot in exegrue)Obverse:- IMP CC VAL DIOCLETIANVS AVG, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right. Reverse:- CONCORDIA MILITVM, Diocletian standing right, holding parazonium, receiving Victory from Jupiter standing left with scepter.
A post reform radiate of Diocletian. Ex Maridvnvm.

De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families

Diocletian ( 284-305 A.D.)

Ralph W. Mathisen
University of South Carolina

Summary and Introduction
The Emperor Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus (A.D. 284-305) put an end to the disastrous phase of Roman history known as the "Military Anarchy" or the "Imperial Crisis" (235-284). He established an obvious military despotism and was responsible for laying the groundwork for the second phase of the Roman Empire, which is known variously as the "Dominate," the "Tetrarchy," the "Later Roman Empire," or the "Byzantine Empire." His reforms ensured the continuity of the Roman Empire in the east for more than a thousand years.

Diocletian's Early Life and Reign
Diocletian was born ca. 236/237 on the Dalmatian coast, perhaps at Salona. He was of very humble birth, and was originally named Diocles. He would have received little education beyond an elementary literacy and he was apparently deeply imbued with religious piety He had a wife Prisca and a daughter Valeria, both of whom reputedly were Christians. During Diocletian's early life, the Roman empire was in the midst of turmoil. In the early years of the third century, emperors increasingly insecure on their thrones had granted inflationary pay raises to the soldiers. The only meaningful income the soldiers now received was in the form of gold donatives granted by newly acclaimed emperors. Beginning in 235, armies throughout the empire began to set up their generals as rival emperors. The resultant civil wars opened up the empire to invasion in both the north, by the Franks, Alamanni, and Goths, and the east, by the Sassanid Persians. Another reason for the unrest in the army was the great gap between the social background of the common soldiers and the officer corps.

Diocletian sought his fortune in the army. He showed himself to be a shrewd, able, and ambitious individual. He is first attested as "Duke of Moesia" (an area on the banks of the lower Danube River), with responsibility for border defense. He was a prudent and methodical officer, a seeker of victory rather than glory. In 282, the legions of the upper Danube proclaimed the praetorian prefect Carus as emperor. Diocletian found favor under the new emperor, and was promoted to Count of the Domestics, the commander of the cavalry arm of the imperial bodyguard. In 283 he was granted the honor of a consulate.

In 284, in the midst of a campaign against the Persians, Carus was killed, struck by a bolt of lightning which one writer noted might have been forged in a legionary armory. This left the empire in the hands of his two young sons, Numerian in the east and Carinus in the west. Soon thereafter, Numerian died under mysterious circumstances near Nicomedia, and Diocletian was acclaimed emperor in his place. At this time he changed his name from Diocles to Diocletian. In 285 Carinus was killed in a battle near Belgrade, and Diocletian gained control of the entire empire.

Diocletian's Administrative and Military Reforms
As emperor, Diocletian was faced with many problems. His most immediate concerns were to bring the mutinous and increasingly barbarized Roman armies back under control and to make the frontiers once again secure from invasion. His long-term goals were to restore effective government and economic prosperity to the empire. Diocletian concluded that stern measures were necessary if these problems were to be solved. He felt that it was the responsibility of the imperial government to take whatever steps were necessary, no matter how harsh or innovative, to bring the empire back under control.

Diocletian was able to bring the army back under control by making several changes. He subdivided the roughly fifty existing provinces into approximately one hundred. The provinces also were apportioned among twelve "dioceses," each under a "vicar," and later also among four "prefectures," each under a "praetorian prefect." As a result, the imperial bureaucracy became increasingly bloated. He institutionalized the policy of separating civil and military careers. He divided the army itself into so-called "border troops," actually an ineffective citizen militia, and "palace troops," the real field army, which often was led by the emperor in person.

Following the precedent of Aurelian (A.D.270-275), Diocletian transformed the emperorship into an out-and-out oriental monarchy. Access to him became restricted; he now was addressed not as First Citizen (Princeps) or the soldierly general (Imperator), but as Lord and Master (Dominus Noster) . Those in audience were required to prostrate themselves on the ground before him.

Diocletian also concluded that the empire was too large and complex to be ruled by only a single emperor. Therefore, in order to provide an imperial presence throughout the empire, he introduced the "Tetrarchy," or "Rule by Four." In 285, he named his lieutenant Maximianus "Caesar," and assigned him the western half of the empire. This practice began the process which would culminate with the de facto split of the empire in 395. Both Diocletian and Maximianus adopted divine attributes. Diocletian was identified with Jupiter and Maximianus with Hercules. In 286, Diocletian promoted Maximianus to the rank of Augustus, "Senior Emperor," and in 293 he appointed two new Caesars, Constantius (the father of Constantine I ), who was given Gaul and Britain in the west, and Galerius, who was assigned the Balkans in the east.

By instituting his Tetrarchy, Diocletian also hoped to solve another problem. In the Augustan Principate, there had been no constitutional method for choosing new emperors. According to Diocletian's plan, the successor of each Augustus would be the respective Caesar, who then would name a new Caesar. Initially, the Tetrarchy operated smoothly and effectively.

Once the army was under control, Diocletian could turn his attention to other problems. The borders were restored and strengthened. In the early years of his reign, Diocletian and his subordinates were able to defeat foreign enemies such as Alamanni, Sarmatians, Saracens, Franks, and Persians, and to put down rebellions in Britain and Egypt. The easter frontier was actually expanded.

.
Diocletian's Economic Reforms
Another problem was the economy, which was in an especially sorry state. The coinage had become so debased as to be virtually worthless. Diocletian's attempt to reissue good gold and silver coins failed because there simply was not enough gold and silver available to restore confidence in the currency. A "Maximum Price Edict" issued in 301, intended to curb inflation, served only to drive goods onto the black market. Diocletian finally accepted the ruin of the money economy and revised the tax system so that it was based on payments in kind . The soldiers too came to be paid in kind.

In order to assure the long term survival of the empire, Diocletian identified certain occupations which he felt would have to be performed. These were known as the "compulsory services." They included such occupations as soldiers, bakers, members of town councils, and tenant farmers. These functions became hereditary, and those engaging in them were inhibited from changing their careers. The repetitious nature of these laws, however, suggests that they were not widely obeyed. Diocletian also expanded the policy of third-century emperors of restricting the entry of senators into high-ranking governmental posts, especially military ones.

Diocletian attempted to use the state religion as a unifying element. Encouraged by the Caesar Galerius, Diocletian in 303 issued a series of four increasingly harsh decrees designed to compel Christians to take part in the imperial cult, the traditional means by which allegiance was pledged to the empire. This began the so-called "Great Persecution."

Diocletian's Resignation and Death
On 1 May 305, wearied by his twenty years in office, and determined to implement his method for the imperial succession, Diocletian abdicated. He compelled his co-regent Maximianus to do the same. Constantius and Galerius then became the new Augusti, and two new Caesars were selected, Maximinus (305-313) in the east and Severus (305- 307) in the west. Diocletian then retired to his palace at Split on the Croatian coast. In 308 he declined an offer to resume the purple, and the aged ex-emperor died at Split on 3 December 316.

Copyright (C) 1996, Ralph W. Mathisen, University of South Carolina
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.

Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.

Cleisthenes

136 - Numerian - RIC 390 - Bust Type F var (Lugdunum) (//C)Obv:– IMP C NVMERIANVS AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right
Rev:– PACATO-R ORBIS, Emperor advancing right, holding shield and sword, captive, cowering beneath
Minted in Lugdunum (C in exe) Emission 9 Officina 3. Summer A.D. 284
Reference:– Cohen 41 (30 F). Bastien 618 (2 examples). RIC 390 Bust type F var (Officina).

The coin appears to be billon rather than silvered and is the ONLY occurence of this reverse type.

x.x gms, x.x mm. x degreesmaridvnvm

136 - Numerian - RIC 416 - Bust Type FAntoninianus
Obv:– IMP NVMERIANVS AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right
Rev:– PIETAS AVGG, Mercury standing left, holding purse and caduceus
Minted in Rome (//KAD). A.D. 283 - A.D. 284
Reference:– RIC 416 (C).

4.13g, 21.99mm, 180o1 commentsmaridvnvm

136 - Numerian - RIC unlisted - Bust Type F (Lugdunum) (//C)Obv:– IMP C NVMERIANVS AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right
Rev:– PACATO-R ORBIS, Emperor advancing right, holding shield and sword, captive, cowering beneath
Minted in Lugdunum (C in exe) Emission 9 Officina 3. Summer A.D. 284
Reference:– Cohen 41 (30 F). Bastien 618 (2 examples). RIC Unlisted.

The coin appears to be billon rather than silvered and is the ONLY occurence of this reverse type.1 commentsmaridvnvm

136 - Numerian Ant. - RIC -Obv:- IMP C NVMERIANVS AVG, Radiate bust right wearing imperial mantle and holding eagle-tipped scepter in right hand
Rev:- MARS VICTOR, Mars advancing right with spear and trophy
Minted in Lugdunum (C in right field)
References:- RIC - (not listed with this bust type in RIC). Bastien 562 (3 examples cited)

The consular busts are scarce for this dynasty.1 commentsmaridvnvm

136 - Numerian Ant. - RIC 353 Bust Type C (As Caesar) Obv:– M AVR NVMERIANVS NOB C, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev:– MARS VICTOR, Mars walking right holding trophy and spear
Minted in Lugdunum (C in right field) Emission 4 Officina 3. 1st Quarter A.D. 283
References:– Cohen 18. RIC V part 2 353 Bust Type C. Bastien 519 (28 examples) maridvnvm

136 - Numerian Ant. - RIC 353 Bust Type C (As Caesar)Antoninianus
Obv:– IMP C NVMERIANVS AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right
Rev:– VIRTVS AVGG, Virtus standing left holding Vicotry, who is holding a wreath and palm and inverted spear
Mint – Lugdunum (C | _) Emission 9 Officina 3. Summer A.D. 284
Reference(s) – Cohen 103. Bastien 616 (3). RIC 400 Bust Type F.

4.74 g, 23.69 mm. 0 degrees maridvnvm

136 - Numerian Ant. - RIC 356 Bust Type C (As Caesar) Obv:– M AVR NVMERIANVS NOB C, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev:– PRINCIPI IVVENTVT, Prince standing left holding globe and inverted spear
Minted in Lugdunum (Retrograde C in left field) Emission 4 Officina 3. 1st Quarter A.D. 283
References:– Cohen 72. RIC V part 2 356 Bust Type C. Bastien 517 (6 examples) maridvnvm

136 - Numerian Ant. - RIC 384 varObv:– IMP C NVMERIANVS AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right, holding sceptre over left shoulder
Rev:– FELICITAS AVGG, Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus, leaning on column
Minted in Lugdunum (B | _) Emission 8 Officina 2. 1st quarter A.D. 284
Ref:– Cohen -. Bastien 588 (3 examples cited). RIC 384 var (Not listed with this bust type in RIC)2 commentsmaridvnvm

136 - Numerian Ant. - RIC 386 Bust Type CObv:– IMP C M AVR NVMERIANVS AVG, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev:– MARS VICTOR, Mars walking right holding trophy and spear
Minted in Lugdunum (C in right field) Emission 6 Officina 3. August A.D. 283 to start A.D. 284
Reference:– Cohen 24, RIC 386 Bust Type C. Bastien 543 (14 examples cited)maridvnvm

136 - Numerian Ant. - RIC 388 Bust Type FObv:– IMP C NVMERIANVS AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right
Rev:– MARS VICTOR, Mars walking right holding trophy and spear
Minted in Lugdunum (C in right field) Emission 6, Officina 3. August 283 to start 284 A.D.
Reference:– Cohen 21, Bastien 544, RIC 388 Bust Type Fmaridvnvm

136 - Numerian Ant. - RIC 388 var Obv:– IMP C NVMERIANVS AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right holding spear in left hand over left shoulder
Rev:– MARS VICTOR, Mars walking right holding trophy and spear
Minted in Lugdunum (C in right field) Emission 6, Officina 3. August 283 to start 284 A.D.
Reference:– Cohen 22. Bastien 561 (6 examples cited), RIC 388 var (Not listed with this bust type in RIC) maridvnvm

136 - Numerian Ant. - RIC 393 Bust Type C (B | _)Obv:– IMP C M AVR NVMERIANVS AVG, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right, seen from the rear
Rev:– PAX AVGG, Pax standing left, holding olive-branch and sceptre
Minted in Lugdunum (B in left field) Emission 6 Officina 2. August A.D. 283 – start A.D. 284
Reference:– Cohen 50. Bastien 538, RIC 393 Bust Type Cmaridvnvm

136 - Numerian Ant. - RIC 393 var. Bust Type C (_ | A)Obv:– IMP C M AVR NVMERIANVS AVG, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right, seen from the rear
Rev:– PAX AVGG, Pax standing left, holding olive-branch and sceptre
Minted in Lugdunum (A in right field) Emission 6 Officina 1. August A.D. 283 – start A.D. 284
Reference:– Cohen 50. Bastien 534 (1 example in Berlin) RIC 393 var. Bust Type C (Not listed with this officina in RIC)maridvnvm

136 - Numerian Ant. - RIC 394Obv:– IMP C NVMERIANVS AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust left with spear and shield (decorated with Medusa head)
Rev:– PAX AVGG, Pax standing left, holding olive-branch and sceptre
Minted in Lugdunum (B in left field) Emission 6 Officina 2. August A.D. 283 – start A.D. 284
Reference:– Cohen 49. Bastien 554 (4 examples cited), RIC 394 (Rated Rare) maridvnvm

136 - Numerian Ant. - RIC 394 Bust Type FObv:– IMP C NVMERIANVS AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right
Rev:– PAX AVGG, Pax standing left, holding olive-branch and sceptre
Minted in Lugdunum (B in left field) Emission 6 Officina 2. August A.D. 283 – start A.D. 284
Reference:– Cohen 43. Bastien 539, RIC 394 Bust Type Fmaridvnvm

136 - Numerian Ant. - RIC 394 Bust Type F Obv:– IMP C NVMERIANVS AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right
Rev:– PAX AVGG, Pax standing left, holding olive-branch and sceptre
Minted in Lugdunum (B in right field) Emission 6 Officina 2. August A.D. 283 – start A.D. 284
Reference:– Cohen 43. Bastien 542 (3 examples cited), RIC 394 Bust Type F 1 commentsmaridvnvm

136 - Numerian Ant. - RIC 395Obv:– IMP NVMERIANVS AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust left with spear and shield (decorated with Medusa head)
Rev:– PAX AVGG, Pax standing left, holding olive-branch and sceptre
Minted in Lugdunum (B in left field) Emission 6 Officina 2. August A.D. 283 – start A.D. 284
Reference:– RIC 395 (Rated Rare). Cohen 47. Bastien 557 (6 examples cited).2 commentsmaridvnvm

136 - Numerian Ant. - RIC 396 Bust Type F var (B | _ / LVG)Obv:– IMP C NVMERIANVS AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right
Rev:– PIETAS AVGG, Pietas standing right, holding patera over altar.
Minted in Lugdunum (B in left field, LVG in exe.) Emission 7 Officina 2. Start A.D. 284
References:– RIC V part 2 396 var Bust Type F. Bastien 580 (4 examples cited)maridvnvm

136 - Numerian Ant. - RIC 396 Bust Type F var (_ | C / LVG)Obv:– IMP C NVMERIANVS AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right
Rev:– PIETAS AVGG, Pietas standing right, holding patera over altar.
Minted in Lugdunum (C in right field, LVG in exe.) Emission 7 Officina 2. Start A.D. 284
References:– RIC V part 2 396 var Bust Type F (not listed with C in right field in RIC). Bastien 583 (3 examples cited)maridvnvm

136 - Numerian Ant. - RIC 397 Bust Type F (C | _)Obv:– IMP NVMERIANVS AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right
Rev:– PIETAS AVGG, Pietas standing right, holding patera over altar
Minted in Lugdunum (C in left field) Emission 8 Officina 3. First half A.D. 284
Reference:– Cohen 61. Bastien 598. RIC 397 Bust Type F maridvnvm

136 - Numerian Ant. - RIC 397 Bust Type F (_ | C)Obv:– IMP NVMERIANVS AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right
Rev:– PIETAS AVGG, Pietas standing right, holding patera over altar
Minted in Lugdunum (C in right field) Emission 8 Officina 3. First half A.D. 284
Reference:– Cohen 61. Bastien 600 (9 examples). RIC 397 Bust Type F 1 commentsmaridvnvm

136 - Numerian Ant. - RIC 463 Bust Type CObv:– IMP C NVMERIANVS P F AVG, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right seen from the rear
Rev:– CLEMENTIA TEMP, Jupiter presenting globe to Numerian
Minted in Cyzicus (S in centre field, XXI in exe)
Reference:– RIC V pt 2, 463maridvnvm

136 - Numerian Ant. - RIC 463 Bust Type CObv:– IMP C NVMERIANVS P F AVG, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right seen from the rear
Rev:– CLEMENTIA TEMP, Jupiter presenting globe to Numerian
Minted in Cyzicus (B in centre field, XXI in exe)
Reference:– RIC V pt 2, 4631 commentsmaridvnvm

146. Numerian (283-284 A.D.)Av.: IMP CM AVR NVMERIANVS PF AVG
Rv.: VIRTVS AVGG
Centre: gamma
Ex.: XXI

AE Antoninian Ø20 / 3.9g
RIC V-2 466 Antioch

155 – NVMERIANVSNumerianus was Roman emperor from 283 to 284 with his older brother Carinus.

for obverse, reverse and coin details click here
shanxi

1dp Carus282-283

AE antoninianus

Radiate draped bust, right, IMP C M AVR CARVS P F AVG
Emperor standing right, receiving Victory on globe from Jupiter standing left, G between, XXI in ex, CLEMENTIA TEMP

RIC 118

The Historia Augusta recorded: Let us, rather, pass on to Carus, a mediocre man, so to speak, but one to be ranked with the good rather than the evil princes, yet a better ruler by far, had he not left Carinus to be his heir. . . . In regard to Cams' birthplace there is such divergence of statement among the various writers that by reason of the very great difference among them I am unable to tell what it really was. . . . He, then, after rising through the various civil and military grades, as the inscriptions on his statues show, was made prefect of the guard by Probus, and he won such affection among the soldiers that when Probus, that great emperor, was slain, he alone seemed wholly worthy of the imperial power. I am not unaware that many have suspected and, in fact, have put it into the records that Probus was slain by the treachery of Carus. This, however, neither the kindness of Probus toward Carus nor Carus' own character will permit us to believe, and there is the further reason that he avenged the death of Probus with the utmost severity and steadfastness. . . .

[Zonaras adds: Another war against Galienus was incited by Macrinus, who, having two sons, Macrianus and Quintus, attempted a usurpation. Because he was lame in one leg, he did not don the imperial mantle, but clad his sons in it.]

And so. . . , as soon as he received the imperial power, by the unanimous wish of all the soldiers he took up the war against the Persians for which Probus had been preparing. He gave to his sons the name of Caesar, planning to despatch Carinus, with some carefully selected men, to govern the provinces of Gaul, and to take along with himself Numerian, a most excellent and eloquent young man. . . . [H]e conquered Mesopotamia and advanced as far as Ctesiphon; and while the Persians were busied with internal strife he won the name of Conqueror of Persia. But when he advanced still further, desirous himself of glory and urged on most of all by his prefect, who in his wish to rule was seeking the destruction of both Carus and his sons as well, he met his death, according to some, by disease, according to others, through a stroke of lightning.

Zonaras wrote: He was a Gaul by ancestry, but brave and accomplished in matters of warfare. The account of his death has been variously composed by those who have done historical research. Some say that, having campaigned against the Huns, he was killed there. Others say that he was encamped by the River Tigris and that there, in the place where his army had thrown up a palisade, his tent was struck by lightning, and they record that, along with it, he too was destroyed.Blindado

1dq Numerian282-284

AE antoninianus

Radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust, right, M AVR NVMERIANVS NOB C
Numerian & Jupiter, VIRTVS AVGG

RIC 377

The Historia Augusta records: Numerian, the son of Carus, was of excellent character and truly worthy to rule ; he was notable, moreover, for his eloquence, so much so, in fact, that even as a boy he declaimed in public, and his writings came to be famous, though more suitable for declamation than in keeping with Cicero's style. . . . He accompanied his father in the Persian war, and after his father's death, when he had begun to suffer from a disease of the eyes for that kind of ailment is most frequent with those exhausted, as he was, by too much loss of sleep and was being carried in a litter, he was slain by the treachery of his father-in-law Aper, who was attempting to seize the rule. But the soldiers continued for several days to ask after the emperor's health, and Aper kept haranguing them, saying that he could not appear before them for the reason that he must protect his weakened eyes from the wind and the sun, but at last the stench of his body revealed the facts. Then all fell upon Aper, whose treachery could no longer be hidden, and they dragged him before the standards in front of the general's tent.
Blindado

1ds Diocletian284-305

AE antoninianus

Radiate, draped, cuirassed bust, right, IMP C C VAL DIOCLETIANVS P F AVG
Zeus and Diocletian, CONCORDIA MILITVM

RIC 284B

According to the Historia Augusta, after the death of Numerian: Then a huge assembly was held and a tribunal, too, was constructed. And when the question was asked who would be the most lawful avenger of Numerian and who could be given to the commonwealth as a good emperor, then all, with a heaven-sent unanimity, conferred the title of Augustus on Diocletian. . . . He was at this time in command of the household-troops, an outstanding man and wise, devoted to the commonwealth, devoted to his kindred, duly prepared to face whatever the occasion demanded, forming plans that were always deep though sometimes over-bold, and one who could by prudence and exceeding firmness hold in check the impulses of a restless spirit. This man, then, having ascended the tribunal was hailed as Augustus, and when someone asked how Numerian had been slain, he drew his sword and pointing to Aper, the prefect of the guard, he drove it through him, saying as he did so, "It is he who contrived Numerian's death.''

Eutropius summarized a long and important reign: DIOCLETIAN, a native of Dalmatia, [was] of such extremely obscure birth, that he is said by most writers to have been the son of a clerk, but by some to have been a freedman of a senator named Anulinus. . . . He soon after overthrew Carinus, who was living under the utmost hatred and detestation, in a great battle at Margum, Carinus being betrayed by his own troops, for though he had a greater number of men than the enemy, he was altogether abandoned by them between Viminacium and mount Aureus. He thus became master of the Roman empire; and when the peasants in Gaul made an insurrection, giving their faction the name of Bagaudae, and having for leaders Amandus and Aelianus, he despatched Maximian Herculius, with the authority of Caesar, to suppress them. Maximian, in a few battles of little importance, subdued the rustic multitude, and restored peace to Gaul. . . .

Diocletian promoted MAXIMIAN HERCULIUS from the dignity of Caesar to that of emperor, and created Constantius and Maximian Galerius Caesars, of whom Constantius is said to have been the grand-nephew of Claudius by a daughter, and Maximian Galerius to have been born in Dacia not far from Sardica. That he might also unite them by affinity, Constantius married Theodora the step-daughter of Herculius, by whom he had afterwards six children, brothers to Constantine; while Galerius married Valeria, the daughter of Diocletian; both being obliged to divorce the wives that they had before. . . .

Diocletian, meanwhile, besieging Achilleus in Alexandria, obliged him to surrender about eight months after, and put him to death. He used his victory, indeed, cruelly, and distressed all Egypt with severe proscriptions and massacres. Yet at the same time he made many judicious arrangements and regulations, which continue to our own days. . . .

Diocletian was of a crafty disposition, with much sagacity, and keen penetration. He was willing to gratify his own disposition to cruelty in such a way as to throw the odium upon others; he was however a very active and able prince. He was the first that introduced into the Roman empire a ceremony suited rather to royal usages than to Roman liberty, giving orders that he should be adored, whereas all emperors before him were only saluted. He put ornaments of precious stones on his dress and shoes, when the imperial distinction had previously been only in the purple robe, the rest of the habit being the same as that of other men. . . .

But when Diocletian, as age bore heavily upon him, felt himself unable to sustain the government of the empire, he suggested to Herculius that they should both retire into private life, and commit the duty of upholding the state to more vigorous and youthful hands. With this suggestion his colleague reluctantly complied. Both of them, in the same day, exchanged the robe of empire for an ordinary dress, Diocletian at Nicomedia, Herculius at Milan, soon after a magnificent triumph which they celebrated at Rome over several nations, with a noble succession of pictures, and in which the wives, sisters, and children of Narseus were led before their chariots. The one then retired to Salonae, and the other into Lucania.

Diocletian lived to an old age in a private station, at a villa which is not far from Salonae, in honourable retirement, exercising extraordinary philosophy, inasmuch as he alone of all men, since the foundation of the Roman empire, voluntarily returned from so high a dignity to the condition of private life, and to an equality with the other citizens. That happened to him, therefore, which had happened to no one since men were created, that, though he died in a private condition, he was enrolled among the gods. Blindado

22026 Carus/VictoryCarus/Victory
Obv: IMP C M AVR CARVS P F AVG,
Radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right
Rev: VIRTVS AVGGG,
Carinus or Numerian receiving Victory from Carus, star above, Delta below centre XXI in exergue
Mint:Antioch 21.8mm 3.1g
RIC 125
Blayne W

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