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Julia Domna
Stobi, Macedonia
2 assaria
Obv. Dr bust r, IVLIA - AVGVSTA round.
Rev. Nike walking r, palm over l shoulder, wreath in raised r hand, MVNIC - S - TOBEN round
6.05 gm, 23 mm
Cohen IV 269, SNG Cop 332, Josifovski 212, same dies (V63, R68), citing Vienna 9885 [from whitetd49]2 comments

Denarius - 86 B.C. - M. FANNIVS L. CRITONIVS Gens Critonia
Obv.: Head of Ceres right, AED PL behind.
Rev.: The two aedile seated right on subsellium, ear of corn before, PA on left, M FAN L CRT in ex.
g. 3,8 mm. 20,3x18,1
Craw. 351/1, Sear RCV 267
1 commentsMaxentius

Severus Alexander - Sestertius - 231 AD.
Ob.: IMP SEV ALEXANDER AVG, laureate head right
Rev.: ANNONA AVGVSTI S C, Annona standing left holding anchor & grain ears over modius.
gs. 16,1 mm. 29,8
Cohen 36, RIC 549Maxentius

DECENTIVS - AE Centenionalis - Lugdunum mint - 351/353
Obv.:DN DECENTIVS NOB CAES, cuirassed bust right
Rev.: VICTORIAE DD NN AVG ET CAE, two Victories standing facing holding shield inscribed VOT V MVLT X, *SV in central field. SRLG in ex.
Gs. 4,7 mm. 21,2
Cohen 43Maxentius

CLAVDIVS II Gothicus - AE Antoninianus - Mediolanum mint, 268-270 AD
Obv.: IMP CLAVDIVS P F AVG, radiate draped bust right
Rev.:VICTORIA AVG, Victory running right holding wreath & palm, S in ex.
Gs. 2,9 mm. 21,2
Cohen 302, RIC 171Maxentius

ELAGABALVS - Denarius - 218 AD.
Obv.: IMP CAES M AVR ANTONINVS AVG, laureate, draped & cuirassed bust right
Rev.: VICTOR ANTONINI AVG, Victory running right, holding wreath and palm over left shoulder.
Gs. 3,1 mm. 19,6
Cohen 289, RIC 156

Maxentius

ISLANDS off THRACE, Thasos. Circa 500-480 BC
AR Drachm (19mm, 2.42 g)
Ithyphallic satyr running right, carrying off protesting nymph
Quadripartite incuse square
Le Rider, Thasiennes 3; SNG Copenhagen 1016; HGC 6, 332
Ardatirion

Obv.IMP CAES GORDIANVS PIVS AVG, rayonnent, drapé et cuirassé à droite buste
Rev. ROMEA AETERNAE, Rome assise à gauche avec la victoire et le sceptre _3483
4,43g.,22mm
Antonivs Protti

Antoninus Pius - AE Dupondius

Roman Empire
Emperor Antoninus Pius. 138 - 161 AD. AE-Dupondius. Rome Mint.

obv: ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P IMP II - Radiate head of Antoninus Pius right
rev: TR POT XIX COS IIII - Annona seated right, holding cornucopia; at feet, modius.
'S C' below, in exergue.

25.83mm, 11.80g.2 commentsrexesq

Obverse: DN IVSTINVS PP AVG (or similar) Justin, on L., and Sophia, on r., seated facing on double throne, both nimbate; he holds gl. cr., she holds cruciform sceptre; rarely with cross between heads.
Reverse: Large M between ANNP and regnal year (G,I) yr 7, cross above, officina letter "deta" below, In ex. CON.
Date: 569/70 CE
Mint: constantinople
Sear 360 DO 22-43
29mm 14.91 gmwileyc

Obverse: DN MAVRC TIB PP AVG or similar, Helmeted sometimes crowned, and cuir. Bust facing, holding gl. cr., and shield.
Reverse: Large K ANNO to left, cross above, regnal yr 3 (III) to rt. but the mint mark sometimes reads TE, TH,TEC or backward S < E< and T, instead of TES.
Mint: Thessalonica
Date: 584/5 CE
Sear 509, DO 74-90
18mm, 5.90gwileyc

Siscia
RIC VIII 99, B Constans, AE4. CONSTAN-S PF AVG, rosette-diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right / GLOR-IA EXERC-ITVS, two soldiers holding spears and shields with one standard between them, chi-rho on banner. Mintmark: BSIS dot in crescent. RIC VIII Siscia 99.Castvlo

Klein 337 Larissa Phrikonis, Aeolis. (AE14, 1.59 grams) 10.76mm, .89g, 4th century BC. head of Apollo right / LARISA, bull standing right. Klein 337; Sear -; Mionnet -; BMC-.Castvlo

Aeolidis, Aegaea. AE18. Circa 43-48, 3.28 gm.
Obv BPITANNIKOC KAICAP Bare head of Britannicus r.
Rev : AIGAEWN EPI CALE / OU Zeus standing l., holding eagle and sceptre.

Ref : RPC 2431 (5 ex known)R. Smits

Caesarea, Paneas. AE23.
Obv : head of Claudius
Rev : His 3 children : Antonia, Britannicus and Octavia

Ref : RPC 4842
Hen-567
This coin type seems questionable to place under the coinage of Agrippa II since the legends do not mention Agrippa and the time of minting does not conform to the other Agrippa II coins. We will notice the absence of Agrippa's name in other issues as well. At the very least, though, it was struck at Caesarea-Paneas, so it is definitely part of the city coinage. It is catalogued in The Numismatic Legacy of the Jews in the city coinage section as #208.R. Smits

Judaea, Procurators. Antonius Felix. 52-59 CE. in the name of Britannicus Caesar (BPIT).
Æ Prutah (16mm, 2.64 gm.). Jerusalem mint. Dated RY 14 of Claudius (54 CE). Two crossed shields / Palm tree.

Ref : Hendin 1348
Meshorer TJC 340
RPC I 4971
GIC 5626R. Smits

AE sestertius. Struck under Claudius, circa 50-54 AD, uncertain eastern provincial mint located in the modern-day Balkans.
Obv : TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG F BRITANNICVS, draped bust left.
Rev : - No legend, Mars advancing left, holding spear and shield, SC in fields. 35mm, 19.4g. Extremely Rare.

Ref : BMCRE 226
Cohen 2
RCV 1908, valued at $32,000 in Fine, which is a few multiples greater than any other sestertius issued during the several centuries the denomination was in use.
A large number of the surviving examples of this series (one may even suggest a majority of them), due to their rarity, have been subjected to modern alteration techniques such as smoothing, tooling, and repatination. As such, it's actually pleasant to see a bit of field roughness and a 'plain brown' patina of old copper on this example, evidence that it is just as ugly as it was the day it was last used in circulation back in Ancient Rome.
Britannicus, originally known as Germanicus after Claudius' older brother, was the emperor's original intended heir and natural son. Machinations by Agrippina II eventually saw Britannicus supplanted by her own son Nero, (by Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus) who took the throne upon Claudius' suspicious death. Britannicus himself died a few years later, reportedly poisoned by his step-brother. The future emperor Titus and Britannicus were close friends, and Titus became quite ill and nearly died after eating from the same poisoned dish that killed Britannicus.R. Smits

Bayern

Stadtgemeinde Lauf

10 Pfennig

1917

Prägeanstalt: C. Balmberger, Nürnberg

Vs.: Wappen

Rs.: WZ im Blätterkranz

Rand: Glatt

Literatur: Menzel 7754.2

Erhaltung: Fast vorzüglich / sehr schön

Metall: Zink

20 mm, 1,68 g _383
Antonivs Protti

Römisch Deutsches Reich - Augsburg, Reichsstadt

Zeit Joseph II. 1765 - 1790

Pfennig 1786

Stadtpyr in Kartusche/Wertzahl,darunter Jahreszahl.

Erhaltung: Sehr schön.

Durchmesser: 16 mm

Gewicht: 1,9 g (Cu) _1989Antonivs Protti

Argentinien

2 Centavos

1890

Vs.: Freiheitsmütze über sich reichende Hände, eingerahmt von Kranz und Fahnen, darüber Sonne, das Ganze im Perlkreis, darunter Jahr

Rs.: Argentina, Sinnbild der Republik, Kopf n. l.

Erhaltung: Sehr schön

Metall: Bronze

30 mm, 9,65 g _592Antonivs Protti

Römisch Deutsches Reich - Coesfeld, Stadt

IIII Pfennig 1763

Stadtwappen mit Stierkopf/Wertzahl

Erhaltung: Sehr schön.

Durchmesser: 21 mm

Gewicht: 2,5 g _1493Antonivs Protti

RDR -- Brandenburg-Preussen

Friedrich Wilhelm III. (1797-1840)

1826

Pfennig (Kupfer)

Münzstätte: Düsseldorf

Vs: Gekröntes Wappen. Umschrift: "360 EINEN THALER"

Rs: Wert, Jahreszahl und Münzzeichen.

Gewicht: 1,3g

Durchmesser: 17 mm

Erhaltung: schön _897Antonivs Protti

Belgien

Medaille 1909 (Bronze)

auf die Eröffnung der Klinik am 14.6.1909, finanziert durch die Gemeinschaftskasse von Industrie und Handel

Gewicht: 19,1g

Durchmesser: 34mm

Erhaltung: zaponiert, min.Rdf., vorzüglich _1298Antonivs Protti

Medaillen

Deutsches Reich

Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller war ein bedeutender deutsche Dichter, Dramatiker, Philosoph und Historiker (*1759 in Marbach am Neckar, + 1805 in Weimar)

Zinnmedaille

Signiert W.S (Wenzel Seidan)

Undatiert (1859)

Auf den 100. Geburtstag Schillers gewidmet vom Prager Schiller-Verein

Vs: Umschrift, darin bekleidetes Brustbild nach rechts.

Rs: Sieben Zeilen Schrift zwischen zwei Lorbeerzweigen

7,5 g ; 26,0 mm

Kleine Randunebenheiten, Vorzüglich _1193Antonivs Protti

Hannover

Medaille 2000 (Kupfer-Nickel)

Auf die Expo in Hannover

Gewicht: 25,7g

Durchmesser: 39mm

Erhaltung: vorzüglich _596Antonivs Protti

Großbritannien

25 New Pence 1977 (Kupfer-Nickel)

25-jähriges Thronjubiläum der Queen

Gewicht: 28,28g

Erhaltung: zaponiert, unzirkuliert _499Antonivs Protti

Großbritannien

Medaille 1934 (Aluminium)

Daily Record Medal, 26.9.1934

Gewicht: 4,0g

Durchmesser: 31mm

Erhaltung: zaponiert, gelocht, sehr schön _199Antonivs Protti

Großbritannien

25 New Pence 1981 (Kupfer-Nickel)

Hochzeit von Lady Di und Prinz Charles

Gewicht: 28,28g

Erhaltung: vorzüglich _199Antonivs Protti

Stadt Rostock

3 Pfennig 1859 BS ( Benjamin Steinhorst)

Greif nach links.

Rs: Wert, Jahr und Mmz.

Erhaltung: Randfehler, sehr schön.

Durchmesser: 21 mm

Gewicht: 2,8 g (Cu) _1999Antonivs Protti

RDR -- Mecklenburg-Schwerin

Friedrich Franz II. (1842-1883)

Pfennig (Kupfer)

Münzstätte: Schwerin

Vs: Gekröntes Monogramm. Umschrift: "VGG GROSSH V MECKLENB SCHWERIN"

Rs: Wert, Jahreszahl und Münzzeichen (B).

Gewicht: 1,5g

Durchmesser: 15 mm

Erhaltung: sehr schön _397Antonivs Protti

Polen

Johann Kasimir (1649-1668)

1666 (?)

Schilling (Kupfer)

Münzstätte: Krakau (?)

Vs: Büste nach rechts. Umschrift: "IOAN CAS REX"

Rs: Reiter nach rechts. Umschrift: "SOLI..... 1666"

Gewicht: 1,0g

Durchmesser: 14 mm

Erhaltung: schön _299Antonivs Protti

Römisch Deutsches Reich - Münster, Domkapitel

VI Pfennig 1762, Münzstätte Münster,

Hl. Paulus mit Bibel und Schwert.

Rs: Wert und Jahr.

Erhaltung: Schön.

Durchmesser: 25 mm

Gewicht: 3,2 g (Cu) _692Antonivs Protti

Römisch Deutsches Reich - Münster, Domkapitel

III Pfennig 1758 (?), Münster

Heiliger Paulus mit Bibel und Schwert

Rs: Jahreszahl und Wertzahl

Erhaltung: Fast sehr schön.

Durchmesser: 23 mm

Gewicht: 3,8 g (Cu) _691Antonivs Protti

Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika

1/2 Dollar 1968 (Silber)

Kennedy

Vs.: Kopf nach links

Rs.: Weißkopfseeadler

Erhaltung: vorzüglich

Gewicht: 11,5g. _992Antonivs Protti

Polen

1000 Zloty 1982 (Silber)

Papst Johannes Paul II.

Gewicht: 14,2g

Erhaltung:fein getönt, unzirkuliert _1292Antonivs Protti

Pirmasens (Bayern) 5 Pfennig. ohne Jahr
Vs: Wappen
Rs: Wert
Zitat: Menzel 11016
Gewicht: 1.52 g. Durchmesser: 19-20 mm
Metall: Zink. Erhaltung: Sehr schön _196
Antonivs Protti

GORDIAN III
Sestertius. Rome mint. 240 AD.
34.6mm, 16.2 grams
OBV: IMP GORDIANVS PIVS FEL AVG, laureate, draped, cuirassed bust right.
REV: PAX AETERNA, Pax running left, holding branch and sceptre.
S-C across fields. RIC-IVc - 319a

ANT AVG III VIR R P C
Galley right, mast with banners at prow

LEG XV
legionary eagle between two standards

Patrae mint

32-31BC

Patrae mint

3.16g

32-31BC

The XV is there, much easier to see in hand.

Founded by Julius Caesar in 54 BC
Known also as the XV Apollinaris meaning "belonging to the god Apollo"Jay GT4

India, Pre-Mauryan Empire. Anonymous. Ca. 500-400 B.C. AR karshapana (20.1 mm, 1.62 g). 4 punches: elephant left with double crescent above, 5 crescents around annulets with dot in center (cf. R-195), three fish swimming around annulet with pellets around (cf. R-232)Quant.Geek

WESTERN ASIATIC HEAD TABLET WITH CUNEIFORM INSCRIPTION
3rd millennium BC

A ceramic male head with three-spiked hairstyle, panel of cuneiform script to the underside.1 commentsQuant.Geek

1891 Promissory Note - John Deckman
Lycoming County, Pennsylvania
Payable for $100.00 one year after date of issueQuant.Geek

Abbasid Governors, anonymous, AE fals (21mm, 3.71gm, 11h), Halab, AH 136. O: Kalima; below, large pellet left and annulet right; in margin, mint and date formula. R: At center, Kalima continued; in margin, Qur'an 9:33. Ilisch (1996) Resafa IV, p. 117, 221 (dated xx6); cf. ibid. 220 (dated 135) and 222 (date illegible, either 135 or 136); see also Nützel (1898) Berlin 2074 (dated 135 but mint illegible) and Shamma p. 89, 3 (dated xx5). Very Fine and extremely rare, olive green patina with areas of red sand encrustation. Date full and clear. Mint missing but clearly style of Halab, AH 135 and 136.Quant.Geek

GAUL: Anonymous, circa 80-52 BC, AE15, cf. D&T 2638 (for style), stylized Alexandrian head right // YLLYCCV (?) around sylized eagle standing left; pentagram and pellets-in-annulets to right1 commentsQuant.Geek

Phocas. 602-610. Æ Follis – 40 Nummi (32mm, 12.92 g, 6h). Thessalonica mint. Dated RY 5 (606/7). Crowned facing bust, wearing consular robes, holding mappa and cross / Large XXXX; ANNO above, Ð§ to right; TÐ„S. DOC 47; MIBE 91; SB 653. Good VF, dark brown-black patina, hint of earthen deposits, cleaning marks. Overstruck on a Nicomedia follis of Maurice Tiberius (SB 512). Quant.Geek

John Comnenus-Ducas. As emperor of Thessalonica, 1237-1242. BI Trachy (20mm, 1.67 g, 6h). Type R, Variety A. Thessalonica mint. Outstretched wing to left / Facing half-length bust John, holding banner decorated with two cross-in-rings. DOC 31; SB 2217. VF, dark green and brown patina, hint of roughness, small flan split.

From the Iconodule Collection.Quant.Geek

SIKH EMPIRE: AE ¼ anna (7.35g), Amritsar, VS(18)96, KM-5var, Herrli-01.31, small cross in obverse field, pa anna nanakshahi on reverse, lovely strike, gorgeous EF, R, ex Paul Stevens Collection. Herrli divided these into a paisa (=¼ anna) and half paisa (11-12g, and 5.5g, respectively), but all coins are inscribed "pa anna" for ¼ anna, and all weigh in the range of 7.0g to 8.5g; thus there is only one denomination for this type.
Quant.Geek

Justinian I. AD 527-565. Rome
Denarius AE

8mm., 1,60g.

Justinian monogram / Diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right.

fine

DOC 372 (Uncertain mint; nummus); Morello 19/1 (Ravenna[?]; 2½ nummi); MIBE 94; SB 340 (Uncertain mint; nummus); BMC Vandals 140 (Vandalic).
Quant.Geek

JAMES IV OF SCOTLAND
James IV was the King of Scotland from June 1488 until his death in battle at the age of 40 on the 9th September, 1513.
James IV's mother, Margaret of Denmark, was more popular than his father, James III, and though somewhat estranged from her husband she raised their sons at Stirling Castle until she died in 1486. Two years later, a rebellion broke out, where the rebels set up the 15-year-old Prince James as their nominal leader. The rebels fought James III at the Battle of Sauchieburn where, on 11th June 1488, the king was killed. Prince James assumed the throne as James IV and was crowned at Scone on 24th of June. However he continued to bear an intense guilt for the indirect role which he had played in the death of his father.
James maintained Scotland's traditional good relations with France, and this occasionally created diplomatic problems with England, but James recognised nonetheless that peace between Scotland and England was in the interest of both countries, and established good diplomatic relations with England as well. First he ratified the Treaty of Ayton in 1497, then, in 1502 James signed the Treaty of Perpetual Peace with Henry VII which was sealed by his marriage to Henry's daughter Margaret Tudor the next year. Anglo-Scottish relations generally remained stable until the death of Henry VII in 1509.
James saw the importance of building a fleet that could provide Scotland with a strong maritime presence, he founded two new dockyards and acquired a total of 38 ships for the Royal Scots Navy. These including the "Great Michael" which, built at great expense, was launched in 1511 and was at that time the largest ship in the world.
When war broke out between England and France, James found himself in a difficult position as an ally by treaty to both countries. But relations with England had worsened since the accession of Henry VIII, and when Henry invaded France, James reacted by declaring war on England.
James sent the Scottish navy, including the "Great Michael", to join the ships of Louis XII of France and, hoping to take advantage of Henry's absence at the siege of Thérouanne, he himself led an invading army southward into Northumberland. However, on 9th September 1513 at the disastrous Battle of Flodden James IV was killed, he was the last monarch in Great Britain to be killed in battle. His death, along with many of his nobles including his son the archbishop of St Andrews, was one of the worst military defeats in Scotland's history and the loss of such a large portion of the political community was a major blow to the realm. James IV's corpse was identified after the battle and taken to Berwick, where it was embalmed and placed in a lead coffin before being transported to London. Catherine of Aragon, wife of Henry VIII, sent the dead king's slashed, blood-stained surcoat to Henry, who was fighting in France, with the recommendation that he use it as a war banner.
James IV's son, James V, was crowned three weeks after the disaster at Flodden, but he was not yet two years old, and his minority was to be fraught with political upheaval.*Alex

HENRY VI
Henry VI was King of England from 1422 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471. The only child of Henry V, he succeeded to the English throne at the age of nine months when his father died.
This was during the period of the long-running Hundred Years' War (1337 - 1453) and Henry is the only English monarch to also have been crowned King of France (as Henri II), in 1431. During his early reign several people were ruling for him and by the time Henry was declared fit to rule in 1437 he found his realm in a difficult position, faced with setbacks in France and divisions among the nobility at home. Henry is described as timid, shy, passive, well intentioned, and averse to warfare and violence; he was also at times mentally unstable. Partially in the hope of achieving peace, Henry married the ambitious and strong-willed Margaret of Anjou in 1445. The peace policy failed and the war recommenced with France taking the upper hand such that by 1453 Calais was Henry's only remaining territory on the continent.
With Henry effectively unfit to rule, Queen Margaret took advantage of the situation to make herself an effective power behind the throne. Starting around 1453 Henry began suffering a series of mental breakdowns and tensions mounted between Margaret and Richard of York, not only over control of the incapacitated king's government, but over the question of succession to the throne. Civil war broke out in 1459, leading to a long period of dynastic conflict, now known as the Wars of the Roses. Henry was deposed on 29th March 1461 after a crushing defeat at the Battle of Towton by Richard of York's son, who took the throne as Edward IV. Margaret continuing to resist Edward, but Henry was captured by Edward's forces in 1465 and imprisoned in the Tower of London.
Queen Margaret, who was first exiled in Scotland and then in France, was still determined to win back the throne on behalf of her husband and son. So, when Edward IV fell out with two of his main supporters, Richard Neville the Earl of Warwick and George the Duke of Clarence, Margaret formed a secret alliance with them backed by Louis XI of France. Warwick returned with an army to England, forced Edward IV into exile, and restored Henry VI to the throne on 30th October 1470, though Henry's position was nominal as Warwick and Clarence effectively ruled in his name.
But Henry's return to the throne lasted less than six months. Warwick overreached himself by declaring war on Burgundy, whose ruler responded by giving Edward IV the assistance he needed to win back his throne by force. Edward retook power in 1471, killing Warwick at the Battle of Barnet and Henry's only son at the Battle of Tewkesbury. Henry was again imprisoned in the Tower where, during the night of 21st May he died, possibly killed on Edward's orders.*Alex

CARDINAL WOLSEY
When Henry VIII became King of England in 1509 he appointed Thomas Wolsey to the post of Almoner, a position that gave him a seat on the Privy Council and an opportunity for establishing a personal rapport with the King to such an extent that by 1514 Wolsey had become the controlling figure in virtually all matters of state. In 1515, he was awarded the title Archbishop of York and this, followed by his appointment that same year as Cardinal by Pope Leo X, gave him precedence over all other English clerics. His ecclesiastical power advanced even further in 1523 when the Bishop of Durham, a post with wide political powers, was added to his titles.
After Wolsey attained the position of Lord Chancellor, the King's chief adviser, he had achieved more power than any other Crown servant in English history and during his fourteen years of chancellorship Wolsey, who was often alluded to as an alter rex (other king), used his power to neutralise the influence of anyone who might threaten his position..
In spite of having made many enemies, Cardinal Wolsey retained Henry VIII's confidence until, in 1527, the King decided to seek an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon so that he could marry Anne Boleyn. Henry asked Wolsey to negotiate the annulment with the Pope and in 1528 the Pope decided to allow two papal legates, Wolsey himself and Cardinal Campeggio, to decide the outcome in England. Wolsey was confident of the outcome, but Campeggio took a long time to arrive, and then he delayed proceedings so much, that the case had to be suspended and the Pope decided that the official decision should therefore be made in Rome and not in England.
After his failure to negotiate the annulment, Wolsey fell out of favour with Henry and in 1529 he was stripped of his government office and property, including the magnificent Palace of Hampton Court, which Henry took as his own main London residence.
Wolsey was however permitted to retain the title of Archbishop of York and so he travelled to Yorkshire, for the first time in his career, to carry out those duties.
Now that he was no longer protected by Henry, Wolsey's enemies, including it is rumoured, Ann Boleyn, conspired against him and Henry had him arrested and recalled to London to answer to charges of treason, one of those being that with 'pompous and preposterous mind, he had enterprised to join and imprint the Cardinal's hat under the King's arms on the King's coin of groats made in the city of York'. But Wolsey, now in great distress, fell ill on the journey back to the capital and at Leicester, on 29 November 1530, aged about 57, he died from natural causes before he could be beheaded.*Alex

Obv: IMP CONSTANTINVSPFAVG
Rev: IOVI CONSERVATORI AVG NN
B in R Field, Eagle at feet in L FieldTacitus

JAMES III
James III was crowned at Kelso Abbey in 1460 at the age of nine, he was the son of James II and Mary of Guelders. During his childhood, the government was led by successive factions until 1469 when he began to rule for himself. That same year he married Princess Margaret of Denmark. Margaret's father, King Christian I of Denmark and Norway was unable to raise the full amount of her dowry so pledged his lands and rights in Orkney and Shetland as security for the remainder. But Christian I was never able to redeem his pledge, and Orkney and Shetland have remained Scottish possessions ever since.
Soon after his marriage, James faced great difficulties in restoring a strong central government. His preference for the company of scholars, architects and artists coupled with his extravagance and partiality to favourites alienated him from the loyalty of his nobles. Even his own brothers, Alexander, Duke of Albany and John, Earl of Mar regarded him with jealousy verging on hatred. In 1479, James' brothers were arrested on suspicion of conspiring against the Crown. John Stewart, the Earl of Mar, died in suspicious circumstances, whilst Alexander Stewart, the Duke of Albany, escaped and fled to England.
The ever-present English threat had been temporarily solved by a truce with Edward IV in 1463 but James' estrangement from his brothers and a strong faction within the Scottish nobility led to the final loss of Berwick.
Although James had tried to settle his differences with Alexander, Duke of Albany, his brother again tried to take his throne in a coup after Edward IV recognised him as Alexander IV of Scotland in 1482. Some minor members of James III's household were hanged, including Robert Cochrane, the king's favourite. But James was removed to Edinburgh Castle where he survived and Alexander was exiled to France.
After his queen's death in 1486, James lived in increasing isolation amidst the growing resentment of the nobility. Finally, in 1488, the Scottish nobles seized James' eldest son, also called James, placed him at their head, and rose against the king. At the Battle of Sauchieburn, three miles from Stirling, James III, defeated, was thrown from his horse as he fled from the field. He was carried into a nearby cottage where he was set upon and stabbed to death.
James III was buried at Cambuskenneth Abbey near Stirling and his son, the figurehead of the revolt against him, was hailed as James IV.
*Alex

Philip II. AD 247-249. AR Antoninianus (22mm, 5.26 g, 12h). Ludi Saeculares (Secular Games) issue, commemorating the 1000th anniversary of Rome. Rome mint, 3rd officina. 9th emission, AD 248. Radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / Goat walking right; III. RIC IV 224 var. (goat left); RSC 72 var. (same). Toned. Good VF. Extremely rare variety, none in CoinArchives.
paul1888

Antonivs Protti

Antonivs Protti

Denomination: Follis
Era: 307-312 CE
Metal: AE
Obverse: IMP C MAXENTIVS P F AVG. Laureate head right.
Reverse: AETERNITAS AVG N / M OST Δ. Wolf and twins between the Dioscuri standing facing each other, their horses between
Mint: Ostia
Weight: 6.67g
Reference: RIC 16 (Ostia)
Provenance: Naumann Auction 101 lot 781
AEF.1 comments

EGYPT. Alexandria. Domitian, 81-96. Diobol
(25 mm, 7.42 g, 11 h),
Obv: RY 10 = 90/1. [ΑΥΤ] ΚΑΙϹΑΡ ΔΟΜΙΤ [ϹЄΒ ΓЄΡΜ] Laureate head of Domitian to right, with aegis on his left shoulder.
Rev: L I Agathodaemon serpent riding horse to right.
Dattari (Savio) 563. Emmett 276.10. K&G 24.110. RPC II 2584A.
Extremely rare. Somewhat porous and with light deposits, otherwise, good fine.
From a European collection, formed before 2005.
Leu Numismatic Web auction 17 Lot 2103 Sunday August 15, 2021

I was first made aware of this coin a few years ago. Ever since, I have trying to grab one when they come up at auctions. The problem is 2-fold. First, it is a rare type. If the attribution of RPC 2854A is correct, it is even rarer than RPC 2854 which is on its own a rare coin. RPC online has my coin as RPC 2854 but I am not sure they are correct. The presence or absence of Aegis on the bust seems to be the key factor in differentiating these types.

I have found that I am attracted to the Alexandrian bronzes struck for Domitian. So many of the Egyptian themed coins are interesting and are a real departure from the reverses of the imperial coinage from the same time period.

Rarity aside it is the reverse of this coin that really shines. A coin that depicts a snake riding a horse? Yes, I will take one of those please. The reverse is so interesting that there is more demand for this type than the current supply. I consider myself lucky to add this fascinating type to my collection.

From the auction description: “According to Emmett, the reverse of this interesting issue is connected to the grain harvest. The horse represents the continuous cycle of the seasons, while Agathodaemon ensures that the grain will sprout, thus ensuring Egypt's prosperity.”

3 commentsorfew

Philip I AD 244-249 Æ Sestertius (27x31mm, 15.79 g.)
Secular Games issue.
Rome mint, struck AD 249.
Obv. Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right.
Rev. SAECVLARES AVGG, she-wolf standing left, head right, suckling the twins Romulus and Remus.
RIC IV 159

Continuing the tradition of Claudius and Antoninus Pius before him, the celebration of the Secular Games at the end of every century since the founding of Rome culminated during the reign of Philip I, as the city celebrated her 1,000th anniversary in AD 248. The legends on these issues almost exclusively read Saeculares Augg, and feature a similar iconography from previous games, such as the she-wolf suckling the twins, the various wild beasts paraded through the amphitheater, and a cippus inscribed for the preservation of the memory of these events.2 commentspaul1888

Antonivs Protti

Quant.Geek

1 commentsQuant.Geek

Otacilia Severa, Augusta, February or March 244 - September or October 249 A.D.
|Otacilia| |Severa|, |Otacilia| |Severa,| |Augusta,| |February| |or| |March| |244| |-| |September| |or| |October| |249| |A.D.|, From the issue celebrating the 1000th anniversary of the founding of Rome. Celebrations included display of many exotic animals including, it seems, a hippopotamus.
RS76152. Silver antoninianus, RIC IV P116b, RSC IV 63, Hunter III 10, SRCV III 9160, Choice EF, near perfect centering and strike, much luster, excellent portrait, 4th officina, Rome mint, weight 4.040g, maximum diameter 22.6mm, die axis 180o, 248 A.D.; obverse OTACIL SEVERA AVG, draped bust right, wearing stephane, hair in horizontal ridges, plait up the back of head, crescent behind shoulders; reverse SAECVLARES AVGG (Secular games [provided by] the Emperors), hippopotamus standing right, IIII (4th officina) in exergue; Ex Forum Ancient Coinspaul1888

Philip I Arabs, 244-249. Dupondius 248, Rome, on the city's 1000th anniversary. Bust / cippus. RIC 162 C. 197 10.14 g. Dark brown patina, rare good Very nice
Ex auction Leu 10, 1974, 319 (hammer price: 1700 CHF).

While Claudius (47) and Antoninus Pius (147) used the founding date of 753 B.C. As a basis, Philippus Arabs assumed the Capitoline era, which began a year later. The boundary stone (cippus terminalis) is used in Roman iconography to mark the beginning and end.paul1888

Caracalla, RIC 311d, Date 213-217 AD, Silver Antoninianus Rome, VENVS VICTRIX (with Helmet)
Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus Caracalla
Antoninianus of the Roman Imperial Period 213/217 AD
Material: Silver
Diameter: 23mm
Weight: 5.19g
Mint: Rome
Reference: RIC IV Caracalla 311d var. (Rare, with Helmet)
Provenance: Ex Dr. Gernot Heinrich Collection

This ist the RIC 311d Version with Helmet under the shield. An fantastic Antoninianus with many details on obverse and reverse, fantastic Caracalla bust and a clear reverse Venus. Rare RIC, and more Rare in this condition.

Obverse:
You can see the right-facing bust of Caracalla with a radiant crown. The inscription reads: ANTONINVS PIVS AVG GERM for Antoninus Pius Augustus Germanicus.

Reverse:
The goddess Venus can be seen standing to the left, leaning on a shield. In her left hand she holds a Victoriola, in her right hand a spear. Standing, she leans on her shield and helmet. The inscription reads: VENVS VICTRIX for Venus Victrix (the victorious Venus).

Comments:
In ancient Rome, Venus Victrix is the form of the goddess Venus as victor or „as the one who brings victory“. Especially Pompeius Magnus celebrated his military successes in their honor. This was probably inspired by the armed Aphrodite (nikephoros carrying victory) who protected the Acropolis in certain eastern regions of ancient Greece. In Rome, the victorious Venus was mainly in the third century BC increasingly invoked in the wars against Carthage. Iulius Caesar traced the descent of his family and thus his own from Venus (Venus Genitrix). Pompey, as his adversary, identified his glorious destiny with Venus Victrix in order to claim Venus‘ protection in the secret rivalry. After his victory in the war against Mithridates in 55 BC Pompeius celebrated his triumph „de orbi universo“ (over the whole world) and had a temple built for the victorious Venus, which unfortunately has not been preserved. The sanctuary of Venus Victrix stood on the Capitol, which was probably built during the war against the Samnites. Her feast days were August 12 and October 9, with an annual sacrifice being made on the latter date. At the same time, homage was also paid to Victoria, who closely connected the Romans with Venus Victrix.

Associating this type of coin directly with a specific historical event in the reign of Caracalla is difficult. This Antoninianus is between 213 and 217 AD dated. He could therefore retrospectively refer to the victories in the Germania campaign in 213 AD relate to the battles in Dacia against the Carps in 214 AD refer to or anticipate „the-victorious“ Venus Victrix to refer to the coming eastern campaign against the Parthians.1 commentspaul1888

Roman Empire, Tiberius AD 14-37, AR denarius 3.63 grams, Obverse: Tiberius head right, Reverse: Livia Seated right. RIC(I) - 26, RSC-16, SR(I)-1763paul1888

PHILIP II (247-249). Antoninianus. Rome. Saecular Games/1000th Anniversary of Rome issue.

Obv: IMP PHILIPPVS AVG.
Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Rev: SAECVLARES AVGG / III.
Goat standing left.

RIC 224.paul1888

WESTERN ASIATIC CUNEIFORM TABLET, A LETTER FROM KARARIYA TO TARIDUM A SERVANT OF KING ILUNI
2ND MILLENNIUM B.C.
3 1/4 in. (110 grams, 82 mm).

A roughly rectangular clay tablet bearing dense rows of cuneiform text to both principal faces and to each of the four side edges; a letter from Karariya to Ṭaridum, probably a servant of Iluni, Karariya serves a foreign ruler (as indicated by the mention of the deity Hitti) who has just ascended the throne; he is of the same rank as Taridum, who considers him his brother: 'May Šamaš and Hitti preserve my brother alive forever!'; they deal with matters they have in common, a lawsuit to be tried by Karariya, and exchanges of goods between their two houses: 'There are no more wicks (?) for the lamps in my house (...). The wine from my stock is spent and we could not load the donkeys (with
wine) for you';1 commentsQuant.Geek

UR III CUNEIFORM TABLET FRAGMENT RELATING TO FOOD DISTRIBUTION
LATE 3RD MILLENNIUM B.C.
2 5/8 in. (82 grams, 67 mm).

A fragment of a pillow-shaped ceramic tablet with neatly impressed columns of cuneiform text, accounting of Ur III food distribution,
representing wages.

LITERATURE:
Cf. Liverani, M., Antico Oriente, Storia, societa' ed economia, Roma, 1988, pp.608-609, fig.111, for type.Quant.Geek

UR III CUNEIFORM TABLET FRAGMENT, A NOTE ON A QUANTITY OF BARLEY
2ND MILLENNIUM B.C.
1 1/2 in. (23 grams, 39 mm).

A clay tablet bearing cuneiform text to one face, roughly lentoid in cross-section, a note on a quantity of barley, possibly Paleo-BabylonianQuant.Geek

BOEOTIA Federal coinage Drachm (AR; 17-19mm; 5.48g) c. 304-294 bc. Boeotian shield. Rev. Δ – I Amphora and above pellet within incuse square.
BCD Boeotia 69; Head p. 57; McClean p. 314, 5513; SNG Delepierre 1298; SNG Lockett 1775; Traité III p. 267, 287 and pl. 202.26; Weber p. 317, 3328 and pl. 125.
Ex Gemini VI, New York Sunday, January 10, 2010, lot 113.
Ex: CNG Electronic Auction 148, September 20, 2006, lot 12, BCD collection.
Ex KURPFÄLZISCHE MÜNZHANDLUNG, Mannheim, Germany
1984: no 27, 12 Dec.
Ex: Numismatic Fine Arts, Inc., Publication No. 12, January-February 1979, Lot 271 commentspaul1888

Otacilia Severa (AD 244-249) Æ AS / Column

Title: Otacilia Severa (AD 244-249) Æ AS / Column
Attribution: RIC IV 202b Rome
Date: AD 248-249
Obverse: MARCIA OTACIL SEVERA AVG, diademed, draped bust right
Reverse: SAECVLARES AVGG, column, S-C across fields
Size: 25.66mm
Weight: 9.53 grams
Description: VF. Part of the Ludi Saeculares (Secular Games) coinage which commemorated the 1000th anniversary of Rome (April 21, 248).paul1888

Persian Empire, Lydia, Anatolia, Xerxes I - Darius II, c. 485 - 420 B.C. Silver siglos, Carradice Type IIIa variety without pellets, Carradice NC 1998, pl. 8, 5 - 16; or underweight Carradice IIIb, Choice gVF, attractive surfaces, flow lines, bankers mark on edge, Sardes (Sart, Turkey) mint, weight 5.403g, maximum diameter 14.8mm, c. 485 - 420 B.C.; obverse kneeling-running figure of the Great King right, transverse spear downward in right hand, bow in extended left hand, bearded, crowned; reverse irregular rectangular punch; from the CEB Collection; ex Numismatic Fine Arts winter sale (Dec 1987), lot 371
Ex: Forum Ancient Coins.
Persian Lydia, Persian Empire, Lydia, Anatolia, Xerxes I - Darius II, c. 485 - 420 B.C., Carradice Type III was initially issued with the same weight standard as earlier sigloi, Type IIIa, c. 5.30 - 5.39 g. Carradice NC 1998 lists 12 examples of sigloi in the Type IIIa style but without pellets behind the beard. There may have been two mints, one issuing with the two pellets and one without. Or possibly all light weight examples without pellets are simply underweight examples of the Type IIIb, issued after c. 485 B.C. on a heavier standard, c. 5.55 - 5.60 g.1 commentspaul1888

Philip I. AD 244-249. Æ Sestertius (28mm, 20.93 g, 12h). Ludi Saeculares (Secular Games) issue, commemorating the 1000th anniversary of Rome. Rome mint, 5th officina. 9th emission, AD 248. Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / SAECVLARES AVGG, stag walking right. RIC IV 160a; Banti 49.

Ex Gorny & Mosch 225 (14 October 2014), lot 2279.
paul1888

ROMAN EMPIRE: Severus Alexander, AD 222-235, AR Denarius (19mm, 3.27g), Rome Mint, AD 232. Obverse: IMP ALEXANDER PIVS AVG; laureate and draped bust of Severus Alexander to right. Reverse: MARS VLTOR; Mars advancing right, holding spear in his right hand and shield in his left. BMC 837. Cohen 161. RIC 246. Ex: Naumann Auktion 111, 04.12.2021, lot 873.1 commentspaul1888

Philip I Arabs, 244 - 249 AD AE Sestertius ø 31mm (15.86g). 248 AD Mzst. Rome. Issue for the 1000th anniversary of Rome. Obv.: IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG, draped armored bust with laurel wreath to the right. Rev.: SAECVLARES AVGG / S - C, Cippus, on top COS / III. RIC 162a; C. 195.1 commentspaul1888

ISLANDS off THRACE, Thasos. Circa 90-75 BC. AR Tetradrachm (31mm, 16.63 g, 12h). “Imitative” series. Head of young Dionysos right, wearing ivy wreath / Herakles standing facing, head left, holding club in right hand, lion skin draped over left arm; monogram to inner left. Prokopov, Silberprägung, Group XII, 633 (V AC1/R 518); Le Rider, Thasiennes 52; HGC 6, 359. Toned, light deposits. VF.

From the Don T. Hayes Collection.
CNG 546 lot 56.Britanikus

Philip II AD 247-249. AE Sestertius Ludi Saeculares (Secular Games)/1000th Anniversary of Rome issue. Rome

IMP M IV[L PHILIPPV]S AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / SAEC[VLARES] AVGG, Goat or Elk advancing left; S C in exergue.

RIC 264a.
30 mm, 16,13 g paul1888

*Alex

Roman Empire. Otacilia Severa 249 AD, wife of Philip I Arab. AE As 248 AD, Rome mint. Ludi Saeculares (Secular Games) issue, commemorating the 1000th anniversary of Rome. RIC 202b, Bronze 24 mm, weight 8,96 g. Condition Good VF, beautiful green patina with glassy
Obv: Draped bust right, wearing stephane / Rev: SAECVLARES AVGG, S C across field, cippuspaul1888

JUSTINIAN I, AR 250 Nummi, struck 540 - 542 at RavennaObverse: D N IVSTINIANVS P P AVG. Diademed bust of Justinian I, wearing imperial mantle, facing right.
Reverse: Large CN (= 250 Nummi) within wreath.
Diameter: 14mm | Weight: 1.07gms | Die Axis: 6
SBCV: 313 | DOC: 334a
RARE

The Ravenna mint was active from the conquest of the city by Belisarius in 540 until the fall of the Exarchate of Ravenna to the Lombards in 751.3 comments*Alex

JUSTINIAN I, AR 120 Nummi, struck 552 - 565 at Rome or RavennaObverse: D N IVSTINIANVS P P AVG Diademed bust of Justinian I facing right, wearing robe ornamented with a row of pellets.
Reverse: Large P•K enclosed within wreath.
Diameter: 11mm | Weight: 0.67gms | Die Axis: 6
SBCV: 317 (Rome) | DOC: 336.3 (Ravenna) | MIB: 76 (Rome) | Ranieri: 355 (Ravenna)
Very Rare

In 552 the Byzantine general Narses crossed the Apennines with an army of around 25,000 men and marched on Rome only to find himself blocked by a Gothic force, under their king Totila, near Taginae in central Italy. However, Narses deployed his army in the form of a crescent in a narrow mountain valley with his dismounted cavalry mercenaries placed as a phalanx in the centre and his flanks protected by a mixed force of archers he had sent to seize the dominant heights. The Goths opened the battle with a determined cavalry charge but were halted by the enfilading fire from both sides and fell back in disarray on to the Byzantine infantry which had curved round behind them. The Byzantine cataphracts then swept into the confused Gothic mass and more than 6,000 Goths, including their leader Totila, were killed. The remnants of the Gothic army fled and Narses proceeded to Rome, capturing the city after a brief siege. The following year Narses ambushed a combined Gothic force under King Teia and his brother Aligern. The Gothic force was crushed in a hopeless last stand south of Naples, Teia was killed in the fighting and, though Aligern escaped the battle, he surrendered a few months later, so ending the Ostrogothic Kingdom in Italy after 60 years of rule.3 comments*Alex

Annie Galeria Faustina II Obverse: FAVSTINA AVGVSTA, draped bust right hair in bun.
Reverse: Juno seated left holding patera in the right hand and a traverse rod in the left.
26.5 mm., 11.1 g.
Sold 5-2018
NORMAN K

JUSTINIAN I, AR Anonymous Half-Siliqua, struck c.530 at ConstantinopleObverse: No legend. Helmeted and draped bust of Constantinopolis facing right.
Reverse: Large K (Kappa) within pelleted circle.
Diameter: 15mm | Weight: 0.7gms | Die Axis: 12
Bendall, Anonymous, 8c. | Vagi 3051
Not in SBCV or DOC

The issue of this particular coin has been tentatively dated, based on style, to around 530 and struck in connection with the bicentennial of the founding of Constantinople.
According to the late Simon Bendall, type 8c is the commonest of all the anonymous types, the majority being quite crude, very light and obviously of sixth century date.
These issues are a copy of a type issued by Constantine I for the foundation of Constantinople in 330, but with the bust of Constantinopolis facing right rather than facing left as it did on Constantine's coin. There seems little doubt that the type was originally resuscitated by Justinian I on the anniversary of the 330 issue, presumably c.530. However, as the overall type is commoner than any sixth century silver coin bearing an imperial portrait, and is of varying degenerative styles and weights (the smallest specimens being the crudest) it would appear that some numbers of them must have continued to have been struck after 530, perhaps even as much as 50 or so years after. A number of theories have been put forward regarding the dating of these but, due to the scant archaeological, epigraphical and hoard evidence presently available, the exact date or dates of issue of individual coins of this type has so far proved to be inconclusive.
6 comments*Alex

JUSTINIAN I, AR Anonymous Third-Siliqua, struck after 530 at ConstantinopleObverse: No legend. Helmeted and draped bust of Roma, seen from front, facing right.
Reverse: Large P (Rho) within pelleted circle.
Diameter: 10mm | Weight: 0.63gms | Die Axis: 2
Cf. Bendall, Anonymous, 7,15.
Not in SBCV or DOC
Very Rare

Bendall observed that the issue which he designated as Type 7 could hardly be an issue of 330 as it is stylistically quite unlike his Type 2 issue, but it is far superior to Type 9 (and with a different reverse). Thus he thought it might possibly have been a rare commemorative issue which, along with Type 8a, was struck for the centennial of the foundation of Constantinople in c.430. However, the style and lower weight of this particular coin suggests it was probably struck at a later date than 430. This could be in accordance with the similar example of Bendall's type 8, which he breaks into two subtypes, 8a and 8b, struck circa 430 and 530, respectively. It is possible that this coin may represent a hitherto unrecorded reissue of Bendall's type 7, struck around the same time as the revival of his type 8, arguably to celebrate Justinian’s re-conquest of Rome from Ostrogothic occupation in December 536. The rarity of this enigmatic coin would seem to suggest that this issue was likely struck on only one occasion, possibly in late 536 to 537.
*Alex

Time of Alexander I, AR Hemiobol, struck 470 - 460 BC at Argilos in MacedoniaObverse: No legend. Forepart of Pegasos facing left.
Reverse: No legend. Quadripartite granulated incuse square.
Diameter: 8.78mm | Weight: 0.20gms | Die Axis: Uncertain
Liampi 118 | SNG - | GCV -
Rare

Argilos was a city of ancient Macedonia founded by a colony of Greeks from Andros. Although little information is known about the city until about 480 BC, the literary tradition dates the foundation to around 655/654 BC which makes Argilos the earliest Greek colony on the Thracian coast. It appears from Herodotus to have been a little to the right of the route the army of Xerxes I took during its invasion of Greece in 480 BC in the Greco-Persian Wars. Its territory must have extended as far as the right bank of the Strymona, since the mountain of Kerdylion belonged to the city.
Argilos benefited from the trading activities along the Strymona and probably also from the gold mines of the Pangeion. Ancient authors rarely mention the site, but nevertheless shed some light on the important periods of its history. In the last quarter of the 6th century BC, Argilos founded two colonies, Tragilos, in the Thracian heartland, and Kerdilion, a few kilometers to the east of the city.
Alexander I was the ruler of the ancient kingdom of Macedonia from c.498 BC until his death in 454 BC. Alexander came to the throne during the era of the kingdom's vassalage to Persia, dating back to the time of his father, Amyntas I. Although Macedonia retained a broad scope of autonomy, in 492 BC it was made a fully subordinate part of the Persian Empire. Alexander I acted as a representative of the Persian governor Mardonius during peace negotiations after the Persian defeat at the Battle of Salamis in 480 BC. From the time of Mardonius' conquest of Macedonia, Herodotus disparagingly refers to Alexander I as “hyparchos”, meaning viceroy. However, despite his cooperation with Persia, Alexander frequently gave supplies and advice to the Greek city states, and warned them of the Persian plans before the Battle of Plataea in 479 BC. After their defeat at Plataea, when the Persian army under the command of Artabazus tried to retreat all the way back to Asia Minor, most of the 43,000 survivors of the battle were attacked and killed by the forces of Alexander at the estuary of the Strymona river.
Alexander regained Macedonian independence after the end of the Persian Wars and was given the title "philhellene" by the Athenians, a title used for Greek patriots.
After the Persian defeat, Argilos became a member of the first Athenian confederation but the foundation of Amphipolis in 437 BC, which took control of the trade along the Strymona, brought an end to this. Thucydides tells us that some Argilians took part in this foundation but that the relations between the two cities quickly deteriorated and, during the Peloponnesian war, the Argilians joined with the Spartan general Brasidas to attack Amphipolis. An inscription from the temple of Asklepios in Epidauros attests that Argilos was an independent city during the 4th century.
Like other colonies in the area, Argilos was conquered by the Macedonian king Philip II in 357 B.C. Historians believe that the city was then abandoned and, though excavations have brought to light an important agricultural settlement on the acropolis dated to the years 350-200 BC, no Roman or Byzantine ruins have been uncovered there.1 comments*Alex

2nd - 1st Century BC, IRON AGE BRITAIN, Tribe: Durotriges, Base AR Stater, Struck c.40 BCObverse: No legend. Abstract head of Apollo made up of pellets and lines.
Reverse: No legend. Crude disjointed horse with three tails standing facing left, large group of pellets and “coffee bean” symbol above, single pellet below.
One of a small group of coins found west of Cheriton, south east of Winchester.
Diameter: 19mm | Weight: 2.89gms | Axis: Unclear
Spink: 366

THE DUROTRIGES
The Durotriges were one of the Celtic tribes living in Britain prior to the Roman invasion. They were one of the groups that issued coinage before the Roman conquest. Their coins were abstract and simple and had no inscriptions, so no names of any issuers or rulers are known. Nevertheless, the Durotriges presented a settled society, based in the farming of lands surrounded by hill forts, the majority of which seem to have gone out of use by 100 BC, long before the arrival of the Romans in 43 or 44 AD. Constructed initially around 600 BC, the Durotriges ultimately occupied the largest hill fort in Britain, Maiden Castle, which encloses some 19 hectares (47 acres). Around 100 BC though, for some reason habitation at the hill fort went into decline and became concentrated at the eastern end of the site. Maiden Castle appears to have been abandoned after the Roman conquest of Britain although the Romans later built a small temple on the site.
The tribe lived in an area centred on Dorset, south Wiltshire, south Somerset and Devon east of the River Axe. Their territory was bordered to the west by the Dumnonii; and to the north east by the Belgae. The area controlled by the Durotriges is identified in part by coin finds, few Durotrigan coins are found in the south eastern tribal areas, so it would appear unlikely that they were acceptable there. A recent coin hoard found on the Isle of Wight, however, would seem to indicate that the Durotriges might have had some influence at least over the western half of the island.
The Durotriges' main outlet for trade across the Channel, strong in the first half of the 1st century BC before drying up in the decades prior to the arrival of the Romans, was at Hengistbury Head. The numismatic evidence indicates a progressive debasing of the coinage suggesting economic difficulties in conjunction with their declining trade.

CLICK ON IMAGE BELOW TO ENLARGE IT

*Alex

Constantine I "The Great" 306-337 CE Constantine I, AE 3, 16 mm, 2.2 g. RIC VII 350
Obverse: CONSTANTI-NVS MAX AVG, rosette- diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right.
Reverse: GLOR-IA EXERC-ITVS, two soldiers holding spears and shields with two standards between them, dot on banners.
Mintmark R wreath P. Rome mintNORMAN K

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