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coin616.jpg
Bruttium, Lokroi Epizephyrioi
300-268 BC 5.27 g (1942) SNG Danish National Museum
1874 4.92 g (1975) SNG ANS 3 543
AE18 of Locri (Locroi Epizephyrii), 290-270 BC or later
Obv. hd Athena, wearing Corinthian helmet
Rev.winged thunderbolt, LOKRWNCoin #616
cars100
Deutschland_Medaille_1982_U-Boot_U_2540_Museum_Bremerhaven.jpg
Deutschland

Bremerhaven

Medaille 1982 (Kupfer-Nickel)

auf das Technikmuseum U-Boot Wilhelm Bauer e.v.

Vs.: U-Boot

Rs.: Elefant

Gewicht: 19,0g

Durchmesser: 37mm

Erhaltung: vorzüglich-stempelglanz _798
Antonivs Protti
IMG_3400.jpeg
Macedonian Kingdom. Perseus. 179-168 B.C. AR drachm. ca. 171/0 B.C. Aristokrates, magistrate.
Macedonian Kingdom. Perseus. 179-168 B.C. AR drachm (15 mm, 2.60 g, 12 h). ca. 171/0 B.C. Aristokrates, magistrate. Head of Helios facing slightly right / P-O, rose with bud to left; in left field, club; above, magistrate's name: [ΑΡΙ]ΣΤΟΚΡΑΤΗΣ. R. J. H. Ashton, ""Clubs, Thunderbolts, Torches, Stars and Caducei: more Pseudo-Rhodian Drachms from Mainland Greece and the Islands,"" NC 162 (2002), 17 (A6/P5; this coin). Toned. Very fine.
Ex: TRISKELES AUCTIONS 326 ON VAUCTIONS
LOT 48, 29 Sep 2017; Ex Naville V (18 June 1923), 2669. Ex: British Museum

The Pseudo-Rhodian drachms were struck, probably by the Macedonians under Perseus but possibly by the Romans, to pay for Mercenaries from Crete and Rhodes who would have been familiar with Rhodian coinage. The coins in the name of the magistrate Aristokrates with the club symbol in the field is the largest known individual issue of pseudo-Rhodian drachms from the Third Macedonian War, and used at least twenty-nine obverse dies.
1 commentspaul1888
IMG_3456.jpeg
Greek Coins
Pangaean District, Eion. Trihemiobol; Pangaean District, Eion; 5th Century BC, Trihemiobol, 0.77g. Cf. SNG ANS-287 (H behind goose's feet) and 291 (H right of goose's neck). Obv: Goose standing r., head turned back, lizard above, H (faint) before goose's feet. Rx: Four-part incuse square. Ex Morton and Eden/Sotheby 51, A Collection of Exceptional Greek Coins, 24 October 2011, lot 97; ex NFA VIII, 6 June 1980, lot 97. Formerly in the collection of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, Boston Catalogue (1955), 610; acquired by Boston as part of the Edward Perry Warren Collection, Regling, Sammlung Warren (1906), 569; obtained by Warren as part of the Canon Greenwell Collection in 1901.
paul1888
IMG_3773.jpeg
Apulian Black Glaze Lekythos. Ex Toledo Museum of Art 1912, ca. Late 4th Century BC. With a slightly rounded body, notched foot, and slender neck flaring to a wide flat lip. Single handle joining the neck and body. Ex Professor George N. Olcott, Columbia University, 189901912 (Olcott collection no. S 1672 and T-13); purchased from estate of Prof. Olcott, through his widow Zita Olcott, by Toledo Museum of Art in 1912, Accession no. 1912.1237. H. 7 5/8" (19.4 cm)..
4 commentspaul1888
Vespasian_Judea_Den_RIC_2-sm2.jpg
10 Vespasian Denarius, 69-70 Judea CaptaVespasian. A.D. 69-79. AR denarius (17.1 mm, 2.86 g, 6 h). Rome, A.D. 69-70. Ex-Hebrew College Museum. IMP CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVG, laureate head right / IVDAEA, captive Jewess seated right, hands tied before, trophy of captured arms behind. RIC 2; BMCRE 35; RSC 226. Fine, toned.
Ex-Hebrew College Museum.
Ex Agora Auctions #1 - Nov 2013
2 commentsSosius
Constantine_II_Killingholme_Hoard_(1993).JPG
317 - 337, CONSTANTINE II as Caesar, AE3 struck 321 at Londinium (London), EnglandObverse: CONSTANTINVS IVN N C. Radiate and cuirassed bust of Constantine II facing left.
Reverse: BEATA TRANQVILLITAS. Altar, inscribed VOT IS XX in three lines, surmounted by cosmic globe with three stars above; across field, P - A; in exergue, PLON.
Diameter: 20mm | Weight: 2.9gms | Die Axis: 6h
RIC VII : 219
Rare
Ex Killingholme Hoard (1993)

Claudius Constantinus was the eldest son of Constantine and Fausta, he was given the rank of Caesar in A.D.316, at the same time as Crispus and Licinius II.
This coin was struck in connection with the fifteenth anniversary of Constantine II's father, Constantine the great.


THE KILLINGHOLME HOARD
The Killingholme Hoard was discovered in a field between Killingholme and Habrough on the south bank of the Humber Estuary by a pair of metal detectorists in the Autumn of 1993.
The initial coins of the hoard were surface finds, many of which were found before the hoard itself was discovered. In total, there were 1504 coins found in the topsoil, and another 2753 found buried in a single clay pot.
The top of the pot had been cut off by ploughing, which had caused a large number of coins to be scattered around the field. Nevertheless, the remains of the pot were found when the coins packed in it were detected. The pot had a diameter of about 20cm and within it were thousands of coins.
One of the finders reported that the coins appeared to have been carefully arranged inside the pot, and seemed to produce a spiralling pattern. Unfortunately, the coins were emptied into a bath for cleaning so any chance of researching this arrangement was lost forever.
The coins that constituted the hoard were bronze reduced folles, most of which were struck between the 320s and the early 330s, during the time of the emperor Constantine. Though the coins came from several mints in the Western part of the Roman Empire, most of them were from the London mint. It is thought that the hoard was probably deposited around 333/334 AD.
Because, in 1993, base metal coins were not counted as treasure, the coins were returned to the finders who sent the bulk of the coins to be auctioned off by Spink of London. Fortunately, prior to being sold, the coins were recorded by the British Museum which acquired for itself 86 coins from the hoard.
After the recordings were completed, though the finders kept a few coins for themselves, the remainder of the coins were sold off in batches. It has been rumoured that many of these coins went to the Italian luxury goods producer Bulgari, who used them to make jewellery.
Such a process would not be permitted in England today as, following the enactment of the Treasure Act in 1996, the Killingholme Hoard would now fulfil the criteria for "treasure" as outlined by the Act.

CONTEMPORARY PHOTO OF THE KILLINGHOLM HOARD, CLICK ON THUMBNAIL TO ENLARGE IT
*Alex
rjb_2014_07_04.jpg
435bisCarausius 287-93AD
AE Antoninianus
Obv: "IMP C CARAVSIVS AVG"
Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev: "VIRTVS AVG"
Emperor standing left holding globe and vertical sceptre
Colchester mint
S/P//C
RIC -
Another example of this reverse noted in the Ashmolean Museum collection
1 commentsmauseus
rjb_2009_10_13.jpg
835cfCarausius 287-93AD
Antoninianus
Obv "VICTORIA CARAVSI A"
Radiate, cuirassed bust right with spear & shield
Rev "LITiTI AV"
Laetitia/Pax stg left with vertical sceptre
Unmarked mint
RIC - (cf 835ff, also see RIC 786 for similar obverse)

Obverse die duplicate of two coins in the British Museum, one from the Little Orme hoard (no mintmark in exergue) the other with RSR in the exergue
mauseus
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GAUL, Lugdunum (?)
PB Tessera (14mm, 2.13 g)
CPF, palm frond below
Blank
Cf. Turcan 221, 225-6, and others.

Found in Southern Spain.

This struck piece shares its general engraving style and palm frond motif with a number of specimens in the museum of Lyons. Perhaps, considering its Spanish provenance, the type saw circulation along the coast of the western Mediterranean.
Ardatirion
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ROME
PB Tessera (19mm, 3.47 g, 9h)
Roma seated right, holding Victory and spear
G P R F (Genio Populi Romani Feliciter) in circle
Rostovtzev 1576; BM 369

Rostovtsev cites two examples in the British Museum, as well as five more in smaller collections. Thornton could only locate one specimen.
Ardatirion
00033x00~1.jpg
IONIA, Ephesos.
PB Tessera (20mm, 5.41 g)
Oleiculture scene: male figure standing right, holding stick and knocking olives from tree to right; star and crescent between; behind, stag(?) standing left; [...]POV above
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç –

Scenes of the olive harvest are entirely unknown on coinage, but some mosaics and Greek vases illustrate the practice. See in particular an Attic black figure neck amphora in the British Museum (ABV, 273, 116) depicting two men using sticks to knock olives from a tree.
1 commentsArdatirion
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UNITED STATES, Native proto-currency. Northern Pacific coast. 18th-early19th century
Shell “kop-kop” (29mm by 6mm, 0.38 g)
Tubular shell of the dentalium genus of mollusks
Robert Stearns, Ethno-conchology: A Study of Primitive Money p. 314-321

Ex Detroit Museum of Art

Kop-kops were smaller or damaged pieces of hi-qua shells and circulated as a fraction of the hi-qua. Use of this shell type as currency ranged from northern California to Alaska.
1 commentsArdatirion
00030x00.jpg
SCOTLAND, Communion Tokens. Dalziel. Robert Clason
Minister, circa 1786-1801
PB Token (20mm, 3.15 g)
Dated 1798
Dalzel/ R C/ 1798
Blank
Barzinski 1873; Brook -

Museum number in india ink on reverse: 5971730 (?)

Ex Lockdale's 83 (27 March 2011), lot 1112
2 commentsArdatirion
CnCorneliusLentulusMarcellinusARDenariusSear323.jpg
(503f) Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus Silver DenariusCn. Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus Silver Denarius, Sear-323, Cr-393/1a, Syd-752, RSC-Cornelia 54, struck 76-75 BC at Spanish Mint, 3.94 grams, 18 mm. EF. Obverse: GPR above Diademed, draped and bearded bust of the Genius of the Roman People facing right, sceptre over shoulder; Reverse: EX in left field, SC in right field; CN LEN Q in exergue, Sceptre with wreath, terrestrial globe and rudder. An exceptional example that is especially well centered and struck on a slightly larger flan than normally encountered with fully lustrous surfaces and a most attractive irridescent antique toning. Held back from the Superb EF/FDC by a small banker's mark in the right obverse field, but still worthy of the finest collection of Roman Republican denarii. Ex Glenn Woods.

Re: CORNELIA 54:

“Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus may be the same moneyer whose issues have been already described (no.s 702-704). Mommsen suggested that these coins were struck in 74 B.C. as a special issue, authorized by the Senate, to defray the cost of armaments against Mithridates of Pontus and the Mediterranean pirates. But Grueber’s view that they were struck in 76 B.C. by Cn. Cornelius Lentulus acting in the capacity of quaestor of Pompey, seems more in accordance with the evidence of finds" (see: G. ii, p. 359n and The Coinage of the Roman Republic, by Edward A. Sydenham, 1976, pgs. 1).

H. A. Seaby shows the coin with the smaller head (Roman Silver Coins Vol. I, Republic to Augustus pg. 33) while David R Sear shows a coin sporting a larger version (Roman Coins and Their Values, pg. 132).

“Cn. Lentulus strikes in Spain in his capacity as quaestor to the proconsul Pompey, who had been sent to the peninsula to assist Q. Caecillus Metellus Piusagainst sertorius”(Roman Coins and Their Values, by David Sear, Vol.1, 2000, pg. 132).

This is not an imperatorial minted coin for Pompey. At the time these coins were minted the Procounsel Pompey was sent to Spain to aid in the war against Sertorius. The moneyer Cn Lentulus served as his Quaestor where he continued to mint coins for Rome.

CN = Cneaus; LEN = Lentulus

Cneaus was his first name. His last, or family name is Lentulus and this clan is a lesser clan within the Cornelii, which is what his middle name of Cornelius implies.

Q = This tells us that he was a Quaestor, or Roman magistrate with judicial powers at the time when the coin was issued, with the responsibility for the treasury. Had this been a position that he once held it would be noted on the coin as PROQ or pro [past] Questor.

For Further Reading on the Cornelia 54 & 55:

Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum, by H. A. Grueber. London, 1910, Vol. II, pgs. 358, 359, 52, 57

Roman Silver Coins Vol. I, Republic to Augustus, by H.A.Seaby 1952, pgs. 32-33

The Coinage of the Roman Republic, by Edward A. Sydenham, 1976, pgs. 122, 241

Roman Coins and Their Values, by David Sear, Vol.1, 2000, pg. 132, 133

Roman Republican Coinage Volume I by Michael H. Crawford 2001, pg. 407

by Jerry Edward Cornelius, April 2006, THE 81 ROMAN COINS OF THE CORNELIA
http://www.cornelius93.com/Cornelia54.html
1 commentsCleisthenes
RI_064an_img.jpg
064 - Septimius Severus denarius - O9 - RIC -Obv:– IMP CA L SE SEV PER AG COS II, Laureate head right
Rev:– FORT REDVC, Fortuna standing left, holding long scepter & cornucopia
Minted in Emesa, A.D. 194
References:– RIC -. BMCRE -. RSC -.

3.17g, 18.54mm, 0o

This is an unusual legend with several spelling errors. It is an obverse die match to a coin in the Doug Smith collection (different reverse type). A reverse die match exists in the British Museum (different obverse die).
maridvnvm
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064 - Septimius Severus denarius - RIC -Obv:- IMP CAE L SEP SEV PERT AVG, Laureate head right
Rev:- TR P IIII IMP II COS II, Mars standing right, resting on spear and shield
Minted in Alexandria, A.D. 194
References:- BMCRE -, RIC -, RSC -. RIN (Rivista Italiana di Nvmismatica Vol. XCVI (1994/1995)

2.72g. 17.78mm. 0o

Additional information from Curtis Clay:-
"Die match to example in British Museum, found at the site of a Roman villa in Kent, GB, in 1952. The same obv. die also occurs with the types MONETA AVG and LEG III IT AVG TR P COS.
Bickford-Smith recorded three other specimens, of which I also have plaster casts: his own coll. (probably now in BM), Klosterneuburg, and U.S. private collection. On these the rev. legend apparently ends COS rather than COS II.
This type was clearly struck in 194, when Septimius was TR P II and IMP III or IIII, so TR P IIII IMP II in the rev. legend is an error, the origin of which is obvious: the type is a rote copy of the identical type and legend on denarii of Lucius Verus of 164, Cohen 228-9. The titles apply to Lucius in 164, not Septimius in 194!"
maridvnvm
RI_064ss_img.jpg
064 - Septimius Severus Denarius - RIC 019Denarius
Obv:- IMP CAE L SEP-T SEV PERT AVG. Laureate head right
Rev:- SAEC FRVGIF COS, Saeculum Frugiferum., radiate, standing left, holding winged caduceus and trident
Minted in Rome. A.D. 193
Reference:- BMCRE -. RIC IV 19 (Rated Rare); RSC 622.

About 8 examples from 2 reverse dies known to Curtis Clay. This example from a different reverse die to the British Museum example.
maridvnvm
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067a. Proculus (?)Possible Usurper ca. 280 - 281

A possible usurper in Gaul. Although a figure by that name is mentioned in passing by a couple ancient historians, the principal source is the Historia Augusta, which is notoriously unreliable. There are two coins attributed to him, with a possible third recently noted. The British Museum has not accepted any of these coins as being authentic, so the question remains unresolved. For a thorough discussion of Proculus, see the Forum discussion board. This also contains links to two excellent articles by Mark Fox on the coins.
lawrence c
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0680 Hadrian Sestertius Roma 119-23 AD Spes Reference.
Strack 576; RIC II, 612b; Banti 595; RIC 680

Bust B1 crop

Obv. IMP CAESAR TRAIAN HADRIANVS AVG
Laureate, cuirassed bust cropped of its pteryges (thunderbolt on leather strap)


Rev. P M TR P COS III S C
Spes advancing left, holding flower and hitching robe

28.15 gr
33 mm
6h

From the J. Eric Engstrom Collection. Ex Lepczyk 61 (13 March 1985), lot 365; Vatican Museum duplicate from St. John’s College Collection, no. 429.
2 commentsokidoki
Caracalla-Prieur-1144.jpg
07. Caracalla.Tetradrachm, 205-207 AD, Laodiceia ad Mare.
Obverse: AVT KAI . ANTΩNEINOC . CE . / Laureate bust of Caracalla.
Reverse: ΔHMAPX EΞ VΠATOC B / Eagle, holding wreath in beak, star between legs.
12.91 gm., 25 mm.
Bellinger #57; Prieur #1144.

When Caracalla went to the East to wage war with the Parthians, he issued vast quantities of tetradrachms to finance the activity. This coin, however, is not from that series; it was minted about 10 years earlier when Septimius Severus was still emperor. The main distinguishing feature of this coin is a bust of Caracalla as an adolescent, with just the beginnings of sideburns. It is a fairly scare type. For more information see "Severan Tetradrachms of Laodiceia" by R. G. McAlee in ANS Museum Notes #29 (1984), pages 43-59.

Prieur #1144 has the same obverse die as this coin. However, the reverse legend of #1144 has a Γ at the end of it. Prieur knew of only one example of this coin. Several years ago CNG had a coin from similar dies with the reverse legend ending in a B. Unfortunately, the last letter of the reverse legend on this coin is not real clear.
Callimachus
Constantine_I_half_argenteus.jpg
1. Constantine I (AD 307/310-337)Denomination: AR Half Argenteus
Date: AD 306-307
Obv: IMP CONSTANTINVS AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right, slight drapery on left shoulder.
Rev: VIRTVS MILITVM, four-turreted camp gate; no doors; PTR.
Diameter: 15mm
Weight: 1.6 grams
Mint: Trier mint, 1st officina
Ex Praefectus Coins
Ex Gorny & Mosch Auction 276 (19 April 2021), lot 645.
Ex Credit Suisse Bern Auction 4 (4 December 1985), lot 624.
Ex British Museum Collection
1 commentsRomancollector
rjb_car_1093_06_06.jpg
1093Carausius 287-93AD
Antoninianus
Obv “IMP CARAVSIVS PF AVG”
Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev “SALVS AVG”
Salus standing left feeding serpent rising from altar
London mint?
-/-//BRI
RIC 1093
The BRI coins are rare, Shiel (1977) listed only seven in total of both reverse types. This coin is a reverse die duplicate of Shiel 6, a specimen from the F Baldwin collection, the whereabouts are unknown today and was not in the 1969 sale of his collection, a cast of which is in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge. It appears to be a new obverse die for the series.

More information on the "BRI" coins of Carausius can be found here.
mauseus
RIC_---_A_036_No_001_112_Probus_AE-Ant_IMP-C-PROBVS-P-F-AVG-(3F)_FORTVNA-REDUX_XXI-T_RIC-V-II-695legendvar_Alf-36_No-01_Siscia_R_Q-001_0h_22,5mm_4,37g-s.jpg
112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), Siscia, Alföldi 0036.0001, -/-//XXIT, Bust B/F, RIC V-II Not in !, AE-Antoninianus, FORTVNA REDVX, Fortuna seated left on shield, Extremely Rare!!!112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), Siscia, Alföldi 0036.0001, -/-//XXIT, Bust B/F, RIC V-II Not in !, AE-Antoninianus, FORTVNA REDVX, Fortuna seated left on shield, Extremely Rare!!!
avers: IMP C PROBVS P F AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right. (This avers legend not listed in RIC from this type!!!)
reverse: FORTVNA REDUX, Fortuna seated left on shield, holding baton and cornucopiae.
exergue: -/-//XXIT, diameter: 22,5mm, weight: 4,37g, axis: 0h,
mint: Siscia, 4th. emission, date: 276 A.D. ref: RIC-V-II-Not in, (695var, p91, ???), Alföldi 0036.0001,
Q-001
"This is an extremely rare issue of Probus, which Pink attributes to the 4th emission of Siscia mint. It seems that RIC 695 is incorrectly described: IMP C M AVR PROBVS P F AVG, bust type G (radiate helmeted, cuirassed bust l, holding spear and shield), cited from Voetter.
However, Alföldi lists two examples with obverse legend IMP C PROBVS P F AVG: type 36/1 - Radiate, cuirassed bust right (specimen in Frankfurt) and type 36/2 - Radiate, cuirassed bust left (collection Missong, Vienna), in addition, another specimen of Alf 36/1 is kept in British Museum, coming from Gloucester hoard . All examples have -/-//XXIT mintmark. The same obverse is listed by Pink." by Incerum, thank you Incerum.
2 commentsquadrans
12th_Century_Talmud_Rear.jpg
12th Century Handwritten Vellum Leaf of the TalmudThis page of the Talmud predates publication of the first complete edition of the Talmud in 1540 by Daniel Bomberg. Bomberg employed rabbis, scholars, and apostates at his Venetian publishing house, and was responsible for the first Rabbinic Bible, as well as the first complete Babylonian and Jerusalem Talmuds. It was once customary for Jews to use old manuscripts as binding material for their newly printed and bound books. This piece is an example of that practice

Ex Living Torah Museum collection
Quant.Geek
12th_Century_Talmud_Front.jpg
12th Century Handwritten Vellum Leaf of the TalmudThis page of the Talmud predates publication of the first complete edition of the Talmud in 1540 by Daniel Bomberg. Bomberg employed rabbis, scholars, and apostates at his Venetian publishing house, and was responsible for the first Rabbinic Bible, as well as the first complete Babylonian and Jerusalem Talmuds. It was once customary for Jews to use old manuscripts as binding material for their newly printed and bound books. This piece is an example of that practice

Ex Living Torah Museum collection
Quant.Geek
Licin1AEFolJupiAlex.jpg
1308c, Licinius I, 308-324 A.D. (Alexandria)Licinius I, 308-324 A.D. AE Follis, 3.60g, VF, 315 A.D., Alexandria. Obverse: IMP C VAL LICIN LICINIVS P F AVG - Laureate head right; Reverse: IOVI CONS-ERVATORI AVGG - Jupiter standing left, holding Victory on a globe and scepter; exergue: ALE / (wreath) over "B" over "N." Ref: RIC VII, 10 (B = r2) Rare, page 705 - Hunterian Museum, Glasgow, Scotland.


De Imperatoribus Romanis : An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families

Licinius (308-324 A.D.)


Michael DiMaio, Jr.
Salve Regina University

Licinius' Heritage

Valerius Licinianus Licinius, more commonly known as Licinius, may have been born ca. 265. Of peasant origin, his family was from Dacia. A close friend and comrade of arms of the Emperor Galerius, he accompanied him on his Persian expedition in 297. When campaigns by Severus and Galerius in late 306 or early 307 and in the summer of 307, respectively, failed to dislodge Maxentius who, with the luke warm support of his father Maximianus Herculius, was acclaimed princeps on 28 October 306, he was sent by the eastern emperor to Maxentius as an ambassador; the diplomatic mission, however, failed because the usurper refused to submit to the authority of his father-in-law Galerius. At the Conference of Carnuntum which was held in October or November of 308, Licinius was made an Augustus on 11 November 308; his realm included Thrace, Illyricum, and Pannonia.

Licinius' Early Reign

Although Licinius was initially appointed by Galerius to replace Severus to end the revolt of Maxentius , Licinius (perhaps wisely) made no effort to move against the usurper. In fact, his first attested victory was against the Sarmatians probably in the late spring, but no later than the end of June in 310. When the Emperor Galerius died in 311, Licinius met Maximinus Daia at the Bosporus during the early summer of that year; they concluded a treaty and divided Galerius' realm between them. It was little more than a year later that the Emperor Constantine defeated Maxentius at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge on 28 October 312. After the defeat of the usurper, Constantine and Licinius met at Mediolanum (Milan) where Licinius married the former's sister Constantia; one child was born of this union: Valerius Licinianus Licinius. Licinius had another son, born of a slave woman, whose name is unknown. It appears that both emperors promulgated the so-called Edict of Milan, in which Constantine and Licinius granted Christians the freedom to practice their faith without any interference from the state.

As soon as he seems to have learned about the marital alliance between Licinius and Constantine and the death of Maxentius, who had been his ally, Daia traversed Asia Minor and, in April 313, he crossed the Bosporus and went to Byzantium, which he took from Licinius after an eleven day siege. On 30 April 313 the armies of both emperors clashed on the Campus Ergenus; in the ensuing battle Daia's forces were routed. A last ditch stand by Daia at the Cilician Gates failed; the eastern emperor subsequently died in the area of Tarsus probably in July or August 313. As soon as he arrived in Nicomedeia, Licinius promulgated the Edict of Milan. As soon as he had matters in Nicomedeia straightened out, Licinius campaigned against the Persians in the remaining part of 313 and the opening months of 314.

The First Civil War Between Licinius and Constantine

Once Licinius had defeated Maximinus Daia, the sole rulers of the Roman world were he and Constantine. It is obvious that the marriage of Licinius to Constantia was simply a union of convenience. In any case, there is evidence in the sources that both emperors were looking for an excuse to attack the other. The affair involving Bassianus (the husband of Constantius I's daughter Anastasia ), mentioned in the text of Anonymus Valesianus (5.14ff), may have sparked the falling out between the two emperors. In any case, Constantine' s forces joined battle with those of Licinius at Cibalae in Pannonia on 8 October 314. When the battle was over, Constantine prevailed; his victory, however, was Pyrrhic. Both emperors had been involved in exhausting military campaigns in the previous year and the months leading up to Cibalae and each of their realms had expanded so fast that their manpower reserves must have been stretched to the limit. Both men retreated to their own territory to lick their wounds. It may well be that the two emperors made an agreement, which has left no direct trace in the historical record, which would effectively restore the status quo.

Both emperors were variously engaged in different activities between 315 and 316. In addition to campaigning against the Germans while residing in Augusta Treverorum (Trier) in 315, Constantine dealt with aspects of the Donatist controversy; he also traveled to Rome where he celebrated his Decennalia. Licinius, possibly residing at Sirmium, was probably waging war against the Goths. Although not much else is known about Licinius' activities during this period, it is probable that he spent much of his time preparing for his impending war against Constantine; the latter,who spent the spring and summer of 316 in Augusta Treverorum, was probably doing much the same thing. In any case, by December 316, the western emperor was in Sardica with his army. Sometime between 1 December and 28 February 317, both emperors' armies joined battle on the Campus Ardiensis; as was the case in the previous engagement, Constantine' s forces were victorious. On 1 March 317, both sides agreed to a cessation of hostilities; possibly because of the intervention of his wife Constantia, Licinius was able to keep his throne, although he had to agree to the execution of his colleague Valens, who the eastern emperor had appointed as his colleague before the battle, as well as to cede some of his territory to his brother-in-law.

Licinius and the Christians

Although the historical record is not completely clear, Licinius seems to have campaigned against the Sarmatians in 318. He also appears to have been in Byzantium in the summer of 318 and later in June 323. Beyond these few facts, not much else is known about his residences until mid summer of 324. Although he and Constantine had issued the Edict of Milan in early 313, Licinius turned on the Christians in his realm seemingly in 320. The first law that Licinius issued prevented bishops from communicating with each other and from holding synods to discuss matters of interest to them. The second law prohibited men and women from attending services together and young girls from receiving instruction from their bishop or schools. When this law was issued, he also gave orders that Christians could hold services only outside of city walls. Additionally, he deprived officers in the army of their commissions if they did not sacrifice to the gods. Licinius may have been trying to incite Constantine to attack him. In any case, the growing tension between the two rulers is reflected in the consular Fasti of the period.

The Second Civil War Between Licinius and Constantine and Licinius' Death

War actually broke out in 321 when Constantine pursued some Sarmatians, who had been ravaging some territory in his realm, across the Danube. When he checked a similar invasion of the Goths, who were devastating Thrace, Licinius complained that Constantine had broken the treaty between them. Having assembled a fleet and army at Thessalonica, Constantine advanced toward Adrianople. Licinius engaged the forces of his brother-in-law near the banks of the Hebrus River on 3 July 324 where he was routed; with as many men as he could gather, he headed for his fleet which was in the Hellespont. Those of his soldiers who were not killed or put to flight, surrendered to the enemy. Licinius fled to Byzantium, where he was besieged by Constantine. Licinius' fleet, under the command of the admiral Abantus, was overcome by bad weather and by Constantine' s fleet which was under the command of his son Crispus. Hard pressed in Byzantium, Licinius abandoned the city to his rival and fled to Chalcedon in Bithynia. Leaving Martinianus, his former magister officiorum and now his co-ruler, to impede Constantine' s progress, Licinius regrouped his forces and engaged his enemy at Chrysopolis where he was again routed on 18 September 324. He fled to Nicomedeia which Constantine began to besiege. On the next day Licinius abdicated and was sent to Thessalonica, where he was kept under house arrest. Both Licinius and his associate were put to death by Constantine. Martinianus may have been put to death before the end of 324, whereas Licinius was not put to death until the spring of 325. Rumors circulated that Licinius had been put to death because he attempted another rebellion against Constantine.

Copyright (C) 1996, Michael DiMaio, Jr.
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.

Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.

Cleisthenes
14th_Century_Torah_Front.jpg
14th Century Handwritten Vellum Leaf of the Torah This page of the Talmud predates publication of the first complete edition of the Talmud in 1540 by Daniel Bomberg. Bomberg employed rabbis, scholars, and apostates at his Venetian publishing house, and was responsible for the first Rabbinic Bible, as well as the first complete Babylonian and Jerusalem Talmuds. It was once customary for Jews to use old manuscripts as binding material for their newly printed and bound books. This piece is an example of that practice.

Ex Living Torah Museum collection
Quant.Geek
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150 - Severus II - Follis - RIC VI London 59aObv:- SEVERVS NOBILISSIMVS CAES, Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev:- GENIO POPV-LI ROMANI, Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopia
Minted in London
Reference: RIC VI London 59a, LMCC 4.02.016
Weight: 8.1g
Diameter: 27.2mm

Part of a pot hoard found in Rauceby, UK in 2017. The hoard given the reference 2017 T649 by the British Museum who catalogued the hoard.

This coin given the hoard reference BM # 081
maridvnvm
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151 - Maximinus Daia - RIC VI London 59bObv:- MAXIMINVS NOBILISSIMVS CAES, Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev:- GENIO POPVLI ROMANI,
Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopia
Minted in London
Reference: RIC VI 59b, LMCC 4.03.024
Weight: 9.9g
Diameter: 28.2mm

Part of a pot hoard found in Rauceby, UK in 2017. The hoard given the reference 2017 T649 by the British Museum who catalogued the hoard.

This coin given the hoard reference BM#092
1 commentsmaridvnvm
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1795 AE Halfpenny, Cambridgeshire County.Obverse: INDUSTRY HAS IT’S SURE REWARD. Thirty-four bees swarming around a beehive set on a table.
Reverse: RULE BRITANNIA. Britannia facing left, seated on globe, her right hand holding spear, her left arm holding laurel-branch and resting on shield at her side; in exergue, 1795.
Edge: “BERSHAM BRADLEY WILLEY SNEDSHILL".
Diameter: 29mm
Dalton & Hamer: 14
SCARCE

The diesinker for this token was Thomas Wyon and it was manufactured by Peter Kempson at his works in Birmingham.

The edge inscription is a list of the four places where this token could be redeemed
Bersham was a small village now in the suburbs of the county borough of Wrexham. The village holds special importance for economic historians because it was one of the cradles of the Industrial Revolution. This is the place where British iron making began in 1670, where smelting iron ore with coke began in 1721, and where John Wilkinson, a pioneer of the Industrial Revolution, set up shop in 1761. For many years the area was one of the most important iron manufacturing centres in the world. The Bersham Ironworks Museum tells the story of the man who, among other things, bored cannon for the American War of Independence and cylinders for James Watt's revolutionary steam engine.
Bradley was a small hamlet in rural Shropshire, England. It was one of the old townships of Much Wenlock parish, where it was treated as a single township with the neighbouring township of Wyke (having a total of eight taxpayers in 1524). From the late 18th century the small settlement was eclipsed by new cottages built at Farley to the south-west.
Willey was a small parish on the edge of the east Shropshire coalfield, east of Much Wenlock. At various times coal and ironstone were mined and iron was smelted and worked on streams bordering the parish, but the industrial activity was not on a scale that altered the parish's essentially rural character. In the mid 19th century Willey was said to be a 'simple, prosperous village, almost feudal in its customs'.
Snedshill was situated on the Shropshire coalfield which developed rapidly during the second half of the 18th century when mining and ironmaking were established. In 1780 John Wilkinson built two new blast furnaces at Snedshill. The ironworks were brought into the Lilleshall Co in 1807. It closed in 1830, but soon reopened as a forge to make wrought iron. In 1855 a new Snedhill Bar Iron Co was founded and the firm rapidly became established as one of the country's leading wrought iron makers.
1 comments*Alex
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1795 AE Halfpenny, Portsmouth, Hampshire.Obverse: IOHN HOWARD F.R.S. PHILANTHROPIST •. Bust of John Howard facing left.
Reverse: RULE BRITANNIA. Britannia facing left, seated on globe, her right hand holding spear, her left arm holding laurel-branch and resting on shield at her side; in exergue, 1795.
Edge: “CURRENT EVERY WHERE ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦”
Diameter: 29mm
Dalton & Hamer: 57b

The dies for this token were likely engraved by Thomas Wyon and it was probably manufactured by Peter Kempson at his mint in Birmingham.
The Fitzwilliam Museum regards Liverpool as an alternative possibility for the place of issue.
These 18th century tokens are often generically referred to as “Conder” tokens, the name originating from James Conder, a linen draper from Tavern Street in Ipswich. Conder was an ardent collector of tokens and the author of the standard work on the subject until it was superseded by that of Atkins in 1892.


John Howard was born in Lower Clapton, London the son of a wealthy upholsterer. After the death of his father in 1742, he received a sizeable inheritance. Since he was wealthy and had no true vocation, in 1748 Howard left England and began to travel. However, while in Hanover he was captured by French privateers and imprisoned. It was this experience that made him consider the conditions in which prisoners were held.
In 1758 Howard returned to England and settled in Cardington, Bedfordshire. As a landowner he was philanthropic and enlightened, ensuring that his estate housing was of good standard and that the poor houses under his management were well run.
In 1773 he became High Sheriff of Bedfordshire. On his appointment he began a tour of English prisons which led to two Acts of Parliament in 1774, making gaolers salaried officers and setting standards of cleanliness.
In April 1777, Howard's sister died leaving him £15,000 and her house. He used this inheritance and the revenue from the sale of her house to further his work on prisons. In 1778 he was examined by the House of Commons, who were this time inquiring into prison ships, or “hulks”. Two days after giving evidence, he was again travelling Europe, beginning in the Dutch Republic.
His final journey took him into Eastern Europe and Russia. Whilst at Kherson, in what is now Ukraine, Howard contracted typhus on a prison visit and died. He was buried on the shores of the Black Sea in a walled field at Dophinovka (Stepanovka), Ukraine. Despite requesting a quiet funeral without pomp and ceremony, the event was elaborate and attended by the Prince of Moldovia.
Howard became the first civilian to be honoured with a statue in St Paul's Cathedral, London. A statue was also erected in Bedford, and another one in Kherson. John Howard's bust can still be seen as a feature in the architecture of a number of Victorian prisons across the UK.
*Alex
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1857. Sir William Chambers and Somerset House. Taylor 52a.Obv. Bust of William chambers to right. CHAMBERS 1725-1796 Signed B WYON AFTER WESTMACOTT
Rev. Elevation of Somerset House to the Strand, featuring nine bayed entrance block. SOMERSET HOUSE 1781 SIR WILLIAM CHAMBERS RA ARCHITECT. Signed B WYON. Edge inscription: ART UNION OF LONDON 1857.
AE55. Taylor 52a.

Issued as one of the Art Union series. The medal gives an incorrect date of birth to chambers, 725 as opposed to 1723. The portrait is based on a bust displayed at the Royal Academy in 1797 by Sir Richard Westmacott, this is now in Sir John Soanes museum.
Built under an act of 1775, as a great new administrative centre to house official and academic bodies. Designed by Sir William Chambers, the Surveyor- General, and completed in the nineteenth century by Sir Robert Smirke (eastern extension to Kings College) and Sir James Pennethorne (western extension to Waterloo Bridge). Chambers decided on a central courtyard, approached through a block of narrow frontage, which was to house the learned societies, including the Royal Academy and Society of Antiquaries. It is the Strand façade of this entrance block which is shown on the medal, it was complete by 1781 and incorporated sculpture by fellow Academicians Bacon, Carlini and Wilton.
LordBest
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1874. Edward VII, as Prince of Wales. Royal Horticultural Buildings. Taylor 180bObv. Head of Edward left ALBERT EDWARD PRINCE OF WALES PRESIDENT, G MORGAN SC, on truncation BOEHM
Rev. The Royal Horticultural Buildings LONDON ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION OF ALL FINE ARTS INDUSTRIES AND INVENTIONS on scroll below central medallion MDCCCLXXIV

AE51. Taylor 180b.

This medal is arguably the most complex architectural medal ever undertaken, and in my opinion the most accomplished. The depth of view is truly astounding, though this does not come accross to well in the picture. The depiction of the buildings is used as the cover art of Taylor's "The Architectural Medal: England in the Nineteenth Century", British Museum Publication, 1978.

LordBest
MORGAN1090CC.jpg
1890 Morgan Carson City silver dollar1890 Carson City silver dollar
The Carson City, Nevada mint opened in 1863 but did not mint coins until 1870 it ran until 1885 but then reopened in 1889 and then closed permanently in 1893. It is now the Nevada State Museum
NORMAN K
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1967A MANUEL METROPOLITIAN TETARTERON S-1967 DOC 14 CLBC 4.4.1 OBV Bust of Christ, beardless and nimbate, wearing tunic and kolobion; holds scroll n in l. hand. Pellet in each limb of nimbus cross.

REV. Bust of emperor wearing stemma, divitision, and collar piece, and paneled loros of simplified type; holds in r. labarum on long shaft , and in l. Globus cruciger

Size 17.97 mm

Weight 3.2 gm

Cosmopolitan Issue were minted in Constantinople, each of these coins had an added silver content of 3% and were also issued with a very light silver wash (Silver traces are common on Cosmopolitan issues but intact fully silvered coins are very rare.) These more than likely were tariffed at a higher rate than the Thessalonica issues that have been shown to have no silver content. Cosmopolitan issue are in general far scarcer than the Thessalonica issues

Lightly nicer than my other example , the reverse would grade as aVF, the obv has an old collectors mark or museum mark on it.

DOC lists 14 examples with weights from 2.63mm to 4.8mm and sizes from 18mm to 20mm
Simon
FaustinaIIAsJuno.jpg
1bk Faustina JuniorWife of Marcus Aurelius. 131-176

As
Draped bust, left, FAVSTINA AVG PII AVG FIL
Juno seated left holding the three graces and scepter, peacock at feet, IVNO SC

The daughter of Antoninus Pius, wife of Aurelius, and mother of Commodus, Faustina had a box seat to witness the end of the Golden Age. She bore Aurelius at least 13 children and accompanied him on his military campaigns, yet years later had her reputation impuned for alleged adultery.

The reverse is RIC 1400, for which only right-facing busts are listed.

From Curtis Clay: "This is a rev. type that used to be very rare, even with bust right, but quite a few specimens have emerged from Bulgaria since the fall of the Iron Curtain.

I had a specimen with bust left myself, acquired from Baldwin's c. 1970, which is now in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford.

A VF specimen with bust left, from the same dies as yours, was in CNG E54, 4 Dec. 2002, 145 = CNG 57, 4 April 2001, 1292.

Still an interesting and scarce reverse type, and rare with bust left, a variety that is hard to find on any Roman coin of Faustina II !" Thank you, Curtis!
Blindado
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1st-2nd Century C.E. Harness PhaleraBased on the 1st Century Cavalry harness reconstruction at the Museum het Valkhof in Nijmegen, Netherlands, this phalera was used as a strap terminal. The reverse has two studs. 30mm
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2009-Austria - CarnuntumThe only remaining monument of the military city is its amphitheatre. It was located just outside of the fortified military camp. Today, a small adjacent museum shows the history of the gladiators.berserker
carnuntum_03.JPG
2009-Austria - CarnuntumThe archaeological museum Carnuntinum lies in the present village Bad Deutsch-Altenburg, almost on the bank of the Danube river. The most important excavations from the ancient city can be seen here.berserker
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2009-Austria - CarnuntumInside of the Museum.berserker
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2009-Austria - CarnuntumThe Roman city quarter was a peripheral part of the former civilian city. The ruins are exposed in the open-air museum directly in the present village.berserker
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32. Myrina.Tetradrachm, ca 160 - 150 BC, minted in Myrina.
Obverse: Laureate head of Apollo of Grynion.
Reverse: ΜΥΡΙΝΑΙΩΝ / Apollo standing, holding patera and laurel branch with fillets, omphalos and amphora at his feet; all within laurel wreath. Monogram at left.
16.49 gm., 32 mm.
Sacks #20 . 20g.

See K.S. Sacks, "The Wreathed Coins of Aeolian Myrina," ANS Museum Notes #30 (1985), p. 1-43.
According to Sacks' classification, the monogram makes this issue #20. The obverse die is also #20. A coin with these two dies is pictured as 20 . 20g on plate #7. The identifying features of the obverse die are the "4'th strand of hair" (actually a die flaw) up under Apollo's jaw and the several cracks in the die.
4 commentsCallimachus
Marco_Aurelio_Cyrrhus_Zeus_Kataibates.jpg
33 - 3 - 1 - MARCO AURELIO (161 - 180 D.C.) CYRRHUS Siria Cyrrhestica

AE 24 x 20 mm 9.8 gr

Anv: ”[AY__ AYPHΛ] ΑNTΩNI[NOΣ ΣEB]” – Cabeza radiada viendo a izquierda.
Rev: ”[ΔIOΣ KATAIEBATO]Y KYPPHΣT__” – Zeus Kataibates sentado sobre piedras, portando un rayo en la mano de su brazo derecho extendido sobre una águila y largo cetro vertical en la izquierda.

Acuñada: 161 – 180 D.C.

Referencias: NY 1944.100.65347 - Vienna Kunsthistorisches Museum #20967
mdelvalle
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33-50 - MARCO AURELIO (161 - 180 D.C.) CYRRHUS Siria Cyrrhestica

AE 24 x 20 mm 9.8 gr

Anv: ”[AY__ AYPHΛ] ΑNTΩNI[NOΣ ΣEB]” – Cabeza radiada viendo a izquierda.
Rev: ”[ΔIOΣ KATAIEBATO]Y KYPPHΣT__” – Zeus Kataibates sentado sobre piedras, portando un rayo en la mano de su brazo derecho extendido sobre una águila y largo cetro vertical en la izquierda.

Acuñada: 161 – 180 D.C.

Referencias: NY 1944.100.65347 - Vienna Kunsthistorisches Museum #20967 - RPC IV #3602 - SNG Cop - (cf 46) - BMC (cf 134.11ff)
mdelvalle
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501. Constantine I Alexandria PosthumousAlexandria

The city passed formally under Roman jurisdiction in 80 BC, according to the will of Ptolemy Alexander but after it had been previously under Roman influence for more than a hundred years. Julius Caesar dallied with Cleopatra in Alexandria in 47 BC, saw Alexander's body (quipping 'I came to see a king, not a collection of corpses' when he was offered a view of the other royal burials) and was mobbed by the rabble. His example was followed by Marc Antony, for whose favor the city paid dearly to Octavian, who placed over it a prefect from the imperial household.

From the time of annexation onwards, Alexandria seems to have regained its old prosperity, commanding, as it did, an important granary of Rome. This fact, doubtless, was one of the chief reasons which induced Augustus to place it directly under imperial power. In AD 215 the emperor Caracalla visited the city and for some insulting satires that the inhabitants had directed at him, abruptly commanded his troops to put to death all youths capable of bearing arms. This brutal order seems to have been carried out even beyond the letter, for a general massacre ensued.

Even as its main historical importance had formerly sprung from pagan learning, now Alexandria acquired fresh importance as a centre of Christian theology and church government. There Arianism was formulated and where also Athanasius, the great opponent of both Arianism and pagan reaction, triumphed over both, establishing the Patriarch of Alexandria as a major influence in Christianity for the next two centuries.

As native influences began to reassert themselves in the Nile valley, Alexandria gradually became an alien city, more and more detached from Egypt and losing much of its commerce as the peace of the empire broke up during the 3rd century AD, followed by a fast decline in population and splendour.

In the late 4th century, persecution of pagans by Christians had reached new levels of intensity. Temples and statues were destroyed throughout the Roman empire: pagan rituals became forbidden under punishment of death, and libraries were closed. In 391, Emperor Theodosius I ordered the destruction of all pagan temples, and the Patriarch Theophilus, complied with his request. It is possible that the great Library of Alexandria and the Serapeum was destroyed about this time. The pagan mathematician and philosopher Hypathia was a prominent victim of the persecutions.

The Brucheum and Jewish quarters were desolate in the 5th century, and the central monuments, the Soma and Museum, fell into ruin. On the mainland, life seemed to have centred in the vicinity of the Serapeum and Caesareum, both which became Christian churches. The Pharos and Heptastadium quarters, however, remained populous and left intact.

veiled head only
DV CONSTANTI-NVS PT AVGG
RIC VIII Alexandria 32 C3

From uncleaned lot; one of the nicer finds.
ecoli
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501. Constantine I London BEATA TRANQVILLITASLondon

Londinium was established as a town by the Romans after the invasion of 43 AD led by the Emperor Claudius. Archaeological excavation (undertaken by the Department of Urban Archaeology of the Museum of London now called MOLAS) since the 1970s has also failed to unearth any convincing traces of major settlement before c.50 — so ideas about Londinium being a military foundation around the Fort that protected London Bridge are now largely discounted.

The name Londinium is thought to be pre-Roman in origin although there is no consensus on what it means. One suggestion is that it derived from a personal name meaning 'fierce'. However, recent research by Richard Coates has suggested that the name derives from pre-Celtic Old European — Plowonida — from 2 roots, "plew" and "nejd", meaning something like "the flowing river" or "the wide flowing river". Londinium therefore means "the settlement on the wide river". He suggests that the river was called the Thames up river where it was narrower, and Plowonida down river where it was too wide to ford. For a discussion on the legends of London and Plowonida see [1]. The story of the settlement being named after Lud is considered unlikely.

Archaeologists now believe that London was founded as a civilian settlement by 50 AD. A wooden drain by the side of the main roman road excavated at No 1 Poultry has been dated to 47 which is likely to be the foundation date.

Ten years later, Londinium was sacked by the Iceni lead by the British queen Boudica. Excavation has revealed extensive evidence of destruction by fire at this date, and recently a military compound has been discovered in the City of London which may have been the headquarters of the Roman fight back against the British uprising.

The city recovered after perhaps 10 years, and reached its population height by about 120 AD, with a population of around 60,000. London became the capital of Roman Britain (Britannia) (previously the capital was the older, nearby town of Colchester). Thereafter began a slow decline; however, habitation and associated building work did not cease. By 375 London was a small wealthy community protected by completed defences. By 410 Roman occupation officially came to an end, with the citizens being ordered to look after their own defenses. By the middle of the 5th century the Roman city was practically abandoned.

RIC VII London 271 R2

ecoli
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51. Philip II as Caesar.A comparison of the portrait of Philip II on the previous sestertius, and the marble bust of Philip II in the Capitoline Museum, Rome.Callimachus
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5845 EGYPT, Alexandria. Hadrian Drachm 132-33 AD Hadrian & SerapisReference.
RPC III 5845/2; Köln 1084; Dattari (Savio) 1946; K&G 32.554; Emmett 1042.17; Staffieri, Alexandria In Nummis 69 (this coin)

Issue L IZ = year 17

Obv. ΑΥΤ ΚΑΙС ΤΡΑΙΑΝ - ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟС СƐΒ
Laureate draped and cuirassed bust of Hadrian, r., seen from rear

Rev. L ΙΖ
Temple (classical) with two columns enclosing Sarapis standing, r. holding sceptre and presenting globe; to r., Emperor (Hadrian), laureate-headed, wearing toga, standing l.,
holding sceptre; between, altar inscribed ΑΔΡ/ΙΑ/ΝΟΝ

23.82 gr
34 mm
12h

Note.
From the Giovanni Maria Staffieri Collection, purchased from Renzo Canavesi, Sagno, 1996. Ex Renzo Canavesi Collection (Sagno); Dr. Piero Beretta Collection (Milan); Giovanni Dattari Collection, no. 1946.

A rare variety with Sarapis holding a globe instead of saluting the emperor. The authors of RPC cite two coins: this coin, and the one in the Köln collection. There is also an example in the Ashmolean Museum collection (Milne 1380).
8 commentsokidoki
Marcius_Aqueduct_Denarius_Ex_Naville_Auction_562C_436_-_642C_457.jpg
A. Stannard Gouge (Al Marco Adjustment): L. Marcius Philippus Denarius, 56 BCEPhoto Source: Naville Numismatics
Roman Republican. L. Marcius Philippus AR Denarius (20mm, 3.92g, 6h), 57/56 BCE.
Obv: ANCVS. Diademed head of Ancus Marcius r.; behind, lituus..
Rev: PHILIPPVS. Equestrian statue, raising right hand, set to right on aqueduct; below horse, a flower; within the arches of the aqueduct, AQVA MARC.
Ref: Babelon Marcia 28. Sydenham 919. RBW 1524. Crawford 425/1.
Prov: Ex Naville Numismatics Auction 56 (22 Mar 2020), Lot 436.

Notes: Al marco weight adjustment (“Stannard gouge”) on obverse. These gouges were sometimes made on Roman Republican denarii before striking in order to reduce the total weight of the batch, bringing it within the desired range (the meaning of “al marco,” as opposed to individual adjustment, “al peso”). According to Stannard (1993: p. 46), these gouges were found on 2.53% of museum specimens he examined. A PDF of his chapter, “The adjustment al marco of the weight of Roman Republican denarii blanks by gouging,” is available on his website: http://www.stannard.info/website/Publications.html
Curtis JJ
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ACHAIA, Achaean League, Aigeira. c. 167-146 BCAR Hemidrachm, Obv: Laureate head of Zeus r. Rx: Forepart of goat r. over monograms Achaean League AX monogram with AL to left, KI to right; all within laurel wreath, tied below. Rare. Ex John Twente Animal Collection; ex Craig Whitford NBD Bank Money Museum Collection Part II, lot 87. VF/EF, 2.49g. BCD-399 (same rev. die), Agrinion-571a, Clerk-16, Benner-Aigeira-5. HJBerk BBS 159, lot 166.2 commentsDino
Achaia,_Achaian_League,_Elis,_AR_Hemidrachm_.jpg
Achaian League, Elis, ca. 50 BC, AR Hemidrachm Laureate head of Zeus right, KA monogram in outer right field.
Wreath surrounding AX monogram in centre; FA monogram to left, Ω above ELIΣ monogram (Elis) in upper field and XE monogram to right, thunderbolt below.

BCD Peloponnesos 685 (this coin); HGC 5, 540 (R2); Clerk 261; SNG Copenhagen 306.

(15 mm, 2.39 g, 6h).
Classical Numismatic Group e-Auction 160, 14 March 2007, 44; ex- BCD collection: LHS Auction 96, 8-9 May 2006, 685; ex- Danish National Museum, Copenhagen (c.f. SNG Cop 306 deaccessioned duplicate).
1 commentsn.igma
Arrowhead_1.jpg
AE Arrowhead #01Northwestern Iran
1200-800 BC
12.5cm (4.9”)

Cf. Mahboubian (Art of Ancient Iran: Copper and Bronze), 390
Cf. Khorasani (Arms and Armor from Iran: The Bronze Age to the End of the Qajar Period), Cat. 451

Description:
This arrowhead was part of lot 27 in Christies Sale 5524, Axel Guttman Collection of Ancient Arms and Armour, Part 2, London, April 2004. The lot (“A LARGE COLLECTION OF NORTH-WEST PERSIAN BRONZE ARROWHEADS. 2ND/EARLY 1ST MILLENNIUM B.C.”) consisted of an ancient bronze bowl with sculptural handles, filled to the brim with arrowheads of this type. A number of the arrowheads have since appeared on the market. Each is similar, with elongated deltoid head and long tang.

Ex-Axel Guttmann Collection, Lot 27 (part of) Christies Sale 5524, Axel Guttman Collection of Ancient Arms and Armour, Part 2, 28 April 2004.

From Ancientresource.com:
“Axel Guttmann was the most famous collector of ancient militaria in the modern era, actually creating his own museum in Berlin to display his enormous collection.”
Kamnaskires
Arrowhead_2.jpg
AE Arrowhead #02Western Asia (likely Iran)
1200-800 BC
85mm

Cf. Muscarella (Bronze and Iron, Ancient Near Eastern Artifacts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art), Fig. 416
Cf. Negahban (Weapons from Marlik), Page 75, Fig. 58
Cf. Piller (Untersuchungen zur relative Chronologie der Nekropole von Marlik), Table XVI, Type 4 (page 293)

Description:
Triangular bilobate ribbed head, stem, medium length tang.
Kamnaskires
Arrowhead_5.jpg
AE Arrowhead #05 (or spearhead?)Western Asia (likely Iran)
1200-800 BC
15.4cm (6”)

Cf. Mahboubian (Art of Ancient Iran: Copper and Bronze), 390
Cf. Moorey (Catalogue of the Ancient Persian Bronzes in the Ashmolean Museum), Pl. 8, Fig. 75 (also illustrated on page 85)
Cf. Negahban (Weapons from Marlik), Fig. 65 (page 85)

Description:
Elongated deltoid, bilobate ribbed head, long stem and tang.
Kamnaskires
Arrowhead_6.jpg
AE Arrowhead #06Western Asia (likely Iran)
1200-800 BC
15.1cm (6”)

Cf. Muscarella (Bronze and Iron, Ancient Near Eastern Artifacts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art), Fig. 400
Cf. Negahban (Weapons from Marlik), Pl. XII, Fig. 154

Description:
Bilobate ribbed head with barbs, stem and long tang.
Kamnaskires
Arrowhead_7.jpg
AE Arrowhead #07Western Asia (likely Iran)
1200-800 BC
15.5cm (6.1”)

Cf. Mahboubian (Art of Ancient Iran: Copper and Bronze), 390 (see arrowhead at approximately 10:00 in circular layout)
Cf. Muscarella (Bronze and Iron, Ancient Near Eastern Artifacts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art), Fig. 400

Description:
Triangular bilobate ribbed head with stem and long tang.
Kamnaskires
Arrowhead_9.jpg
AE Arrowhead #09Western Asia (likely Iran)
1200-800 BC
66mm

Cf. Muscarella (Bronze and Iron, Ancient Near Eastern Artifacts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art), Fig. 416
Cf. Negahban (Weapons from Marlik), Fig. 58 (page 75)
Cf. Piller (Untersuchungen zur relative Chronologie der Nekropole von Marlik), Table XVI, Type 4 (page 293)

Description:
Triangular bilobate ribbed head, short stem, medium length tang, small nick in one edge.
Kamnaskires
AE_Arrowhead_12.jpg
AE Arrowhead #12Northwestern Iran
1200-800 BC
70mm (length); 33mm (width)

Cf. Muscarella (Bronze and Iron, Ancient Near Eastern Artifacts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art), Fig. 404

Description:
Wide, bilobate winged tip, ribbed, long tang.
Kamnaskires
AE_Arrowhead_14.jpg
AE Arrowhead #14Western Asia
1200-800 BC
95.3mm

Cf. Moorey (Catalogue of the Ancient Persian Bronzes in the Ashmolean Museum), Plate 8, # 73 (also illustrated on page 85, Fig. 17, # 73)

Description:
Lanceolate or elongated deltoid-shaped, bilobate ribbed head, long tang.
Kamnaskires
Arrowhead_15_b.jpg
AE Arrowhead #15Western Asia (likely Iran)
1200-800 BC
69.85mm

Cf. Muscarella (Bronze and Iron, Ancient Near Eastern Artifacts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art), Fig. 416
Cf. Negahban (Weapons from Marlik), Page 75, Fig. 58
Cf. Piller (Untersuchungen zur relative Chronologie der Nekropole von Marlik), Table XVI, Type 4 (page 293)

Description:
Triangular bilobate ribbed head, slightly barbed, stem, medium length tang.
Kamnaskires
Arrowhead_17.jpg
AE Arrowhead #17Western Asia
1200-800 BC
13cm (5.1”)

Cf. Malloy (Weapons: Ancient and Medieval Art and Antiquities), Fig. 93
Cf. Negahban (Weapons from Marlik), Page 85, Fig. 64
Cf. Moorey (Catalogue of the Ancient Persian Bronzes in the Ashmolean Museum), Pl. 8, Fig. 74 (also illustrated on page 85)
Cf. Mahboubian (Art of Ancient Iran: Copper and Bronze), 390

Description:
Lanceolate shaped blade, stem, long tang (bent).
Kamnaskires
Arrowhead_18.jpg
AE Arrowhead #18 (or spearhead?)Western Asia (likely Iran)
1200-800 BC
12.4cm (4.9”)

Cf. Moorey (Catalogue of the Ancient Persian Bronzes in the Ashmolean Museum), Pl. 8, Fig. 65 (also illustrated on page 85)
Cf. Khorasani (Arms and Armor from Iran, The Bronze Age to the End of the Qajar Period), Cat. 445

Description:
Bilobate ribbed head, sharper tapering near point, with barbs and long tang.
Kamnaskires
AE_Arrowhead_21.jpg
AE Arrowhead #21Northwestern Iran
1200-800 BC
76.2mm

Cf. Negahban (Weapons from Marlik), Fig. 69 (page 85)
Cf. Moorey (Catalogue of the Ancient Persian Bronzes in the Ashmolean Museum), Plate 8, # 64 (also illustrated on page 85, Fig. 17, # 64)

Description:
Deltoid blade with slight barbs (one chipped), high rounded midrib, square-sectioned tang broken.
Kamnaskires
AE_Arrowhead_23.jpg
AE Arrowhead #23Northwestern Iran
1200-800 BC
89mm (3 ½”)

Cf. Mahboubian (Art of Ancient Iran: Copper and Bronze), 390
Cf. Medvedskaya (Iran: Iron Age I), Fig. 14, Iran IIc
Cf. Moorey (Catalogue of the Ancient Persian Bronzes in the Ashmolean Museum), Plate 8, # 66 (also illustrated on page 85, Fig. 17, # 66)

Description:
Deltoid blade, rounded midrib, square-sectioned tang broken.
Kamnaskires
AE_Arrowhead_24.jpg
AE Arrowhead #24Northwestern Iran
1200-800 BC
13.8cm (5.5”)

Cf. Malloy (Weapons: Ancient and Medieval Art and Antiquities), Fig. 93
Moorey (Catalogue of the Ancient Persian Bronzes in the Ashmolean Museum), Pl. 8, Fig. 74 (also illustrated on page 85)
Cf. Mahboubian (Art of Ancient Iran: Copper and Bronze), 390 (several similar in the illustration)

Description:
Lanceolate shaped blade, stem, long square-sectioned tang tapering to a point.
Kamnaskires
AE_Arrowhead_26.jpg
AE Arrowhead #26Northwestern Iran
1200-800 BC
82.6mm (3.25”)

Cf. Malloy (Weapons: Ancient and Medieval Art and Antiquities), Fig. 91
Cf. Muscarella (Bronze and Iron, Ancient Near Eastern Artifacts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art), Fig. 410 (Blade shape slightly different, but close)

Description:
Wide, deltoid rounded head, long tang (possibly broken).
Kamnaskires
AE_Arrowhead_27.jpg
AE Arrowhead #27Northwestern Iran
1200-800 BC
10.16cm (4”)

Cf. Malloy (Weapons: Ancient and Medieval Art and Antiquities), Fig. 72 (Described as Neo-Elamite, 750-600 BC)
Cf. Muscarella (Bronze and Iron, Ancient Near Eastern Artifacts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art), Fig. 416
Cf. Khorasani (Arms and Armor from Iran: The Bronze Age to the End of the Qajar Period), Cat. 467

Description:
Deltoid barbed blade with high rib, medium length tang.
Kamnaskires
AE_Arrowhead_34_r.jpg
AE Arrowhead #34Western or northwestern Iran
1200-800 BC
12.7 cm (5”)

Khorasani (Arms and Armor from Iran), Cat. #464
Muscarella (Bronze and Iron, Ancient Near Eastern Artifacts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art), Fig. 397

Description:
Jet-like wings (broken), long tang tapering toward rounded end.

Ex-Private collection, Paris, France; acquired before 1970
Kamnaskires
AE_Arrowhead_37.jpg
AE Arrowhead #37Western Asia (probably Iran)
1200-800 BC
15.6 cm (6 1/8”)

Cf. Khorasani (Arms and Armor from Iran), Cat. 467
Cf. Muscarella (Bronze and Iron, Ancient Near Eastern Artifacts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art), Figs. 399, 400

Description:
Elongated triangular head, barbed shoulders, convex sides, pronounced midrib, long tang.
1 commentsKamnaskires
AE_Arrowhead_38.jpg
AE Arrowhead #38Western or NW Iran
1200-800 BC
14.1 cm (5.6”)

Cf. Mahboubian (Art of Ancient Iran: Copper and Bronze), 390 (several similar in grouping at bottom of page)
Cf. Muscarella (Bronze and Iron, Ancient Near Eastern Artifacts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art), Fig. 410
Cf. Negahban (Weapons from Marlik), Fig. 73, (page 85)

Description:
Deltoid shaped bilobate blade with shallow wide rib, long tang.

Ex-Joseph K. Long III collection, New Hampshire, USA, acquired in the 1980s
Kamnaskires
AE_Arrowhead_39.jpg
AE Arrowhead #39Western or NW Iran
1200-800 BC
12.38 cm (4.9”)

Cf. Mahboubian (Art of Ancient Iran: Copper and Bronze), 390
Cf. Moorey (Catalogue of the Ancient Persian Bronzes in the Ashmolean Museum), Pl. 8, Fig. 71 (also illustrated on page 85)

Description:
Triangular blade with wide midrib, long tang.
1 commentsKamnaskires
R671_Faustina_II_fac.jpg
AE As, RIC 3, p.345, 1639 - Faustina II, FecunditasFaustina II,
As
Obv.: FAVSTINA AVGVSTA, Draped bust right
Rev.: FECVNDITAS / S – C, Fecunditas standing right, holding scepter in right hand, infant in left hand
11.98g, 23x26mm
Ref.: Cohen 101, RIC 1639
This coin was found in 1987 at the Viehmarktplatz, close to the St. Antoninus Church in Trier, Germany. The find was presented to the Landesmuseum (State Museum).
2 commentsshanxi
Dagger_4.jpg
AE Dagger #04Northwestern Iran (probably Luristan)
1200-800 BC
32cm (12.6”)

Cf. Khorasani (Bronze and Iron Weapons from Luristan), Fig. 2 (page 212)
Cf. Moorey (Catalogue of the Ancient Persian Bronzes in the Ashmolean Museum), Pl. 6, #50; (also illustrated on page 70)
Cf. Overleat (The Early Iron Age in the Pusht-I Kuh, Luristan), Fig. 184, #KT.A6-19 (page 216)

Description:
Flanged hilt with no wood or ivory remaining, single rivet hole in wedge-shaped pommel, low broad midrib, blade and hilt cast in one piece.

From an old British collection, acquired in the 1970s
1 commentsKamnaskires
AE_Dagger_7.jpg
AE Dagger #07Luristan
1200-800 BC
23.5cm (9.25”)

Cf. Moorey (Catalogue of the Ancient Persian Bronzes in the Ashmolean Museum), Pl. 5, Fig. 40 (also illustrated on page 67)

Description:
Triangular blade, wide and flat thickened center.

Ex-John F. Piscopo collection.
Previously sold in the John F. Piscopo Collection Pre-Auction Sale, December 5th, 2008, lot #3050-10.
Kamnaskires
AE_Dagger_9.jpg
AE Dagger #09Luristan
c. 1000 BC
36.8cm (14.5")

Cf. Moorey (Catalogue of the Ancient Persian Bronzes in the Ashmolean Museum), Pl. 6, Fig. 51

Description:
Lower portion of hilt cast in imitation of an inlaid flanged hilt, complete with guard flanges, pommel divided into two semicircular "ears," broad flat midrib down the blade.
Kamnaskires
AE_Dagger_12B.jpg
AE Dagger #12Western Iran, likely Luristan or Elam
Late 3rd to 2nd millennium BC
24 cm (9.4”)

Cf. Khorasani (Arms and Armor from Iran), type 3.2.3.a, Fig. 9, p. 56, as well as Cat. 2
Mahboubian (Art of Ancient Iran: Copper and Bronze), 376, #3
Cf. Moorey (Catalogue of the Ancient Persian Bronzes in the Ashmolean Museum), Pl. 5, Fig. 45

Description:
Leaf shaped blade cast separately from hilt; hilt cast hollow with decoration in relief; curved guard.
1 commentsKamnaskires
Dagger_Short_Sword_2.jpg
AE Dirk #01Northwestern Iran
1200-800 BC
37.7cm (14.8”)

Cf. Muscarella (Bronze and Iron, Ancient Near Eastern Artifacts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art), Fig. 164 (page 99)
Cf. Negahban (Weapons from Marlik), Fig. 41 (spearhead, page 59)
Cf. Petrie (Tools and Weapons), Plate XXXVI, Fig. 170

Description:
Long tapering form, winged guard extending from the ricasso, prominent midrib, chips along one edge.

From a private Danish collection of ancient weapons
1 commentsKamnaskires
Dagger_Short_Sword_4.jpg
AE Dirk #03Western Asia (possibly northwestern Iran)
1200-800 BC
44.2cm (17.4”)

Cf. Negahban (Weapons from Marlik), Pl. IX, Fig. 115 for similarly shaped blade (although with rivets)
Cf. Moorey (Catalogue of the Ancient Persian Bronzes in the Ashmolean Museum), Pl. 5, Figs. 42 and 43 (for similarly shaped blades)

Description:
Rounded shoulders, flat and subtle midrib, edges slightly concave and tapering toward point, medium length tang.

Ex-London Collection, formed 1990 - present
Kamnaskires
R670_Faustina_II_fac.jpg
AE Dupondius, RIC 3, p.194, 1405 (a) - Faustina II, DianaFaustina II
Dupondius or As, AD 145-161
Obv.: FAVSTINA AVG PII AVG FIL, draped bust right
Rev.: S - C, Diana standing left with bow and arrow.
AE, 12.4g, 26mm
Ref.: RIC 1405 (a) [C]
This coin was found in 2006 close to the Fleischstraße in Trier, Germany. The find was presented to the Landesmuseum (State Museum).
3 commentsshanxi
AE_Hilt_1.jpg
AE Hilt #01Northwestern Iran
1200-800 BC
11.1cm (4.4”)

Cf. Moorey (Catalogue of the Ancient Persian Bronzes in the Ashmolean Museum), plate 7, #58, 60 (for similar pommel)
Cf. Mahboubian (Art of Ancient Iran), 392 and 397a (for similar pommel)

Description:
Double disk pommel, cylindrical grip, iron core (broken tang), bronze exterior, incised with decorative patterns.
1 commentsKamnaskires
AE_Hilt_2c.jpg
AE Hilt #02Northwestern Iran
1200-800 BC
24.8cm x 7.9cm (9.75” x 3.125”)

Cf. Moorey (Catalogue of the Ancient Persian Bronzes in the Ashmolean Museum), Pl. 8, Fig. 63 (also illustrated on page 82)
Cf. Hisashi Nojima, Yui Arimatsu, Masahiro Fujii, Murata, Hakuhiro Ichikawa, Shohei Fujii, Naoto Morimoto (Bronze-Hilted Iron Swords from Western Asia at the Department of Archaeology, Hiroshima University), Fig. 1, #2; Fig. 2, #2; Fig. 11.

Description:
Distinctive Luristani bifurcated “double-ear” pommel, square cross-section through grip, with two lattice-patterned bands enclosing a horizontally-oriented linear band which comprise the hand guard; oxidized remnants of the original iron blade are still visible below the guard.

Ex-Private East Coast, USA collection
Kamnaskires
695 files on 8 page(s) 1

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