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RIC 156,P Claudius Gothicus AE Antoninianus. Milan, AD 268-270. IMP C CLAVDIVS PF AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right / PAX AVG, Pax standing left, holding olive branch and transverse sceptre. Officina letter P in ex. Antonivs Protti

Claudius II Gothicus, RIC 261, Milan, 268-270 CE.Bronze Antoninianus, RIC 261 Milan
Obverse: DIVO CLAUVDIO, radiate head right.
Reverse: CONSECRATIO, large flaming altar with four sections with a dot in each one. mintmark T, Milan mint. 16.5mm., 2.1 g.NORMAN K

Louis XIV (1643 – 1715), AE Jeton struck c.1650Obverse: LVD•XIIII•D•G•FR•ET•NAV•REX. Laureate and draped youthful bust of Louis XIV facing right.
Reverse: IVSTIS•SPES•PACIS•IN ARMIS. Pax, helmeted, seated on a pile of arms, holding an olive branch in her outstretched right hand and a narrow cornucopia in her left.
Dimensions: 27.94mm | Weight: 6.8gms | Die Axis: 12
Ref. Feuardent: 12482 var.

Struck at unverified mint, probably Monnaie de Louvre, Paris, France
Die engraver: Jean Varin

Jean Varin (6 February 1604 Liège – 26 August 1672 Paris) was a French sculptor and engraver who made important innovations in the process of minting coins. He moved to Paris in 1625 or 1626 where, after demonstrating his talent as an engraver, he obtained the support of Cardinal Richelieu and in 1629 he was assigned as a “Conducteur de la Monnaie du Moulin”. In 1647 he was appointed head of the French mint, and became “engraver of the king's seal” and a member of the Academy of painting and sculpture. Varin brought back the use of the screw press in the mint, initially using it to produce a gold coin, the Louis d'or, which featured his youthful portrait of the King which is similar to that on this jeton.

This jeton, likely struck between 1650 and 1653, commemorates the signing of the Treaty of Münster between France and the Holy Roman Empire on 15 May 1648 which ended the Thirty Years War. France, to the detriment of the Holy Roman Empire, retained control of the bishoprics of Metz, Toul and Verdun near Lorraine as well as receiving the city of Pignerol near the Spanish Duchy of Milan and the cities of the Décapole in Alsace, excluding Strasbourg.
*Alex

7 GallienusGALLIENUS
AE Antoninianus, Milan Mint

O: GALLIENVS AVG, Radiate bare bust right with wavy base, slight traces of drapery

R: ORIENS AVG, Sol standing l., holding whip, right hand raised, P in ex
Göbl 1211c Milan (S)
RIC 494 var (bust type)

VF, flat spot on reverse
Sosius

921Antoninianus
Milan
Issue 1
VICTORIA AVGG
G 921mauseus

935Antoninianus
Milan
Issue 1
FECVNDITAS AVG
G 935mauseus

979Antoninianus
Milan
Issue 2
COHH PRAET VI P VI F
G 979mauseus

986Antoninianus
Milan
Issue 2
LEG I ITAL VI P VI F
G 986mauseus

988Antoninianus
Milan
Issue 2
LEG I MIN VI P VI F
G 988mauseus

990Antoninianus
Milan
Issue 2
LEG II ADI VI P VI F
G 990mauseus

Aurelian, RIC 142 MilanAurelian AE Antoninianus. Milan mint.
Obverse: IMP C AVRELIANVS AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
Reverse: ROMAE AETERNAE, Emperor standing right before Roma seated left on shield, holding Victory and sceptre.
Q in ex. Milan Mint. 19.9 mm, 3.2 g.
RIC 142, Cohen 219, Sear5 11603. NORMAN K

Claudius II Gothicus. 268-270 AD. AE18mm Claudius II Gothicus. 268-270 AD.
Obv. IMP CLAVDIVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right.
Rev. PA-X A-VG, Pax advancing left, holding transverse scepter in left hand and olive branch in right hand;
T in ex. Mediolanum (Milan) mint.
Ref. RIC 157
Ex Forvms Never-Ending Cleaning Competition.Lee S

Gallic 1.5 AureolusAUREOLUS
Rebel general, in name of Postumus
AE Antoninianus, Milan Mint
IMP POSTVMVS AVG, Radiate, draped bust r. / VIRTVS EQVIT, Virtus walking right, carrying spear and shield, T in exergue
RIC V-II Milan 388,;de Witte 363; Sear (1988) 3135Sosius

Gallic 1.5 AureolusAUREOLUS
Rebel general, in name of Postumus
AE Antoninianus, Milan Mint
IMP C POSTVMVS PF AVG, Radiate bust r. / FIDES EQVIT, Fides seated left, holding patera and standard
RIC V-II Milan 377Sosius

ROME
PB Tessera (19mm, 3.23 g, 12h)
Charioteer driving quadriga right, raising whip in right hand
Palm frond; c/m: VI
Rostovtsev 722; Rostovsev & Prou 156; Kircheriano 1169-70; BM 1389-90; Milan 127. Countermark unlisted

Ex Artcoins Roma 23 (17 February 2015), lot 584Ardatirion

ROME
PB Tessera. (18mm, 3.09 g)
Fortuna standing left, holding rudder and cornucopia
Juno standing left, holding patera and long scepter
Rostowzew -; Milan 324

Ex Phil DeVicchi CollectionArdatirion

ROME
PB Tessera (18mm, 2.58 g, 12h)
Fortuna standing left, holding rudder and cornucopia
Serpent right
Rostovtzev 1564; Milan 233-4; München 255; BM 5651 commentsArdatirion

ROME
PB Tessera (19mm, 3.35 g, 12 h)
Helmeted gladiator standing right, holding clipeus and gladius; CVR to left
Helmeted gladiator standing right, holding clipeus and gladius; M to left
Rostovtsev 528, pl. IV, 38; München 97; BM 175, 1040-6, 1050; Milan 81-2

Rostovtsev interprets the legend as curator muneris, possibly an individual related to the managing of the games, though a curator muneris pecuniae, a magistrate in charge of civic revenues, is recorded in some areas. Ardatirion

ROME
PB Tessera (17mm, 2.47 g, 7h)
Mercury standing facing, holding bag and caduceus
Rooster standing right
Rostovtsev 2664.1 = Rostovtsev & Prou 571; cf. Milan 417-21 (smaller size)

Ex Tom Vossen CollectionArdatirion

ROME. Romula Agas(iae?)
PB Tessera (22mm, 7.58 g, 12 h)
ROM/ VLA
Clipeus; A A/ C S
Rostowzew 1478; München 243; Turcan 194-5; Milan 211; Kircheriano 2004-7

Ex Classical Numismatic Group Electronic Auction 267, lot 685 (part of)

Rostowzew cites a surprising twenty-six specimens, including several with square flans.Ardatirion

ROME
PB Tessera (16mm, 2.60 g)
Head of Sol right
Head of horse right, flail behind
Rostowzew 757. fig. 64; München 166; Milan 134; Kircheriano 1017; BM 413-6

Ex J.S. Wagner Collection (Classical Numismatic Group Electronic Auction 250), lot 484 (part of)

Rostowzew places this with the "Tesserae speculatorum" for use in the Circus.
1 commentsArdatirion

ROME
PB Tessera (16mm, 2.54 g, 12h)
Head of Sol right
Head of horse right, flail behind
Rostovtsev 757. fig. 64 = Scholz 619, pl. III (this coin, illustrated); München 166; Milan 134; Kircheriano 1017; BM 413-6

Ex Trau CollectionArdatirion

ROME
PB Tessera (17mm, 2.96 g, 12 h)
The Charites (the Three Graces) standing, the left and right facing, the middle with back to view
Modius with three grain ears
Rostovtzev 358; Milan 52; München 67-70; BM 1330-3, 1335-8, 1340-1; Staal Appendix A, p. 148 (this coin illustrated)

Ex Mark Staal Three Graces Collection (Classical Numismatic Group Electronic Auction 300), lot 432 (part of)1 commentsArdatirion

ROME
PB Tessera (17mm, 2.80 g, 12h)
The Charites (the Three Graces) standing, the left and right facing, the middle with back to view
Modius with three grain ears
Rostovtzev 358.72 = Scholz 461 (this coin); Milan 52; München 67-70; BM 1330-3, 1335-8, 1340-1

Ex Trau CollectionArdatirion

RIC.27b Honorius (Siliqua, Vot X Mvlt XV)Honorius, western roman emperor (393-423)
Siliqua : Virtus exerciti (388-402, Milan mint)

silver, 16 mm diameter, 1.47 g, die axis: 7 h

A/ D N HONORI-VS P F AVG; pearl diademed, draped & cuirassed bust right
R/ VOT / X / MVLT / XVL, MDPS in exergue; in wreath

RIC.IX 27b(R4) or RIC.X 1225(R3)

(0217) MACRINUS217 - 218 AD
AE 17 mm 3.54 g
O: Laureate bust of Macrinus right
R: O M EDECCA veiled and turreted bust of Tyche right, within laurel wreath
Edessa in Mesopotamia; SNG Milan 56laney

(0268) CLAUDIUS II GOTHICUS268 - 270 AD
AE 19 mm, 2.20 g
Obverse: IMP CLAVDIVS PF AVG Radiate, draped bust right
Reverse: PAX AVG Pax walking l., holding olive branch and scepter; T in exe.
Milan mint; RIC 157
(EB)
laney

(0268) CLAUDIUS II GOTHICUS268 - 270 AD
AE 20 mm 2.87 g
O: IMP CLAVDIVS PF AVG Radiate, draped bust r.
R: PAX AVG Pax walking l., holding olive branch and scepter; T in exe
Milan mint
RIC 157alaney

(0268) CLAUDIUS II GOTHICUS268 - 270 AD
AE 21.5 mm, 2.49 g
O: IMP CLA[VDIVS PF] AVG Radiatedraped bust right
R: FIDES MILIT Fides standing left hold standard in each hand, D in right field
Milan mint; RIC 149
laney

(253-268) Gallien Milan, FELICIT AVGB*Numis

(253-268) Gallien Milan, Aetern AvgB*Numis

0001 Sasanian Empire Khusro II -- Year 2 -- BishapurObv: Pahlavi script legend: to the l. on two lines reading down leftward and outward is GDH/'pzwt (xwarrah abzūd) and to the r. on one line reading down is hwslwd (Husraw) = Khusro has increased the royal glory; frontal bust facing r. of bearded Khusro II with a hair globe drawn to the back of the neck, crown with three merlons and attached to the top of the crown cap are wings (group of pellets within the base) with an attached crescent and star, double pearl diadem with three ribbons behind, earring made up of three dots, neckline edged with a row of pearls, both shoulders decorated with a crescent and star, double row of pearls from shoulders to breast, two dots on the breast, star in upper l. field, star and crescent in upper r. field, two dotted rims with a star on a crescent at 3h, 6h, and 9h.
Rev: Pahlavi script legend: to the l. reading down is year tlyn of Khusro II's reign and to the r. reading down is the mint mark BYSh = year 2 of Khusro II's reign, Bishapur; fire altar with a base consisting of two slabs and a shaft with two ribbons pointing upwards to the r. and l. of the shaft with four altar slabs on top and flames consisting of four tiers rendered as four then three then two then one upward stroke, star to the l. and crescent to the r. of the top two tiers, to the l. and r. of the altar are two frontal facing attendants each holding a sword pointing downwards with the r. hand over the l. hand and wearing a rounded cap, three dotted rims with a star on a crescent at 3h, 6h, 9h, and 12h.
Denomination: silver drachm; Mint: Bishapur; Date: year 2, 591 - 592 AD; Weight: 4.12g; Diameter: 29mm; Die axis: 90º; References, for example: Göbl II/2; SNS Iran 580 and 581 (same mint and regnal year).

Regnal year 2 saw major changes to the coinage of Khusro II. First, the defeat of Wahrām Chōbēn (Wahrām VI) brought to an end the interruption of Khusro II's xwarrah and so wings representing Vərəθraγna/Verethragna (Avestan), Wahrām (Middle Persian), Bahrām (Persian), i.e. the god or personification of victory, were added to Khusro II's crown. Second, for the first time in Sasanian coinage the ideogram GDH (xwarrah) is added to the legend (obverse). Third, on the reverse six pointed stars are added to the crescent moons outside of the three dotted rims at 3h, 6h, 9h, and 12h. Six pointed stars can be considered representations of the sun (see Gariboldi 2010 pp. 36ff and the sources referenced in footnote 71, p. 37).

See Daryaee (1997) for an interesting study of the religious and political iconography on the coinage of Khusro II*. He argues that Khusro II implemented iconographic changes in regnal year 2 (591 - 592 AD) as a direct result of suppressing the rebellion (with the assistance of the Byzantine Emperor Maurice) of the brilliant general Wahrām Chōbēn (Wahrām VI) in 591 AD. Further iconographic changes were carried out in regnal year 11 (600 - 601 AD) in response to the final defeat in 600 AD of the 10 year rule/rebellion of Wistahm**, his uncle (as the brother-in-law of his father Ohrmazd IV) and former staunch supporter.

*The study cannot be intended to be complete. For example, there is no discussion of the legend 'pd that appeared, beginning in the 12th regnal year but not present for all subsequent years or at all mints, in the second quadrant outside of the rims on the obverse. Gariboldi 2010 (p.64) translates the legend as "good", "excellent", "wonderful" while Göbl 1983 (p. 331) translates it as "praise".

**There is some debate about when Wistahm was finally eliminated. Daryaee, following Paruck 1924, relies on (purported?) numismatic evidence that the last coin minted in his name was for year 10. Therefore Daryaee states that 600 AD was the year of elimination (Daryaee 1997, p. 53 n. 38. Also see Daryaee 2009, p. 33 n. 166 for a slightly more tepid assertion). Frye 1984 implies a 10 year rule for Wistahm, stating that "it was not until 601 that the rule of Chosroes [Khusro] was restored over all of the empire..." (p. 336). Göbl SN, however, states that 10 years of reign are said to be represented, although personally he had only seen coins of years 2 through 7 (p. 53). Thus Wistahm's years in SN's Table XI are listed as "591/2 - 597?" Malek 1993 also lists Wistahm's years as 591/2 - 97 (p. 237).

Provenance: Ex Stephen Album Rare Coins Auction 36, January 25, 2020

Photo Credit: Stephen Album Rare Coins

Sources

Daryaee, Touraj. 'The Use of Religio-Political Propaganda on Coins of Xusrō II." The Journal of the American Numismatics (1989-), vol. 9 (1997): 41-53.
Daryaee, Touraj. Sasanian Persia: The Rise And Fall Of An Empire. London: I. B. Tauris, 2009.
Frye, Richard. The History of Ancient Iran. Munich: C.H. Beck’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1984.
Gariboldi, Andrea. Sasanian Coinage and History: The Civic Numismatic Collection of Milan. Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers, 2010.
Göbl, Robert. Sasanian Numismatics. Braunschweig: Klinkhardt and Biermann, 1971.
Göbl 1983: Yarshater, Ehsan, ed. The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 3 (1), The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983: 322 - 336.
Malek, Hodge. "A Survey of Research on Sasanian Numismatics." The Numismatic Chronicle (1966-), vol. 153 (1993): 227 - 269.
Paruck, F.D.J. Sasanian Coins. Bombay: 1924.
SNS Iran: Akbarzadeh, Daryoosh and Nikolaus Schindel. Sylloge Nummorum Sasanidarum Iran A Late Sasanian Hoard from Orumiyeh. Wien: Österreichischen Akademie Der Wissenschaften, 2017.

2 commentsTracy Aiello

0002 Sasanian Empire Khusro II -- Year 5 -- CtesiphonObv: Pahlavi script legend: to the l. on two lines reading down leftward and outward is GDH/'pzwt (xwarrah abzūd) and to the r. on one line reading down is hwslwd (Husraw) = Khusro has increased the royal glory; frontal bust facing r. of bearded Khusro II with a hair globe drawn to the back of the neck, crown with three merlons and attached to the top of the crown cap are wings (lines within the base, wings open) with an attached crescent and star, double pearl diadem with three ribbons behind, earring made up of three dots, neckline edged with a row of pearls, both shoulders decorated with a crescent and star, double row of pearls from shoulders to breast, two dots on the breast, star in upper l. field, star and crescent in upper r. field, two dotted rims with a star on a crescent at 3h, 6h, and 9h.
Rev: Pahlavi script legend: to the l. reading down is year ḥwmŝ‵ of Khusro II's reign and to the r. reading down is the mint mark WYHC = year 5 of Khusro II's reign, Ctesiphon; fire altar with a base consisting of two slabs and a shaft with two ribbons pointing upwards to the r. and l. of the shaft with four altar slabs on top and flames consisting of four tiers rendered as four then three then two then one upward stroke, star to the l. and crescent to the r. of the top two tiers, to the l. and r. of the altar are two frontal facing attendants each holding a sword pointing downwards with the r. hand over the l. hand and wearing a rounded cap, three dotted rims with a star on a crescent at 3h, 6h, 9h, and 12h.

Denomination: silver drachm; Mint: Ctesiphon;1 Date: year 5, 594 - 595 AD; Weight: 4.10g; Diameter: 31.34mm; Die axis: 90º; References, for example: Göbl II/2.

Notes:

1See Schindel (2005) pp. 296 - 299 for an argument identifying the Pahlavi mint signature WYHC with Ctesipon.

See Daryaee (1997) for an interesting study of the religious and political iconography on the coinage of Khusro II*. He argues that Khusro II implemented iconographic changes in regnal year 2 (591 - 592 AD) as a direct result of suppressing the rebellion (with the assistance of the Byzantine Emperor Maurice) of the brilliant general Wahrām Chōbēn (Wahrām VI) in 591 AD. Further iconographic changes were carried out in regnal year 11 (600 - 601 AD) in response to the final defeat in 600 AD of the 10 year rule/rebellion of Wistahm**, his uncle (as the brother-in-law of his father Ohrmazd IV) and former staunch supporter.

*The study cannot be intended to be complete. For example, there is no discussion of the legend 'pd that appeared, beginning in the 12th regnal year but not present for all subsequent years or at all mints, in the second quadrant outside of the rims on the obverse. Gariboldi 2010 (p.64) translates the legend as "good", "excellent", "wonderful' while Göbl 1983 (p. 331) translates it as "praise".

**There is some debate about when Wistahm was finally eliminated. Daryaee, following Paruck 1924, relies on (purported?) numismatic evidence that the last coin minted in his name was for year 10. Therefore Daryaee states that 600 AD was the year of elimination (Daryaee 1997, p. 53 n. 38. Also see Daryaee 2009, p. 33 n. 166 for a slightly more tepid assertion). Frye 1984 implies a 10 year rule for Wistahm, stating that "it was not until 601 that the rule of Chosroes [Khusro] was restored over all of the empire..." (p. 336). Göbl SN, however, states that 10 years of reign are said to be represented, although personally he had only seen coins of years 2 through 7 (p. 53). Thus Wistahm's years in SN's Table XI are listed as "591/2 - 597?" Malek 1993 also lists Wistahm's years as 591/2 - 97 (p. 237).

Provenance: Ex Marc R. Breitsprecher, Classical Numismatist October 2, 2018.

Photo Credit: Marc R. Breitsprecher, Classical Numismatist

Sources

Daryaee, Touraj. "The Use of Religio-Political Propaganda on Coins of Xusrō II." The Journal of the American Numismatics (1989-), vol. 9 (1997): 41-53.
Daryaee, Touraj. Sasanian Persia: The Rise And Fall Of An Empire. London: I. B. Tauris, 2009.
Frye, Richard. The History of Ancient Iran. Munich: C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1984.
Gariboldi, Andrea. Sasanian Coinage and History: The Civic Numismatic Collection of Milan. Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers, 2010.
Göbl, Robert. Sasanian Numismatics. Braunschweig: Klinkhardt and Biermann, 1971.
Göbl 1983: Yarshater, Ehsan, ed. The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 3 (1), The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983: 322 - 336.
Malek, Hodge. "A Survey of Research on Sasanian Numismatics." The Numismatic Chronicle (1966-), vol. 153 (1993): 227 - 269.
Paruck, F.D.J. Sasanian Coins. Bombay: 1924.
Schindel, Nickolaus. "Sasanian Mint Abbreviations: The Evidence of Style." The Numismatic Chronicle (1966-), vol. 165 (2005): 287 - 299.1 commentsTracy Aiello

0003 Sasanian Empire Khusro II -- Year 35 -- CtesiphonObv: Pahlavi script legend: to the l. on two lines reading down leftward and outward (with the first word extending through the inner rim) is GDH/'pzwt (xwarrah abzūd) and to the r. on one line reading down is hwslwd (Husraw) = Khusro has increased the royal glory; frontal bust facing r. of bearded Khusro II with a hair globe drawn to the back of the neck, crown with three merlons and attached to the top of the crown cap are wings (lines within the base, wings open) with an attached crescent and star, double pearl diadem with three ribbons behind, earring made up of three dots, neckline edged with a row of pearls, both shoulders decorated with a crescent and star, double row of pearls from shoulders to breast, two dots on the breast, star in upper l. field and star and crescent in upper r. field both extending through the inner rim, two dotted rims with a star on a crescent at 3h, 6h, and 9h.
Rev: Pahlavi script legend: to the l. reading down is year pncsyh of Khusro II's reign and to the r. reading down is the mint mark WYHC = year 35 of Khusro II's reign, Ctesiphon; fire altar with a base consisting of two slabs and a shaft with two ribbons pointing upwards to the r. and l. of the shaft with four altar slabs on top and flames consisting of four tiers rendered as four then three then two then one upward stroke, star to the l. and crescent to the r. of the top two tiers, to the l. and r. of the altar are two frontal facing attendants each holding a sword pointing downwards with the r. hand over the l. hand and wearing a crescent cap, three dotted rims with a star on a crescent at 3h, 6h, 9h, and 12h.
Denomination: silver drachm; Mint: Ctesiphon;1 Date: year 35, 624 - 625 AD; Weight: 4.11g; Diameter: 32.6mm; Die axis: 90º; References, for example: Göbl II/3.

Notes:

1See Schindel (2005) pp. 296 - 299 for an argument identifying the Pahlavi mint signature WYHC with Ctesipon.

See Daryaee (1997) for an interesting study of the religious and political iconography on the coinage of Khusro II*. He argues that Khusro II implemented iconographic changes in regnal year 2 (591 - 592 AD) as a direct result of suppressing the rebellion (with the assistance of the Byzantine Emperor Maurice) of the brilliant general Wahrām Chōbēn (Wahrām VI) in 591 AD. Further iconographic changes were carried out in regnal year 11 (600 - 601 AD) in response to the final defeat in 600 AD of the 10 year rule/rebellion of Wistahm**, his uncle (as the brother-in-law of his father Ohrmazd IV) and former staunch supporter.

*The study cannot be intended to be complete. For example, there is no discussion of the legend 'pd that appeared, beginning in the 12th regnal year but not present for all subsequent years or at all mints, in the second quadrant outside of the rims on the obverse. Gariboldi 2010 (p.64) translates the legend as "good", "excellent", "wonderful" while Göbl 1983 (p. 331) translates it as "praise".

**There is some debate about when Wistahm was finally eliminated. Daryaee, following Paruck 1924, relies on (purported?) numismatic evidence that the last coin minted in his name was for year 10. Therefore Daryaee states that 600 AD was the year of elimination (Daryaee 1997, p. 53 n. 38. Also see Daryaee 2009, p. 33 n. 166 for a slightly more tepid assertion). Frye 1984 implies a 10 year rule for Wistahm, stating that "it was not until 601 that the rule of Chosroes [Khusro] was restored over all of the empire..." (p. 336). Göbl SN, however, states that 10 years of reign are said to be represented, although personally he had only seen coins of years 2 through 7 (p. 53). Thus Wistahm's years in SN's Table XI are listed as "591/2 - 597?" Malek 1993 also lists Wistahm's years as 591/2 - 97 (p. 237).

Provenance: Ex Forum Ancient Coins June 8, 2018, from the Jyrki Muona Collection; Ex CNG e-auction 59 (26 Feb 2003), lot 77; Ex CNG e-auction 57 (4 Apr 2001), lot 47.

Photo Credit: Forum Ancient Coins

Sources

Daryaee, Touraj. "The Use of Religio-Political Propaganda on Coins of Xusrō II." The Journal of the American Numismatics (1989-), vol. 9 (1997): 41-53.
Daryaee, Touraj. Sasanian Persia: The Rise And Fall Of An Empire. London: I. B. Tauris, 2009.
Frye, Richard. The History of Ancient Iran. Munich: C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1984.
Gariboldi, Andrea. Sasanian Coinage and History: The Civic Numismatic Collection of Milan. Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers, 2010.
Göbl, Robert. Sasanian Numismatics. Braunschweig: Klinkhardt and Biermann, 1971.
Göbl 1983: Yarshater, Ehsan, ed. The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 3 (1), The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983: 322 - 336.
Malek, Hodge. "A Survey of Research on Sasanian Numismatics." The Numismatic Chronicle (1966-), vol. 153 (1993): 227 - 269.
Paruck, F.D.J. Sasanian Coins. Bombay: 1924.
Schindel, Nickolaus. "Sasanian Mint Abbreviations: The Evidence of Style." The Numismatic Chronicle (1966-), vol. 165 (2005): 287 - 299.2 commentsTracy Aiello

016 - Claudius II (268-270 AD), Antoninianus - RIC 153Obv: IMP CLAVDIVS P F AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Rev: ORIENS AVG, Sol standing right, holding right hand rised and globe in left.
Minted in Mediolanum - Milan - (P in exe) 268-270 AD.
17 mm in diam.
pierre_p77

020 - Claudius II Gothicus (268-270 AD), Antoninianus - RIC 261Obv: DIVO CLAVDIO. radiated bust right.
Rev: CONSECRATIO, large altar.
Minted in Milan(?), c 270 AD.

Commemorative coin struck after the emperors death. pierre_p77

035 VOLUSIANEMPEROR: Volusian
DENOMINATION: Antoninianus
OBVERSE: IMP C C VIB VOLVSIANVS AVG, radiate draped and cuirassed bust right
REVERSE: VIRTVS AVGG, Virtus standing right, holding spear and resting left on shield at front
DATE: 251-253 AD
MINT: Milan
WEIGHT: 2.88 g
RIC: 206Barnaba6

040 QUINTILLUSEMPEROR: Quintillus
DENOMINATION: Antoninianus
OBVERSE: IMP QVINTILLVS AVG, radiate, draped bust right / FIDES MILIT,
REVERSE: Fides standing left, holding two standards. Officina letter S in exergue.
DATE: 270 AD
MINT: Milan
WEIGHT: 2.84 g
RIC: V.1.52Barnaba6

041a03. Trebonianus GallusAR Antoninianus. Milan mint. Obv: IMP C C VIB TREB GALLVS AVG, radiate bust right. Rev: IVNO MARTIALIS, Juno seated left, holding corn-ears and sceptre. RIC 69; RSC 46; Sear 9631.lawrence c

043. Claudius II Gothicus, A.D. 268-270.AE Antoninianus. Mediolanum mint.

Obv: IMP CLAVDIVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, cuirassed bust right, seen from behind.

Rev: FELIC TEMPO, Felicitas standing facing, head left, vertical sceptre in left hand, short caduceus in right hand, T in ex.

RIC V-1 145 Milan/Mediolanum.LordBest

046a02. GallienusBI antoninianus. Legionary Series. Legion II - Italica. Mediolanum (Milan). AD 258. Obv: GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right.
Rev: LEG II ITAL VI P VI F, She-Wolf left, suckling twins. RIC V.I 329.lawrence c

046a03. GallienusBI antoninianus. Legionary Series. Legion II - Italica. Mediolanum (Milan). AD 258. Obv: GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right.
Rev: LEG II ITAL VI P VI F, wild boar right. RIC V.I 325.lawrence c

046a04. GallienusBI antoninianus. Legionary Series. Praetorian Cohort. VF. Mediolanum (Milan). AD 258. Obv: GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, cuirassed bust of Gallienus right, seen from front. Rev: COHH PRAET VI P VI F, radiate lion roaring right. RIC V.I 370.lawrence c

046a05. GallienusBI antoninianus. Legionary Series. Legion II - Adiutrix. Mediolanum (Milan). AD 258. Obv: GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right.
Rev: LEG II ADI VI P VI F, Pegasus flying right. RIC V.I 324.lawrence c

046a15. GallienusAntoninianus. Milan mint. Obv: GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right. Rev: ORIENS AVG, Sol standing left, holding whip, right hand raised. RIC 494; Cohen 687; Sear 10295.lawrence c

053a01. AureolusStriking in the name of Postumus. AE Antoninianus. Mediolanum (Milan) mint. 268 AD. Obv: IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right. Rev: FIDES EQVIT, Fides seated left holding patera and standard. RIC 377, Cohen 59; Sear 10938. A FORUM coin.lawrence c

079 Traianus Decius (249-251 A.D.), RIC IV-III 0041b2, Milan, AR-Antoninianus, PANNONIAE, Two Pannoniae facing each other, Scarce! #1079 Traianus Decius (249-251 A.D.), RIC IV-III 0041b2, Milan, AR-Antoninianus, PANNONIAE, Two Pannoniae facing each other, Scarce! #1
avers: IMP CAE TRA DECIVS AVG, Radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right.
reverse: PANNONIAE, Two Pannoniae facing each other, shaking hands in front of the standard in the center.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 21,5-22,2mm, weight: 3,79g, axis: 6h,
mint: Milan, date: 250-251 A.D.,
ref: RIC IV-III 0041b2, p-124, C 82-83, Scarce!
Q-0013 commentsquadrans

084 Volusian (251-253 A.D.), Milan, RIC IV-III 205, AR-Antoninianus, FELICITAS PVBL, Felicitas standing left, #1084 Volusian (251-253 A.D.), Milan, RIC IV-III 205, AR-Antoninianus, FELICITAS PVBL, Felicitas standing left, #1
avers: IMP C C VIB VOLVSIANVS AVG, Radiate, draped, cuirassed, right.
reverse: FELICITAS PVBL, Felicitas standing left, caduceus, and cornucopia.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 22,0-22,5mm, weight: 3,21g, axis: 7h,
mint: Milan, date:251-253 A.D.,
ref: RIC IV-III 205, RSC 32, Sear 9746,
Q-001quadrans

084 Volusian (251-253 A.D.), Milan, RIC IV-III 205, AR-Antoninianus, FELICITAS PVBL, Felicitas standing left, #2084 Volusian (251-253 A.D.), Milan, RIC IV-III 205, AR-Antoninianus, FELICITAS PVBL, Felicitas standing left, #2
avers: IMP C C VIB VOLVSIANVS AVG, Radiate, draped, cuirassed, right.
reverse: FELICITAS PVBL, Felicitas standing left, caduceus, and cornucopia.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 21,0-22,0mm, weight: 3,78g, axis: 0h,
mint: Milan, date:251-253 A.D.,
ref: RIC IV-III 205, RSC 32, Sear 9746,
Q-002quadrans

084 Volusian (251-253 A.D.), Milan, RIC IV-III 205, AR-Antoninianus, FELICITAS PVBL, Felicitas standing left, #3084 Volusian (251-253 A.D.), Milan, RIC IV-III 205, AR-Antoninianus, FELICITAS PVBL, Felicitas standing left, #3
avers: IMP C C VIB VOLVSIANVS AVG, Radiate, draped, cuirassed, right.
reverse: FELICITAS PVBL, Felicitas standing left, caduceus, and cornucopia.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 21,0-22,0mm, weight: 4,01g, axis: 6h,
mint: Milan, date:251-253 A.D.,
ref: RIC IV-III 205, RSC 32, Sear 9746,
Q-003quadrans

091 Salonina (? - 268 A.D.), Mediolanum, RIC V-I 058, AE-Antoninianus, -/-//S, AVG IN PACE, Salonina seated left, Rare! #1091 Salonina (? - 268 A.D.), Mediolanum, RIC V-I 058, AE-Antoninianus, -/-//S, AVG IN PACE, Salonina seated left, Rare! #1
avers: SALONINA AVG, Diademed and draped bust right, resting on crescent.
revers: AVG IN PACE, Salonina seated left, holding olive-branch and scepter.
exergue: -/-//S, diameter: 20,0-22,0 mm, weight: 2,40 g, axis: 11h,
mint: Mediolanum, 2nd officina, 6th emission, date: 266 A.D.,
ref: RIC V-I 58, p-, RSC 17, Göbl 1305, Sear-, Rare!
Q-001quadrans

096 - Trajan Decius Antoninianus - RIC 038bObv:– IMP CAE TRA DECIVS AVG, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev:– GEN ILLVRICI, Genus of Illyria standing left
Minted in Milan.
Reference:– RIC 38b. RSC 44maridvnvm

0980 ? Not in boblAtelier : MILAN
Droit : GALLIENUS AVG
Revers : VIIP VI F !!
Reference : Mir 9 //80///B*Numis

099a. Valentinian IWestern Augustus February 364-November 375.

Pannonian. Chosen after debate among army officers. He re-split empire with his brother Valens, who took charge of the East. Valentinian ruled from Mediolanum (Milan). Fought a series of wars against barbarians. Died of stroke while negotiating with barbarians.lawrence c

100 - Trebonianus Gallus Antoninianus - RIC 072Obv:– IMP C C VIB TREB GALLVS AVG, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev:– PIETAS AVGG, Pietas, veiled, standing left, raising both hands; to left altar
Minted in Milan. A.D. 251 - A.D. 253
Reference:– Van Meter 28. RIC 72, RSC 88 maridvnvm

1002Antoninianus
Milan
Issue 2
LEG IIII FL VI P VI F
G 1002mauseus

1007Antoninianus
Milan
Issue 2
LEG VII CL VII P VII F
G 1007mauseus

1009Antoninianus
Milan
Issue 2
LEG VIII AVG VI P VI F
G 1009mauseus

1022?Antoninianus
Milan
Issue 2
LEG IIXX [VI P VI F]?
G 1022 or 1023mauseus

1058 or 1060Antoninianus
Milan
Issue 3
VOTA DECENALIA or VOTA DECENNALIA
G 1058 or 1060mauseus

105b01. Flavius VictorAR Siliqua. 11.8mm (clipped), .79 g. Mediolanum (Milan) mint.
Obv: D N FL VICTOR P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped & cuirassed bust right. Rev: VIRTVS ROMANORVM, Roma seated left, holding globe in right hand, reversed spear in left. Mintmark MDPS. RIC IX Milan 19b; RSC 6Ac; Sear (1988) 4210. A FORUM coin.lawrence c

106 Aurelianus (270-275 A.D.), T-1442, RIC V-I 143, Mediolanum, AE-Antoninianus, VICTORIA AVG, -/-//T, Victory running right, 106 Aurelianus (270-275 A.D.), T-1442, RIC V-I 143, Mediolanum, AE-Antoninianus, VICTORIA AVG, -/-//T, Victory running right,
avers:-IMP AVRELIANVS AVG, Bust right, radiate, cuirassed and draped with paludamentum. (D1)
revers:-VICTORIA AVG, Victory running right, holding wreath in right hand and palm against left shoulder. (Victory 8)
exerg: -/-//T, diameter: 21,0mm, weight: 3,15g, axes: 6h,
mint: Mediolanum, iss-2, off-3, date: 271 A.D., ref: T-1442 (Estiot), RIC V-I 143,
Q-0011 commentsquadrans

106 Aurelianus (270-275 A.D.), T-1468, RIC V-I 138, Mediolanum, AE-Antoninianus, PIETAS AVG, -/-//S, Emperor and Pietas,106 Aurelianus (270-275 A.D.), T-1468, RIC V-I 138, Mediolanum, AE-Antoninianus, PIETAS AVG, -/-//S, Emperor and Pietas,
avers:-IMP AVRELIANVS AVG, Bust right, radiate, cuirassed. (B1)
revers:- PIETAS AVG, Emperor togate stg. r., holding short sceptre in l. hand, facing Pietas stg. l., holding short sceptre in l. hand, both sacrificing over an altar placed between them. (Emperor and Pietas 1)
exerg: -/-//S, diameter: 21-21,5mm, weight: 4,14g, axes: 6h,
mint: Mediolanum, iss-3, off-2, date: 271-272 A.D., ref: T-1468 (Estiot), RIC V-I 138corr,
Q-001quadrans

106 Aurelianus (270-275 A.D.), T-1476, RIC V-I 142, Mediolanum, AE-Antoninianus, ROMAE AETERNAE, -/-//Q, Emperor and Roma,106 Aurelianus (270-275 A.D.), T-1476, RIC V-I 142, Mediolanum, AE-Antoninianus, ROMAE AETERNAE, -/-//Q, Emperor and Roma,
avers:- IMP AVRELIANVS AVG, Bust right, radiate, cuirassed. (B1)
revers:- ROMAE AETERNAE, Emperor togate standing right, receiving Victory from Roma seated left on shield holding a long sceptre (or a spear) in left hand. (Emperor and Roma 1)
exerg: -/-//Q, diameter: 20mm, weight: 2,57g, axes: h,
mint: Mediolanum (Milan), iss-4, off-3, date: 271-272. A.D., ref: T-1476 (Estiot), RIC V-I 142,
Q-001quadrans

106 Aurelianus (270-275 A.D.), T-1496, RIC V-I 128, Mediolanum, AE-Antoninianus, FORTVNA REDVX, -/-//S, Fortuna seated left on wheel, #1106 Aurelianus (270-275 A.D.), T-1496, RIC V-I 128, Mediolanum, AE-Antoninianus, FORTVNA REDVX, -/-//S, Fortuna seated left on wheel, #1
avers: IMP AVRELIANVS AVG, Radiated and cuirassed bust right. (B1)
reverse: FORTVNA REDVX, Fortuna seated left on the wheel, holding rudder in right hand and cornucopiae in the left hand. (Fortuna 1b)
exergue: -/-//S, diameter: 20,0-21,5mm, weight: 3,77g, axes: 0h,
mint: Mediolanum, off-2, iss-4, date: 272-274 A.D.,
ref: RIC V-I 128, T-1496 (Estiot), LV 3128-91,
Q-0012 commentsquadrans

1065Antoninianus
Milan
Issue 3
VOT X ET XX
G 1065mauseus

1068Antoninianus
Milan
Issue 3
FIDEI EQVITVM
G 10681 commentsmauseus

107 - Gallienus - RIC 483Antoninianus
Obv:– IMP GALLIENVS AVG, Radiate bust right, slight drapery on both shoulders
Rev:– FORT REDVX, Fortuna seated left holding rudder and cornucopia
Minted in Mediolanum/Milan (//MS)
Reference:– Göbl 1350f. RIC 483maridvnvm

1075Antoninianus
Milan
Issue 3
PERPETVITATI AVG
G 1075aamauseus

1084Antoninianus
Milan
Issue 4
AEQVITAS AVG
G 1084mauseus

1086Antoninianus
Milan
Issue 4
PROVIDENTIA AVG
G 1086mauseus

108a. HonoriusWestern Augustus January 393-August 423.

Younger brother of Arcadius. Took control of West in 395 at age 10. Capital at Milan, then Ravenna. Under thumb of Vandal Magister Militum Stilicho. Rome sacked in 410. Died in 423, leaving no heir.lawrence c

1095Antoninianus
Milan
Issue 4
LAETITIA AVG
G 1095mauseus

1126Antoninianus
Milan
Issue 4
ORIENS AVG
G 1126mauseus

1146Antoninianus
Milan
Issue 4
DIANA FELIX
G 1146mauseus

1147Antoninianus
Milan
Issue 4
VIRTVS AVG
G 1147mauseus

115 - Aureolus, rebel under Postumus - RIC Postumus 372Antoninianus
Obv:– IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev:– CONCORD EQVIT, Fortuna standing left, foot on prow, holding patera and rudder, S in exergue
Minted in Mediolanum (Milan). A.D. 268
Reference– RIC Postumus 372. Cohen.20 -. Cunetio-. E.616. AGK.6 amaridvnvm

1150Antoninianus
Milan
Issue 4
VIRTVS AVG
G 1150mauseus

1169Antoninianus
Milan
Issue 4
APOLLO CONSER
G 1169mauseus

1182Antoninianus
Milan
Issue 5
PM TRP VI COS
G 11821 commentsmauseus

1182Antoninianus
Milan
Issue 5
PM TRP VI COS
G 1182mauseus

1199Antoninianus
Milan
Issue 5
INDVLG AVG
G 1199mauseus

122 - Claudius II Gothicus Ant. - RIC 172Obv:– IMP CLAVDIVS P F AVG, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev:– VIRTVS AVG, Mars advancing right, holding trophy and spear
Minted in Milan. (P in exe)
Reference:– RIC 172. Cohen 315 1 commentsmaridvnvm

124 - Quintillus Ant. - RIC 058Obv:– IMP QVINTILLVS AVG, Radiate, draped bust right
Rev:– MARTI PAC, Mars standing left, holding olive-branch & spear
Minted in Milan. (P in exe). A.D. 270
Reference:– RIC 58. Cohen 47.maridvnvm

1248Antoninianus
Milan
Issue 6
PM TRP VII COS
G 1248mauseus

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