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1st Century BC - 1st Century CE, IRON AGE BRITAIN, Tribe: Trinovantes, AE Unit, Struck c.10 BC – 10 CE in Camulodunum(?) in Essex under DubnovellaunusObverse: Head facing right, hair(?) lines on head divided by clear centre parting.
Reverse: Horse prancing left; complex pellets and circles above and below.
Diameter: 13.5mm | Weight: 1.61gms | Axis: 3h
SPINK: -- | BMC -- | ABC 2413
VERY RARE
Very rare uninscribed bronze unit of Dubnovellaunus found in Essex. The type is designated as a “Dubnovellaunus Centre Parting” bronze unit in ABC (Ancient British Coins), and to date (January, 2023) it is unlisted in any other major reference works.
DUBNOVELLAUNUS
It is generally thought that Dubnovellaunus succeeded his father Addedomarus as king of the Trinovantes somewhere around 10-5 BC and ruled for several years before being supplanted by Cunobelinus of the Catuvellauni.
In the Res Gestae Divi Augusti, a British king called Dumnovellaunus appears, alongside Tincomarus of the Atrebates, as a supplicant to Augustus in around AD 7 and, given the chronology, it is indeed possible that Dubnovellaunus of the Trinovantes is the same person as the Dumnovellaunus who presented himself to Augustus. The spelling variation is due to a Celtic, rather than a Latin, interpretation of the ruler's name.
It is worth mentioning that the authors of ABC (Ancient British Coins) also think that Dubnovellaunus of the Trinovantes could possibly be the same individual as the Dumnovellaunus who ruled in Kent in the 30s - 20s BC, they suggest that he could have been a Cantian king who later gained control over the southern part of the Trinovantes and that therefore he might have ruled both territories north and south of the Thames estuary for a few years. It should be noted however, that Van Arsdell, an authority on the Celtic Coinage of Britain, emphatically disputes this.
TRINOVANTES
The Trinovantes were one of the Iron Age Celtic tribes of Pre-Roman Britain. Their territory was on the north side of the Thames estuary in the present day counties of Essex, Hertfordshire and Suffolk, and also included lands now located in Greater London. They were bordered to the north by the Iceni, and to the west by the Catuvellauni. Their capital was Camulodunum (modern Colchester).
Shortly before Julius Caesar's invasion of Britain in 55 and 54 BC, the Trinovantes were considered the most powerful tribe in Britain. At this time their capital was probably at Braughing (in modern-day Hertfordshire). In some copies of Caesar's Gallic War their king is referred to as Imanuentius, although no name is given in other copies which have come down to us. That said however, it seems that this king was overthrown by Cassivellaunus, king of the Catuvellauni, some time before Caesar's second expedition and that Imanuentius' son, Mandubracius, fled to the protection of Caesar in Gaul. During his second expedition Caesar defeated Cassivellaunus and restored Mandubracius to the kingship. Cassivellaunus agreed to pay tribute and also undertook not to attack him again.
The next identifiable king of the Trinovantes, known from numismatic evidence, was Addedomarus, who took power around 20 – 15 BCE, and moved the tribe's capital to Camulodunum. For a brief period, around 10 BCE, Tasciovanus of the Catuvellauni issued coins from Camulodunum, suggesting that he must have conquered the Trinovantes, but he was soon forced to withdraw, perhaps as a result of pressure from the Romans. Addedomarus was restored and Tasciovanus' later coins no longer bear the mark “REX”. Addedomarus was briefly succeeded by his son Dubnovellaunus, around 10 to 5 BCE, but a few years later the tribe was conquered by either Tasciovanus or his son Cunobelinus.
The Trinovantes do not appear in history again until their participation in Boudica's revolt against the Romans in 60 CE. After that though they seem to have embraced the Romanisation of Britain and their name was later given to one of the “civitates” of Roman Britain, whose chief town was Caesaromagus (modern Chelmsford in Essex).
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*Alex
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AE provincial, Saitta, Lydia (Sidas Kaleh, Turkey), Senate/River-God (mid-2nd to early 3d century AD) IЄΡA - [CYNKΛHTOC], bare-headed youthful draped bust of Senate right / CAIT[THNΩN] + [ЄPMOC] in exergue, River-God Hermos reclining left, holding reed and cornucopiae, resting arm on urn (hydria) from which waters flow.
Ó” (base metal yellow, orichalcum?), 22 mm, 5.68 g, die axis 6.5h (coin alignment)
It is difficult to read the name of the river. I think that ЄPMOC is more likely, but VΛΛΟС is also possible, representing the other important local river, Hyllos.
Possible catalog references are BMC Lydia 25 (or 26-27?), SNG Copenhagen 398, SNG München 439.
For the Hyllos reverse, Leypold 1153.
To emphasize the autonomy of certain Hellenistic polises, even under the Roman rule they sometimes used allegorical figures of Senate or Demos on obverses of their coins instead of imperial portraits. Saitta was issuing similar-looking coins with busts of emperors and their family as well, but in this issue the town Senate is honoured as the ruler. IЄΡA CYNKΛHTOC = Holy Senate. CAITTHNΩN = Saitta, ЄPMOC = Hermos, the name of the river and its god.
River-Gods or Potamoi (Ποταμοί) were the gods of the rivers and streams of the earth, all sons of the great earth-encirling river Okeanos (Oceanus) and his wife Tethys. Their sisters were the Okeanides (Oceanids), goddesses of small streams, clouds and rain, and their daughters were the Naiades, nymphs of springs and fountains. A River-God was depicted in one of three forms: as a man-headed bull; a bull-horned man with the tail of a serpentine-fish in place of legs; or as a reclining man with an arm resting upon a pitcher pouring water, which we see in this case. The addition of cornucopia symbolizes the blessings that a particular river bestows on those who live near it.
Saitta or Saittae (Σαίτται, Ptolemy 5.2.21: ΣÎτται, Σάετται) was a polis in eastern Lydia (aka Maeonia), in the rivers' triangle between the upper Hyllus (modern Demirci Çayı, c. 12 km to the west) and the Hermus or Hermos (modern Gediz Nehri, c. 20 km to the south). In Roman imperial times it belonged to the "conventus" of Sardis in the Roman province of Asia (conventus was a territorial unit of a Roman province, mostly for judicial purposes).
Now its ruins are known now as Sidas Kaleh or Sidaskale in Turkey, near the village of Ä°çikler (Ä°cikler Mahallesi, 45900 Demirci/Manisa). They were never excavated, so are little known or cared for. Ruins of a stadium and a theatre survive, together with remains of some temples and tombs.
Not much is known about it. It was a regional centre for the production of textiles. In 124 AD the town was probably visited by emperor Hadrianus. During the Roman period the cult of the moon god MÄ“n Axiottenus was very popular in the city. Because of its reference to "angels" (both literally as the Greek word and by their function as god's messengers) it was possibly close to the more general Asia Minor cult of Theos Hypsistos, Θεος ὕψιστος, "the highest god" (200 BC – 400 AD), which in turn was perhaps related to the gentile following of the Second Temple in Jerusalem.
Known Roman provincial coins issued by this city feature portraits of emperors from Hadrian to Gallienus, thus covering the period from 117 to 268 AD, with the peak around the Severan dynasty. The semi-autonomous issues are usually dated from mid-2nd to mid-3d century AD.
Later Saittae was the seat of a Byzantine bishopric. Bishop Limenius signed the Chalcedon Creed, while Bishop Amachius spoke at the Council of Chalcedon. Although an Islamic area now, Saittae remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church.Yurii P
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Anonymous, Sardes, Lydia, AE14, ΣAPΔIANΩN, FMTAE14
AE
Greek Imperial: Sardes, Lydia
Anonymous
Issued: Second - First Centuries BC
14.00mm 8.60gr 0h
O: NO LEGEND: Laureate head of Apollo, right; beaded border.
R: ΣAPΔI-ANΩN; City ethnic above and below club, within laurel wreath.
Exergue: FMT = Monogram 129.
Sardes, Lydia Mint
GRPC Lydia 14; BMC 18; SNG Cop 472-4; Gokyildirim Istanbul 457; Manisa Museum 10417.
N&N London Auctions/Stefan Asenov Online Auction 20, Lot 158.
7/29/23 8/25/23Nicholas Z
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Anonymous, Sardes, Lydia, AE14, ΣAPΔIANΩN, PMTEAE14
AE
Greek Imperial: Sardes, Lydia
Anonymous
Issued: 133 - 131BC
13.60mm 3.70gr 0h
O: NO LEGEND; Laureate head of Apollo, right; beaded border.
R: ΣAPΔI-ANΩN; City ethnic above and below club within laurel wreath.
Exergue: PMTE Monogram 69, below.
Sardes, Lydia Mint
VF
GRPC Lydia 48; Paris 1139I; Manisa Museum 16224; Vossen 5815; SNG Munich 489 corr. (monogram).
NBS Auctions Web Auction 13, Lot 337.
7/31/22 9/16/22Nicholas Z
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Anonymous, Sardes, Lydia, AE15, ΣAPΔIANΩN, ΦMΓAE15
AE
Greek Imperial: Sardes, Lydia
Anonymous
2nd - 1st Century BC
14.80mm 4.39gr 7h
O: NO LEGEND; Laureate head of Apollo, right; beaded border.
R: ΣAPΔI-ANΩN; City ethnic above and below club within laurel wreath; beaded border.
Exergue: ΦMΓ Monogram 129
Sardes, Lydia Mint
GRPC Lydia 14; BMC 18; SNG Cop 472-474; Gokyildirim Istanbul 457; Manisa Museum 10417.
Bucephalus Numismatic Black Auction 4, Lot 398.
9/3/22 10/6/22Nicholas Z
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Anonymous, Sardes, Lydia, AE16, CΑΡΔΙΑΝΩΝ, ΔΔY AE16
Greek Imperial: Sardes, Lydia
Anonymous
Issued: 133BC - 14AD
16.0 x 14.0mm 4.56gr 0h
O: NO LEGEND; Head of Apollo, right; small bust style.
R: CΑΡΔΙ-ΑΝΩΝ; Club of Herakles within oak wreath; city name above and below.
Exergue: Monogram at club head: ΔΔY
Sardes, Lydia Mint
Manisa Museum 03979; McClean 8701; Paris 1139G; GRPC Lydia 4A; SG #4736.
David Connors Ancient Coins and Artifacts zx2358
7/10/21 8/2/21Nicholas Z
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Anonymous, Sardes, Lydia, AE16, ΣAPΔIANΩN, MEAE16
AE
Greek Imperial: Sardes, Lydia
Anonymous
Issued: 200 - 133BC
16.35mm 5.64gr 0h
O: NO LEGEND; Herakles, unbearded, head right; beaded border.
R: ΣAPΔI-ANΩN; Apollo, standing facing, head left, holding patera in right hand, scepter in left hand, all within laurel wreath.
Exergue: ME = Monogram 37.
Sardes, Lydia Mint
GRPC Lydia 127; SNG Munich 472; Paris 1972.822; Manisa Museum 03987.
Aquila Numismatics/Adnan Cetin Auction 11, Lot 283.
7/23/23 8/25/23Nicholas Z
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Anonymous, Sardes, Lydia, AE16, ΣΑΡΔΙΑΝΩΝ, ΩΠKEAE16
Civic Issue: Sardes, Lydia
Anonymous
Issued: 133BC - 14AD
16.0mm 3.95gr 4h
O: NO LEGEND; Head of Apollo, right; beaded border.
R: ΣΑΡΔΙ-ΑΝΩΝ; Club within wreath, city ethnic above and below club; beaded border.
Exergue: ΩΠKE Monogram 172 from GRPC.
VF
GRPC 69; Gokyildirim Istanbul 469; Johnston Sardis 190; Manisa Museum 04270.
Savoca Munich/Claudia Savoca 114th Blue Auction, Lot 262
8/26/21 10/8/21Nicholas Z
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Anonymous, Sardes, Lydia, AE17, ΣΑΡΔIANΩN IΠΠεNεIKOΣAE17
AE
Greek Imperial: Sardes, Lydia
Anonymous
Issued: 133 - 100BC
Magistrate: Ipponeikos
17.30mm 7.11gr 0h
O: NO LEGEND; Laureate, youthful, unbearded bust of Herakles, right; beaded border.
R: ΣΑΡΔIANΩN IΠΠεNεI[KOΣ]; Apollo, standing left, holding eagle in right hand, branch in left hand within laurel wreath; beaded border.
Sardes, Lydia Mint
9/21/22 Added to Wildwinds and GRPC Lydia Supplement by Kurth.
GRPC Lydia 88; Manisa Museum 18406.
Bucephalus Numismatic Black Auction 4, Lot 402.
9/3/22 10/6/22Nicholas Z
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John III Ducas-Vatatses Gold HyperpyronJohn III Ducas-Vatatzes, Empire of Nicaea, Gold Hyperpyron, c. Lydia, Magnesia ad Sipylum (Manisa, Turkey) mint, weight 4.528g, maximum diameter 28.1mm, die axis 180o, 2nd coinage, c. 1232 – 1254,
Metcalf Agrinion 82 - 92; DOC IV-2 6a.2; Lianta 204; Hendy pl. 32, 3; Sommer 70.1.4; SBCV 2073 (none with rev. legend blunder),
OBV: Christ seated facing on throne without back, dotted nimbus, wears tunic and kolobion, raising right hand in benediction, Gospels in left hand, IC - XC (Greek abbreviation: Jesus Christ) across field, annulet (sigla) left above throne;
REV: Iw / ∆C/Π/T - Tw / MHP/ΦV (sic, blundered with MHP in place of ΠOP), John on left, standing facing, wears stemma, divitision, collar-piece and loros, labarum in right hand, anexikakia in left; crowned by Virgin Mary on right, standing left, nimbate, wears tunic and maphorion, MHP - ΘV (Greek abbreviation: Mητηρ Θεου - Mother of God) flanking nimbus
ex S. Lindner Collection; ex Roma Numismatics e-sale 65 (19 Dec 2019), lot 1007; ex German dealer; rare;
SH99292
A successful soldier from a military family, John was chosen in about 1216 by Emperor Theodore I Laskaris as the second husband for his daughter Irene Laskarina and as heir to the throne. This arrangement excluded members of the Laskarid family from the succession, and when he became emperor in 1221, following Theodore I's death, he had to suppress opposition to his rule. John was a very successful ruler who greatly increased the size, influence, and prosperity of the Nicaean Empire. He prepared the way for his descendants to successfully restore Greek rule to Constantinople and to rule the restored Byzantine Empire. SRukke
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